衔接点02 冠词（讲义，全国通用）英语小升初衔接

衔接点02 冠词（小初考点差异及衔接） 小学视角 初中展望 1.掌握冠词的基本形式（a / an / the）以及最简单的使用规则 2.区分不定冠词 a /an 3.记住the最常用场景 1.掌握a/an/the/ 零冠词全套使用规则 2.根据语境、逻辑、固定搭配、抽象概念、地理名称等判断是否使用冠词以及用哪个冠词 衔接引导 小学阶段：主要侧重认识 a/an、the，区分基础用法，依托简单词汇和固定句式套用冠词，仅依靠单词首字母、常见搭配判断选用。题目以基础题型为主，难度低、考点单一。常见题型为： ①单项选择题。 ②选词填空（选用 a/an/the）。 ③根据图片 / 句意补全单词、短句填空。 ④简单句子仿写。 初中阶段：要求学生系统掌握 a/an、定冠词 the、零冠词全套用法，能结合发音音素、泛指特指、语境含义、固定短语辨析综合判断，考点更细致、陷阱更多，出题形式灵活且综合性强。题型覆盖面更广，贯穿各类语法题型。主要题型为： ①单项选择题（易混辨析为主）。 ②语法填空（无选项裸填冠词）。 ③短文填空、完形填空（结合上下文语境判断）。 ④句子改错、短文改错（排查冠词漏用、误用、多用）。 ⑤书面表达（写作中规范使用冠词）。 小学冠词考点梳理 一、不定冠词 a /an 核心规则：a 用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an 用于元音音素开头的单词前，二者都表示 “一个”，修饰单数可数名词，表泛指。 考点分类 具体用法 例句 1. a 的用法 用于辅音音素开头的单数名词前 This is a book. 2. an 的用法 用于元音音素开头的单数名词前 That is an orange. 3. 表类别 指代某一类人或事物 A dog is cute. 4. 表数量 “每一” 用于表达频率、计量 I go to school five days a week. 二、定冠词 the 核心规则：表特指，意为 “这个 / 那个 / 这些 / 那些”，可修饰单数、复数名词。 考点分类 具体用法 例句 1. 双方都知晓的人或事物 谈话双方都清楚所指对象 Open the door, please.请打开门。 2. 上文已经提到过的人 / 物 再次提及前文出现过的名词 I have a cat. The cat is white.我有一只猫。这只猫是白色的。 3. 特指某一个（有修饰词限定） 名词前有形容词等限定 I like the red bag.我喜欢这个红色的包。 4. 世界上独一无二的事物 太阳、月亮、地球等专有事物 The sun is bright.阳光明媚。 5. 乐器名称前 弹奏、演奏乐器，乐器前必须加 the She can play the piano.她会弹钢琴。 三、不用冠词的情况（小学常见） 核心规则：名词前不使用任何冠词，小学阶段重点记忆固定搭配与常规场景。 考点分类 具体用法 例句 复数名词表示一类（泛指） 复数泛指时不加 a/an/the Apples are my favourite.苹果是我的。最爱 不可数名词泛指 水、牛奶、面包等前不加 a/an（可用 some） Milk is healthy.牛奶很健康。 三餐前（breakfast, lunch, dinner） 不加冠词 We have breakfast at 7 o'clock.我们七点吃早餐。 球类运动 play + 球类，不加 the He plays basketball every day.他每天打篮球。 棋类 play + 棋类，不加 the She can play chess.她会下棋。 学科名称 math, English, science 等前不加冠词 She studies math and English.她学习数学和英语。 语言名称 Chinese, English 等前不加冠词 I speak Chinese.我说中文。 国家名称（大多数） China, America, Japan 等前不加冠词 He is from China.他来自中国。 人名前 Tom, Lucy 等前不加冠词 Tom is my friend.汤姆是我的朋友。 by + 交通工具 by bus, by car, by bike 等中间无冠词 She goes to school by bus.她坐公交车上学。 冠词词组 一、不定冠词 a / an 的固定搭配 固定搭配 含义 例句 have a look 看一看 Let me have a look at your picture. 让我看一看你的画。 have a cold 感冒 She has a cold and stays at home.她感冒了，待在家里。 have a fever 发烧 He has a fever today.他今天发烧了。 have a headache 头疼 I have a headache.我头疼。 have a good time 玩得开心 We had a good time at the zoo.我们在动物园玩得很开心。 have a rest 休息一下 You are tired. Please have a rest.你累了，请休息一下。 have a swim 游泳 Let's have a swim in the pool.我们去游泳池游泳吧。 have a walk 散步 They have a walk after dinner.他们晚饭后散步。 take a shower 洗淋浴 I take a shower every morning.我每天早上洗淋浴。 take a bath 泡澡 She takes a bath before bed.她睡觉前泡个澡。 take a break 休息一下 Let's take a break.我们休息一下吧。 take a seat 坐下 Please take a seat.请坐。 give a hand 帮忙 Can you give a hand?你能帮个忙吗？ make a wish 许愿 Make a wish before blowing out candles.吹蜡烛前许个愿。 a lot of 许多 There are a lot of books on the shelf.架子上有许多书。 a pair of 一双/一对 I need a pair of new shoes.我需要一双新鞋。 a piece of 一张/一块 She eats a piece of bread.她吃了一块面包。 a little 一点儿（修饰不可数名词） There is a little water in the cup.杯子里有一点水。 a few 几个（修饰可数名词） I have a few friends.我有几个朋友。 a kind of 一种 A tiger is a kind of animal.老虎是一种动物。 in a hurry 匆忙地 He went to school in a hurry.他匆忙地去上学了。 for a while 一会儿 Wait for a while.等一会儿。 once upon a time 从前 Once upon a time, there was a princess.从前，有一位公主。 as a result 结果 He didn't study, as a result, he failed.他没学习，结果他不及格。 二、定冠词 the 的固定搭配 固定搭配 含义 例句 in the morning 在早上 I get up at 7 in the morning.我早上七点起床。 in the afternoon 在下午 We have PE class in the afternoon.我们下午有体育课。 in the evening 在晚上 She does her homework in the evening.她晚上做作业。 at the same time 同时 They arrived at the same time.他们同时到达。 on the left / right 在左边/右边 The hospital is on the left.医院在左边。 all the time 一直 The baby cries all the time.宝宝一直在哭。 by the way 顺便说一下 By the way, what's your name?顺便问一下，你叫什么名字？ go to the cinema 去看电影 Let's go to the cinema tonight.我们今晚去看电影吧。 go to the park 去公园 They go to the park on Sundays.他们周日去公园。 go to the zoo 去动物园 We go to the zoo this weekend.我们这个周末去动物园。 listen to the radio 听收音机 Grandpa likes listening to the radio.爷爷喜欢听收音机。 play the piano 弹钢琴 She plays the piano very well.她钢琴弹得很好。 play the guitar 弹吉他 He plays the guitar in a band.他在乐队里弹吉他。 play the violin 拉小提琴 My sister plays the violin.我妹妹拉小提琴。 tell the truth 说实话 You should tell the truth.你应该说实话。 tell the time 看时间 Can your son tell the time?你儿子会看时间吗？ on the way 在路上 I met a friend on the way home.我在回家的路上遇到一个朋友。 the day after tomorrow 后天 We will leave the day after tomorrow.我们后天出发。 the day before yesterday 前天 He came back the day before yesterday.他前天回来的。 the day before 前一天 She arrived the day before.她前一天到达。 三、零冠词（不用冠词）的固定搭配 固定搭配 含义 例句 at home 在家 I stay at home on weekends.我周末待在家里。 at school 在学校 He is at school now.他现在在学校。 at work 在工作 My dad is at work.我爸爸在工作。 go to school 去上学 It's time to go to school.该去上学了。 go to bed 去睡觉 I go to bed at 9 o'clock.我九点上床睡觉。 go to hospital 去医院（看病） She is ill and goes to hospital.她生病了，去医院。 go to church 去教堂 They go to church on Sundays.他们周日去教堂。 by bus / by car / by train / by bike 乘坐公交/汽车/火车/自行车 She goes to school by bus.她乘公交车上学。 on foot 步行 He goes to school on foot.他步行上学。 play football / basketball / volleyball 踢足球/打篮球/打排球 Boys like playing football.男孩们喜欢踢足球。 play chess 下棋 Grandpa likes playing chess.爷爷喜欢下棋。 have breakfast / lunch / dinner 吃早餐/午餐/晚餐 We have breakfast at 7:00.我们七点吃早餐。 have supper 吃晚餐 They have supper at 6:30.他们六点半吃晚餐。 have dinner 吃正餐/晚餐 Let's have dinner together.我们一起吃晚餐吧。 in class 在课堂上 Don't talk in class.课堂上不要讲话。 after class 课后 We play games after class.课后我们玩游戏。 after school 放学后 I do homework after school.我放学后做作业。 at night 在夜晚 The moon shines at night.月亮在夜晚发光。 at noon 在中午 We eat lunch at noon.我们中午吃午饭。 at midnight 在午夜 He sleeps at midnight.他午夜睡觉。 for example 例如 For example, apples are healthy.例如，苹果很健康。 in fact 事实上 In fact, I like coffee.事实上，我喜欢咖啡。 day and night 日日夜夜 He works day and night.他日日夜夜地工作。 face to face 面对面 They talked face to face.他们面对面交谈。 典例示范 1．You are ________ member of the reading club. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．I see ________ interesting movie. ________ movie is about life in the future. A．a; The B．an; The C．the; A D．an; A 3．Peter will go to ________ Spain after ________ National Day holiday. A．the; / B．the; the C．/; the D．the; a 4．—Who is ________ scientist in the picture? —He is Yuan Longping, a great rice scientist. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 5．Gina often goes to ________ work after ________ breakfast. A．the; the B．/; the C．/; / 即学即练习 1．There is ________ elephant in the zoo. ________ elephant is from Africa. A．a；The B．an； The C．a； An 2．—Look, this is ________ one-way street. You mustn’t drive in. —Oh, sorry. I didn’t see the sign. A．a B．an C．the 3．I came to know him from ___________ interview programme on CCTV-1. A．a B．an C．the D．／ 4．—What does she usually do after ________ dinner? —She takes ________ shower. A．the;the B．a;the C．a;/ D．/;a 5．________ UK is facing some environmental problems because of extreme weather. A．A B．An C．The D．/ 6．I use ________ app to learn English, and ________ app is very useful. A．a; the B．an; the C．a; an D．the; an 7．The book on desk is our teacher's. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 8．_________ Earth is bigger than _________ Moon. A．A, a B．An, a C．The, the D．/, / 9．Marie Curie was ________ first woman to win a Nobel Prize. A．a B．an C．the D．/ A．a B．an C．the 易混易错 （一）不定冠词 a /an 混用（小学最高频错题） 核心误区：只看单词首字母，不看发音（音素），误以为元音字母开头就用 an，辅音字母开头就用 a。 （二）定冠词 the 漏用、多用 易错 1：乐器 vs 球类运动 混淆（必考对比） 规则：乐器前加 the；球类、棋类前不加 the 易错 2：世界独有事物漏加 the 规则：sun、moon、earth 等独一无二的事物，前面必须加 the 正解：The sun is big. 易错 3：重复加 the / 多余使用 （三）零冠词场景误用（该不加却乱加） 易错 1：by + 交通工具 多加冠词 易错 2：三餐前多加 the 易错 3：固定短语 go to school 多加 the （四）泛指与特指判断失误 规则：第一次提到人 / 物用 a/an（泛指），再次提到用 the（特指） 解题方略 通用解题方略（分步解题法，简单易记） 第一步：判断名词类型，排除基础错误 看名词：复数名词 / 不可数名词，一般不用 a/an； 牢记：a/an 和 the 不能同时放在一个名词前，直接排除此类选项。 第二步：区分 a 和 an（口诀记忆） 口诀：不看字母看发音，元音音素用 an，辅音音素用 a 【基础通关】 一、单项选择 1．I am ________ English teacher and I work in ________ university. A．a; an B．a; a C．an; an D．an; a 2．I have ________ aunt and she plays ________ Chinese chess really well. A．a; the B．an; / C．an; the D．a; / 3．My sister Alice can’t play ________ piano, but she can play ________ chess. A．the; the B．the; / C．the; a D．/; the 4．I’ve played ________ piano for an hour. Can I go out to play ________ baseball with Peter now? A．the; / B．/; the C．/, / D．the; the 5．—Do you know ________ girl in a long skirt? —Yes, she is Jane. She plays ________ volleyball very well. A．a; / B．the; / C．the; the D．a; the 6．—How about ________ this afternoon? —Sorry, I have to have piano lessons. A．play tennis B．playing tennis C．play the tennis D．playing the tennis 7．The boy can’t play ________ piano, but he can play ________ table tennis. A．/; the B．the; / C．the; the D．/; / 8．I’ve played ________ violin for an hour. Can I go out to play ________ football with Jim now? A．/; the B．the; / C．the; the D．/; / 9．Ben cannot play ________ tennis, but he can play ________ violin well. A．the; the B．/; / C．the; / D．/; the 10．Ben cannot play ________ volleyball, but he can play ________ violin well. A．the; the B．/; / C．the; / D．/; the 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Hello, my name is Ning Chen. I am twelve 16 old. I am in Class One, 17 Seven. I like music. It is 18 . I like to 19 to music every day. And I often play the guitar in a music band. But I don’t like 20 sports. Sports are difficult for me. I 21 a good friend at school. 22 name is Bill Brown. Bill Brown is 23 English boy. He is eleven. He lives with his family in China. He really likes 24 food——Beijing roast duck, beef noodles...So Bill and I often share (分享) delicious food together. Would you like to 25 with us? Can you tell me your favourite sport and food? 16．A．years B．numbers C．names D．classes 17．A．Class B．Hour C．Grade D．Time 18．A．bad B．big C．boring D．fun 19．A．listen B．look C．go D．turn 20．A．meeting B．playing C．finding D．spelling 21．A．greet B．call C．have D．eat 22．A．My B．His C．Her D．Their 23．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 24．A．English B．Chinese C．American D．Japanese 25．A．make friends B．say goodbye C．sing songs D．have classes 三、短文填空 When Anna entered Grade 7, she fell in love 26 badminton. At first, she used 27 old racket. Her mum noticed her passion and bought her a new one. To improve, Anna also tried running in the park every morning. Practice 28 (make) perfect. Now, she often plays in the school gym with her friends, and sometimes they try skateboarding too. It’s a cool way to work out! Last term, Anna wanted 29 (join) the school badminton team. So she practised 30 (play) harder than before. When she felt too tired to hold on, her classmates told her to keep going. With their support, Anna became confident and won a place on the team. Yesterday, 31 (Anna) team had a badminton game against No. 2 Middle School. So she practised very carefully. Look, Anna’s racket is pink, while the black one on the ground is not 32 (her)—it belongs to Lucy. She picked it up 33 gave it to Lucy. After the game, Anna felt full of energy! Among all sports, badminton brings Anna the most joy. She hopes that she can 34 (become) the best player in Grade 8 and maybe try volleyball someday—what a fun sport! She said, “Although sometimes it’s 35 (difficulty), if you try, you can make it.” 【培优提升】 一、单项选择 1．—Do you know ________ new Chinese space plane? —Yes. It is ________ unusual invention in 2026. A．the; an B．a; an C．the; a D．a; a 2．His home was ________ small house at ________ side of a big town. A．a; an B．a; / C．a; the D．an; a 3． —What’s this?     —It’s ________ orange. ________ orange is orange. A．an, An B．a, The C．an, The D．/, A 4．NeZha 2 is such _________ amazing film and I want to see it _________ second time! A．a; a B．a; an C．a; the D．an; a 5．“Nezha 2: The Demon Child Battles the Sea” is ________ exciting movie and it continues ________ amazing story of Nezha. A．an; the B．a; an C．an; an D．a; the 6．—My dream is to build a school on ________ moon some day. —It sounds like________ unusual dream. I wish you could make it come true. A．the; a B．a; the C．an; the D．the; an 7．—How do you like ________ film Kungfu Panda? —It is so wonderful that I want to see it for a second time. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 8．—Do you know ________ girl with short hair? —Yes, she is my sister Amy. She is playing ________ guitar with her friends. A．a; the B．the; / C．the; the D．a; / 9．—What do you think of ________ film Pegasus 3《飞驰人生3》? —It is so wonderful! And it is my ________ third time to see it. A．a; the B．a; / C．the; the D．the; / 10．Simon lives in ________ Sixth Street. He is ________ first to get to school every day. He always comes ________ first in the exams in his class. A．the; the; the B．/; the; the C．the; the; / D．/; the; / 二、完形填空 I’m a schoolboy and I live in a small town. It is a beautiful 11 in Shandong. I like it 12 I also like my neighborhood. There is 13 zoo in my neighborhood. I often go to the zoo 14 weekends. I like animals very much. My parents also like animals so I usually go there with 15 . There 16 many animals in the zoo—pandas, tigers and lions. I like pandas very much 17 they are very cute. And they are very quiet, so many people call them “the 18 girls”. Look! We can see two dolphins (海豚) 19 in a pool. They are 20 and they like to play with people. We can also 21 some other animals. And I can learn a lot about animals. For example, dolphins can dance to the music and pandas sometimes 22 meat when they are very hungry (饥饿的). I have a good friend and her name is Linda. She is from the US. She likes animals, too. 23 favorite animal is koalas. She thinks koalas are very friendly. But I think koalas are very 24 because they sleep all day. She 25 drawing pictures of animals: What is your favorite animal? 11．A．hotel B．place C．park D．school 12．A．and B．but C．so D．or 13．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 14．A．in B．for C．on D．by 15．A．them B．it C．you D．him 16．A．is B．are C．am D．be 17．A．so B．when C．because D．but 18．A．shy B．interesting C．healthy D．friendly 19．A．speaking B．swimming C．listening D．running 20．A．boring B．easy C．difficult D．funny 21．A．look B．take C．see D．read 22．A．sell B．bring C．buy D．eat 23．A．Her B．His C．My D．Your 24．A．smart B．lazy C．beautiful D．scary 25．A．enjoys B．dresses C．plays D．cleans 三、短文填空 There is 26 small restaurant near our school. It’s called Healthy Home. It serves all kinds of healthy food, and many students like to eat there after school. The 27 (wait) and waitresses in the restaurant are very friendly, and they always 28 (serve) food quickly. The restaurant uses fresh vegetables and meat to cook all the 29 (dish). They put less oil and salt in the food, so it’s good 30 our health. The menu of the restaurant is simple 31 healthy. For breakfast, you can have porridge, steamed bread and boiled eggs. For lunch and dinner, you can choose rice, noodles, different kinds of vegetables and a little fish or meat. 32 ( I ) favorite food in the restaurant is tomato and egg noodles. They are delicious and not too expensive. A bowl of tomato and egg noodles is only 12 yuan. I often go there with my classmates. We usually order noodles and a small bowl of fruit salad. The fruit salad is made with fresh apples, bananas and strawberries. It’s sweet and healthy. The boss of the restaurant is a kind man. He often 33 (tell) us that we should keep a good eating habit. He says fast food is bad for us, so we should eat 34 (little) of it. He also gives us some 35 (advise): eat more vegetables and fruit, drink enough water, and have three meals on time every day. 初中冠词考点梳理 1.不定冠词a/an的用法（a用于辅音音素开头的词前，an 用于元音音素开头的词前。 注意：区别元/辅音字母和元/辅音音素） 用法 示例 泛指某一类人或事物中的一个或一类 My mother bought me a book. 用于首次提到的单数可数名词前 I went to the shop and bought a watch. 用于泛指人或物的身份或性质 A teacher can influence many students. 用于序数词前表示“又一，再一” After reading the story， he wants to read a second time. 用于替代弱化的one“一” I have an umbrella. 表示“每一”，相当于every He goes to the shop three times a week. 用于可视为一个整体的两个名词前 He ate with a knife and fork. 用于物质名词前，表示“一杯、一份、一阵”等 What a heavy rain it was！ 【拓展】常见的易混用不定冠词a和an的情况 易混类别 示例 Aa an actor， an apple， an artist， an amazing singer， an American writer， an astronaut Ee an egg， an eight-year-old girl， an exciting job， an eleven-year-old girl 【易错】a European country i an idea， an interesting story， an important part o an old man， an orange one， an outgoing girl　【易错】a one-month holiday Uu an umbrella， an unusual experience， an unhappy girl， an ugly man 【易错】a UFO， a unit， a university， a useless/useful suggestion， a usual trip 英文字母前 26个英文字母中，前面用an的有：a， e， f， h， i， l， m， n， o， r， s， x（口诀助记：Mr. Li has one fox） 特别记 an honest boy， an hour， an honor， a hero 易混助记： ①在部分数词前要用an，主要有8，18，80，800，11等。如： An 18-year-old girl finished the dance competition successfully. 一个18岁的女孩成功地完成了舞蹈比赛。 ②In a university，a European and a one-eyed man walked with a useful tool. This is a usual thing. 在一所大学里，一个欧洲人和一个一只眼的人拿着一件有用的工具走着。这是一件平常之事。 ③An hour ago，an honest man accepted an unusual gift and went to finish an honorable task. 一个小时以前，一个诚实的人接受了一件非同寻常的礼物，然后去完成一项光荣的任务。 2.定冠词the的用法 用法 示例 特指说话双方都知道的人或物 She went to the supermarket to buy some fruit. 用在单数可数名词前表一类人或者事物 The train goes faster than the bus. 指上文提过的人或物 There is a bed in the room. And the bed is mine. 用在next， last， same， only等词前 I’m the only child in my family. 用在世界上独一无二的事物前 The sun is shining brightly. 用于序数词或形容词和副词最高级前 He is the tallest boy in his class. 用于江河、海洋、湖泊、山脉、群岛等名称之前 the Pacific Ocean；the Yellow River；the Yangtze River 用在乐器名称前 She likes playing the piano. 用于形容词前，表一类人或事物 The young should help the old. 用于姓氏复数前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇两人” The Greens will go boating with us. 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前 the Great Wall；the Summer Palace；the United States 用在年代前 in the 1980s 【口诀助记】冠词的用法口诀 名词有两＂冠＂，定冠不定冠，定冠就是the，不定a和an。 先分特泛指，确定大路线。泛指不定无，特指the定冠。 泛指可数单，须用a或an；辅音前用a，an在元音前； 复数不可数，泛指不用冠；前有代词限；冠词不再见。 复数不可数，泛指不用冠；前有代词限；冠词不再见。 3.零冠词的用法 用法 示例 表示泛指意义的物质名词、抽象名词前 Money can’t buy you happiness. 在一日三餐、球类运动、语言、棋类、学科等名词前 have supper；play football；play chess；learn English 不可数名词、复数名词前（泛指某类人或事物时） Children like animals. 在星期、月份、季节、西方节日前 （注意：我国含有“Festival”的传统节日前，要加定冠词the，如the Mid-Autumn Festival） on Friday；in March；in spring；Mother’s Day 在称呼语、职位、头衔等名词前 We made him manager of the company. 人名、地名、街道名、城市名、州、省、机场以及大多数大学、公园等专有名词前 Beijing Street；Baiyun Airport 名词前已有this， that， my， your， some， any， every， each等限定词修饰时 My pen is much more expensive than yours. 与by连用的交通工具名词前 by train， by bus 【口诀助记】零冠词用法口诀 下列情况应免冠，名词之前代词限； 专有名词不可数，学科球棋三餐饭； 复数名词表泛指，星月节日四季前； 颜色语种和国名，习语称呼及头衔。 4.冠词固定搭配 No.1 定冠词的固定搭配 定冠词the的常用固定搭配 at the same time同时 at the moment此刻 all the year round一年到头 all the time一直 at the age of...在...岁时 at the beginning/end of...在...结束时 in the end最后，终于 in the daytime在白天 by the way顺便问一下 for the time being暂时 go to the cinema去看电影 go to the doctor's去看医生 in the public eye广为人知的 in the habit of习惯于 in the distance在远处 in the way挡路 on the whole总的来说 make the most/best of充分利用 on the right/left在右/左面 the other day前几天 on the radio/phone通过无线电/电话 to tell (you) the truth说实话 in the form of...以......的形式 on the spot在场；到场；立即；马上； with the help of...在......的帮助下 the next day第二天 not in the least (＝not at all)一点也不 on the way to...在去......的路上 on the eve of...在......的前夕 in the habit of...有......的习惯 on the other hand...另一方面…… on the whole总的来说 to the point中肯，切题 No.2不定冠词的固定搭配 不定冠词的常用固定搭配 at a loss困惑，不知所措 as a result因此 as a rule通常，照例 as a matter of fact事实上 after a while一会儿后 at a distance离一段距离，从远处 all of a sudden突然 a waste of ... ……的浪费 a matter of ... ……的问题 a collection of一批…… a knowledge of (＝know)知道 an understanding of (＝understand)懂得 a great many许多 at a time每次 as a whole总的来说 after a while一会儿之后 have a good time玩得高兴 have a holiday度假 have a cold患感冒 have/take a rest休息一下 have a gift for有……的天赋 in a hurry匆忙地 in a word总之 on a diet节食 in a moment立刻 in a sense在某种意义上 have a population of有……人口 for a while暂时，一时 go on a diet节食 have a history of有……的历史 get a lift/ride搭便车 make/earn a living谋生 once in a while偶尔 once upon a time从前 make an effort 努力 make an apology道歉 have a good time过得愉快 have a word with...与......交谈 take an interest in...对......感兴趣 No.3零冠词的固定搭配 at risk 有危险 ahead of time 提前 by mistake 错误地，无意地 by chance/accident 碰巧地 catch fire 着火 at last最终 in debt 负债 in place 在恰当的位置 give way to 给……让路 in danger 处于危险之中 take part in 参加 out of control 失控 lose heart 灰心 lose heart 灰心 out of work 失业 face to face 面对面地 on time按时 day and night 夜以继日地 take care of照顾 take office就职 with pleasure高兴地 set fire to放火 do harm to...对......有害 after school放学后 in advance 提前 heart and soul 全心全意地 come into power/effect开始执政/生效 at dawn/noon/dusk在黎明/正午/黄昏 in time及时 take pride in...以......为自豪 for example 例如 from morning till night 从早到晚 under repair 处于维修中 on purpose 故意地 No.4固定搭配中含有零冠词和定冠词意义不同的情况 out of the question不可能 out of question毫无疑问 in future今后 in the future将来 in the front of在......的前面（在参照物里） in front of在......的前面（和参照物不相连） in case of以防，万一 in the case of就某人或某事而言 go to class/hospital/school上课/住院/上学 go to the class/hospital/school到课堂/医院/学校 in bed/church/prison/town睡觉/作礼拜/进监狱 in the bed/church/prison/town在床上/在教堂/在监狱里 take advice征求意见 take the advice听从建议 take place发生 take the place of代替 in place of代替 in the place of在......的地方 by day在白天 by the day按日计算 in sight of看见 in the sight of据......的见解 sit at table吃饭 sit at the table在桌旁 in charge of主管，负责 in the charge of在......的看管之下 in possession of拥有 in the possession of...被......所拥有 典例示范 1．I have ________ talk with my parents because I have ________ sweet tooth and it is bad for my health. A．a; the B．the; a C．a, a D．the; the 2．There is ________ “u” and ________ “s” in the word “bus”. A．a;a B．an;an C．a;an D．an;a 3．—What do you think of ________ film Nezha Ⅱ? —It is so wonderful! And it is my ________ third time to watch it. A．a; the B．a; / C．the; the D．the; / 4．Playing chess after school is ________ great fun for him. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 5．—Where’s the local theatre? —It’s ________ east of the park, just in ________ front of the post office. A．the; the B．/; the C．the; / D．/; / 即学即练习 1．Jenny had ________ interview for a job, so she didn’t go to ________ new shopping mall with her parents. A．the; a B．a; the C．an; the D．an; a 2．_________ prize for the winner of the competition is a two-week holiday in Paris, _________ European city with many great attractions. A．A; a B．The; a C．A; an D．The; an 3．Sue is _____exchange student from ____ USA．She is _____best student. A．a; a; a B．an; an; an C．the; the; the D．an; the; the 4．The film is worth seeing ________ second time as it reminds me of ________ happy old days I spent in the country. A．the; / B．a; the C．a;/ D．the; the 5．Huai’an is a beautiful place and _________ place is worth _________ visit. A．a; a B．a; the C．the; the D．the; a 6．This is ________ English book and ________ English book is green. A．a; an B．an; the C．the; an D．an; an 7．—Put ________ waste bag in the dustbin. —It’s not ________ waste bag. It’s my shopping bag. A．a; the B．the; a C．/; a D．/; / 8．_______ second Sunday in May is Mother’s Day. It’s _______ special day for children to show their love to their mothers. A．A; the B．The; a C．/; a D．/; the 易混易错 易错点 1：a /an 发音判断失误（最高频错题） 口诀：不见元音不加 an，只看发音不看字母 易错点 2：乐器 VS 球类 / 棋类（定冠词 the 最大陷阱） play + the + 乐器（必须加 the）play the piano /play the guitar play + 球类 / 棋类 / 运动（零冠词，不加 the） play basketball /play chess /play football 易错点 3：序数词前 the /a 混用 the + 序数词：表顺序“第几”（特指）He is the first in his class. a + 序数词：表再一、又一（不强调顺序） I have eaten two apples. I want a third one.（再来一个） 易错点 4：专有名词冠词用法（地名、节日、三餐） 三餐、球类、星期、月份、节日（传统节日除外） → 零冠词 have breakfast /on Monday /in June / Children’s Day 易错点 5：固定短语中冠词有无（完形 / 改错重灾区） 易错点 6：抽象名词 / 物质名词泛指 vs 特指 物质 / 抽象名词泛指 → 零冠词 特指 “某一部分 / 某一种” → 加 the 解题方略 三步解题法（万能流程） 第一步：判断名词类型 不可数名词 / 复数名词 表泛指 → 零冠词 表特指（上文提过 / 有定语修饰 / 双方心知肚明）→ 用 the 单数可数名词（不能单独裸用！必加冠词） 第二步：区分「泛指」还是「特指」 泛指（任意一个、某一类）→ 用 a / an 再根据单词首音素，选 a（辅音）/an（元音）。 特指（这个 / 那个，有明确指向）→ 用 the 第三步：核对固定搭配 / 特殊规则（秒杀陷阱题） 乐器、序数词、最高级、江河湖海、党派团体 → 必加 the 球类、棋类、三餐、星期、月份、学科、人名地名（普通）→ 零冠词 固定短语（in front of /in the front of 等）死记搭配。 【基础通关】 一、单项选择 1．As the saying goes, “Life is like _________ ocean. Only the strong-willed can reach _______ other shore (岸).” A．a; the B．an; the C．an; an D．the; a 2．——Jack, I found ________ uniform on the floor. Is it yours? ——No, it’s Tom’s. Mine is on ________ fifth desk. A．a; a B．an; the C．a; the D．an; a 3．________ tall young man in ________ black suit is my cousin. He is ________ musician. A．A; the; the B．The; a; a C．The; /; a D．A; a; the 4．—What do you think of ________ film Pegasus 3 (《飞驰人生3》)? —It is so wonderful that I want to see it for ________ second time. A．a; the B．a; a C．the; the D．the; a 5．—Shall we play ________ tennis this afternoon? —Sounds good, but I don’t have ________ tennis ball. A．the; a B．/; the C．/; a D．a; a 6．—Hey, Tom. Let’s play ________ guitar. —That sounds good. But I don’t have ________ guitar. A．a; the B．a; a C．the; a D．the; the 7．—Judy’s cousin is from ________ small village. —Yes, and his birthday is on ________ fifth of April. A．a; / B．a; the C．the; / D．the; the 8．________ girl with ________ apple in her hand is ________ volunteer in our community center. A．A; the; a B．The; a; the C．A; an; a D．The; an; a 9．—It’s said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 ________ year. —Right, he will also get paid by ________ week. A．the, the B．a, the C．the, a D．a, a 10．Parkour (跑酷) is ________ outdoor activity. Now more young people love ________ activity. A．the; a B．an; an C．a; the D．an; the 二、完形填空 Hello, everyone. I’m a dietitian (营养师). Many people want to be healthy, but 11 can we stay healthy? Let’s have 12 look. For breakfast, you can eat 13 delicious bread and eggs. Some people don’t eat anything in the morning. 14 very bad for their health. Breakfast is the most important meal for people. For lunch, you can eat rice 15 chicken and carrots. Some people 16 like eating carrots, but they are really good for our 17 . For dinner, you can have beef, soup and fruit. 18 juice or milk, not cola. And it is important 19 : don’t eat too much for dinner. If you do that, you can’t sleep well at night 20 you will be fat. Anyway, having healthy eating habits is our best doctor. 11．A．who B．how C．what 12．A．a B．an C．the 13．A．many B．some C．a bit 14．A．It B．It’s C．Its 15．A．at B．from C．with 16．A．haven’t B．aren’t C．don’t 17．A．eye B．eyes C．eye’s 18．A．Drink B．Drinks C．Drinking 19．A．remember B．to remember C．to remembering 20．A．and B．but C．or 三、选词填空 用方框内所给单词的适当形式完成短文, 方框内有两项多余。 after  activity  have  although  be  in   than  popular  everybody  book  on  a For many people of Norway, skiing is the best way to have fun in winter. Almost 21 can ski. Children learn to ski 22 they learn to walk. Long long ago in Norway, there 23 no buses, trains or cars. People had to find 24 way to walk over the snow. Skiing is the right answer! 25 they love winter, the people of Norway are also happy to see summer come. They enjoy outdoor 26 at any time of the year. 27 summer, they swim and sunbathe near the beach. Some people go hiking and go mountain-climbing. Sailing is also very 28 during the warm sunny summer months. The Norwegians, like people everywhere,  find many indoor ways to 29 a good time. During the long winter they also enjoy movies. They like to read 30 in the libraries in all seasons. Family life is very important to the people of Norway. 【培优提升】 一、单项选择 1．— ________ number of boys ________ playing basketball on the playground. — What’s ________ number of boys in our class, do you know? A．A; are; the B．A; are; a C．A; is; the D．The; is; a 2．This is ________ European wolf. And that is ________ Asian elephant. A．a; a B．a; an C．an; an D．an; a 3．— What do you think of________ film Better Days（少年的你）this evening? — Pretty good. I’ve never seen________ better one! I’d like to see it________ second time. A．a; a; the B．the; a; a C．the; a; the D．a; a; a 4．— The Noble Prize for Literature 2012 was awarded to Mo Yan, ________ famous Chinese writer. And he is ________ first Chinese to win the prize. — Oh, really? How great he is! A．a, a B．a, the C．the, the D．the, a 5．Nanjing, ________ capital of Jiangsu Province, is ________ old city with many modern buildings. A．a; an B．the; an C．a; a D．a; the 6．— How time flies! The work is coming to ________ end. I can go home soon. — Yes, but I need to stay here till ________ end of next month. A．the; an B．an; the C．an; an D．the; the 7．— When do you have ________ history? — It’s on ________ Friday morning. A．a; / B．a; the C．/ ; the D．/ ; / 8．—These boys don’t have ________ pity on those homeless cats and dogs. —What ________ pity it is! They should be taught to care for animals. A．a;/ B．/;/ C．/; a D．a; a 9．—What do you think of ________ panda reserve you visited last weekend? —It’s great. It is ________ ideal home to wild animals. A．the; a B．the; an C．a; an D．an; an 10．— Some students are coughing badly! —Yes. It’s ________ pity that we have ________ unusual time because of flu (流感). A．a; an B．/; an C．a; a D．/; a 二、语法选择 Hi, my name is Sun Qi. Today is Saturday. At the moment, I 11 the book A Little Princess. 12 book tells us a story about a girl called Sara. She 13 a seven-year-old girl. She had green eyes and long black hair. She lived 14 India (印度) with her father Ralph Crewe. Mr. Crewe was a 15 man and he had lots of money. He loved Sara and bought her lots of beautiful dresses, 16 and toys. When he brought Sara to Miss Minchin’s school in London, Miss Minchin was very happy. She liked girls with rich fathers 17 it was good for her school. Mr. Crewe went back to his work in India later, and Sara began her new life at school. She was a nice girl. She was friendly to others. 18 liked her and she soon made many friends at school. On the 19 eleventh birthday, there was some bad news from India. 20 father died in India. Sara was very sad, and she soon learnt who her true friends were. 11．A．read B．am reading C．reading D．reads 12．A．The B．A C．An D．/ 13．A．be B．are C．were D．was 14．A．on B．in C．at D．with 15．A．quietly B．quiet C．richly D．rich 16．A．books B．book C．schools D．school 17．A．but B．or C．if D．because 18．A．Everyone B．Everything C．No one D．Nothing 19．A．girls’ B．girls C．girl’s D．girl 20．A．her B．Her C．she D．She 三、短文填空 （一） 根据短文内容，在横线上填上适当单词，使短文完整、通顺。给出单词的空格不限一词，没有给出单词的空格限一词。 Germans (德国人) are known for their beers (啤酒) and soccer. 21 do you know that they also like to save money? According to (根据) some 22 (survey), Germans were 23 (interest) in saving money in the past. The 24 (world) first savings bank opened in 1778 in Hamburg, a city in northern Germany. By the end of 1836, there were more than 300 of these savings banks in the country. Germans think that saving money is 25 good habit. This makes every German 26 (become) a top saver in the world. German families have saved more than eight percent of their income (收入) over the last 20 years, according to OECD data. Why do Germans save money? According to the Financial Times, 27 (be) careful with money is part of the image that Germans have of themselves. They 28 (usual) believe that saving money is a virtue (美德), 29 being honest (诚实) or kind. What’s more, Germans also think that saving money is important for their country. If every German 30 (keep) dropping coins into money boxes, Germany will become richer and stronger. （二） 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 The fifteenth day of the 31 (eight) lunar month is the Mid-Autumn Festival. It 32 (be) a traditional Chinese custom (习俗) for centuries. This special day 33 (fall) on the night of the fullest moon. People celebrate it 34 many ways like enjoying the moon, praying for blessings (祈福), eating different 35 (kind) of mooncakes, and showing love to those far away. For example, in Fujian and Taiwan, the Mid-Autumn Festival has 36 different tradition (传统) called “Bobing (博饼)”. Family and friends sit around a big bowl with six dice (骰子). They take turns rolling (掷) 37 (they). Different sets of dice win different prizes (奖品). This game brings people together to celebrate with laughter (笑), 38 it becomes a popular tradition. The Mid-Autumn Festival is important to 39 (China) people. We can 40 (get) together and share love. Welcome to China and enjoy the wonderful day! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $衔接点02 冠词（小初考点差异及衔接） 小学视角 初中展望 1.掌握冠词的基本形式（a / an / the）以及最简单的使用规则 2.区分不定冠词 a /an 3.记住the最常用场景 1.掌握a/an/the/ 零冠词全套使用规则 2.根据语境、逻辑、固定搭配、抽象概念、地理名称等判断是否使用冠词以及用哪个冠词 衔接引导 小学阶段：主要侧重认识 a/an、the，区分基础用法，依托简单词汇和固定句式套用冠词，仅依靠单词首字母、常见搭配判断选用。题目以基础题型为主，难度低、考点单一。常见题型为： ①单项选择题。 ②选词填空（选用 a/an/the）。 ③根据图片 / 句意补全单词、短句填空。 ④简单句子仿写。 初中阶段：要求学生系统掌握 a/an、定冠词 the、零冠词全套用法，能结合发音音素、泛指特指、语境含义、固定短语辨析综合判断，考点更细致、陷阱更多，出题形式灵活且综合性强。题型覆盖面更广，贯穿各类语法题型。主要题型为： ①单项选择题（易混辨析为主）。 ②语法填空（无选项裸填冠词）。 ③短文填空、完形填空（结合上下文语境判断）。 ④句子改错、短文改错（排查冠词漏用、误用、多用）。 ⑤书面表达（写作中规范使用冠词）。 小学冠词考点梳理 一、不定冠词 a /an 核心规则：a 用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an 用于元音音素开头的单词前，二者都表示 “一个”，修饰单数可数名词，表泛指。 考点分类 具体用法 例句 1. a 的用法 用于辅音音素开头的单数名词前 This is a book. 2. an 的用法 用于元音音素开头的单数名词前 That is an orange. 3. 表类别 指代某一类人或事物 A dog is cute. 4. 表数量 “每一” 用于表达频率、计量 I go to school five days a week. 二、定冠词 the 核心规则：表特指，意为 “这个 / 那个 / 这些 / 那些”，可修饰单数、复数名词。 考点分类 具体用法 例句 1. 双方都知晓的人或事物 谈话双方都清楚所指对象 Open the door, please.请打开门。 2. 上文已经提到过的人 / 物 再次提及前文出现过的名词 I have a cat. The cat is white.我有一只猫。这只猫是白色的。 3. 特指某一个（有修饰词限定） 名词前有形容词等限定 I like the red bag.我喜欢这个红色的包。 4. 世界上独一无二的事物 太阳、月亮、地球等专有事物 The sun is bright.阳光明媚。 5. 乐器名称前 弹奏、演奏乐器，乐器前必须加 the She can play the piano.她会弹钢琴。 三、不用冠词的情况（小学常见） 核心规则：名词前不使用任何冠词，小学阶段重点记忆固定搭配与常规场景。 考点分类 具体用法 例句 复数名词表示一类（泛指） 复数泛指时不加 a/an/the Apples are my favourite.苹果是我的。最爱 不可数名词泛指 水、牛奶、面包等前不加 a/an（可用 some） Milk is healthy.牛奶很健康。 三餐前（breakfast, lunch, dinner） 不加冠词 We have breakfast at 7 o'clock.我们七点吃早餐。 球类运动 play + 球类，不加 the He plays basketball every day.他每天打篮球。 棋类 play + 棋类，不加 the She can play chess.她会下棋。 学科名称 math, English, science 等前不加冠词 She studies math and English.她学习数学和英语。 语言名称 Chinese, English 等前不加冠词 I speak Chinese.我说中文。 国家名称（大多数） China, America, Japan 等前不加冠词 He is from China.他来自中国。 人名前 Tom, Lucy 等前不加冠词 Tom is my friend.汤姆是我的朋友。 by + 交通工具 by bus, by car, by bike 等中间无冠词 She goes to school by bus.她坐公交车上学。 冠词词组 一、不定冠词 a / an 的固定搭配 固定搭配 含义 例句 have a look 看一看 Let me have a look at your picture. 让我看一看你的画。 have a cold 感冒 She has a cold and stays at home.她感冒了，待在家里。 have a fever 发烧 He has a fever today.他今天发烧了。 have a headache 头疼 I have a headache.我头疼。 have a good time 玩得开心 We had a good time at the zoo.我们在动物园玩得很开心。 have a rest 休息一下 You are tired. Please have a rest.你累了，请休息一下。 have a swim 游泳 Let's have a swim in the pool.我们去游泳池游泳吧。 have a walk 散步 They have a walk after dinner.他们晚饭后散步。 take a shower 洗淋浴 I take a shower every morning.我每天早上洗淋浴。 take a bath 泡澡 She takes a bath before bed.她睡觉前泡个澡。 take a break 休息一下 Let's take a break.我们休息一下吧。 take a seat 坐下 Please take a seat.请坐。 give a hand 帮忙 Can you give a hand?你能帮个忙吗？ make a wish 许愿 Make a wish before blowing out candles.吹蜡烛前许个愿。 a lot of 许多 There are a lot of books on the shelf.架子上有许多书。 a pair of 一双/一对 I need a pair of new shoes.我需要一双新鞋。 a piece of 一张/一块 She eats a piece of bread.她吃了一块面包。 a little 一点儿（修饰不可数名词） There is a little water in the cup.杯子里有一点水。 a few 几个（修饰可数名词） I have a few friends.我有几个朋友。 a kind of 一种 A tiger is a kind of animal.老虎是一种动物。 in a hurry 匆忙地 He went to school in a hurry.他匆忙地去上学了。 for a while 一会儿 Wait for a while.等一会儿。 once upon a time 从前 Once upon a time, there was a princess.从前，有一位公主。 as a result 结果 He didn't study, as a result, he failed.他没学习，结果他不及格。 二、定冠词 the 的固定搭配 固定搭配 含义 例句 in the morning 在早上 I get up at 7 in the morning.我早上七点起床。 in the afternoon 在下午 We have PE class in the afternoon.我们下午有体育课。 in the evening 在晚上 She does her homework in the evening.她晚上做作业。 at the same time 同时 They arrived at the same time.他们同时到达。 on the left / right 在左边/右边 The hospital is on the left.医院在左边。 all the time 一直 The baby cries all the time.宝宝一直在哭。 by the way 顺便说一下 By the way, what's your name?顺便问一下，你叫什么名字？ go to the cinema 去看电影 Let's go to the cinema tonight.我们今晚去看电影吧。 go to the park 去公园 They go to the park on Sundays.他们周日去公园。 go to the zoo 去动物园 We go to the zoo this weekend.我们这个周末去动物园。 listen to the radio 听收音机 Grandpa likes listening to the radio.爷爷喜欢听收音机。 play the piano 弹钢琴 She plays the piano very well.她钢琴弹得很好。 play the guitar 弹吉他 He plays the guitar in a band.他在乐队里弹吉他。 play the violin 拉小提琴 My sister plays the violin.我妹妹拉小提琴。 tell the truth 说实话 You should tell the truth.你应该说实话。 tell the time 看时间 Can your son tell the time?你儿子会看时间吗？ on the way 在路上 I met a friend on the way home.我在回家的路上遇到一个朋友。 the day after tomorrow 后天 We will leave the day after tomorrow.我们后天出发。 the day before yesterday 前天 He came back the day before yesterday.他前天回来的。 the day before 前一天 She arrived the day before.她前一天到达。 三、零冠词（不用冠词）的固定搭配 固定搭配 含义 例句 at home 在家 I stay at home on weekends.我周末待在家里。 at school 在学校 He is at school now.他现在在学校。 at work 在工作 My dad is at work.我爸爸在工作。 go to school 去上学 It's time to go to school.该去上学了。 go to bed 去睡觉 I go to bed at 9 o'clock.我九点上床睡觉。 go to hospital 去医院（看病） She is ill and goes to hospital.她生病了，去医院。 go to church 去教堂 They go to church on Sundays.他们周日去教堂。 by bus / by car / by train / by bike 乘坐公交/汽车/火车/自行车 She goes to school by bus.她乘公交车上学。 on foot 步行 He goes to school on foot.他步行上学。 play football / basketball / volleyball 踢足球/打篮球/打排球 Boys like playing football.男孩们喜欢踢足球。 play chess 下棋 Grandpa likes playing chess.爷爷喜欢下棋。 have breakfast / lunch / dinner 吃早餐/午餐/晚餐 We have breakfast at 7:00.我们七点吃早餐。 have supper 吃晚餐 They have supper at 6:30.他们六点半吃晚餐。 have dinner 吃正餐/晚餐 Let's have dinner together.我们一起吃晚餐吧。 in class 在课堂上 Don't talk in class.课堂上不要讲话。 after class 课后 We play games after class.课后我们玩游戏。 after school 放学后 I do homework after school.我放学后做作业。 at night 在夜晚 The moon shines at night.月亮在夜晚发光。 at noon 在中午 We eat lunch at noon.我们中午吃午饭。 at midnight 在午夜 He sleeps at midnight.他午夜睡觉。 for example 例如 For example, apples are healthy.例如，苹果很健康。 in fact 事实上 In fact, I like coffee.事实上，我喜欢咖啡。 day and night 日日夜夜 He works day and night.他日日夜夜地工作。 face to face 面对面 They talked face to face.他们面对面交谈。 典例示范 1．You are ________ member of the reading club. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你是阅读俱乐部的一名成员。a一个；an一个；the这/那；/不填。根据“You are…member of the reading club.”可知，member是可数名词单数，且以辅音音素开头，表示泛指“一名”，应用不定冠词a。应填a。 2．I see ________ interesting movie. ________ movie is about life in the future. A．a; The B．an; The C．the; A D．an; A 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我看了一部有趣的电影。这部电影是关于未来生活的。a一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the表示特指。第一空，表示“一部有趣的电影”，其中“interesting”以元音音素开头，因此用不定冠词an；第二空，特指前面提到的那部电影，因此用定冠词the。 3．Peter will go to ________ Spain after ________ National Day holiday. A．the; / B．the; the C．/; the D．the; a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：彼得将在国庆节假期后去西班牙。在表示国家、城市等专有名词前，一般不需要加冠词，Spain是国家名称，其前不加冠词；National Day holiday表特指，其前需加定冠词the。 4．—Who is ________ scientist in the picture? —He is Yuan Longping, a great rice scientist. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——图片中的那位科学家是谁？——他是袁隆平，一位伟大的水稻科学家。a一个；an一个；the这/那；/不填。根据“in the picture”可知，此处特指图片中的那位科学家，应用定冠词the。 5．Gina often goes to ________ work after ________ breakfast. A．the; the B．/; the C．/; / 【答案】C 【详解】句意：吉娜经常吃完早饭后去上班。固定短语“go to work”，意为“去上班”，work前不加冠词；三餐名词breakfast前通常不加冠词，“after breakfast”意为“早饭后”。因此两处均不需填冠词。 即学即练习 1．There is ________ elephant in the zoo. ________ elephant is from Africa. A．a；The B．an； The C．a； An 【答案】B 【详解】句意：动物园里有一头大象。这头大象来自非洲。第一空表示泛指“一头”，elephant是以元音音素开头的单词，故用an；第二空表示特指上文提到过的大象，且位于句首首字母大写，故用The。应填an；The。 2．—Look, this is ________ one-way street. You mustn’t drive in. —Oh, sorry. I didn’t see the sign. A．a B．an C．the 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——看，这是一条单行道。你不能开车进去。——哦，对不起。我没看到标志。a一个；an一个；the这/那。根据“one-way”的发音以辅音音素/w/开头，且此处表示泛指“一条”，应填a。 3．I came to know him from ___________ interview programme on CCTV-1. A．a B．an C．the D．／ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我从CCTV-1的一个采访节目开始认识他。考查冠词。不定冠词a/an 表是泛指或表“一个”的概念，a用于以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前、an用于以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前；the定冠词表特指；根据句意“一个采访节目”，表“一个”概念，interview以元音音素开头；故选B。 4．—What does she usually do after ________ dinner? —She takes ________ shower. A．the;the B．a;the C．a;/ D．/;a 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——她晚饭后通常做什么？ ——她会洗个澡。固定搭配after dinner（晚饭后），三餐名词前不加冠词；固定短语take a shower（洗澡），为固定用法，中间需要加不定冠词a。 5．________ UK is facing some environmental problems because of extreme weather. A．A B．An C．The D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：英国正面临一些环境问题，因为极端天气。 A一个（用于辅音音素开头的单词前）；An一个（用于元音音素开头的单词前）；The这。 根据“UK”可知，英国的全称是the United Kingdom，缩写为the UK，属于包含普通名词的专有名词，前面需加定冠词the。 6．I use ________ app to learn English, and ________ app is very useful. A．a; the B．an; the C．a; an D．the; an 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我用一个应用程序学英语，这个应用程序非常有用。 第一空表示“一个”，app以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an；第二空特指前面提到的这个app，用定冠词the。 7．The book on desk is our teacher's. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：桌上的这本书是我们老师的。考查冠词辨析。不定冠词a/an修饰单数名词表泛指，a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前，an用于以元音音素开头的单词前；定冠词the表特指。句中desk是双方都知道的事物，需用定冠词the；on the desk在桌子上，根据句意语法，可知选C。 8．_________ Earth is bigger than _________ Moon. A．A, a B．An, a C．The, the D．/, / 【答案】C 【详解】句意：地球比月亮大。考查冠词的用法。a不定冠词表泛指，用于辅音音素开头的词前；an不定冠词表泛指，用于元音音素开头的词前；the定冠词，表特指；/零冠词。Earth和Moon都是独一无二的事物，需用定冠词修饰。故选C。 9．Marie Curie was ________ first woman to win a Nobel Prize. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：居里夫人是第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女性。a一个；an一个；the这/那；/ 不填。序数词“first”前面通常加定冠词the，表示顺序“第一……”。故选the。 10．My uncle lives in ________ USA．He is visiting our city these days. A．a B．an C．the 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我叔叔住在美国。这些天他正在参观我们的城市。考查冠词。a一个，不定冠词，表泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，不定冠词，表泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；the这/那个，定冠词，表特指。USA表示“美国”，由多个普通名词构成的专有名词前需要加the。故选C。 易混易错 （一）不定冠词 a /an 混用（小学最高频错题） 核心误区：只看单词首字母，不看发音（音素），误以为元音字母开头就用 an，辅音字母开头就用 a。 （二）定冠词 the 漏用、多用 易错 1：乐器 vs 球类运动 混淆（必考对比） 规则：乐器前加 the；球类、棋类前不加 the 易错 2：世界独有事物漏加 the 规则：sun、moon、earth 等独一无二的事物，前面必须加 the 正解：The sun is big. 易错 3：重复加 the / 多余使用 （三）零冠词场景误用（该不加却乱加） 易错 1：by + 交通工具 多加冠词 易错 2：三餐前多加 the 易错 3：固定短语 go to school 多加 the （四）泛指与特指判断失误 规则：第一次提到人 / 物用 a/an（泛指），再次提到用 the（特指） 解题方略 通用解题方略（分步解题法，简单易记） 第一步：判断名词类型，排除基础错误 看名词：复数名词 / 不可数名词，一般不用 a/an； 牢记：a/an 和 the 不能同时放在一个名词前，直接排除此类选项。 第二步：区分 a 和 an（口诀记忆） 口诀：不看字母看发音，元音音素用 an，辅音音素用 a 【基础通关】 一、单项选择 1．I am ________ English teacher and I work in ________ university. A．a; an B．a; a C．an; an D．an; a 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我是一名英语老师，在一所大学工作。 考查不定冠词的用法。a用于辅音音素开头的单词前，an用于元音音素开头的单词前。第一空：English的发音以元音音素/ɪ/开头，因此需用不定冠词“an”；第二空：“university”的发音以辅音音素/j/开头，因此需用不定冠词“a”，故选D。 2．I have ________ aunt and she plays ________ Chinese chess really well. A．a; the B．an; / C．an; the D．a; / 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我有一个阿姨，她下中国象棋下得非常好。 考查冠词。a不定冠词，表泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表特指；an不定冠词，表泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词前。第一空，根据“aunt”可知，此处表示一个阿姨，应用不定冠词表泛指，且“aunt”是以元音音素开头的单词，要用an修饰；第二空，play Chinese chess“下中国象棋”，固定搭配，棋类名词前不加冠词。故选B。 3．My sister Alice can’t play ________ piano, but she can play ________ chess. A．the; the B．the; / C．the; a D．/; the 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的妹妹Alice不会弹钢琴，但她会下国际象棋。 考查冠词。根据“My sister Alice can’t play ... piano, but she can play ... chess.”可知，第一空后piano是乐器，在英语中，“play+the+乐器类名词”表示“演奏某种乐器”，第一空要用the；第二空后chess为棋类，“play+棋类名词”时，棋类名词前一般不加冠词，第二空不填。故选B。 4．I’ve played ________ piano for an hour. Can I go out to play ________ baseball with Peter now? A．the; / B．/; the C．/, / D．the; the 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我已经弹了一个小时的钢琴。现在我可以和彼得出去打棒球吗？考查冠词。乐器前要加定冠词the，play the piano“弹钢琴”；球类运动前不加冠词，play baseball“打棒球”。故选A。 5．—Do you know ________ girl in a long skirt? —Yes, she is Jane. She plays ________ volleyball very well. A．a; / B．the; / C．the; the D．a; the 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你认识那个穿长裙的女孩吗？——认识，她是Jane。她排球打得非常好。 考查冠词。a不定冠词，表泛指；the定冠词，表特指。第一空，根据“girl in a long skirt”可知，此处特指穿长裙的那个女孩，要用定冠词the；第二空，play volleyball“打排球”，球类运动前不加冠词。故选B。 6．—How about ________ this afternoon? —Sorry, I have to have piano lessons. A．play tennis B．playing tennis C．play the tennis D．playing the tennis 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——今天下午打网球怎么样？——抱歉，我得去上钢琴课。   考查固定搭配和动名词用法。play tennis打网球；play the tennis错误搭配（网球前不加冠词）。根据“How about…this afternoon”可知，此处应填入动名词形式作介词about的宾语，且“tennis”作为运动项目时前面不加冠词。故选B。 7．The boy can’t play ________ piano, but he can play ________ table tennis. A．/; the B．the; / C．the; the D．/; / 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个男孩不会弹钢琴，但他会打乒乓球。考查定冠词。play the piano弹钢琴，乐器前加定冠词the；play table tennis打乒乓球，球类前不加任何限定词。故选B。 8．I’ve played ________ violin for an hour. Can I go out to play ________ football with Jim now? A．/; the B．the; / C．the; the D．/; / 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我已经拉了一个小时的小提琴。现在我可以出去和吉姆踢足球吗？ 考查冠词。play the violin拉小提琴，演奏乐器时，乐器名称前要加定冠词the。play football踢足球，进行球类运动时，运动名称前不加冠词。故选B。 9．Ben cannot play ________ tennis, but he can play ________ violin well. A．the; the B．/; / C．the; / D．/; the 【答案】D 【详解】句意：本不会打网球，但他小提琴拉得很好。考查冠词用法。play与球类运动名词连用时，中间不加定冠词the，play tennis意为“打网球” ； play与西洋乐器名词连用时，中间要加定冠词the，play the violin意为“拉小提琴”，故选D。 10．Ben cannot play ________ volleyball, but he can play ________ violin well. A．the; the B．/; / C．the; / D．/; the 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Ben不会打排球，但他可以很好地拉小提琴。考查冠词用法。volleyball是球类运动，前面不加冠词；violin是乐器，前面要加定冠词the。故选D。 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Hello, my name is Ning Chen. I am twelve 16 old. I am in Class One, 17 Seven. I like music. It is 18 . I like to 19 to music every day. And I often play the guitar in a music band. But I don’t like 20 sports. Sports are difficult for me. I 21 a good friend at school. 22 name is Bill Brown. Bill Brown is 23 English boy. He is eleven. He lives with his family in China. He really likes 24 food——Beijing roast duck, beef noodles...So Bill and I often share (分享) delicious food together. Would you like to 25 with us? Can you tell me your favourite sport and food? 16．A．years B．numbers C．names D．classes 17．A．Class B．Hour C．Grade D．Time 18．A．bad B．big C．boring D．fun 19．A．listen B．look C．go D．turn 20．A．meeting B．playing C．finding D．spelling 21．A．greet B．call C．have D．eat 22．A．My B．His C．Her D．Their 23．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 24．A．English B．Chinese C．American D．Japanese 25．A．make friends B．say goodbye C．sing songs D．have classes 【答案】 16．A 17．C 18．D 19．A 20．B 21．C 22．B 23．B 24．B 25．A 【导语】本文讲述宁晨介绍自己的年龄、班级、爱好，以及好友Bill的相关信息，两人常常分享美食，并邀请别人和他们交朋友。 【详解】16．句意：我十二岁。 “基数词+years old”表示几岁，固定搭配。years年；numbers数字；names名字；classes班级，只有years 符合年龄表达用法。 17．句意：我在七年级一班。 Grade Seven“七年级”，固定表达。Class班级；Hour小时；Time时间，均不符合年级搭配。 18．句意：它很有趣。 前文点明喜欢音乐，fun有趣的，符合喜爱的语境。bad坏的；big大的；boring无聊的，均不符合语境。 19．句意：我每天喜欢听音乐。 listen to music听音乐，固定搭配，listen “听”，符合语境。look看；go去；turn转动，均不符合语境。 20．句意：但是我不喜欢做体育运动。 play sports做运动， 固定搭配，like doing sth“喜欢做某事”，后接动名词，因此用 playing。meeting遇见；finding找到；spelling拼写，均不能搭配sports。 21．句意：我在学校有一个好朋友。 此处指“有一个好朋友”，have a good friend 表示“有一个好朋友”，have“有”符合句意。 greet问候；call打电话；eat吃，均不符合语境。 22．句意：他的名字是比尔・布朗。 Bill是男生，His“他的”用来指代男生的名字。His“他的”，符合语境。My我的；Her她的；Their他们的，均不符合语境。 23．句意：比尔・布朗是一名英国男孩。 English发音以元音音素/ˈɪ/开头，前面用不定冠词an。a用于辅音音素开头单词前；the定冠词表特指，不符合语境。 24．句意：他很喜欢中国食物——北京烤鸭、牛肉面。 后文北京烤鸭、牛肉面都是中式食物，Chinese中国的，符合语境。English英国的；American美国的；Japanese日本的，列举的美食都属于中国美食，不符合语境。 25．句意：你想要和我们交朋友吗？ 结合全文，作者在介绍自己的朋友，此处应是询问“你想和我们交朋友吗”，make friends“交朋友”，符合语境。say goodbye道别；sing songs唱歌；have classes上课，均不符合语境。 三、短文填空 When Anna entered Grade 7, she fell in love 26 badminton. At first, she used 27 old racket. Her mum noticed her passion and bought her a new one. To improve, Anna also tried running in the park every morning. Practice 28 (make) perfect. Now, she often plays in the school gym with her friends, and sometimes they try skateboarding too. It’s a cool way to work out! Last term, Anna wanted 29 (join) the school badminton team. So she practised 30 (play) harder than before. When she felt too tired to hold on, her classmates told her to keep going. With their support, Anna became confident and won a place on the team. Yesterday, 31 (Anna) team had a badminton game against No. 2 Middle School. So she practised very carefully. Look, Anna’s racket is pink, while the black one on the ground is not 32 (her)—it belongs to Lucy. She picked it up 33 gave it to Lucy. After the game, Anna felt full of energy! Among all sports, badminton brings Anna the most joy. She hopes that she can 34 (become) the best player in Grade 8 and maybe try volleyball someday—what a fun sport! She said, “Although sometimes it’s 35 (difficulty), if you try, you can make it.” 【答案】 26．with 27．an 28．makes 29．to join 30．playing 31．Anna’s 32．hers 33．and 34．become 35．difficult 【导语】本文讲述Anna从七年级开始爱上羽毛球运动，通过不断努力和坚持，成功加入校队，并在比赛中展现体育精神的故事，表达了她对运动的热爱和进取心。 【详解】26．句意：当 Anna进入七年级时，她爱上了羽毛球。固定搭配 fall in love with，意为“爱上……”。 27．句意：起初，她用的是一只旧球拍。racket是可数名词单数，表泛指，old以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。 28．句意：熟能生巧。本句是通俗谚语，描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语Practice为不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数makes。 29．句意：上学期，Anna想 加入校羽毛球队。固定搭配want to do sth.，意为“想要做某事”，此处应用动词不定式形式。 30．句意：因此她比以前更努力地练习打球。固定搭配practise doing sth.，意为“练习做某事”。play的动名词形式为playing。 31．句意：昨天，Anna的队伍与第二中学进行了一场羽毛球比赛。此处表示所属关系“Anna的队伍”，用名词所有格，加’s。 32．句意：看，Anna的球拍是粉色的，而地上的黑色球拍不是她的——它属于Lucy的。空格后没有名词，此处表示“她的(球拍)”，需用名词性物主代词，her的名词性物主代词为hers。 33．句意：她捡起球拍并把它给了Lucy。“picked it up”和“gave it to Lucy”是两个并列的承接动作，需用并列连词and连接。 34．句意：她希望自己能成为八年级最好的选手，也许有一天还会尝试排球——多么有趣的运动啊！空格前为情态动词can，后接动词原形become。 35．句意：她说：“虽然有时这很困难，但如果你努力，你就能做到。”系动词is后接形容词作表语。difficulty为名词，其形容词形式为difficult。 【培优提升】 一、单项选择 1．—Do you know ________ new Chinese space plane? —Yes. It is ________ unusual invention in 2026. A．the; an B．a; an C．the; a D．a; a 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你知道那个中国新型空天飞机吗？——知道。它是2026年一项不寻常的发明。 the定冠词，表特指；an不定冠词，用于元音音素开头的单词前，表泛指；a不定冠词，用于辅音音素开头的单词前，表泛指。根据“new Chinese space plane”可知，此处特指中国研发的新型空天飞机，表示特定的人或事物，应填the；此处表示泛指“一个不寻常的发明”，且修饰词“unusual”的发音以元音音素开头，应填an。 2．His home was ________ small house at ________ side of a big town. A．a; an B．a; / C．a; the D．an; a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他的家是一个大镇子边上的一所小房子。 a一个（用于辅音音素开头的词前）；an一个（用于元音音素开头的词前）；the这个（定冠词，表特指）；/零冠词。第一空泛指“一所小房子”，且small以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a；第二空特指“大镇子的边上”，应用定冠词the。 3． —What’s this?     —It’s ________ orange. ________ orange is orange. A．an, An B．a, The C．an, The D．/, A 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这是什么？——它是一个橙子。这个橙子是橙色的。a一（个），用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一（个），用于元音音素开头的单词前；The表特指；/零冠词。第一空表示泛指“一个橙子”，且orange是以元音音素开头的单词，故用不定冠词an；第二空特指上文提到的那个橙子，故用定冠词The。 4．NeZha 2 is such _________ amazing film and I want to see it _________ second time! A．a; a B．a; an C．a; the D．an; a 【答案】D 【详解】句意：《哪吒 2》是如此精彩的一部电影，我想再看一遍！ such修饰单数可数名词film时，结构为“such + a/an+形容词+名词”，amazing以元音音素开头，故用an；序数词second前加不定冠词a表示“又一，再一”，“a second time”意为“再一次”。应填an；a。 5．“Nezha 2: The Demon Child Battles the Sea” is ________ exciting movie and it continues ________ amazing story of Nezha. A．an; the B．a; an C．an; an D．a; the 【答案】A 【详解】句意：《哪吒2：魔童闹海》是一部令人兴奋的电影，它延续了哪吒的那个精彩故事。 第一空泛指“一部”，exciting以元音音素开头，用an；第二空特指“那个”，后有of Nezha修饰限定，用the。 6．—My dream is to build a school on ________ moon some day. —It sounds like________ unusual dream. I wish you could make it come true. A．the; a B．a; the C．an; the D．the; an 【答案】D 【详解】句意：—— 我的梦想是有一天在月球上建一所学校。 —— 这听起来像是一个不寻常的梦想。我希望你能实现它。a/an一个，不定冠词，表泛指，a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前；an用在以元音音素开头的单词前；the这个/这些，定冠词，表特指。第一空：moon（月球）是世界上独一无二的天体，这类表示独一无二的事物的名词前，必须加定冠词the。第二空：这里泛指“一个不寻常的梦想”，要用不定冠词。unusual 的发音是以元音音素 /ʌ/ 开头的，所以前面用an。故填the；an。 7．—How do you like ________ film Kungfu Panda? —It is so wonderful that I want to see it for a second time. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你觉得《功夫熊猫》这部电影怎么样？——它太精彩了，我想再看一遍。 a一个；an一个；the这/那；/不填。根据“film Kungfu Panda”可知，film被专有名词修饰，表示特指这部具体的电影，应用定冠词the。 8．—Do you know ________ girl with short hair? —Yes, she is my sister Amy. She is playing ________ guitar with her friends. A．a; the B．the; / C．the; the D．a; / 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你认识那个留短发的女孩吗？——认识，她是我的妹妹Amy。她正在和她的朋友们弹吉他。a一个，表示泛指；the那个，表示特指；/零冠词。第一空，“girl with short hair”为特指，应用定冠词the；第二空，play后接乐器名称时，乐器前需加定冠词the，play the guitar意为“弹吉他”。 9．—What do you think of ________ film Pegasus 3《飞驰人生3》? —It is so wonderful! And it is my ________ third time to see it. A．a; the B．a; / C．the; the D．the; / 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你觉得《飞驰人生 3》这部电影怎么样？——太精彩了！这是我第三次看它了。 第一空，film 被片名限定，表示特指，需用定冠词 the；第二空，序数词 third 前有形容词性物主代词 my 修饰，不再加冠词。 10．Simon lives in ________ Sixth Street. He is ________ first to get to school every day. He always comes ________ first in the exams in his class. A．the; the; the B．/; the; the C．the; the; / D．/; the; / 【答案】D 【详解】句意：西蒙住在第六大街。他每天第一个到校，考试成绩也总是班级第一名。第一空，此处表示“在第六大街”，Sixth Street为街道名称，不加冠词；第二空，此处表示“第一个”，序数词first前加定冠词the；第三空，此处表示“得第一名”，come first“得第一名”是固定搭配，first前不加冠词。应填/；the；/。 二、完形填空 I’m a schoolboy and I live in a small town. It is a beautiful 11 in Shandong. I like it 12 I also like my neighborhood. There is 13 zoo in my neighborhood. I often go to the zoo 14 weekends. I like animals very much. My parents also like animals so I usually go there with 15 . There 16 many animals in the zoo—pandas, tigers and lions. I like pandas very much 17 they are very cute. And they are very quiet, so many people call them “the 18 girls”. Look! We can see two dolphins (海豚) 19 in a pool. They are 20 and they like to play with people. We can also 21 some other animals. And I can learn a lot about animals. For example, dolphins can dance to the music and pandas sometimes 22 meat when they are very hungry (饥饿的). I have a good friend and her name is Linda. She is from the US. She likes animals, too. 23 favorite animal is koalas. She thinks koalas are very friendly. But I think koalas are very 24 because they sleep all day. She 25 drawing pictures of animals: What is your favorite animal? 11．A．hotel B．place C．park D．school 12．A．and B．but C．so D．or 13．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 14．A．in B．for C．on D．by 15．A．them B．it C．you D．him 16．A．is B．are C．am D．be 17．A．so B．when C．because D．but 18．A．shy B．interesting C．healthy D．friendly 19．A．speaking B．swimming C．listening D．running 20．A．boring B．easy C．difficult D．funny 21．A．look B．take C．see D．read 22．A．sell B．bring C．buy D．eat 23．A．Her B．His C．My D．Your 24．A．smart B．lazy C．beautiful D．scary 25．A．enjoys B．dresses C．plays D．cleans 【答案】 11．B 12．A 13．A 14．C 15．A 16．B 17．C 18．A 19．B 20．D 21．C 22．D 23．A 24．B 25．A 【导语】本文介绍了作者家附近的动物园，并介绍了作者和好朋友琳达所喜欢的动物。 【详解】11．句意：它是山东一个美丽的地方。 hotel旅馆；place地方；park公园；school学校。根据“I’m a schoolboy and I live in a small town.”可知作者住在一个小镇上，这是一个“地方”。故选B。 12．句意：我喜欢它，我也喜欢我的邻居。 and并且；but但是；so所以；or或者，否则。前句“I like it”与后句“I also like my neighborhood.”是并列顺承关系，应该用and连接。故选A。 13．句意：我家附近有一个动物园。 a一，不定冠词，用在以辅音音素开头的单词前；an一，不定冠词，用在以元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词；\不填。此处表达一个动物园，zoo是以辅音音素开头，应该用a。故选A。 14．句意：我经常在周末去动物园。 in在……里；for为了；on在……上；by通过。on weekends“在周末”，固定短语。故选C。 15．句意：我的父母也喜欢动物，所以我经常和他们一起去那里。 them他（她，它）们；it它；you你；him他。根据“My parents also like animals so I usually go there with…”可知，此处是指作者的父母，应该用“他们”代指。故选A。 16．句意：动物园里有许多动物——熊猫、老虎和狮子。 is是，用于第三人称单数后；are用于第二人称单数或所有人称复数后；am用于第一人称；be系动词原形。此处是there be句型，many animals是复数形式，be动词用are。故选B。 17．句意：我非常喜欢熊猫，因为它们非常可爱。 so所以；when当……时；because因为；but但是。“they are very cute”是“I like pandas very much”的原因，用because引导原因状语从句。故选C。 18．句意：它们很安静，所以很多人叫她们“害羞的女孩”。 shy害羞的；interesting有趣的；healthy健康的；friendly友好的。根据“And they are very quiet,”可知，它们很安静，所以是害羞的。故选A。 19．句意：看！我们可以看到两只海豚在游泳池里游泳。 speaking说话；swimming游泳；listening听；running跑步。根据“in a pool”可知是在游泳池里游泳。故选B。 20．句意：它们很有趣，他们喜欢和人玩。 boring无聊的；easy容易的；difficult困难的；funny有趣的。根据“and they like to play with people.”可知，海豚喜欢和人玩，结合选项可知此处用褒义的形容词，表达它们有趣。故D。 21．句意：我们也可以看到一些其他的动物。 look看，不及物动词；take拿，取；see看见；read阅读。根据“We can see two dolphins (海豚)…”可知，此处应该是承接前面说“也可以看到……”。故选C。 22．句意：例如，海豚可以随着音乐跳舞，熊猫有时在饿的时候吃肉。 sell卖；bring带来；buy买；eat吃。根据“…when they are very hungry (饥饿的).”可知，饥饿的时候应该吃东西。故选D。 23．句意：她最喜欢的动物是考拉。 Her她的；His他的；My我的；Your你的。根据“She is from… She likes …”可知，此处应该是说她最喜欢的动物是考拉。故选A。 24．句意：但是我认为考拉很懒，因为它们整天都在睡觉。 smart聪明的；lazy懒惰的；beautiful漂亮的；scary吓人的。根据“because they sleep all day.”可知，整天睡觉应该是懒惰的。故选B。 25．句意：她喜欢画动物：你最喜欢的动物是什么？ enjoys喜欢；dresses穿衣服；plays玩；cleans打扫。根据“…drawing pictures of animals:What is your favorite animal?”可知，此处是enjoy doing sth“喜欢做某事”，表达“她喜欢画动物”。故选A。 三、短文填空 There is 26 small restaurant near our school. It’s called Healthy Home. It serves all kinds of healthy food, and many students like to eat there after school. The 27 (wait) and waitresses in the restaurant are very friendly, and they always 28 (serve) food quickly. The restaurant uses fresh vegetables and meat to cook all the 29 (dish). They put less oil and salt in the food, so it’s good 30 our health. The menu of the restaurant is simple 31 healthy. For breakfast, you can have porridge, steamed bread and boiled eggs. For lunch and dinner, you can choose rice, noodles, different kinds of vegetables and a little fish or meat. 32 ( I ) favorite food in the restaurant is tomato and egg noodles. They are delicious and not too expensive. A bowl of tomato and egg noodles is only 12 yuan. I often go there with my classmates. We usually order noodles and a small bowl of fruit salad. The fruit salad is made with fresh apples, bananas and strawberries. It’s sweet and healthy. The boss of the restaurant is a kind man. He often 33 (tell) us that we should keep a good eating habit. He says fast food is bad for us, so we should eat 34 (little) of it. He also gives us some 35 (advise): eat more vegetables and fruit, drink enough water, and have three meals on time every day. 【答案】 26．a 27．waiters 28．serve 29．dishes 30．for 31．but 32．My 33．tells 34．less 35．advice 【导语】本文介绍学校附近一家健康餐馆，菜品清淡健康、价格实惠，老板还教导大家养成良好饮食习惯。 【详解】26．句意：我们学校附近有一家小餐馆。“ small”以辅音音素开头，泛指一家用不定冠词a。 27．句意：餐馆里的男服务员和女服务员都很友好。“ and”连接并列复数名词waitresses，因此waiter变为复数waiters。 28．句意：他们上菜总是很快。文章均用一般现在时描述且主语为非第三人称单数they，因此使用动词原形serve。 29．句意：餐馆用新鲜蔬菜和肉类制作各类菜品。“all kinds of”后接可数名词复数，因此填写dishes。 30．句意：所以它对我们的健康有益。固定搭配be good for，意为对......有好处，因此填写for。 31．句意：菜单简单但健康。“simple”和“healthy”的词义为相反逻辑，此处应使用转折关系表达对餐馆的肯定，因此使用连词but。 32．句意：我最喜欢这家店的食物是西红柿鸡蛋面。此处缺少修饰名词的形容词，根据后面的讲述，本段在讲述作者最爱的西红柿鸡蛋面且句首单词首字母大写，因此应该使用形容词性物主代词My。 33．句意：他经常告诉我们要保持良好饮食习惯。文章均用一般现在时描述，主语“ he”为第三人称单数，因此动词用tells。 34．句意：所以我们应该少吃快餐。此处应表达少吃，“ little”意为一点，需要使用little的比较级less，表示更少，因此填写less。 35．句意：他也给我们一些建议。空前“some”为形容词，空处应填名词，advice为不可数名词且没有复数形式，因此填advice。 初中冠词考点梳理 1.不定冠词a/an的用法（a用于辅音音素开头的词前，an 用于元音音素开头的词前。 注意：区别元/辅音字母和元/辅音音素） 用法 示例 泛指某一类人或事物中的一个或一类 My mother bought me a book. 用于首次提到的单数可数名词前 I went to the shop and bought a watch. 用于泛指人或物的身份或性质 A teacher can influence many students. 用于序数词前表示“又一，再一” After reading the story， he wants to read a second time. 用于替代弱化的one“一” I have an umbrella. 表示“每一”，相当于every He goes to the shop three times a week. 用于可视为一个整体的两个名词前 He ate with a knife and fork. 用于物质名词前，表示“一杯、一份、一阵”等 What a heavy rain it was！ 【拓展】常见的易混用不定冠词a和an的情况 易混类别 示例 Aa an actor， an apple， an artist， an amazing singer， an American writer， an astronaut Ee an egg， an eight-year-old girl， an exciting job， an eleven-year-old girl 【易错】a European country i an idea， an interesting story， an important part o an old man， an orange one， an outgoing girl　【易错】a one-month holiday Uu an umbrella， an unusual experience， an unhappy girl， an ugly man 【易错】a UFO， a unit， a university， a useless/useful suggestion， a usual trip 英文字母前 26个英文字母中，前面用an的有：a， e， f， h， i， l， m， n， o， r， s， x（口诀助记：Mr. Li has one fox） 特别记 an honest boy， an hour， an honor， a hero 易混助记： ①在部分数词前要用an，主要有8，18，80，800，11等。如： An 18-year-old girl finished the dance competition successfully. 一个18岁的女孩成功地完成了舞蹈比赛。 ②In a university，a European and a one-eyed man walked with a useful tool. This is a usual thing. 在一所大学里，一个欧洲人和一个一只眼的人拿着一件有用的工具走着。这是一件平常之事。 ③An hour ago，an honest man accepted an unusual gift and went to finish an honorable task. 一个小时以前，一个诚实的人接受了一件非同寻常的礼物，然后去完成一项光荣的任务。 2.定冠词the的用法 用法 示例 特指说话双方都知道的人或物 She went to the supermarket to buy some fruit. 用在单数可数名词前表一类人或者事物 The train goes faster than the bus. 指上文提过的人或物 There is a bed in the room. And the bed is mine. 用在next， last， same， only等词前 I’m the only child in my family. 用在世界上独一无二的事物前 The sun is shining brightly. 用于序数词或形容词和副词最高级前 He is the tallest boy in his class. 用于江河、海洋、湖泊、山脉、群岛等名称之前 the Pacific Ocean；the Yellow River；the Yangtze River 用在乐器名称前 She likes playing the piano. 用于形容词前，表一类人或事物 The young should help the old. 用于姓氏复数前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇两人” The Greens will go boating with us. 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前 the Great Wall；the Summer Palace；the United States 用在年代前 in the 1980s 【口诀助记】冠词的用法口诀 名词有两＂冠＂，定冠不定冠，定冠就是the，不定a和an。 先分特泛指，确定大路线。泛指不定无，特指the定冠。 泛指可数单，须用a或an；辅音前用a，an在元音前； 复数不可数，泛指不用冠；前有代词限；冠词不再见。 复数不可数，泛指不用冠；前有代词限；冠词不再见。 3.零冠词的用法 用法 示例 表示泛指意义的物质名词、抽象名词前 Money can’t buy you happiness. 在一日三餐、球类运动、语言、棋类、学科等名词前 have supper；play football；play chess；learn English 不可数名词、复数名词前（泛指某类人或事物时） Children like animals. 在星期、月份、季节、西方节日前 （注意：我国含有“Festival”的传统节日前，要加定冠词the，如the Mid-Autumn Festival） on Friday；in March；in spring；Mother’s Day 在称呼语、职位、头衔等名词前 We made him manager of the company. 人名、地名、街道名、城市名、州、省、机场以及大多数大学、公园等专有名词前 Beijing Street；Baiyun Airport 名词前已有this， that， my， your， some， any， every， each等限定词修饰时 My pen is much more expensive than yours. 与by连用的交通工具名词前 by train， by bus 【口诀助记】零冠词用法口诀 下列情况应免冠，名词之前代词限； 专有名词不可数，学科球棋三餐饭； 复数名词表泛指，星月节日四季前； 颜色语种和国名，习语称呼及头衔。 4.冠词固定搭配 No.1 定冠词的固定搭配 定冠词the的常用固定搭配 at the same time同时 at the moment此刻 all the year round一年到头 all the time一直 at the age of...在...岁时 at the beginning/end of...在...结束时 in the end最后，终于 in the daytime在白天 by the way顺便问一下 for the time being暂时 go to the cinema去看电影 go to the doctor's去看医生 in the public eye广为人知的 in the habit of习惯于 in the distance在远处 in the way挡路 on the whole总的来说 make the most/best of充分利用 on the right/left在右/左面 the other day前几天 on the radio/phone通过无线电/电话 to tell (you) the truth说实话 in the form of...以......的形式 on the spot在场；到场；立即；马上； with the help of...在......的帮助下 the next day第二天 not in the least (＝not at all)一点也不 on the way to...在去......的路上 on the eve of...在......的前夕 in the habit of...有......的习惯 on the other hand...另一方面…… on the whole总的来说 to the point中肯，切题 No.2不定冠词的固定搭配 不定冠词的常用固定搭配 at a loss困惑，不知所措 as a result因此 as a rule通常，照例 as a matter of fact事实上 after a while一会儿后 at a distance离一段距离，从远处 all of a sudden突然 a waste of ... ……的浪费 a matter of ... ……的问题 a collection of一批…… a knowledge of (＝know)知道 an understanding of (＝understand)懂得 a great many许多 at a time每次 as a whole总的来说 after a while一会儿之后 have a good time玩得高兴 have a holiday度假 have a cold患感冒 have/take a rest休息一下 have a gift for有……的天赋 in a hurry匆忙地 in a word总之 on a diet节食 in a moment立刻 in a sense在某种意义上 have a population of有……人口 for a while暂时，一时 go on a diet节食 have a history of有……的历史 get a lift/ride搭便车 make/earn a living谋生 once in a while偶尔 once upon a time从前 make an effort 努力 make an apology道歉 have a good time过得愉快 have a word with...与......交谈 take an interest in...对......感兴趣 No.3零冠词的固定搭配 at risk 有危险 ahead of time 提前 by mistake 错误地，无意地 by chance/accident 碰巧地 catch fire 着火 at last最终 in debt 负债 in place 在恰当的位置 give way to 给……让路 in danger 处于危险之中 take part in 参加 out of control 失控 lose heart 灰心 lose heart 灰心 out of work 失业 face to face 面对面地 on time按时 day and night 夜以继日地 take care of照顾 take office就职 with pleasure高兴地 set fire to放火 do harm to...对......有害 after school放学后 in advance 提前 heart and soul 全心全意地 come into power/effect开始执政/生效 at dawn/noon/dusk在黎明/正午/黄昏 in time及时 take pride in...以......为自豪 for example 例如 from morning till night 从早到晚 under repair 处于维修中 on purpose 故意地 No.4固定搭配中含有零冠词和定冠词意义不同的情况 out of the question不可能 out of question毫无疑问 in future今后 in the future将来 in the front of在......的前面（在参照物里） in front of在......的前面（和参照物不相连） in case of以防，万一 in the case of就某人或某事而言 go to class/hospital/school上课/住院/上学 go to the class/hospital/school到课堂/医院/学校 in bed/church/prison/town睡觉/作礼拜/进监狱 in the bed/church/prison/town在床上/在教堂/在监狱里 take advice征求意见 take the advice听从建议 take place发生 take the place of代替 in place of代替 in the place of在......的地方 by day在白天 by the day按日计算 in sight of看见 in the sight of据......的见解 sit at table吃饭 sit at the table在桌旁 in charge of主管，负责 in the charge of在......的看管之下 in possession of拥有 in the possession of...被......所拥有 典例示范 1．I have ________ talk with my parents because I have ________ sweet tooth and it is bad for my health. A．a; the B．the; a C．a, a D．the; the 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我与父母交谈过，因为我喜欢吃甜食，这对我的健康有害。考查冠词。a一个，表示泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，表示泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the表示特指。根据“I have...talk with...”可知，此处表示“有一次谈话”，talk辅音音素开头的单词，用a；第二空“a sweet tooth”表示爱吃甜食，sweet辅音音素开头，用a。故选C。 2．There is ________ “u” and ________ “s” in the word “bus”. A．a;a B．an;an C．a;an D．an;a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在单词bus中有一个u和一个s。考查不定冠词。a一个，修饰辅音音素开头的单词；an一个，修饰元音音素开头的单词。字母u是辅音音素开头的，用a修饰，字母s是元音音素开头，用an修饰。故选C。 3．—What do you think of ________ film Nezha Ⅱ? —It is so wonderful! And it is my ________ third time to watch it. A．a; the B．a; / C．the; the D．the; / 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你觉得《哪吒Ⅱ》这部电影怎么样？——它太精彩了！ 这是我第三次看它。考查冠词用法。根据“...film Nezha Ⅱ”可知，第一空是特指《哪吒Ⅱ》这部电影，需用定冠词the；第二个空考查的是序数词前有物主代词时，无需再用冠词the。故选D。 4．Playing chess after school is ________ great fun for him. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】D 【详解】句意：放学后下棋对他来说是非常有趣的事。  考查冠词用法。a用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an用于元音音素开头的单词前；the表示特指；/表示零冠词。fun是不可数名词，表示“乐趣”时通常不用冠词。故选D。 5．—Where’s the local theatre? —It’s ________ east of the park, just in ________ front of the post office. A．the; the B．/; the C．the; / D．/; / 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——当地的剧院在哪里？——在公园的东边，就在邮局的前面。考查冠词用法。根据“It’s ... east of the park”可知此处表示方向，be east of在东方，east表示方向时，其前不加冠词；再由“in ... front of the post office”可知是说剧院在邮局前面，属于外部的前面，用固定搭配in front of。故选D。 即学即练习 1．Jenny had ________ interview for a job, so she didn’t go to ________ new shopping mall with her parents. A．the; a B．a; the C．an; the D．an; a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：珍妮有一个工作面试，所以她没有和父母一起去新开的购物中心。 考查冠词的用法。第一个空表示“有一个工作面试”，此处是泛指，interview表示“面试”，是可数名词，元音音素开头，故用an修饰；第二个空表示“去新开的购物中心”，此处表示特指，用定冠词the修饰。故选C。 2．_________ prize for the winner of the competition is a two-week holiday in Paris, _________ European city with many great attractions. A．A; a B．The; a C．A; an D．The; an 【答案】B 【详解】句意：比赛获胜者的奖品是在巴黎度假两周，巴黎是一个拥有许多名胜的欧洲城市。 考查冠词的用法。第一空后prize被for the winner of the competition所修饰，是特指，所以用定冠词the。第二空泛指一个欧洲的城市，European以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故选B。 3．Sue is _____exchange student from ____ USA．She is _____best student. A．a; a; a B．an; an; an C．the; the; the D．an; the; the 【答案】D 【详解】句意：苏是来自美国的交换生，她是最好的学生。exchange是以元音音素开头的单词，前面要用不定冠词an，排除A/C；USA（美国）是由普通名词构成的专有名词，前面要用定冠词the，the USA=the United States；best是形容词的最高级，前面要加the，排除B。故选D。 4．The film is worth seeing ________ second time as it reminds me of ________ happy old days I spent in the country. A．the; / B．a; the C．a;/ D．the; the 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这部电影值得再看一次，因为它让我想起了我在乡村度过的快乐时光。 考查冠词。a表示泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词之前；an表示泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词之前；the定冠词，表示特指等。根据句意，空二后名词有定语从句修饰，应是表示特指，故应用定冠词the，排除A和C；根据后句“as it reminds me of…happy old days I spent in the country.”可知，应是这部电影值得再看一次，故应用“a+序数词”结构，表示“再一、又一”。故选B。 5．Huai’an is a beautiful place and _________ place is worth _________ visit. A．a; a B．a; the C．the; the D．the; a 【答案】D 【详解】句意：淮安是一个漂亮的地方，并且是一个值得参观的地方。 考查冠词的用法。第一空特指前面提到的那个地方，用定冠词the，排除A、B两项；be worth a visit值得参观，固定表达，故选D。 6．This is ________ English book and ________ English book is green. A．a; an B．an; the C．the; an D．an; an 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这是一本英语书，这本英语书是绿色的。 考查冠词。第一空泛指“一本英语书”，English以元音音素开头，其前用不定冠词an；第二空特指前面提到过的那本英语书，用定冠词the。故选B。 7．—Put ________ waste bag in the dustbin. —It’s not ________ waste bag. It’s my shopping bag. A．a; the B．the; a C．/; a D．/; / 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——把这个垃圾袋放到垃圾箱里去。——这不是一个垃圾袋，这是我的购物袋。考查冠词的用法。从句意可知，第一空是指说话双方都知道的垃圾袋，用定冠词the；第二空是指一个垃圾袋，表示泛指，所以用不定冠词a。故选B。 8．_______ second Sunday in May is Mother’s Day. It’s _______ special day for children to show their love to their mothers. A．A; the B．The; a C．/; a D．/; the 【答案】B 【详解】句意：五月份的第二个星期天是母亲节，对于孩子们而言，那是一个向母亲表达爱意的特殊日子。考查冠词。a一（用于以辅音音素发音开头的单词前，表泛指）；the这个（表特指）；/不填。根据“...second Sunday in May is Mother’s Day.”，可知此处“...second Sunday in May”特指五月份的第二个星期天，此空应是定冠词the；“...special day”则是泛指一个特殊的日子，此空应是不定冠词a。故选B。 易混易错 易错点 1：a /an 发音判断失误（最高频错题） 口诀：不见元音不加 an，只看发音不看字母 易错点 2：乐器 VS 球类 / 棋类（定冠词 the 最大陷阱） play + the + 乐器（必须加 the）play the piano /play the guitar play + 球类 / 棋类 / 运动（零冠词，不加 the） play basketball /play chess /play football 易错点 3：序数词前 the /a 混用 the + 序数词：表顺序“第几”（特指）He is the first in his class. a + 序数词：表再一、又一（不强调顺序） I have eaten two apples. I want a third one.（再来一个） 易错点 4：专有名词冠词用法（地名、节日、三餐） 三餐、球类、星期、月份、节日（传统节日除外） → 零冠词 have breakfast /on Monday /in June / Children’s Day 易错点 5：固定短语中冠词有无（完形 / 改错重灾区） 易错点 6：抽象名词 / 物质名词泛指 vs 特指 物质 / 抽象名词泛指 → 零冠词 特指 “某一部分 / 某一种” → 加 the 解题方略 三步解题法（万能流程） 第一步：判断名词类型 不可数名词 / 复数名词 表泛指 → 零冠词 表特指（上文提过 / 有定语修饰 / 双方心知肚明）→ 用 the 单数可数名词（不能单独裸用！必加冠词） 第二步：区分「泛指」还是「特指」 泛指（任意一个、某一类）→ 用 a / an 再根据单词首音素，选 a（辅音）/an（元音）。 特指（这个 / 那个，有明确指向）→ 用 the 第三步：核对固定搭配 / 特殊规则（秒杀陷阱题） 乐器、序数词、最高级、江河湖海、党派团体 → 必加 the 球类、棋类、三餐、星期、月份、学科、人名地名（普通）→ 零冠词 固定短语（in front of /in the front of 等）死记搭配。 【基础通关】 一、单项选择 1．As the saying goes, “Life is like _________ ocean. Only the strong-willed can reach _______ other shore (岸).” A．a; the B．an; the C．an; an D．the; a 【答案】B 【详解】句意：俗话说：“生活就像一片海洋。只有意志坚强的人才能到达彼岸。” a一个（不定冠词，用于辅音音素前）；an一个（不定冠词，用于元音音素前）；the这个/那个（定冠词，表示特指）。第一空ocean以元音音素/əʊ/开头，表示泛指“一片海洋”，应用an；第二空other shore特指“彼岸”，应用the，应填an; the。 2．——Jack, I found ________ uniform on the floor. Is it yours? ——No, it’s Tom’s. Mine is on ________ fifth desk. A．a; a B．an; the C．a; the D．an; a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——杰克，我在地上发现了一件校服，是你的吗？——不是，是汤姆的。我的在第五张桌子上。a用于辅音音素开头的单词前，表示“一个”。an用于元音音素开头的单词前，表示“一个”。the用于序数词、特指的名词前。第一空：uniform以辅音音素/j/开头，所以用a，表示“一件校服”。第二空：fifth是序数词，序数词前必须加the，所以用the。 3．________ tall young man in ________ black suit is my cousin. He is ________ musician. A．A; the; the B．The; a; a C．The; /; a D．A; a; the 【答案】B 【详解】句意：那个穿那件黑色西装的高个年轻人是我的表弟。他是一名音乐家。 a一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词前，表泛指；the表特指。第一空：“tall young man”后有“in...black suit”作后置定语，表特指，用定冠词The；第二空：此处泛指“一件黑色西装”，且black以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a；第三空：“musician”是可数名词单数，表泛指“一名音乐家”，且musician以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。 4．—What do you think of ________ film Pegasus 3 (《飞驰人生3》)? —It is so wonderful that I want to see it for ________ second time. A．a; the B．a; a C．the; the D．the; a 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你觉得《飞驰人生3》这部电影怎么样？——它太精彩了，我想再看一遍。 第一空，film被片名限定，表示特指，需用定冠词the；第二空，根据句意可知是想再看一遍，序数词second前加不定冠词a表示“又一，再一”，“a second time”为固定搭配，意为“又一次/再一次”。 5．—Shall we play ________ tennis this afternoon? —Sounds good, but I don’t have ________ tennis ball. A．the; a B．/; the C．/; a D．a; a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——今天下午我们打网球好吗？——听起来不错，但是我没有网球。球类运动前不用冠词，所以第一个空不填；第二个空泛指一个网球，且tennis以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。 6．—Hey, Tom. Let’s play ________ guitar. —That sounds good. But I don’t have ________ guitar. A．a; the B．a; a C．the; a D．the; the 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——嘿，汤姆。我们弹吉他吧。——听起来不错。但是我没有吉他。  a不定冠词，表泛指；the定冠词，表特指。第一空“play + the + 乐器名词”为固定搭配，表示演奏某种乐器，应用定冠词the；第二空泛指一把吉他，应用不定冠词a。 7．—Judy’s cousin is from ________ small village. —Yes, and his birthday is on ________ fifth of April. A．a; / B．a; the C．the; / D．the; the 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——朱迪的表亲来自一个小村庄。——是的，而且他的生日是在四月的第五天。 a一个，泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；the这个，特指。第一空表示泛指“一个”小村庄，small以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a；第二空fifth为序数词，序数词前通常加定冠词the表示顺序。 8．________ girl with ________ apple in her hand is ________ volunteer in our community center. A．A; the; a B．The; a; the C．A; an; a D．The; an; a 【答案】D 【详解】句意：手里拿着一个苹果的那个女孩是我们社区中心的一名志愿者。 根据“girl with...apple in her hand”可知，此处特指手里拿着苹果的那个女孩，因此第一空用定冠词the；根据“apple”可知，此处表示泛指，且apple是以元音音素开头的单词，因此第二空用不定冠词an；根据“volunteer”可知，此处表示泛指，且volunteer是以辅音音素开头的单词，因此第三空用不定冠词a。 9．—It’s said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 ________ year. —Right, he will also get paid by ________ week. A．the, the B．a, the C．the, a D．a, a 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——据说约翰将得到一份每年薪水超过6万美元的工作。——没错，他还将按周领薪水。 第一空表示“每年”的概念，用不定冠词a，表示“每一”；第二空“by the week”为固定搭配，意为“按周（计薪）”。 10．Parkour (跑酷) is ________ outdoor activity. Now more young people love ________ activity. A．the; a B．an; an C．a; the D．an; the 【答案】D 【详解】句意：跑酷是一项户外运动。现在更多的年轻人喜欢这项运动。 根据“Parkour (跑酷) is...outdoor activity.”可知，第一空表示泛指一项户外运动，且“outdoor”是元音音素开头的单词，所以第一空用不定冠词“an”；根据“Now more young people love...activity.”可知，第二空特指上文提到的跑酷这项运动，所以第二空用定冠词“the”。 二、完形填空 Hello, everyone. I’m a dietitian (营养师). Many people want to be healthy, but 11 can we stay healthy? Let’s have 12 look. For breakfast, you can eat 13 delicious bread and eggs. Some people don’t eat anything in the morning. 14 very bad for their health. Breakfast is the most important meal for people. For lunch, you can eat rice 15 chicken and carrots. Some people 16 like eating carrots, but they are really good for our 17 . For dinner, you can have beef, soup and fruit. 18 juice or milk, not cola. And it is important 19 : don’t eat too much for dinner. If you do that, you can’t sleep well at night 20 you will be fat. Anyway, having healthy eating habits is our best doctor. 11．A．who B．how C．what 12．A．a B．an C．the 13．A．many B．some C．a bit 14．A．It B．It’s C．Its 15．A．at B．from C．with 16．A．haven’t B．aren’t C．don’t 17．A．eye B．eyes C．eye’s 18．A．Drink B．Drinks C．Drinking 19．A．remember B．to remember C．to remembering 20．A．and B．but C．or 【答案】 11．B 12．A 13．B 14．B 15．C 16．C 17．B 18．A 19．B 20．A 【导语】本文是一位营养师关于如何保持健康的建议，主要介绍了早中晚三餐的健康饮食习惯及注意事项。 【详解】11．句意：许多人想要健康，但我们如何保持健康呢？ 根据“can we stay healthy”可知，此处询问保持健康的方式方法，询问方式应用how。who问人，what问事物，均不符。 12．句意：让我们看一看。 根据“have…look”可知，此处为固定搭配have a look。look为辅音音素开头，用冠词a，an用于元音音素开头，the表特指，均不符语义。 13．句意：早餐你可以吃一些美味的面包和鸡蛋。 根据“bread and eggs”可知，bread为不可数名词，eggs可数名词复数，some可修饰两者。many只修饰可数名词复数，a bit后需加of，均不符逻辑。 14．句意：这对他们的健康非常有害。 根据“very bad”可知，句子缺少主语和系动词。根据语境，It’s=It is，指代不吃早餐这件事。A选项It缺动词，Its是物主代词，均不符。 15．句意：午餐你可以吃米饭配鸡肉和胡萝卜。 根据“rice…chicken”可知，此处表示米饭搭配鸡肉，with表示伴随状态符合。at表地点，from表来源，均不符。 16．句意：有些人不喜欢吃胡萝卜。 根据“like”可知，这是实义动词原形，否定句需借助助动词don’t。 17．句意：但它们真的对我们的眼睛有好处。 根据“our”可知，此处指代大家的眼睛，人都有双眼，且对应多人，应用复数形式，eyes符合语义。 18．句意：喝果汁或牛奶，不要喝可乐。 根据句首位置及建议语气可知，此为祈使句，祈使句以动词原形开头，Drink符合。Drinks是第三人称单数形式，Drinking是动名词均不符。 19．句意：记住这一点很重要：晚餐不要吃太多。 根据“It is important”可知，句型It is+adj+to do sth.“做某事是……的”，需用动词不定式作真正主语，to remember符合逻辑。 20．句意：晚上你睡不好，而且你会变胖。 根据“can’t sleep well”和“will be fat”可知，这是两个并列的负面后果，应用and连接并列成分。but表转折，or表选择或警告，均不符。 三、选词填空 用方框内所给单词的适当形式完成短文, 方框内有两项多余。 after  activity  have  although  be  in   than  popular  everybody  book  on  a For many people of Norway, skiing is the best way to have fun in winter. Almost 21 can ski. Children learn to ski 22 they learn to walk. Long long ago in Norway, there 23 no buses, trains or cars. People had to find 24 way to walk over the snow. Skiing is the right answer! 25 they love winter, the people of Norway are also happy to see summer come. They enjoy outdoor 26 at any time of the year. 27 summer, they swim and sunbathe near the beach. Some people go hiking and go mountain-climbing. Sailing is also very 28 during the warm sunny summer months. The Norwegians, like people everywhere,  find many indoor ways to 29 a good time. During the long winter they also enjoy movies. They like to read 30 in the libraries in all seasons. Family life is very important to the people of Norway. 【答案】 21．everybody 22．after 23．were 24．a 25．Although 26．activities 27．In 28．popular 29．have 30．books 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了挪威人如何在不同季节享受户外和室内活动，重点讲述了滑雪的历史渊源以及夏季游泳、远足、航海等活动的受欢迎程度。 【详解】21．句意：几乎每个人都会滑雪。空格处作主语，需用不定代词。选项“everybody”意为“每个人”，符合语义。 22．句意：孩子们在他们学会走路之后学习滑雪。空格连接“learn to ski”与“they learn to walk”两个动作，需用时间连词表先后顺序。选项“after”意为“在……之后”，符合语义。 23．句意：很久以前在挪威，没有公交车、火车或汽车。“Long long ago”提示时态为一般过去时，“there”提示句型为there be，空格处需用be动词的过去式，主语“no buses, trains or cars”为复数。选项“be”的过去式复数形式为“were”。 24．句意：人们不得不找到一种在雪地上行走的方式。空格后“way”为单数可数名词，“way”前需用不定冠词表泛指。选项“a”符合语法功能。 25．句意：虽然他们热爱冬天，挪威人也很高兴看到夏天的到来。空格连接两个分句，前句表“爱冬天”，后句表“高兴夏天来临”，需用让步连词。选项“Although”意为“虽然”，符合语境，位于句首需大写。 26．句意：他们在一年中的任何时间都享受户外活动。空格处作“enjoy”的宾语，需用名词。选项“activity”为可数名词，此处表泛指，应用复数形式“activities”。 27．句意：在夏天，他们在海滩附近游泳和晒日光浴。空格后“summer”为季节名词，需用介词表时间。选项“in”与季节连用，意为“在……季节”，位于句首需大写。 28．句意：在温暖晴朗的夏季，帆船运动也非常受欢迎。空格处作表语，需用形容词表示“受欢迎的”。选项“popular”意为“受欢迎的”，符合语义。 29．句意：挪威人和世界各地的人们一样，找到许多室内娱乐方式。空格前“to”为不定式符号，后需接动词原形。选项“have”与“a good time”构成固定搭配“have a good time”，意为“玩得开心”。 30．句意：他们喜欢在所有季节去图书馆看书。空格处作“read”的宾语，需用名词。选项“book”为可数名词，此处表泛指，应用复数形式“books”。 【培优提升】 一、单项选择 1．— ________ number of boys ________ playing basketball on the playground. — What’s ________ number of boys in our class, do you know? A．A; are; the B．A; are; a C．A; is; the D．The; is; a 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——操场上有一群男孩正在打篮球。——你知道我们班有多少个男孩吗? 考查冠词的用法和主谓一致。a number of“大量的”，后加可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词用复数；the number of“……的数量”，后加可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词用单数。结合句意为“一群男孩”，a number of符合题意；第二空，谓语动词用复数；第三空，根据句意问“我们班男孩的数量”及系动词是is，所以这里用定冠词the。故选 A。 2．This is ________ European wolf. And that is ________ Asian elephant. A．a; a B．a; an C．an; an D．an; a 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这是一匹欧洲狼。那是一头亚洲象。 考查不定冠词。不定冠词（a/an）表示泛指某物不确定的一个，用在单数可数名词前面。a用在辅音音素开头的单词前面；an用于以元音音素开头的单词前。European[ˌjʊərə'piːən]以辅音音素开头，用a；Asian['eɪʃn]以元音音素开头，用an。故选B。 3．— What do you think of________ film Better Days（少年的你）this evening? — Pretty good. I’ve never seen________ better one! I’d like to see it________ second time. A．a; a; the B．the; a; a C．the; a; the D．a; a; a 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你认为今天晚上的电影《少年的你》怎么样？——非常好。我没看过比这更好的了！我想再看一遍。考查冠词用法。the定冠词，表特指；a不定冠词，泛指，一个。第一个空特指《少年的你》这部电影，因此用定冠词the；第二个空泛指“更好的一个”，因此用a修饰；第三个空，a second固定用法，表示“再一；又一”。故选B。 4．— The Noble Prize for Literature 2012 was awarded to Mo Yan, ________ famous Chinese writer. And he is ________ first Chinese to win the prize. — Oh, really? How great he is! A．a, a B．a, the C．the, the D．the, a 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——2012年诺贝尔文学奖授予中国著名作家莫言。他是第一个获奖的中国人。  ——哦，真的吗？他真了不起！ 考查冠词。a不定冠词，表示泛指；the定冠词，表示特指。根据“famous Chinese writer”可知，此处表示泛指，用不定冠词a，排除C/D；第二个空后的first 是序数词，需用定冠词the。故选B。 5．Nanjing, ________ capital of Jiangsu Province, is ________ old city with many modern buildings. A．a; an B．the; an C．a; a D．a; the 【答案】B 【详解】句意：南京，江苏省的省会，是一个古老的城市，有许多现代建筑。 考查冠词，a/an一，不定冠词，表示泛指或数量单一，修饰单数名词，an接元音音素开头的单词；the定冠词，表特指。capital后面是 of Jiangsu Province，可知应该是表特指用the；city是单数名词，泛指“一座古老的城市”，old是元音音素开头，可知应该用an，故选B。 6．— How time flies! The work is coming to ________ end. I can go home soon. — Yes, but I need to stay here till ________ end of next month. A．the; an B．an; the C．an; an D．the; the 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——时间过得多快！工作就要结束了。 我很快就可以回家了。——是的，但是我需要在这里待到下个月底。考查冠词辨析。第一空表示“快要结束了”，英文表达为come to an end。第二空表示“在……的最后”，英文表达为the end of，故选B。 7．— When do you have ________ history? — It’s on ________ Friday morning. A．a; / B．a; the C．/ ; the D．/ ; / 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你什么时候上历史课？——周五上午。考查零冠词的用法。have history“上历史课”，学科前不加冠词；Friday morning“周五早晨”为泛指，其前不用冠词，故选D。 8．—These boys don’t have ________ pity on those homeless cats and dogs. —What ________ pity it is! They should be taught to care for animals. A．a;/ B．/;/ C．/; a D．a; a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这些男孩一点也不同情那些无家可归的猫和狗。——真遗憾！应该教他们爱护动物。考查冠词的用法。第一空固定搭配“have pity on”表示“对……表示怜悯”，不需要冠词，所以填“/”；第二空填冠词，表感叹句的习惯用法“What a pity”，因此填“a”。故选C。 9．—What do you think of ________ panda reserve you visited last weekend? —It’s great. It is ________ ideal home to wild animals. A．the; a B．the; an C．a; an D．an; an 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你觉得你上个周末参观的大熊猫保护区怎么样？——太棒了。它是野生动物的一个理想家园。考查冠词。定冠词the表特指，不定冠词a/an表泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前，an用于元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。第一空，根据句意可知，此处特指上个周末参观的那个大熊猫保护区，应该用定冠词the。第二空，home是单数可数名词，此处表泛指，且ideal是元音音素开头的单词，所以应该用不定冠词an修饰。故选B。 10．— Some students are coughing badly! —Yes. It’s ________ pity that we have ________ unusual time because of flu (流感). A．a; an B．/; an C．a; a D．/; a 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——一些学生咳得很严重！——是的。很遗憾因为流感我们经历着一段不同寻常的时间。考查冠词。“pity”是以辅音音素开头的可数名词，且此处为泛指，所以，第一空需填入a；根据“It’s...pity that we have...unusual time because of flu (流感).”可知，此处“time”应理解为可数名词，翻译为“一段时间”，又因“unusual”为元音音素开头的单词，且此处为泛指，所以，第二空需填入an。故选A。 二、语法选择 Hi, my name is Sun Qi. Today is Saturday. At the moment, I 11 the book A Little Princess. 12 book tells us a story about a girl called Sara. She 13 a seven-year-old girl. She had green eyes and long black hair. She lived 14 India (印度) with her father Ralph Crewe. Mr. Crewe was a 15 man and he had lots of money. He loved Sara and bought her lots of beautiful dresses, 16 and toys. When he brought Sara to Miss Minchin’s school in London, Miss Minchin was very happy. She liked girls with rich fathers 17 it was good for her school. Mr. Crewe went back to his work in India later, and Sara began her new life at school. She was a nice girl. She was friendly to others. 18 liked her and she soon made many friends at school. On the 19 eleventh birthday, there was some bad news from India. 20 father died in India. Sara was very sad, and she soon learnt who her true friends were. 11．A．read B．am reading C．reading D．reads 12．A．The B．A C．An D．/ 13．A．be B．are C．were D．was 14．A．on B．in C．at D．with 15．A．quietly B．quiet C．richly D．rich 16．A．books B．book C．schools D．school 17．A．but B．or C．if D．because 18．A．Everyone B．Everything C．No one D．Nothing 19．A．girls’ B．girls C．girl’s D．girl 20．A．her B．Her C．she D．She 【答案】 11．B 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．D 16．A 17．D 18．A 19．C 20．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了Sun Qi在周六阅读《小公主》这本书，并简要介绍了书中主人公Sara的身世及经历。 【详解】11．句意：此刻，我正在读一本书。根据“At the moment”，可知句子需用现在进行时，表示动作正在进行，A、D为一般现在时，C 缺少be动词。 12．句意：这本书告诉我们一个关于女孩Sara的故事。根据上文提到的书，可知此处表特指，用定冠词The。 13．句意：她是一个七岁的女孩。根据上下文时态为一般过去时，可知be动词用过去式。主语She是单数，用was。 14．句意：她和她的父亲Ralph Crewe住在印度。表示“在某个国家/城市” 用介词in，“live in+地点”是固定搭配。 15．句意：Crewe先生是个富人，有很多钱。根据“lots of money”，可知此处指富有的，修饰名词用形容词。 16．句意：他很爱Sara，给她买了很多漂亮的裙子、书和玩具。根据“dresses”和“toys”，可知此处用复数名词。根据语境，书符合逻辑。 17．句意：她喜欢那些父亲有钱的女孩，因为这对她的学校有好处。根据前后句是因果关系，可知后句解释原因，用because。 18．句意：每个人都喜欢她，她很快交了很多朋友。根据“made many friends”，可推知大家都喜欢她。 19．句意：在这个女孩的十一岁生日那天，从印度传来了坏消息。这里指Sara的生日，要用名词所有格。单数名词girl的所有格是girl’s，表示 “这个女孩的”。 20．句意：她的父亲在印度去世了。空格后是名词father，需要形容词性物主代词修饰，指代Sara的父亲，用Her，句首首字母大写。 三、短文填空 （一） 根据短文内容，在横线上填上适当单词，使短文完整、通顺。给出单词的空格不限一词，没有给出单词的空格限一词。 Germans (德国人) are known for their beers (啤酒) and soccer. 21 do you know that they also like to save money? According to (根据) some 22 (survey), Germans were 23 (interest) in saving money in the past. The 24 (world) first savings bank opened in 1778 in Hamburg, a city in northern Germany. By the end of 1836, there were more than 300 of these savings banks in the country. Germans think that saving money is 25 good habit. This makes every German 26 (become) a top saver in the world. German families have saved more than eight percent of their income (收入) over the last 20 years, according to OECD data. Why do Germans save money? According to the Financial Times, 27 (be) careful with money is part of the image that Germans have of themselves. They 28 (usual) believe that saving money is a virtue (美德), 29 being honest (诚实) or kind. What’s more, Germans also think that saving money is important for their country. If every German 30 (keep) dropping coins into money boxes, Germany will become richer and stronger. 【答案】 21．But 22．surveys 23．interested 24．world’s 25．a 26．become 27．being 28．usually 29．like 30．keeps 【导语】本文介绍了德国人热爱存钱的特点、相关历史背景、背后的文化原因，以及存钱对个人和国家的意义。 21．句意：但是你知道他们也很喜欢省钱吗？前句讲德国人的传统标签（啤酒、足球），后句转折引出“爱省钱”的特点，用表转折的连词But（句首首字母大写）。 22．句意：根据一些调查，德国人过去就对存钱感兴趣。some后接可数名词时，需用复数形式；survey是可数名词，复数为surveys。 23．句意：根据一些调查，德国人过去就对存钱感兴趣。固定搭配be interested in表示“对……感兴趣”，此处用形容词interested（修饰人）。 24．句意：世界上第一家储蓄银行于 1778 年在德国北部城市汉堡开业。表示“世界的”，需用名词所有格world’s，修饰后面的first savings bank，表所属关系。 25．句意：德国人认为存钱是一个好习惯。habit是可数名词单数，good以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a表示“一个”。 26．句意：这让每个德国人都成为世界顶级的储蓄者。使役动词make的固定用法：make sb. do sth.（让某人做某事），此处用动词原形become。 27．句意：据《金融时报》报道，谨慎用钱是德国人自我形象的一部分。句子缺少主语，需用动名词作主语，be的动名词形式为being（句中 being careful with money 整体作主语）。 28．句意：他们通常认为存钱是一种美德，就像诚实或善良一样。修饰动词believe需用副词，usual的副词形式为usually（通常）。 29．句意：他们通常认为存钱是一种美德，就像诚实或善良一样。此处用介词like表示“像……一样”，用来举例说明“存钱” 和“诚实、善良”同属美德范畴。 30．句意：如果每个德国人都持续把硬币放进存钱罐，德国会变得更富强。if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则：从句用一般现在时，主语every German是第三人称单数，keep需用第三人称单数形式keeps。 （二） 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 The fifteenth day of the 31 (eight) lunar month is the Mid-Autumn Festival. It 32 (be) a traditional Chinese custom (习俗) for centuries. This special day 33 (fall) on the night of the fullest moon. People celebrate it 34 many ways like enjoying the moon, praying for blessings (祈福), eating different 35 (kind) of mooncakes, and showing love to those far away. For example, in Fujian and Taiwan, the Mid-Autumn Festival has 36 different tradition (传统) called “Bobing (博饼)”. Family and friends sit around a big bowl with six dice (骰子). They take turns rolling (掷) 37 (they). Different sets of dice win different prizes (奖品). This game brings people together to celebrate with laughter (笑), 38 it becomes a popular tradition. The Mid-Autumn Festival is important to 39 (China) people. We can 40 (get) together and share love. Welcome to China and enjoy the wonderful day! 【答案】 31．eighth 32．has been 33．falls 34．in 35．kinds 36．a 37．them 38．and 39．Chinese 40．get 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国的传统节日中秋节，包括它的时间、庆祝方式，以及福建和台湾地区特有的“博饼”传统，展现了中秋节对中国人的重要意义。 31．句意：农历八月十五是中秋节。根据“the”可知，此处应用序数词，eight的序数词为eighth。故填eighth。 32．句意：几个世纪以来，它一直是中国的传统习俗。根据“for centuries”可知，本句应用现在完成时，主语为It，助动词用has，be的过去分词为been。故填has been。 33．句意：这个特别的日子在满月的夜晚来临。本句描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为This special day，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，fall的第三人称单数为falls。故填falls。 34．句意：人们用多种方式庆祝这个节日，比如赏月、祈福、品尝各式各样的月饼，以及向远方的亲人表达思念之情。“in many ways”为固定搭配，意为“用很多方式”。故填in。 35．句意：人们用多种方式庆祝这个节日，比如赏月、祈福、品尝各式各样的月饼，以及向远方的亲人表达思念之情。“different kinds of”为固定搭配，意为“不同种类的”，kind应用复数形式kinds。故填kinds。 36．句意：例如，在福建和台湾，中秋节有一个被称为“博饼”的不同传统。此处表示“一个不同的传统”，用不定冠词，different以辅音音素开头，因此用a。故填a。 37．句意：他们轮流掷骰子。此处作动词rolling的宾语，应用they的宾格形式them。故填them。 38．句意：这个游戏让人们聚在一起，在笑声中庆祝，并且它成为了一个受欢迎的传统。此处表示顺承关系，应用连词and。故填and。 39．句意：中秋节对中国人很重要。此处修饰名词people，应用China的形容词形式Chinese。故填Chinese。 40．句意：我们可以团聚在一起，分享爱。根据“can”可知，情态动词后接动词原形。故填get。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $