Unit 11 Lesson 8 Project & Review（知识清单&检测）2025-2026学年八年级英语下册（新教材仁爱科普版）

该初中英语知识清单围绕“奇妙的中国文化”主题，系统梳理了相关词汇、短语、重点句型及语法知识。从基础单词（如culture, symbol）和短语（如a symbol of, be famous for）入手，逐步过渡到提建议、宾语从句等核心句型，再到词类转换、一般过去时等语法点，构建完整的学习支架。 知识链路按“词汇-短语-句型-语法”逻辑递进，特色在于将语言能力培养与文化意识融合，通过兼类词转换、易混词辨析（如be famous for/be known as）提升语言运用能力，结合中国文化实例（如旗袍、丝绸之路）增强文化认同，助力学生在项目实践中实现语言知识与文化理解的综合应用。

Unit 11 Fantastic Chinese Culture Lesson 8 Project & Review 知识清单 单词 音标 中文释义 /trəˈdɪʃənl/ adj. 传统的；习俗的 /rəʊst/ adj. 烤的；焙的 /ˈʌvn/ n. 烤炉；烤箱 /skɪn/ n. 皮；皮肤 /ˈʌnjən/ n. 洋葱；葱头 /ɪnˈvaɪt/ v. 邀请 /ˈsʌmdeɪ/ adv. 将来；总有一天 /ˈkʌltʃə(r)/ n. 文化 /ˈsɪmbl/ n. 象征；标志 /ˈhɪstri/ n. 历史 /ˈfestɪvl/ n. 节日 /ˈkʌstəm/ n. 习俗；风俗 /ˈselɪbreɪt/ v. 庆祝 /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ n. 经历；经验 /v. 体验 /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/ adj. 令人惊奇的 /ˈfeɪməs/ adj. 著名的 /ˈpɒpjələ(r)/ adj. 受欢迎的 /spred/ v. 传播；展开 /ˌɪntrəˈdjuːs/ v. 介绍 /triːt/ v. 治疗；对待 /peɪn/ n. 疼痛；痛苦 /tʃɑːns/ n. 机会；机遇 /ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r)/ v. 消失；不见 /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/ v. 检查；检验 /ˈstʌməkeɪk/ n. 胃痛；腹痛 /ˈɔːdə(r)/ v. 点餐；命令 /n. 订单；顺序 /teɪst/ v. 尝起来；品尝 /n. 味道 /sɜːv/ v. 服务；招待 /dɪˈlɪʃəs/ adj. 美味的；可口的 短语 中文释义 短语 中文释义 尝一尝；品尝 在…看来；在…眼中 全世界 形成；产生 …… 的象征 在…中占有重要地位 因…… 而著名 作为…… 而闻名 传承；流传 谋生；维持生计 依靠；依赖 在…… 和…… 之间 许多种类的 使…冷却；使…冷静 放松心情 犯错；出错 自己穿衣服 泡茶；沏茶 为某人加油 春卷 （身体某部位）疼痛 偶然；碰巧 不再 一包；一盒 众所周知 过了一会儿 走近；走到…… 跟前 点餐；接受订单 再来两个 忍不住做某事 装满；充满 向某人介绍某物 对…… 感到兴奋 表演中国功夫 拉二胡 写一个短剧 擅长 参加 聚在一起 家族传统 中医 中草药 丝绸之路 京杭大运河 北京烤鸭 升旗仪式 1.Qipao is a traditional dress for Chinese women and it has beautiful embroideries on it. 旗袍是中国女性的传统服饰，上面有精美的刺绣。 2.The Silk Road helped spread Chinese culture to different countries around the world. 丝绸之路帮助中国文化传播到了世界各地的不同国家。 3.I heard that there was going to be a show about the Silk Road in the museum. 我听说博物馆里会有一场关于丝绸之路的展览。 4.As we know, traditional Chinese medicine has a history of thousands of years. 众所周知，中医有着数千年的历史。 5.Beijing roast duck is one of the most famous traditional foods in China. 北京烤鸭是中国最著名的传统美食之一。 6.It looks golden and beautiful and tastes delicious with sweet sauce and pancakes. 它看起来金黄漂亮，配上甜酱和薄饼味道鲜美。 7.Chinese culture holds an important place in the world culture. 中国文化在世界文化中占有重要地位。 8.In the eyes of many foreigners, Chinese kung fu is a symbol of China. 在许多外国人看来，中国功夫是中国的象征。 9.These traditional skills have come into being for hundreds of years and are passed down from generation to generation. 这些传统技艺已经形成了数百年，并代代相传。 10.You should have a taste of Beijing roast duck when you visit Beijing. 当你参观北京时，你应该尝一尝北京烤鸭。 11.We have so many talented classmates who can perform Chinese kung fu and play musical instruments. 我们有这么多有才华的同学，他们会表演中国功夫和演奏乐器。 12.The doctor told me to boil the medicine with water and drink the soup twice a day. 医生告诉我把药用水煮，然后一天喝两次汤。 13.After a short while, the pain in my knee disappeared and I felt much better. 过了一会儿，我膝盖的疼痛消失了，感觉好多了。 14.My cousin couldn't stop eating Beijing roast duck because it was so delicious. 我表弟忍不住一直吃北京烤鸭，因为它太好吃了。 15.I hope you can visit China one day and I will take you to try all kinds of traditional Chinese food. 我希望有一天你能来中国，我会带你尝遍各种中国传统美食。 一、重难点词汇汇总 1. 兼类词核心总结 原词 转换后词性 核心含义 例句 water（n. 水） v. 浇水 Farmers use waterwheels to water crops. ship（n. 船） v. 运输 People shipped goods through the Grand Canal. clean（adj. 干净的） v. 打扫 We clean our houses before the Spring Festival. correct（adj. 正确的） v. 纠正 We should correct our mistakes in time. warm（adj. 温暖的） v. 使温暖 Kind words warm people's hearts. dress（n. 连衣裙） v. 穿衣服 She can dress herself at the age of five. trade（n. 贸易） v. 交易 Businessmen trade goods along the Silk Road. hand（n. 手） v. 传递 Please hand me a cup of tea. cool（adj. 凉爽的） v. 使冷却 Hot tea can cool us down in summer. free（adj. 自由的） v. 释放；放松 Listening to music can free our minds. 2. 易混词辨析 1.be famous for / be known as ·be famous for：因…… 而著名（后接原因、特点） 例：Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake. ·be known as：作为…… 而闻名（后接身份、称号） 例：Lu Xun is known as a great writer. 2.instead / instead of ·instead：副词，单独使用，置于句首或句末 例：I don't like coffee. I'll have tea instead. ·instead of：介词短语，后接名词、代词或动名词 例：I'll have tea instead of coffee. 3.excited / exciting ·excited：修饰人，表 “感到兴奋的” 例：We are excited about the coming holiday. ·exciting：修饰事物，表 “令人兴奋的” 例：The news is very exciting. 4.ill / sick ·ill：只能作表语，不能作定语 ·sick：既可作表语，也可作定语 例：a sick boy（正确），an ill boy（错误） 3. 核心搭配汇总 文化类：spread Chinese culture, introduce Chinese culture to the world, a symbol of Chinese culture, hold an important place in world culture 传统技艺类：perform Chinese kung fu, play the erhu/pipa, make paper-cuts, make tea, cook traditional food 生活类：have a pain in the knee/stomach, see a doctor, take the medicine, boil the medicine, make a living 饮食类：have a taste of, take the order, serve the dishes, can't stop eating, pay the bill 二、重点句型汇总 1. 提建议句型 Why not + 动词原形...? 例：Why not join the kung fu club? How about + 动名词...? 例：How about going to the museum this weekend? You should + 动词原形... 例：You should try Beijing roast duck when you are in Beijing. Let's + 动词原形... 例：Let's make dumplings together. 2. that 引导的宾语从句句型 主句（一般现在时）+ that + 从句（任何时态） 例：I know that qipao is a traditional Chinese dress. 主句（一般过去时）+ that + 从句（相应的过去时态） 例：He told me that there was going to be a tea show. 常用引导动词：think, believe, hope, say, tell, know, find, feel, agree 3. 描述事物的句型 It looks/smells/tastes/sounds/feels + 形容词 例：The cake looks beautiful and tastes delicious. It is one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词 例：The Great Wall is one of the most famous places of interest in China. It has a history of + 时间段 例：Chinese tea has a history of more than 5,000 years. 4. 形式主语句型 It is + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth. 例：It is important for us to learn about Chinese culture. It is + 形容词 + that 从句 例：It is amazing that Chinese kung fu is so popular around the world. 5. 比较级句型 比较级 + and + 比较级 例：Chinese culture is getting more and more popular around the world. the + 比较级，the + 比较级 例：The more you learn about Chinese culture, the more you will love it. 三、语法知识点汇总 1. 词类转换（Conversion） 核心定义：同一个单词无需添加词缀，仅改变词性和语法功能，核心含义基本不变。 本单元重点类型： a.名词转动词：表示事物的名词转换为表示与该事物相关动作的动词。 例：water（水）→ 浇水；ship（船）→ 运输 b.形容词转动词：表示性质的形容词转换为表示使具有该性质的动词。 例：clean（干净的）→ 打扫；warm（温暖的）→ 使温暖 判断方法：单词在句中作谓语时为动词，作主语、宾语、定语时为名词，作表语、定语时为形容词。 2. that 引导的宾语从句 定义：当一个句子在主句中作宾语时，这个句子就是宾语从句。that 引导的宾语从句用于陈述事实。 核心结构：主句 + 引导词 that + 宾语从句（陈述句语序） 引导词 that 的用法：that 无实际含义，不在从句中作任何成分，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。 时态呼应规则： a.主句为一般现在时，从句可以根据实际情况使用任何时态。 例：She says that she will visit China next year. b.主句为一般过去时，从句必须使用相应的过去时态。 例：She said that she would visit China next year. 语序规则：宾语从句必须使用陈述句语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。 例：I don't know where he lives.（正确） I don't know where does he live.（错误） 3. 一般过去时 用法：表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 yesterday, last week, three months ago, once 等时间状语连用。 动词过去式变化： a.规则变化：一般在动词后加 - ed；以 e 结尾的加 - d；以辅音字母 + y 结尾的，变 y 为 i 加 - ed；重读闭音节结尾，双写最后一个辅音字母加 - ed。 b.不规则变化：需特殊记忆，本单元重点：have→had, learn→learned/learnt, feel→felt, give→gave, tell→told, drink→drank, go→went, spread→spread, make→made, take→took, eat→ate, see→saw, say→said, find→found, leave→left, come→came, write→wrote, read→read 4. 动词不定式的用法 作目的状语：表动作的目的，置于句首或句末。 例：We went to the restaurant to eat Beijing roast duck. 作宾语：后接不定式作宾语的动词：want, hope, decide, plan, learn, try, agree, refuse 等。 例：I want to learn to make dumplings. 作宾语补足语：后接不定式作宾语补足语的动词：tell, ask, want, invite, teach, help 等。 例：My mother taught me to cook noodles. 作定语：修饰名词，置于名词之后。 例：I have a lot of homework to do today. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 11 Fantastic Chinese Culture Lesson 8 Project & Review 一、重点短语梳理 1.品尝；尝一尝 2.在……看来；在……眼中 3.全世界；世界各地 4.形成；产生 5.……的象征 6.在……中占有重要地位 二、词语运用 1.We can learn about the _________ /ˈləʊkl/culture in Chinatowns. 2.This jacket has its own design _________ (character). 3.You need a brush and i_________ to practice calligraphy. 4.We all enjoy the ______ (beautiful) of traditional Chinese art. 5.Many _________ /ˌəʊvəˈsiːz/ Chinese love our traditional culture. 6.Every _________(move) of the brush shows the artist's feelings. 7.This Tang _________(夹克) is fit for the important event. 8.The clothes are _________ (suit) for the traditional festival. 9.The most important f_________ of Gongfu tea is its making skill. 10.The famous _________ (calligraphy) will show his works this weekend. 三、短文填空 Chinese martial arts, also called wushu or kung fu, are 1.________ important part of Chinese culture. They started long ago when ancient Chinese people needed hunting skills and to protect 2.________(they). In order to hunt and fight against wild animals, people 3.________(invent) simple tools and slowly mastered some basic skills, such as cutting and stabbing (刺). With the progress 4.________society, Chinese people have improved these skills and developed them into wushu movements. People practiced the movements and passed them down over centuries. And some of them even turned into 5.________ (value) wushu dances. Because of films and television 6.________ (work), such as the Shaolin Temple, Shaolin kung fu has become famous. Now it’s one of the most well-known Chinese martial arts 7.________ the Shaolin Temple has become a popular place for martial arts fans. Wushu teaches people how 8.________ balance the strength of the body and the mind. It not only helps build a strong body 9.________ also trains mental strength (精神力量). Learners must follow the moral (道德的) rules of respecting others, being responsible and helping others 10.________ (brave). In this way, they help to build a safe and friendly society. 四、阅读理解 The most popular Chinese food in foreign countries Tanghulu gets popular among Koreans. People there try many things in tanghulu, like cucumbers, oranges, sweet potatoes, and sticky rice (糯米) cake. Luosifen is a traditional dish with sour bamboo shoots, the strong smell is the soul (精髓) of luosifen. The skill of making it became a Chinese Intangible Cultural Heritage (非物质文化遗产) in 2021. More and more luosifen restaurants are opened in many foreign countries like the US, Australia, Germany and so on. Latiao is a kind of Chinese spicy (辛辣的) food that is made of gluten (面筋). Although it’s expensive, it’s still popular in foreign countries. For example, a popular one is about $12 (about 87 yuan). Self-heating hot pot is getting popular overseas, too. A food bag, a seasoning bag (调料包) and heating bag are in it. When we add cold water to the pot, the heating bag will become hotter and hotter. It’s like doing a chemistry experiment. So remember to be careful! ( )1. Which is NOT used to make tanghulu according to the passage? A. Onions. B. Sweet potatoes. C. Oranges. ( )2. When did the skill of making luosifen become a Chinese Intangible Cultural Heritage? A. In 2002. B. In 2012. C. In 2021. ( )3. What do you know about latiao? A. There are some vegetables, meat and rice in it. B. It is more expensive in foreign countries than in China. C. Foreigners don’t like eating it because it’s too spicy. ( )4. Why should people be careful with self-heating hot pot? A. Because you may be in danger when using the heating bag. B. Because it’s difficult for people to open it. C. Because foreigners like doing experiments. ( )5. Where can we read this passage? A. In a storybook. B. In a science newspaper. C. In a food magazine.Li Hua 第 1 页 共 2 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 11 Fantastic Chinese Culture Lesson 8 Project & Review 一、短语汉译英 1.have a taste of 2.in the eyes of 3.all over the world 4.come into being 5.a symbol of 6.hold an important place in 二、词语运用 1.local 2.characteristic 3.ink 4.beauty 5.overseas 6.movement 7.jacket 8.suitable 9.feature 10.calligrapher 三、短文填空 1.an 2.themselves 3.invented 4.of 5.valuable 6.works 7.and 8.to 9.but 10.bravely 四、阅读理解 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 11 Fantastic Chinese Culture Lesson 8 Project & Review 知识清单 单词 音标 中文释义 traditional /trəˈdɪʃənl/ adj. 传统的；习俗的 roast /rəʊst/ adj. 烤的；焙的 oven /ˈʌvn/ n. 烤炉；烤箱 skin /skɪn/ n. 皮；皮肤 onion /ˈʌnjən/ n. 洋葱；葱头 invite /ɪnˈvaɪt/ v. 邀请 someday /ˈsʌmdeɪ/ adv. 将来；总有一天 culture /ˈkʌltʃə(r)/ n. 文化 symbol /ˈsɪmbl/ n. 象征；标志 history /ˈhɪstri/ n. 历史 festival /ˈfestɪvl/ n. 节日 custom /ˈkʌstəm/ n. 习俗；风俗 celebrate /ˈselɪbreɪt/ v. 庆祝 experience /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ n. 经历；经验 /v. 体验 amazing /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/ adj. 令人惊奇的 famous /ˈfeɪməs/ adj. 著名的 popular /ˈpɒpjələ(r)/ adj. 受欢迎的 spread /spred/ v. 传播；展开 introduce /ˌɪntrəˈdjuːs/ v. 介绍 treat /triːt/ v. 治疗；对待 pain /peɪn/ n. 疼痛；痛苦 chance /tʃɑːns/ n. 机会；机遇 disappear /ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r)/ v. 消失；不见 examine /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/ v. 检查；检验 stomachache /ˈstʌməkeɪk/ n. 胃痛；腹痛 order /ˈɔːdə(r)/ v. 点餐；命令 /n. 订单；顺序 taste /teɪst/ v. 尝起来；品尝 /n. 味道 serve /sɜːv/ v. 服务；招待 delicious /dɪˈlɪʃəs/ adj. 美味的；可口的 短语 中文释义 短语 中文释义 have a taste of 尝一尝；品尝 in the eyes of 在…看来；在…眼中 all over the world 全世界 come into being 形成；产生 a symbol of …… 的象征 hold an important place in 在…中占有重要地位 be famous for 因…… 而著名 be known as 作为…… 而闻名 pass down 传承；流传 make a living 谋生；维持生计 rely on 依靠；依赖 between...and... 在…… 和…… 之间 many types of 许多种类的 cool...down 使…冷却；使…冷静 free one's mind 放松心情 make a mistake 犯错；出错 dress oneself 自己穿衣服 make tea 泡茶；沏茶 cheer sb. on 为某人加油 spring rolls 春卷 have a pain in/on （身体某部位）疼痛 by chance 偶然；碰巧 no longer 不再 a pack of 一包；一盒 as we know 众所周知 after a short while 过了一会儿 come up to 走近；走到…… 跟前 take the order 点餐；接受订单 two more 再来两个 can't stop doing 忍不住做某事 be filled with 装满；充满 introduce sth. to sb. 向某人介绍某物 be excited about 对…… 感到兴奋 perform Chinese kung fu 表演中国功夫 play the erhu 拉二胡 write a short play 写一个短剧 be good at 擅长 take part in 参加 get together 聚在一起 family tradition 家族传统 traditional Chinese medicine 中医 Chinese herbal medicine 中草药 the Silk Road 丝绸之路 Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal 京杭大运河 Beijing roast duck 北京烤鸭 flag-raising ceremony 升旗仪式 1.Qipao is a traditional dress for Chinese women and it has beautiful embroideries on it. 旗袍是中国女性的传统服饰，上面有精美的刺绣。 2.The Silk Road helped spread Chinese culture to different countries around the world. 丝绸之路帮助中国文化传播到了世界各地的不同国家。 3.I heard that there was going to be a show about the Silk Road in the museum. 我听说博物馆里会有一场关于丝绸之路的展览。 4.As we know, traditional Chinese medicine has a history of thousands of years. 众所周知，中医有着数千年的历史。 5.Beijing roast duck is one of the most famous traditional foods in China. 北京烤鸭是中国最著名的传统美食之一。 6.It looks golden and beautiful and tastes delicious with sweet sauce and pancakes. 它看起来金黄漂亮，配上甜酱和薄饼味道鲜美。 7.Chinese culture holds an important place in the world culture. 中国文化在世界文化中占有重要地位。 8.In the eyes of many foreigners, Chinese kung fu is a symbol of China. 在许多外国人看来，中国功夫是中国的象征。 9.These traditional skills have come into being for hundreds of years and are passed down from generation to generation. 这些传统技艺已经形成了数百年，并代代相传。 10.You should have a taste of Beijing roast duck when you visit Beijing. 当你参观北京时，你应该尝一尝北京烤鸭。 11.We have so many talented classmates who can perform Chinese kung fu and play musical instruments. 我们有这么多有才华的同学，他们会表演中国功夫和演奏乐器。 12.The doctor told me to boil the medicine with water and drink the soup twice a day. 医生告诉我把药用水煮，然后一天喝两次汤。 13.After a short while, the pain in my knee disappeared and I felt much better. 过了一会儿，我膝盖的疼痛消失了，感觉好多了。 14.My cousin couldn't stop eating Beijing roast duck because it was so delicious. 我表弟忍不住一直吃北京烤鸭，因为它太好吃了。 15.I hope you can visit China one day and I will take you to try all kinds of traditional Chinese food. 我希望有一天你能来中国，我会带你尝遍各种中国传统美食。 一、重难点词汇汇总 1. 兼类词核心总结 原词 转换后词性 核心含义 例句 water（n. 水） v. 浇水 Farmers use waterwheels to water crops. ship（n. 船） v. 运输 People shipped goods through the Grand Canal. clean（adj. 干净的） v. 打扫 We clean our houses before the Spring Festival. correct（adj. 正确的） v. 纠正 We should correct our mistakes in time. warm（adj. 温暖的） v. 使温暖 Kind words warm people's hearts. dress（n. 连衣裙） v. 穿衣服 She can dress herself at the age of five. trade（n. 贸易） v. 交易 Businessmen trade goods along the Silk Road. hand（n. 手） v. 传递 Please hand me a cup of tea. cool（adj. 凉爽的） v. 使冷却 Hot tea can cool us down in summer. free（adj. 自由的） v. 释放；放松 Listening to music can free our minds. 2. 易混词辨析 1.be famous for / be known as ·be famous for：因…… 而著名（后接原因、特点） 例：Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake. ·be known as：作为…… 而闻名（后接身份、称号） 例：Lu Xun is known as a great writer. 2.instead / instead of ·instead：副词，单独使用，置于句首或句末 例：I don't like coffee. I'll have tea instead. ·instead of：介词短语，后接名词、代词或动名词 例：I'll have tea instead of coffee. 3.excited / exciting ·excited：修饰人，表 “感到兴奋的” 例：We are excited about the coming holiday. ·exciting：修饰事物，表 “令人兴奋的” 例：The news is very exciting. 4.ill / sick ·ill：只能作表语，不能作定语 ·sick：既可作表语，也可作定语 例：a sick boy（正确），an ill boy（错误） 3. 核心搭配汇总 文化类：spread Chinese culture, introduce Chinese culture to the world, a symbol of Chinese culture, hold an important place in world culture 传统技艺类：perform Chinese kung fu, play the erhu/pipa, make paper-cuts, make tea, cook traditional food 生活类：have a pain in the knee/stomach, see a doctor, take the medicine, boil the medicine, make a living 饮食类：have a taste of, take the order, serve the dishes, can't stop eating, pay the bill 二、重点句型汇总 1. 提建议句型 Why not + 动词原形...? 例：Why not join the kung fu club? How about + 动名词...? 例：How about going to the museum this weekend? You should + 动词原形... 例：You should try Beijing roast duck when you are in Beijing. Let's + 动词原形... 例：Let's make dumplings together. 2. that 引导的宾语从句句型 主句（一般现在时）+ that + 从句（任何时态） 例：I know that qipao is a traditional Chinese dress. 主句（一般过去时）+ that + 从句（相应的过去时态） 例：He told me that there was going to be a tea show. 常用引导动词：think, believe, hope, say, tell, know, find, feel, agree 3. 描述事物的句型 It looks/smells/tastes/sounds/feels + 形容词 例：The cake looks beautiful and tastes delicious. It is one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词 例：The Great Wall is one of the most famous places of interest in China. It has a history of + 时间段 例：Chinese tea has a history of more than 5,000 years. 4. 形式主语句型 It is + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth. 例：It is important for us to learn about Chinese culture. It is + 形容词 + that 从句 例：It is amazing that Chinese kung fu is so popular around the world. 5. 比较级句型 比较级 + and + 比较级 例：Chinese culture is getting more and more popular around the world. the + 比较级，the + 比较级 例：The more you learn about Chinese culture, the more you will love it. 三、语法知识点汇总 1. 词类转换（Conversion） 核心定义：同一个单词无需添加词缀，仅改变词性和语法功能，核心含义基本不变。 本单元重点类型： a.名词转动词：表示事物的名词转换为表示与该事物相关动作的动词。 例：water（水）→ 浇水；ship（船）→ 运输 b.形容词转动词：表示性质的形容词转换为表示使具有该性质的动词。 例：clean（干净的）→ 打扫；warm（温暖的）→ 使温暖 判断方法：单词在句中作谓语时为动词，作主语、宾语、定语时为名词，作表语、定语时为形容词。 2. that 引导的宾语从句 定义：当一个句子在主句中作宾语时，这个句子就是宾语从句。that 引导的宾语从句用于陈述事实。 核心结构：主句 + 引导词 that + 宾语从句（陈述句语序） 引导词 that 的用法：that 无实际含义，不在从句中作任何成分，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。 时态呼应规则： a.主句为一般现在时，从句可以根据实际情况使用任何时态。 例：She says that she will visit China next year. b.主句为一般过去时，从句必须使用相应的过去时态。 例：She said that she would visit China next year. 语序规则：宾语从句必须使用陈述句语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。 例：I don't know where he lives.（正确） I don't know where does he live.（错误） 3. 一般过去时 用法：表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 yesterday, last week, three months ago, once 等时间状语连用。 动词过去式变化： a.规则变化：一般在动词后加 - ed；以 e 结尾的加 - d；以辅音字母 + y 结尾的，变 y 为 i 加 - ed；重读闭音节结尾，双写最后一个辅音字母加 - ed。 b.不规则变化：需特殊记忆，本单元重点：have→had, learn→learned/learnt, feel→felt, give→gave, tell→told, drink→drank, go→went, spread→spread, make→made, take→took, eat→ate, see→saw, say→said, find→found, leave→left, come→came, write→wrote, read→read 4. 动词不定式的用法 作目的状语：表动作的目的，置于句首或句末。 例：We went to the restaurant to eat Beijing roast duck. 作宾语：后接不定式作宾语的动词：want, hope, decide, plan, learn, try, agree, refuse 等。 例：I want to learn to make dumplings. 作宾语补足语：后接不定式作宾语补足语的动词：tell, ask, want, invite, teach, help 等。 例：My mother taught me to cook noodles. 作定语：修饰名词，置于名词之后。 例：I have a lot of homework to do today. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $