专题02 必修第三册Unit 3～Unit 4（期末复习知识清单）高一英语下学期译林版

专题02 必修第三册Unit 3~Unit 4单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 3 The world online 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公4 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1．billion num.十亿 2．frontier n．国界，边界；尖端，边缘 3．military adj.军事的，军队的 4．affair n．公共事务，政治事务；事件，事情 5．goods n．商品，货品；私人财产 6．click n．点击，单击；咔嗒声 vi.& vt.使发出咔嗒声；点击，单击 7．recipe n．食谱；方法，秘诀 8．cash n．现金；金钱，资金 9．comment n．议论，评论；批评，指责 vi.& vt.表达意见 10．surf vt.& vi.(互联网上)冲浪，浏览；进行冲浪运动 11．guideline n．准则，指导方针；参考 12．remove vt.删除；移走；开除 13．wide-ranging adj.覆盖面广的，内容广泛的 14．request vt.要求，请求 n．要求，请求；要求的事 15．upload vt.上载，上传 16．download vt.下载 17．mobile adj.可移动的，非固定的；行动方便的；流动的 n．手机 18．device n．设备，仪器；手段，技巧 19．quit vt.& vi.(quit，quit；quitted，quitted)停止，戒掉；离开 20．somehow adv.不知怎么地；以某种方式(或方法) 21．reveal vt.展示，显出；揭示，透露 22. percentage n．百分率，百分比；提成 二、单词拓展 1. comic n. 连环漫画；喜剧演员 adj. 滑稽的；喜剧的→comedy n. 喜剧→comedian n. 喜剧演员；滑稽演员 2. obviously adv. 显然，明显地→obvious adj. 明显的 3. access n. 机会，权利；入径，通道 vt. 到达，进入；使用→accessible adj. 可使用的；可接近的；可到达的 4. majority n. 大部分，大多数；多数票→major adj. 主要的；重要的 n. 主修课程；专业课 vi. 主修 5. commerce n. 商务，商业，贸易→commercial adj. 商业的，贸易的→commercially adv. 商业上，贸易上 6. deliver vt. 递送，传送；发表，宣布；交出→delivery n. 递送；交付；分娩 7. arrangement n. 安排；布置；约定；排列→arrange v. 安排，筹备；布置 8. establish vt. 建立(关系或联系)；设立；确立；使得到认可；查实，确定→establishment n. 建立；设立 9. instant adj. 立即的，立刻的；方便的 n. 瞬间，片刻；某一时刻→instantly adv. 立即 conj. 一……就…… 10. aware adj. 知道，意识到；察觉到，发觉；有……意识的→awareness n. 意识；认识 11. technical adj. 技术的，技能的；专门技术的；专业的→technically adv. 技术上地→technique n. 技术；工艺；技巧 12. entertainment n. 娱乐活动；招待，娱乐→entertain v. 使快乐；招待，款待→entertaining adj. 令人愉快的 13. addict n. 对……入迷的人；瘾君子→addicted adj. 上瘾的→addictive adj. 使人成瘾的→addiction n. 成瘾；着迷；嗜好 14. journal n. 日记；报纸，杂志→journalist n. 记者；新闻工作者 15. appreciate vt. 欣赏，赏识；感谢→appreciation n. 欣赏；感激；理解 三、常考一词多义熟词生义 1.take off 常用义 生义 脱下 I wish you’d take off that hat when you are in the classroom. 我希望你在教室里的时候把帽子摘下来。 突然大受欢迎,迅速流行;开始成功;(飞机)起飞;(突然且出人意料地)离开;休假 He took off at once and headed back to the motel. 他立刻离开，回到汽车旅馆。 The plane eventually took off at 11 o’clock and we arrived in Beijing at 1:30. 飞机最终在11点起飞，我们在1:30到达北京。 His third film has really taken off. 他的第三部电影真的很火。 2.deliver 常用义 生义 v. 递送,传送; Your lunch will be delivered to the front gate of the center at 12:30. 您的午餐将在12:30送到中心前门。 v. 发表, 接生 The professor will deliver a speech about the current international situation. 教授将发表关于当前国际形势的演讲。 The baby was delivered by caesarean section. 这个婴儿是剖腹产生下来的。 3. access 常用义 生义 n. 机会；权利；入径，通道 Considering your keen interest in Chinese culture，I suggest you apply for Peking University，where you can gain/have/get/obtain access to the best Chinese culture. 鉴于你对中国文化很感兴趣，我建议你申请北京大学，在那里你可以接触到顶尖的中国文化。 vt. (2021·全到达；进入；使用国甲卷)We accessed the wall through the South Gate. 我们从南门进入城墙。 四．单元短语 1. take off 突然大受欢迎，迅速流行 2. to a certain extent在一定程度上 3. at one’s fingertips掌握(信息)，熟悉、精通(知识等)，了如指掌 4. bring up使显示在计算机屏幕上，调出；提出 5. above all else最重要的是，尤其是 6. belong to属于，归……所有 7. set up创建，建立 8. be glued to sth 全神贯注看着某物，离某物很近 9. shoot past飞驰而过 10. knock sb off one’s feet撞倒某人，使某人双脚离地 11. be lost in全神贯注，沉浸于 12. cut back on减少，削减 学科网（北京）股份有限公27 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元佳句 1．句式：have＋宾语＋宾补 【教材】You can have food delivered to you using food delivery apps and sites. 通过外卖程序和网站，你可以让人送餐上门。。 2．句式：完全倒装 【教材】Gone are the days of searching shop after shop for the perfect pair of boots. . . 一家店一家店寻找那双最合适的靴子的日子一去不复返了…… 3．句式：There is no need to do… 【教材】There is no need to worry—you can pay for almost everything on your smartphone. 不用担心，几乎所有的费用你都可以通过智能手机来支付。 4．句式：“only＋状语”位于句首引起倒装 【教材】Only in this way can the Internet be a place of discovery，wonder and inspiration for everyone. 唯有如此，互联网才能成为每个人的发现之地、奇妙之所、灵感之源。 六．单元语法 动词-ing形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语 [观察例句]观察以下课文原句并思考黑体部分的功能,哪一个作定语,状语和宾语补足语 1.You can compare styles and prices quickly and easily in the comfort of your living room. 2.You also need to show respect when communicating with other online users. 3.You can make your argument more convincing and more likely to be accepted by the reader. 4.She always found dance relaxing after a long day at school. 5.Taking advantage of the site’s great start, Fiona decided to add more content. 6.Having achieved such success, Fiona hopes to attract more users through other forms of new media. [归纳用法] 一、 动词-ing形式作定语 1.单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语,一般具有两种含义。 (1)说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。如：a reading room=a room for reading　阅览室； running shoes=shoes for running　跑鞋；a working method=a method for working　工作方法 (2)表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态,在意思上接近一个定语从句,可以表示正在进行的动作,也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。如：These are a developing countries = These are countries that are developing这些是发展中国家； I can see a sleeping boy= I can see a boy who is sleeping 我看到一个正在睡觉的男孩 2.作定语的动词-ing形式如果是一个短语,则应放在被修饰词的后面,作后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。 There is a path leading to the top of the hill.(=which leads to the top of the hill)有一条通向山顶的小路。 Do you know the boy playing basketball?(=who is playing basketball)你认识在打篮球的那个男孩吗? 二、动词-ing形式作状语 　　动词-ing形式可以作状语,在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首;作结果、伴随状语时常位于句末。 1.Having delivered the milk to the customer’s house (=After he delivered the milk to the customer’s house), he went home for breakfast.把牛奶送到顾客家后,他就回家吃早餐了。（时间状语从句） 2.Being ill (= Since he was ill), he didn’t go to school yesterday.由于生病,他昨天没有去上学。（原因状语从句） 3.He was admitted into a key university,making his parents very proud (=and it made his parents very proud). 他被一所重点大学录取,这使他的父母很自豪。（结果状语从句） 4.Working hard at your lessons (=If you work hard at your lessons), you will succeed.如果你努力学习,你将会成功。（条件状语从句） 5.Surfing the Internet every day (=Although I surf the Internet every day), I limit the playing time to 30 minutes. 虽然每天都上网,但我把玩的时间限制在30分钟。（让步状语从句） 6.He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time (=and stared at the sky for a long time).他躺在草地上,盯着天空看了很久。（伴随状语从句） 三、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 1.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面,表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作,强调一个过程或一种状态。 When we returned, we found a stranger standing outside.当我们回来时,我们发现外面站着一个陌生人。 2.当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。 He saw her working in the field when he passed by.=She was seen working in the field by him when he passed by. 他路过时发现她正在地里干活。 3.能用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类词: (1)表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(短语)(常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等)+ sb. + doing sth.。 I felt somebody standing behind me.我感觉有人站在我身后。 When I entered the office, I found him downloading files on the computer. 当我进入办公室时,我发现他正在电脑上下载文件。 (2)表示指使意义的使役动词(常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等)+sb./ sth. + doing sth.。 We kept the fire burning all night long.我们让火整夜燃烧着。 The policeman caught two men fighting in the street.警察碰见两个人在街上打架。 (3)with复合结构 在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中,动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时,常常表示一个动作正在或一直进行。 With the crowds cheering, he sprinted to the finishing line.在人群的欢呼声中,他奋力冲向终点。 七．单元写作 写一篇网络用途的调查报告 本单元的写作任务是写一篇网络用途的调查报告。属于说明文。这类文章一般以柱状图、饼状图、线状图或图表的形式出现。写此类文章时首先要认真看图,找出里面所隐含的信息,然后通过相关的数据对某一现象进行客观描述。写作时要以事实为根据,避免加入个人的观点。 时态应以一般现在时为主，人称以第一,三人称为主。 [基本框架] 开头: 调查的背景,目的； 主体：上网的好处和坏处； 结尾：调查的结果。 [常用词块] (1)上网的目的 ①send /receive e-mails　 发送/接收邮件 ②play online games 玩网络游戏 ③do online shopping 网上购物 ④look up information 查找资料 ⑤chat online 网上聊天 ⑥mobile payment 移动支付 ⑦travel booking 旅游预订 (2)上网的好处 ⑧benefit from 受益于 ⑨keep in touch/contact with 与……保持联系 ⑩relax one’s mood 放松心情 ⑪broaden one’s horizons 开阔某人的视野 ⑫improve social skills 增强社交能力 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 ①The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life. 互联网在我们的日常生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。 ②Recently a survey was conducted about how ….. 最近进行了一项关于…调查。 ★正文佳句 ④It goes without saying that the Internet does bring about ….. 毋庸置疑,互联网确实给我们带来了…。 ⑤There is no doubt that …. 毫无疑问,….。 ⑥Being lost in the Internet may affect our study and work. 迷失在互联网可能会影响我们的学习和工作。 ⑦Doing online shopping has become part of their life. 网上购物已经成为他们生活的一部分。 ★余味结尾 ⑧All in all, the Internet has both advantages and disadvantages. 总之,互联网既有优点也有缺点。 ⑨Only if students are given proper guidance can they make the best of the Internet. 只有给予学生适当的指导,他们才能充分利用互联网。 网络用途调查报告 下面的图表是近五年青少年网络使用情况的调查结果，请你根据图表提供的信息写一篇调查报告，反映近五年来青少年使用网络的变化情况(列出至少两点)，并分析其原因。    注意: 1.报告内容必须根据图表来写； 2.写作词数应为100左右； 3.请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。 Report on Internet use of teenagers ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 As can be conveyed from the chart, over the past five years, there has been a sharp decline in the number of teenagers who use emails as a way of communication. In the meantime, the percentage of teenagers using online payment has soared dramatically by almost 30%. These changes result from the rapid development of the Internet. For one thing, with more and more instant messaging apps coming on to the market, teenagers replace sending emails with instant messages. For another, the quick and easy access provided by the Internet enables young people to buy almost anything they want without searching shop after shop. These changes have brought unbelievable convenience. In the near future, it must be a helpful assistant in every aspect of our life. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。下面的图表是近五年青少年网络使用情况的调查结果，请你根据图表提供的信息写一篇调查报告，反映近五年来青少年使用网络的变化情况(列出至少两点)，并分析其原因。【详解】1.词汇积累 表达：convey→express 方式：way→method 快速的：rapid→quick/speedy 难以置信：unbelievable→incredible 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：For one thing, with more and more instant messaging apps coming on to the market, teenagers replace sending emails with instant messages. 拓展句：For one thing, as more and more instant messaging apps come on to the market, teenagers replace sending emails with instant messages. 【点睛】[高分句型1] As can be conveyed from the chart, over the past five years, there has been a sharp decline in the number of teenagers who use emails as a way of communication. (运用了who引导限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] For another, the quick and easy access provided by the Internet enables young people to buy almost anything they want without searching shop after shop. (运用了过去分词短语作后置定语和省略关系代词引导的限制性定语从句) Unit 3 The world online 一、判断下列句子中comment/ remove/ appreciate的含义。 A. 评论(n. )  B. 评语(n. )  C. 发表评论(v. )  D. 评论意见(n. ) 1. When asked about the scandal, the official said “No comment”. ______ 2. The teacher wrote positive comments on the student’s essay. ______ 3. He refused to comment on the ongoing investigation. ______ 4. The film received mixed comments from critics. ______ 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 【详解】1. 考查名词。句意：当被问及这起丑闻时，这位官员说“无可奉告（不予评论）”。句中“No comment”为常见表达，意为“无可奉告，不予评论”，comment在此处作名词，表示抽象的“评论”。 2. 考查名词。句意：老师在学生的文章上写了积极的评语。句中comments作wrote的宾语，结合语境“老师在学生文章上写的”可知，此处指具体的“评语”。 3. 考查动词。句意：他拒绝就正在进行的调查发表评论。句中包含重点句型refuse to do sth. （拒绝做某事），to后需接动词原形，故comment在此处作动词，意为“发表评论”。 4. 考查名词。句意：这部电影收到了影评人褒贬不一的评论意见。句中comments作received的宾语，结合语境“从影评人那里收到的”可知，此处指具体的“评论意见”。 A. vt. 去除        B. vt. 移开       C. vt. 脱去       D. vt. 拿走      E. vt. 免职 5. He removed his jacket when he arrived home. 6. The company has removed the manager from his post due to his poor performance. 7. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not notice. 8. About that time, Tony Inglis’ engineering and transport company got the job to remove phone boxes from the streets and sell them out. 9. If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. 【答案】5. C 6. E 7. D 8. A 9. B 【详解】5. 考查动词与单词释义。句意：他到家后脱掉了外套。根据黑体词后“his jacket”以及“when he arrived home”句中removed为及物动词，表示“脱去”，his jacket作宾语。故选C。 6. 考查动词与单词释义。句意：由于该经理表现不佳，公司已将其解职。根据句中黑体词后“the manager from his post”可知，句中removed为及物动词，表示“免职”，作宾语。故选E。 7. 考查动词与单词释义。句意：如果一个鸟巢里有四枚蛋，而你拿走了一枚，鸟儿是不会察觉的。根据“one”以及“the bird will not notice”可知句中remove为及物动词，表示“拿走”，作宾语。故选D。 8. 考查动词与单词释义。句意：就在那个时候，托尼·英格利斯的工程与运输公司接到了一项任务，即从街道上拆除电话亭并将其出售。根据“phone boxes from the streets and sell them out”可知，句中remove表示“去除”，为及物动词，phone boxes作宾语，故选A。 9. 考查动词与单词释义。句意：如果你是主人，你可以让他们在厨房里帮你做点什么，然后直接让他们离开这个场景。根据“ask them to help you in the kitchen with something”以及“them from the situation”可知，remove表示“移开”，为及物动词，them作宾语，故选B。 写出句中appreciate的含义 10. We really appreciate all the help you’ve given us. 11. Many people don’t appreciate the importance of a balanced diet until they get sick. 12. The land has appreciated significantly since the new airport was built. 【答案】10. 感激 11. 认识到 12. 升值 【解析】10. 考查动词。句意：我们非常感激您为我们提供的所有帮助。句中appreciate作谓语，根据all the help you’ve given us可知，此处表示感激您提供的帮助，appreciate表示“感激”，故答案为：感激。 11. 考查动词。句意：许多人直到生病之后才认识到均衡饮食的重要性。句中appreciate作谓语，根据the importance of a balanced diet可知，此处表示认识到均衡饮食的重要性，appreciate表示“认识到”，故答案为：认识到。 12. 考查动词。句意：自从新机场建成以来，这片土地的价值大幅上涨了。句中appreciate作谓语，根据since the new airport was built可知，此处表示新机场建成以来，土地升值，appreciate表示“升值”，故答案为：升值。 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. Please confirm the (arrange) with the hotel. 【答案】arrangement/arrangements 【详解】句意：请确认与酒店达成的安排。空格前有定冠词the，空格后是介词短语with the hotel，因此空格处需要填入名词，作动词confirm的宾语。arrange是动词，意为“安排”，对应的名词形式是arrangement，表示“（行程、活动等的）安排”，这里特指酒店的安排，单复数均符合题意。 2. The customer suggested that the package (deliver) before noon. 【答案】should be delivered/be delivered 【详解】句意：这位顾客建议包裹在中午之前送达。此处suggest表示建议，其后宾语从句要用虚拟语气，从句谓语用“(should)+动词原形”，主语the package与deliver为被动关系，所以谓语动词为(should) be delivered。 3. When it comes to education in the rapidly developing society, the (major) of people believe that it is a lifetime study process. 【答案】majority 【详解】句意：在这个快速发展的社会里，当谈到教育时，大多数人认为教育是一个终身学习的过程。the majority of“多数……”是固定搭配。 4. A committee (establish) to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics in 1960. 【答案】was established 【详解】句意：1960年，成立了一个委员会，旨在减少对埃及古建筑的破坏，并防止文物的流失。主语committee与谓语构成被动关系，根据in 1960可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。 5. We should remember that being addicted to (surf) the Internet will get our lives and studies destroyed. 【答案】surfing 【详解】句意：我们应当牢记，沉迷上网会毁掉我们的生活与学业。be addicted to“沉迷于……”中to是介词，其后应接surf“网上冲浪”的动名词形式作宾语。 6. (obvious), being kind to others will bring us more warmth and happiness in life. 【答案】Obviously 【详解】考查副词。句意：显然，对他人友善待人会让我们在生活中获得更多温暖和快乐。修饰整个句子，用副词形式。obvious的副词形式为obviously，为“显然”之意，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Obviously。 7. He points out that the positive (comment) usually outweigh the criticism. 【答案】comments 【详解】考查名词。句意：他指出，积极的评论通常比批评更重要。comment是可数名词，意为“评论、评价”，根据谓语动词“outweigh”可知，主语用名词复数，表示“各种积极评论”。故填comments。 8. Our country definitely has the power to play a more and more important part in the world (affair) 【答案】affairs 【详解】考查名词的复数。句意：我们国家无疑具备在国际事务中发挥越来越重要作用的能力。affair是可数名词，不止一个，因此用复数，故填affairs。 9. China has long been known as the “factory of the world”, with the Made-in-China label often linked with cheap and low-quality (good). 【答案】goods 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：中国长期以来一直被称为“世界工厂”，“中国制造”的标签经常与廉价和低质量的商品联系在一起。空处作with的宾语，被cheap及low-quality修饰，应用名词复数形式goods，表示“商品”。故填goods。 10. (expose) to classical music as a child sparked her interest in becoming a pianist. 【答案】Being exposed 【详解】句意：从小接触古典音乐，激起了她成为一名钢琴家的兴趣。此处意为“接触……，暴露于……”，表达为be exposed to，在句中作主语，故应用动名词形式Being exposed。 11. My dream is to set a non-profit organization that helps children in rural areas get a quality education. 【答案】up 【详解】句意：我的梦想是成立一个非营利组织，帮助农村地区的儿童获得优质教育。根据“a non-profit organization”可知，此处表示“成立”一个非营利组织，set up“成立，建立”符合题意。 12. JustDance is a website belonging all dance lovers. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】to 【详解】句意：JustDance是一个属于所有舞蹈爱好者的网站。固定搭配belong to表示“属于”，需填入介词to。 13. The children in the mountain village have no , so their teachers often tell stories to them after class. (entertain) 【答案】 entertainment entertaining entertain 【详解】考查名词，形容词和动词。句意：山村的孩子们没有娱乐活动，所以他们的老师经常在课后讲有趣的故事来让他们开心。第一空位于动词have和形容词no之后，需用名词entertainment作宾语；第二空修饰名词stories，需用形容词entertaining作定语；第三空位于不定式符号to之后，需用动词原形entertain，构成动词不定式作目的状语。故填entertainment；entertaining；entertain。 14. What (percent) of babies died of this disease last year? 【答案】percentage 【详解】考查名词。句意：去年死于这种疾病的婴儿占百分之几？分析句子可知，设空处应填名词作主语，percent对应的名词形式是percentage，意为“百分比”，“What percentage of. . . ”为固定搭配，意为“……的百分比”，符合语境。故填percentage。 15. It is no good (quit) halfway through the project when you’re so close to success. 【答案】quitting 【详解】句意：当你离成功如此之近时，在项目中途放弃是没有用处的。此处为固定句型It is no good doing sth. ，意为“做某事没有用”，该句型后需接动名词作真正主语，所以此处填quitting。 16. What makes this story particularly (scare) is that it has an unexpected ending. 【答案】scary 【详解】句意：让这个故事格外吓人的一点，是它有着出人意料的结局。“make+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定句型，空处需填形容词scary“吓人的”，作宾语补足语。 17. Crazy fans held their breath, with their eyes (glue) to the skier’s final jump. 【答案】glued 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：疯狂的粉丝们屏住呼吸，眼睛紧紧盯着滑雪者的最后一跳。句中已有谓语held，此处是with的复合结构，their eyes与glue是动宾关系，此空应是过去分词glued，作宾补。故填glued。 18. In order (appreciate) your help, I would like to invite you to dinner this weekend. 【答案】to appreciate 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：为了表达对你的帮助的感激之情，我想在这个周末邀请你共进晚餐。空处需填动词不定式作目的状语，空前已有to，所以空处需填动词原形appreciate“感激”。故填to appreciate。 19. The region is famous for its fossil sites, and one exceptional area (reveal) about 5,000 fossils so far,which have provided invaluable insight into dinosaur evolution during the Middle Jurassic period. 【答案】has revealed 【详解】考查时态。句意：该地区以化石遗址而闻名，其中一处特别的区域迄今已出土约5000件化石，这些化石为研究中侏罗纪时期的恐龙进化历程提供了极其宝贵的见解。根据so far可知表示过去的动作对现在的影响，为现在完成时，主语为one exceptional area，助动词用has。故填has revealed。 20. Many foreigners (appreciate) the traditional Chinese tea ceremony and are attracted by its graceful and peaceful atmosphere. 【答案】appreciate 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：许多外国人欣赏中国传统的茶道，并被其优雅和平静的氛围所吸引。根据句意以及“are attracted”可知，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语“Many foreigners”是复数，谓语动词应用原形。故填appreciate。 三、完成句子。 1. 他让人把水泵手柄把移除掉了因为已经证实水井是这个街区多人死亡的罪魁祸首。(have +宾语 + 宾补；blame) He ___________________________ because it had been proved that the water pump ____________________ the multiple deaths in the block. 【答案】 had the handle of the pump removed was to blame for 【详解】考查时态、动词和动词短语。分析句子可知，设空一所填内容是“让人把水泵手柄把移除掉了”，表示“让人做某事”用have sth done，根据句意判断描述过去发生的事，句子用一般过去时，“水泵手柄”翻译为the handle of  the pump；“移除”翻译为remove；故此处应填had the handle of the pump removed；设空二所填内容是“是……的罪魁祸首”，英语表达是be to blame for，时态与主句时态一致用一般过去时，主语为he，结合主谓一致，故此处填was to blame for。 故填：①had the handle of the pump removed ②was to blame for。 2. 只有这样，才能发展更好的亲子关系。(only引导倒装句) Only in this way ________________________________. 【答案】can we develop a better parent-child relationship 【详解】考查倒装句。中英文句子对比可知，空处应填“才能发展更好的亲子关系”。根据only + 状语（in this way）置于句首，句子需用部分倒装的规则，应将情态动词can提到主语 we之前，“发展更好的亲子关系”翻译为develop a better parent-child relationship。故填can we develop a better parent-child relationship。 3. 如果你第一次尝试失败的话，也没必要担心。(there is no need to do. . . ) If you fail at the first attempt, ____. 【答案】there is no need to worry about that 【详解】考查固定句型。“没必要……”是主句，可用固定句型there is no need to do. . . 表示，“担心”用动词短语 worry about表示，结合句意，其后跟代词that作宾语，指代从句所说情况。故填there is no need to worry about that。 4. 同样重要的是“你的学业和其他活动。”(完全倒装：schoolwork and other activities) __________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Equally important are your schoolwork and other activities. 【详解】考查倒装句。描述一般事实，用一般现在时，“同样重要的”表示为“equally important”，“你的学业和其他活动”为your schoolwork and other activities，“是”为be动词，主语your schoolwork and other activities与be动词保持一致应用are，构成的句子正常语序为Your schoolwork and other activities are equally important，根据提示把表语置于句首，进行完全倒装，故翻译为Equally important are your schoolwork and other activities. Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 一、核心单词 1. republic n. 共和国，共和政体 2. deadly adj. 致命的；十足的，彻底的 3. mystery n．神秘，神秘的人(或事物)；悬疑作品 4. experiment n. 实验，试验；尝试，实践 vi. 做试验，进行实验；尝试 5. trial n. 试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 vi. & vt. 测试，试验 6. evolution n．进化；演变，发展 7. household adj. 家庭的，家用的，家务的 n. 一家人，家庭 8. postpone vt. 延迟，延期 9. error n. 错误，差错 10. theory n. 学说，论；原理；看法，意见 11. electric adj. 电的，发电的，电动的 12. standout adj. 突出的 n. 突出的人(或物) 13. credit n. 赞扬，认可；信用 vt. 存入金额；把……归于 14. negate vt. 取消，使无效；否认，否定 15. authority n. 权威，权力；官方 16. declare vt. 表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报 17. publish vt. 出版，发行；发表；公布 18. bacteria n．(sing.bacterium)细菌 19. evil n．罪恶，罪行；害处，坏处 adj.恶毒的；有害的；恶魔的 20．intellectual adj.脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的 n．知识分子，脑力劳动者 二、单词拓展 1. survival n. 生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物→survive vi. & vt. 生存；幸存，幸免于难→survivor n. 幸存者 2. broad adj. 广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的→broadly adv. 广泛地→broaden vt. 变宽，扩大……的范围 3. intend vi. & vt. 想要，计划；意指→intention n. 目的；意图；打算→intended adj. 预期的,计划的,打算的 4. limited adj. 有限的→limit n. & vt. 限制→limitation n. 限制；局限；极限 5. container n. 容器；集装箱，货柜→contain vt. 包含 6. beneficial adj. 有益的，有用的→benefit n. 益处 vt. 对……有益处 vi. 得益于 7. illustrate vt. 说明，解释；加插图于→illustration n. 图解，图示 8. surround vt. 围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关→surrounding adj. 周围的→surroundings n. 周围的环境 9. indicate vt. 表明；暗示；提及；指出→indication n. 表明；暗示 10. accident n. 意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭遇→accidental adj. 意外的；偶然的 11. intelligent adj. 有才智的，聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n. 才智 12. favour(AmE favor) vt. 较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n. 帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒→favourable adj. 赞同的，支持的；有利的→favourite adj. 最喜爱的 13. politician n. 政治家，从政者；投机钻营者→politics n. 政治(学)→political adj. 政治的 14. involve vt. 包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加→involved adj. 有关的；卷入的；复杂的 15. scientific adj. 科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的→science n. 科学→scientist n. 科学家 16. moral adj. 道德的；道义上的；品行端正的 n. 品行，道德；寓意→immoral adj. 不道德的 17. apply vt. & vi. 应用；申请；涂；有关→application n. 应用，运用；申请，申请表；涂抹，敷用→applicant n. 申请人 18. ignorance n. 无知→ignorant adj. 不了解的，无知的；无礼的→ignore vt. 忽视；不理睬 19. freedom n. 自由→free adj. 自由的；免费的→freely adv. 自由地 20. permit vt. & vi. 允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n. 许可证→permission n. 允许，许可 21. responsibility n. 责任，负责；职责，义务→responsible adj. 负责的 22. nationality n. 国籍；民族→national adj. 国家的；全国的；民族的→nation n. 国家；民族 23. marriage n. 结婚，婚姻；已婚状态→marry v. 结婚 三、常考一词多义熟词生义 1.charge 常用义 生义 vt. & vi. 控告；谴责；使……承担责任； n. 控告；谴责；掌管 She will take charge of the department while the manager is away. 经理不在时，她将负责这个部门。 vt. & vi. 充电；收费；使充满; 冲锋 n. 收费 My phone battery is low; I need to charge it. 我的手机电量低了，需要充电。 The store charges 20 dollars for this T-shirt. 这家商店这件T恤要价20美元。 The cavalry prepared to charge the enemy lines. 骑兵准备向敌军防线冲锋。 2.permit 常用义 生义 v. 允许，准许，许可 If time permits, you can turn to doctors for help, from whom you can get professional help. 如果时间允许的话，你可以向医生求助，从他们那儿你能得到更专业的帮助。 n. 通行证；许可证；执照 If you have no permit, you won’t be permitted to enter this building. 如果没有许可证，你将不被允许进入这栋大楼。 3. put forward 常用义 生义 提议，提出，建议；推荐 Many scientists put forward some useful suggestions at the meeting. 好多科学家在会上提出了一些有用的建议。 将……提前；拨快(钟表) The meeting has been put forward to Monday. 会议已提前到星期一举行。 My alarm clock was put forward one hour to wake me up earlier this morning. 今天早上我的闹钟调快了一个小时，以便早点叫醒我。 4.guarantee 常用义 生义 vt. &n. 保证，担保；确保 He gave me a guarantee that it would never happen again. 他向我保证这种事再也不会发生了。 These days getting a degree doesn’t guarantee you a job. 如今，拿到学位并不能保证你找到工作。 n. 保修单；保证金 We had to offer our house as a guarantee when getting the loan. 我们在贷款时不得不以房子作担保。 5. accompany 常用义 生义 vt. 陪同，陪伴 Children under 12 years old accompanied by an adult are admitted free. 12岁以下儿童需在一位成人的陪同下免费入场。 vt. 为……伴奏；伴随 Good weather accompanied my good mood(心情). 好天气伴随我的好心情。 He sang and Alice accompanied him on the piano. 他唱歌，爱丽丝为他钢琴伴奏。 四．单元短语 1. refer to查阅，参考；提到，谈及 2. speed up(使)加速 3. pay off成功，奏效，达到目的 4. through trial and error反复试验 5. by accident偶然，意外地 6. with a bang很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响 7. let sb down使某人失望 8. as to关于，至于 9. take it for granted想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然 10. put forward提出，提议，建议 五．单元佳句 1．句式：It was not until. . . that. . . 强调句型 【教材】However，it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu，after many failed experiments. 然而，直到20世纪70年代，屠呦呦才在多次试验失败之后发现了青蒿素。 2．句式：含蓄虚拟条件句 【教材】Without her broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine，Tu might never have discovered qinghaosu. 如果没有她丰富的中西医知识，屠呦呦可能永远也不会发现青蒿素。 3．句式：take it for granted that…(it作形式宾语) 【教材】Now，we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know. 如今，我们科学家理所当然地认为，生而有所不知是完全有可能的。 六．单元语法 动词-ed形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语 [观察例句]观察以下课文原句并思考黑体部分的功能 1.Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history. 2.Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival. 3.Born in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955. 4.Surprised by this, Fleming performed some tests. 5.He was intelligent and experienced enough to notice its potential, and his hard work and determination helped get its mass production started. [归纳用法] 一、动词-ed形式作定语 大多数动词-ed形式作定语时,既表被动又表完成。如:iced beer冰啤酒,cooked food熟食。少数及物动词的-ed形式只表被动,不表完成。如:spoken English英语口语,written English英语书面语。不及物动词的-ed形式只表完成,不表被动。如:fallen leaves落叶,a retired teacher一位退休教师。单个动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰的名词的前面, 作前置定语。动词-ed形式短语作定语时, 通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面, 在意思上相当于一个定语从句。及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动,可改为带被动语态的定语从句;不及物动词的过去分词(仅限于单个过去分词,且不能后置)则表示完成,可改为带有完成时态的定语从句。 The injured driver (=the driver who was injured) was sent to the hospital immediately.受伤的司机立刻被送往医院。 I was born in a small village surrounded by mountains (=which is surrounded by mountains).我出生在一座四面环山的小村庄。 【易错提示】少数单个动词-ed形式, 如left等, 只能作后置定语。 The books left are for my students.剩下的书是给我的学生的。 二、动词-ed形式作状语 　　多数动词-ed形式作状语时表示被动和完成,其作用相当于状语从句或and连接的并列结构,在句中作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随状语。 Asked whether he could do me a favor, he agreed readily. 当问他是否能帮我一个忙时,他欣然答应了。（时间状语从句） Written in a hurry, this article was not so good. 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好。（原因状语从句） Given another hour, I can work out this tough problem.再给我一个小时,我就能解出这道难题。（条件状语从句） 【知识拓展】动词-ed形式作状语 (1)有些动词-ed形式因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表状态。常见的词或短语有seated,surprised, excited, frightened, shocked, confused, annoyed, embarrassed, be lost in, be dressed in, be devoted to, be addicted to, be faced with, be used/accustomed to等。 (2)把状语从句改为过去分词作状语时,有时还可保留连词,构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语,即“while (when/once/until/if/though等连词)+过去分词”结构。如:Though wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight. 虽然受伤了,但那个勇敢的士兵依然继续作战。 独立主格结构 (3)动词-ed形式作状语时,其逻辑主语和句子主语一致。如果-ed形式动词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时,则用“名词/代词+动词-ed”的独立主格结构。 Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.她的衬衫被钉子钩住了,她动不了。 三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语 1.能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。 2.可以用动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的常见动词 (1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等。 We’d like to see the problem settled as soon as possible.我们希望看到这个问题尽快得到解决。 (2) 动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语, 这类动词包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。 I have my hair cut once a month.我每个月理一次发。 【知识拓展】“have+宾语+done”三重意义 ① (请人)把某事做完。 She had her house repaired.她请人把屋子修好了。 ②遭遇某种意外情况。 He had his hat blown away on his way home. 在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。 ③完成某事 (自己也可能参与)。 He had the calculation errors corrected while checking the accounts.核对账目时,他把计算错误更正过来了。 (3) 动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括like,want, wish, expect, order等。 He won’t like such questions discussed at the meeting.他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。 (4)动词-ed形式用在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构中。 All the afternoon he worked in the house with the door locked.整个下午他都锁着门在房子里工作。 【知识拓展】 动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中, 动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态,原来的宾语补足语则变成主语补足语。 I must get my bike repaired.我必须请人修理我的自行车。(宾语补足语) The girl was found beaten black and blue.人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。(主语补足语) 七．单元写作 写一个为科技节制订计划的文章 本单元的写作任务是为科技节制订计划。此类文章会和小发明创造有关,所以写作时要实事求是、言简意赅,语言较为正式。 时态应以一般现在时为主，人称以第一人称为主。 [基本框架] 开头：引出话题； 主体：原因以及措施； 结尾：发出倡议。 [常用词块] (1)活动安排 ①invite sb.to do sth.　　 邀请某人做某事 ②be scheduled to do sth. 被安排做某事 ③take place 发生;举行 ④with the purpose of 目的是…… ⑤take part in/participate in/join in 参加 (2)科技发明与创造 ⑥introduce sth.to sb. 向某人介绍某物 ⑦share sth.with sb. 与某人分享某物 ⑧improve the quality of life 　　 改善生活质量 ⑨have a better understanding of 对……有更好的了解 ⑩inspire sb.to do sth. 激励某人做某事 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 ①The Science Festival is scheduled to take place on the playground from 8 a.m. to 11 a.m., lasting three hours. 科技节定于上午8点到11点在操场上举行,持续3个小时。 ②I’m greatly honored to invite you to the Science Festival to be held in our school. 我非常荣幸地邀请您参加在我们学校举行的科技节。 ★正文佳句 ①It goes without saying that modern technology brings us convenience and comfort in life. 毫无疑问,现代科技给我们的生活带来了方便和舒适。 ②The purpose of the activity is to arouse the students’ interest in science. 这个活动的目的是激发学生对科学的兴趣。 ③The gadget is of greatly practical use in daily life. 这种小工具在日常生活中很实用。 ★余味结尾 ①I would appreciate it if you could join in the coming Science Festival. 如果你能参加即将到来的科技节,我将不胜感激。 ②Looking forward to your joining us. 期待您的加入。 为科技节写一个计划 假设你是李华，你的学校要举行科技节。请根据以下要点写一个计划： 1．科技节的主题：怎样保护环境。 2．在学校大厅;届时有著名科学家出席。 3．会展示很多有趣的实验。参加者会从中获益良多。 注意：1.词数80左右; 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 The Science Festival, whose theme is how to protect the environment, will take place in our school hall next Saturday. There will be some famous scientists attending the festival, who will introduce some knowledge about protecting the environment. In addition, they will show some interesting experiments. Each class has the chance to conduct an experiment, from which the students will learn a lot. At the end of the festival, the first prize will be announced. The Science Festival will inspire more students to get interested in science and work hard at it. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为学校的科技节写一个计划。 【详解】1.词汇积累 参加：attend→participate in 另外：in addition to→what's more 激励：inspire→encourage 机会：chance→opportunity 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：In addition, they will show some interesting experiments. 拓展句：In addition, they will show some interesting experiments, which will add color to the festival. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The Science Festival, whose theme is how to protect the environment, will take place in our school hall next Saturday.(运用了whose引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】Each class has the chance to conduct an experiment, from which the students will learn a lot. (运用了from which引导的非限制性定语从句) Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 根据语境选出加黑词汇的词性和词义 A. 控告 B. 负责 C. 向……冲去 D. 收费 E. 给……充电 1. The outstanding scientist is in charge of handling the matter. ________ 2. There are plenty of other benefits, too; it doesn’t charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room. ________ 3. The police charged the thief with stealing raw materials in the company. ________ 4. The kind-hearted mechanic helped charge my phone. ________ 5. Seeing her mother, the cute girl charged forward and hugged her tightly. ________ 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. E 5. C 【解析】1. 考查名词。句意：这位杰出的科学家负责处理此事。in charge of意思为：负责，为固定短语，此处charge为名词，意思为：负责。故选B。 2. 考查动词。句意：此外还有许多其他好处：它无需缴纳城市税；房间内配备了空调和暖气设备；每间客房都免费提供Wi-Fi。根据city tax“城市税”可知，charge此处为动词，意思为：收费。故选D。 3. 考查动词。句意：警方指控这名小偷在公司内盗窃了原材料。charge sb. with doing sth. 意思为：指控某人做某事，此处charge为动词，意思为：控告。故选A。 4. 考查动词。句意：这位善良的修理工帮我给手机充电了。根据my phone可知，此处charge为动词，意思为：给……充电。故选E。 5. 考查动词。句意：看到母亲在眼前，这个可爱的小女孩便冲了过去，紧紧地抱住了她。根据副词forward可知，此处charge为动词，意思为：向……冲去。故选C。 写出下列句中put forward的含义 6. The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. _____________ 7. I think he is fit for the position; therefore, I’ll put him forward as a candidate. _____________ 8. They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week. _____________ 【答案】6. 提出 7. 推荐 8. 将……提前 【详解】6. 考查动词短语。句意：经理提出了一个建议，那就是我们应该有一个助手。有太多的工作要做。根据“a suggestion”可知，本句中put forward意为“提出”，此处指提出建议。故填：提出。 7. 考查动词短语。句意：我认为他适合这个职位。因此，我将推举他为候选人。根据“as a candidate”可知，本句中put forward意为“推荐”，此处指推荐他当候选人。故填：推荐。 8. 考查动词短语。句意：他们把婚礼日期提前了一个星期。根据“the date of their wedding”可知，本句中put forward意为“将……提前”，此处指将结婚日期提前。故填：将……提前。 写出下列句中加黑词汇guarantee的词性和含义 9. I can’t guarantee what would happen to your shop then! ________ 10. There can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services. ________ 11. Whatever a guarantee says, when something goes wrong, you can still claim your rights from the shop. ________ 【答案】9. vt. 保证 10. n. 保证 11. n. 保修单 【详解】9. 考查动词。句意：我不能保证你的店到时候会怎么样！该句加黑词汇guarantee位于can’t后面，且后接宾语从句，因此为及物动词，意为“保证”，满足句意要求。故答案是：vt. 保证。 10. 考查名词。句意：不能保证火车之间或火车服务与公共汽车服务之间的连接。该句加黑词汇guarantee位于be动词以及介词of前面，因此为名词，意为“保证”，满足句意要求。故答案是：n. 保证。 11. 考查名词。句意：不管保修单上写了什么，一旦出了问题，你仍然可以向商店索赔。该句加黑词汇guarantee位于冠词a后面，因此为名词，意为“保修单”，满足句意要求。故答案是：n. 保修单。 根据语境选出加黑词汇的词性和词义 A. n. 赞扬，赞许       B. n. 学分      C. n. 为……赢得荣誉的人(或事物)     D. n. 贷款 12. The bank refused further credit to the company. 13. She got no credit for solving the problem. 14. Each of these classes is worth three credits. 15. Such a student is a credit to his class. 【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C 【详解】12. 考查名词。句意：银行拒绝再向该公司提供信贷。credit作refuse的宾语，是名词，结合“the bank”可知，该词表示“贷款”，故选D。 13. 考查名词。句意：她未能因解决这个问题而获得任何奖励。credit作got的宾语，是名词，结合“for solving the problem”可知，该词表示“赞扬，赞许”，故选A。 14. 考查名词。句意：这些课程每门都计3个学分。credits作be worth的宾语，是名词，结合“these classes”可知，该词表示“学分”，故选B。 15. 考查名词。句意：这样的学生堪称他所在班级的骄傲。credit作表语，结合a可知此时它是名词，根据“to his class”推测，该词表示“为……赢得荣誉的人(或事物)  ”，故选C。 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. The older people we respect are those who gain (wise) after experiencing many difficulties in their lives. 【答案】wisdom 【详解】句意：我们尊敬的年长者是那些在经历了生活中许多困难后获得智慧的人。设空处应填名词作动词gain的宾语，所给词wise为形容词，需变为名词wisdom，不可数。 2. The new medical care policy will be (benefit) to us all. 【答案】beneficial 【详解】句意：新的医疗政策将对我们所有人有益。作表语，需用形容词beneficial“有益的，有利的”，表明主语的性质。 3. It’s well-known that cancer is a (dead) disease. 【答案】deadly 【详解】句意：众所周知，癌症是一种致命的疾病。空格处需要形容词修饰名词disease，deadly“致命的”符合。 4. Today, although the resource (limit) to scaffolding or remote housing projects, advocates have recently campaigned for its usage in modern construction. 【答案】is limited 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：如今，尽管这种资源仅限于脚手架或偏远地区住房项目，但倡导者们最近一直在为其在现代建筑中的使用进行宣传。句子描述现在的客观情况，应用一般现在时。主语the resource与limit之间是被动关系，即“资源被限制”，所以要用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are +过去分词”，主语是单数，所以用is，limit的过去分词是limited。 5. There’s no doubt that the consumers are still very (sense) to the price. 【答案】sensitive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：毫无疑问，消费者对价格仍然非常敏感。根据句意及英文提示可知，此处使用形容词sensitive“敏感的”，作表语。be sensitive to意为“对……敏感”。故填sensitive。 6. Before discovering (electric), people relied on fire as a source of light. 【答案】electricity　 【详解】考查名词。句意：在发现电之前，人们依靠火作为光源。此空作discovering的宾语，所以用名词electricity，表示“电”，故填electricity。 7. Susan is a very (intelligence) woman who knows her own mind. 【答案】intelligent　 【详解】考查形容词。句意：苏珊是个非常聪明、有主见的女人。形容词修饰名词，空处修饰名词woman，用形容词形式intelligent，作定语。故填intelligent。 8. Standing at the top of the mountain, we admired the (surround) scenes. 【答案】surrounding　 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们站在山顶上，欣赏四周的景色。空处修饰名词scenes故用形容词surrounding，作定语。故填surrounding。 9. He likes playing computer games. As study, he cares nothing about it. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：他喜欢玩电脑游戏。关于学习，他一点也不关心。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处是固定短语as to“关于”。故填to。 10. (ignore) is no excuse for breaking the law. 【答案】Ignorance 【详解】考查名词。句意：无知不能成为违法的借口。空处作主语，表示“无知”应用名词ignorance，表抽象概念，不可数。故填Ignorance。 11. I didn't want to get (involve) in their argument. 【答案】involved 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我不想牵扯到他们的争论中去。结合句意表示“牵扯进，卷入”可知短语为get involved in。故填involved。 12. He didn't want to let his parents , so he studied even harder than before. 【答案】down 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：他不想让他的父母失望，所以他比以前更加努力地学习。结合句意表示“让某人失望”可知短语为let sb. down。故填down。 13. He has an expensive wristwatch and he misses no opportunity to show it . 【答案】off 【详解】考查介词。句意：他有一块昂贵的手表，他抓住一切机会炫耀它。根据句意可知， show off“ 炫耀”为固定短语，符合题意，故填off。 14. We don't permit (speak) aloud in the library. 【答案】speaking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们不允许在图书馆里大声说话。permit doing表示允许做某事，动名词作宾语。故答案为speaking。 15. Due to the (apply) of this medical technology, some diseases can be treated at the early stage. 【答案】application 【详解】考查名词。句意：由于这种医疗技术的应用，有些疾病可以在早期治疗。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用名词application，由空前the及空后this medical technology可知，此处特指“这种医疗技术的应用”，应用名词单数形式。故填application。 17. Swimming is one of Mr Wang’s (favour) hobbies in his spare time. 【答案】favourite 【详解】考查形容词。句意：游泳是王先生业余时间最喜欢的爱好之一。根据后文名词hobbies可知，此处应用favour的形容词形式favourite作定语修饰名词。故填favourite。 18. We should analyze social problems from an objective and (science) point of view. 【答案】scientific 【详解】句意：我们应以客观、科学的视角分析社会问题。修饰名词point用形容词scientific，作定语。 19. Spacesuits should allow excellent (free) of movement for the wearers, who may often go on spacewalks outside their ship to perform delicate equipment repairs all by themselves. 【答案】freedom 【详解】句意：宇航服应为穿戴者提供出色的活动自由度，因为他们可能需要经常在飞船外进行太空行走，独自进行精密的设备维修。根据excellent为形容词，修饰名词，以及括号中所给词free可知，此处应填其名词形式freedom，表示“自由”，是不可数名词。 20. The government has deliberately prevented its foreign staff from gaining work (permit). 【答案】permits 【详解】句意：政府故意阻止其外籍员工获得工作许可证。本空作动词gain的宾语，用名词permit“许可证”的复数形式permits，表示不止一个工作许可证。 三、完成句子。 1. 直到收到你最近的一封信，我才知道你喜欢中国文化。(强调句） ________________I knew you were fond of Chinese culture. 【答案】It was not until I received your last letter that 【详解】考查强调句和时态。根据汉语提示，这里应用It is/was not until. . . that. . . 强调句型。“收到”可表示为receive；“最近的”可表示为last；“信”可表示为letter。根据句中的knew和句意，这里表示过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填It was not until I received your last letter that。 2. 没有空气、水和能量就没有生物。（含蓄条件虚拟) ___________________, there ________ no living things. 【答案】 Without air, water and energy would be 【详解】考查虚拟语气。分析句意可知，表示“没有”可用without；表示“空气、水和能量”用名词air, water and energy，且此处的without短语相当于含蓄条件句；主句是there be句型，根据题目要求用虚拟语气，所以主句谓语动词用would be。故答案为①Without air, water and energy②would be。 3. 没有英语老师的鼓励和帮助，我早就放弃学英语了。（含蓄条件虚拟句） Without my English teacher’s encouragement and assistance,________________ . 【答案】I would have given up studying English 【详解】考查虚拟语气。“放弃做”使用动词短语give up doing，“学英语”使用动词短语study English，空前是虚拟条件，故空处使用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词使用would have done结构。故填I would have given up studying English。 4. 他似乎理所当然地认为他应当作为代表发言。 He seemed to take it for granted that ________. 【答案】he should speak as a representative 【详解】考查情态动词。that引导的宾语从句中表示“他”用he，作主语；“应当”译为should，“作为代表发言”译为speak as a representative。故填he should speak as a representative。 $专题02 必修第三册Unit 3~Unit 4单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 3 The world online 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公4 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1． num.十亿 2． n．国界，边界；尖端，边缘 3． adj.军事的，军队的 4． n．公共事务，政治事务；事件，事情 5． n．商品，货品；私人财产 6． n．点击，单击；咔嗒声 vi.& vt.使发出咔嗒声；点击，单击 7． n．食谱；方法，秘诀 8． n．现金；金钱，资金 9． n．议论，评论；批评，指责 vi.& vt.表达意见 10． vt.& vi.(互联网上)冲浪，浏览；进行冲浪运动 11． n．准则，指导方针；参考 12． vt.删除；移走；开除 13． adj.覆盖面广的，内容广泛的 14． vt.要求，请求 n．要求，请求；要求的事 15． vt.上载，上传 16． vt.下载 17． adj.可移动的，非固定的；行动方便的；流动的 n．手机 18． n．设备，仪器；手段，技巧 19． vt.& vi.(quit，quit；quitted，quitted)停止，戒掉；离开 20． adv.不知怎么地；以某种方式(或方法) 21． vt.展示，显出；揭示，透露 22. n．百分率，百分比；提成 二、单词拓展 1. n. 连环漫画；喜剧演员 adj. 滑稽的；喜剧的→ n. 喜剧→ n. 喜剧演员；滑稽演员 2. adv. 显然，明显地→ adj. 明显的 3. n. 机会，权利；入径，通道 vt. 到达，进入；使用→ adj. 可使用的；可接近的；可到达的 4. n. 大部分，大多数；多数票→ adj. 主要的；重要的 n. 主修课程；专业课 vi. 主修 5. n. 商务，商业，贸易→ adj. 商业的，贸易的→ adv. 商业上，贸易上 6. vt. 递送，传送；发表，宣布；交出→ n. 递送；交付；分娩 7. n. 安排；布置；约定；排列→ v. 安排，筹备；布置 8. vt. 建立(关系或联系)；设立；确立；使得到认可；查实，确定→ n. 建立；设立 9. adj. 立即的，立刻的；方便的 n. 瞬间，片刻；某一时刻→ adv. 立即 conj. 一……就…… 10. adj. 知道，意识到；察觉到，发觉；有……意识的→ n. 意识；认识 11. adj. 技术的，技能的；专门技术的；专业的→ adv. 技术上地→ n. 技术；工艺；技巧 12. n. 娱乐活动；招待，娱乐→ v. 使快乐；招待，款待→ adj. 令人愉快的 13. n. 对……入迷的人；瘾君子→ adj. 上瘾的→ adj. 使人成瘾的→ n. 成瘾；着迷；嗜好 14. n. 日记；报纸，杂志→ n. 记者；新闻工作者 15. vt. 欣赏，赏识；感谢→ n. 欣赏；感激；理解 三、常考一词多义熟词生义 1.take off 常用义 生义 脱下 I wish you’d take off that hat when you are in the classroom. 我希望你在教室里的时候把帽子摘下来。 ________________________ He took off at once and headed back to the motel. 他立刻离开，回到汽车旅馆。 The plane eventually took off at 11 o’clock and we arrived in Beijing at 1:30. 飞机最终在11点起飞，我们在1:30到达北京。 His third film has really taken off. 他的第三部电影真的很火。 2.deliver 常用义 生义 v. 递送,传送; Your lunch will be delivered to the front gate of the center at 12:30. 您的午餐将在12:30送到中心前门。 v. The professor will deliver a speech about the current international situation. 教授将发表关于当前国际形势的演讲。 The baby was delivered by caesarean section. 这个婴儿是剖腹产生下来的。 3. access 常用义 生义 n. 机会；权利；入径，通道 Considering your keen interest in Chinese culture，I suggest you apply for Peking University，where you can gain/have/get/obtain access to the best Chinese culture. 鉴于你对中国文化很感兴趣，我建议你申请北京大学，在那里你可以接触到顶尖的中国文化。 vt. ____________ (2021·全国甲卷)We accessed the wall through the South Gate. 我们从南门进入城墙。 四．单元短语 1. 突然大受欢迎，迅速流行 2. 在一定程度上 3. 掌握(信息)，熟悉、精通(知识等)，了如指掌 4. 使显示在计算机屏幕上，调出；提出 5. 最重要的是，尤其是 6. 属于，归……所有 7. 创建，建立 8. 全神贯注看着某物，离某物很近 9. 飞驰而过 10. 撞倒某人，使某人双脚离地 11. 全神贯注，沉浸于 12. 减少，削减 学科网（北京）股份有限公16 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五．单元佳句 1．句式：have＋宾语＋宾补 【教材】You can to you using food delivery apps and sites. 通过外卖程序和网站，你可以让人送餐上门。。 2．句式：完全倒装 【教材】 of searching shop after shop for the perfect pair of boots. . . 一家店一家店寻找那双最合适的靴子的日子一去不复返了…… 3．句式：There is no need to do… 【教材】 —you can pay for almost everything on your smartphone. 不用担心，几乎所有的费用你都可以通过智能手机来支付。 4．句式：“only＋状语”位于句首引起倒装 【教材】 a place of discovery，wonder and inspiration for everyone. 唯有如此，互联网才能成为每个人的发现之地、奇妙之所、灵感之源。 六．单元语法 动词-ing形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语 [观察例句]观察以下课文原句并思考黑体部分的功能,哪一个作定语,状语和宾语补足语 1.You can compare styles and prices quickly and easily in the comfort of your living room. 2.You also need to show respect when communicating with other online users. 3.You can make your argument more convincing and more likely to be accepted by the reader. 4.She always found dance relaxing after a long day at school. 5.Taking advantage of the site’s great start, Fiona decided to add more content. 6.Having achieved such success, Fiona hopes to attract more users through other forms of new media. [归纳用法] 一、 动词-ing形式作定语 1.单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语,一般具有两种含义。 (1)说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。如：a reading room=a room for reading　阅览室； running shoes=shoes for running　跑鞋；a working method=a method for working　工作方法 (2)表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态,在意思上接近一个定语从句,可以表示正在进行的动作,也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。如：These are a developing countries = These are countries that are developing这些是发展中国家； I can see a sleeping boy= I can see a boy who is sleeping 我看到一个正在睡觉的男孩 2.作定语的动词-ing形式如果是一个短语,则应放在被修饰词的后面,作后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。 There is a path leading to the top of the hill.(=which leads to the top of the hill)有一条通向山顶的小路。 Do you know the boy playing basketball?(=who is playing basketball)你认识在打篮球的那个男孩吗? 二、动词-ing形式作状语 　　动词-ing形式可以作状语,在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首;作结果、伴随状语时常位于句末。 1.Having delivered the milk to the customer’s house (=After he delivered the milk to the customer’s house), he went home for breakfast.把牛奶送到顾客家后,他就回家吃早餐了。（时间状语从句） 2.Being ill (= Since he was ill), he didn’t go to school yesterday.由于生病,他昨天没有去上学。（原因状语从句） 3.He was admitted into a key university,making his parents very proud (=and it made his parents very proud). 他被一所重点大学录取,这使他的父母很自豪。（结果状语从句） 4.Working hard at your lessons (=If you work hard at your lessons), you will succeed.如果你努力学习,你将会成功。（条件状语从句） 5.Surfing the Internet every day (=Although I surf the Internet every day), I limit the playing time to 30 minutes. 虽然每天都上网,但我把玩的时间限制在30分钟。（让步状语从句） 6.He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time (=and stared at the sky for a long time).他躺在草地上,盯着天空看了很久。（伴随状语从句） 三、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 1.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面,表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作,强调一个过程或一种状态。 When we returned, we found a stranger standing outside.当我们回来时,我们发现外面站着一个陌生人。 2.当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。 He saw her working in the field when he passed by.=She was seen working in the field by him when he passed by. 他路过时发现她正在地里干活。 3.能用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类词: (1)表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(短语)(常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等)+ sb. + doing sth.。 I felt somebody standing behind me.我感觉有人站在我身后。 When I entered the office, I found him downloading files on the computer. 当我进入办公室时,我发现他正在电脑上下载文件。 (2)表示指使意义的使役动词(常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等)+sb./ sth. + doing sth.。 We kept the fire burning all night long.我们让火整夜燃烧着。 The policeman caught two men fighting in the street.警察碰见两个人在街上打架。 (3)with复合结构 在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中,动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时,常常表示一个动作正在或一直进行。 With the crowds cheering, he sprinted to the finishing line.在人群的欢呼声中,他奋力冲向终点。 七．单元写作 写一篇网络用途的调查报告 本单元的写作任务是写一篇网络用途的调查报告。属于说明文。这类文章一般以柱状图、饼状图、线状图或图表的形式出现。写此类文章时首先要认真看图,找出里面所隐含的信息,然后通过相关的数据对某一现象进行客观描述。写作时要以事实为根据,避免加入个人的观点。 时态应以一般现在时为主，人称以第一,三人称为主。 [基本框架] 开头: 调查的背景,目的； 主体：上网的好处和坏处； 结尾：调查的结果。 [常用词块] (1)上网的目的 ①send /receive e-mails　 发送/接收邮件 ②play online games 玩网络游戏 ③do online shopping 网上购物 ④look up information 查找资料 ⑤chat online 网上聊天 ⑥mobile payment 移动支付 ⑦travel booking 旅游预订 (2)上网的好处 ⑧benefit from 受益于 ⑨keep in touch/contact with 与……保持联系 ⑩relax one’s mood 放松心情 ⑪broaden one’s horizons 开阔某人的视野 ⑫improve social skills 增强社交能力 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 ①The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life. 互联网在我们的日常生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。 ②Recently a survey was conducted about how ….. 最近进行了一项关于…调查。 ★正文佳句 ④It goes without saying that the Internet does bring about ….. 毋庸置疑,互联网确实给我们带来了…。 ⑤There is no doubt that …. 毫无疑问,….。 ⑥Being lost in the Internet may affect our study and work. 迷失在互联网可能会影响我们的学习和工作。 ⑦Doing online shopping has become part of their life. 网上购物已经成为他们生活的一部分。 ★余味结尾 ⑧All in all, the Internet has both advantages and disadvantages. 总之,互联网既有优点也有缺点。 ⑨Only if students are given proper guidance can they make the best of the Internet. 只有给予学生适当的指导,他们才能充分利用互联网。 网络用途调查报告 下面的图表是近五年青少年网络使用情况的调查结果，请你根据图表提供的信息写一篇调查报告，反映近五年来青少年使用网络的变化情况(列出至少两点)，并分析其原因。    注意: 1.报告内容必须根据图表来写； 2.写作词数应为100左右； 3.请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。 Report on Internet use of teenagers ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Unit 3 The world online 一、判断下列句子中comment/ remove/ appreciate的含义。 A. 评论(n. )  B. 评语(n. )  C. 发表评论(v. )  D. 评论意见(n. ) 1. When asked about the scandal, the official said “No comment”. ______ 2. The teacher wrote positive comments on the student’s essay. ______ 3. He refused to comment on the ongoing investigation. ______ 4. The film received mixed comments from critics. ______ A. vt. 去除        B. vt. 移开       C. vt. 脱去       D. vt. 拿走      E. vt. 免职 5. He removed his jacket when he arrived home. 6. The company has removed the manager from his post due to his poor performance. 7. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not notice. 8. About that time, Tony Inglis’ engineering and transport company got the job to remove phone boxes from the streets and sell them out. 9. If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. 写出句中appreciate的含义 10. We really appreciate all the help you’ve given us. 11. Many people don’t appreciate the importance of a balanced diet until they get sick. 12. The land has appreciated significantly since the new airport was built. 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. Please confirm the (arrange) with the hotel. 2. The customer suggested that the package (deliver) before noon. 3. When it comes to education in the rapidly developing society, the (major) of people believe that it is a lifetime study process. 4. A committee (establish) to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics in 1960. 5. We should remember that being addicted to (surf) the Internet will get our lives and studies destroyed. 6. (obvious), being kind to others will bring us more warmth and happiness in life. 7. He points out that the positive (comment) usually outweigh the criticism. 8. Our country definitely has the power to play a more and more important part in the world (affair) 9. China has long been known as the “factory of the world”, with the Made-in-China label often linked with cheap and low-quality (good). 10. (expose) to classical music as a child sparked her interest in becoming a pianist. 11. My dream is to set a non-profit organization that helps children in rural areas get a quality education. 12. JustDance is a website belonging all dance lovers. (用适当的词填空) 13. The children in the mountain village have no , so their teachers often tell stories to them after class. (entertain) 14. What (percent) of babies died of this disease last year? 15. It is no good (quit) halfway through the project when you’re so close to success. 16. What makes this story particularly (scare) is that it has an unexpected ending. 17. Crazy fans held their breath, with their eyes (glue) to the skier’s final jump. 18. In order (appreciate) your help, I would like to invite you to dinner this weekend. 19. The region is famous for its fossil sites, and one exceptional area (reveal) about 5,000 fossils so far, which have provided invaluable insight into dinosaur evolution during the Middle Jurassic period. 20. Many foreigners (appreciate) the traditional Chinese tea ceremony and are attracted by its graceful and peaceful atmosphere. 三、完成句子。 1. 他让人把水泵手柄把移除掉了因为已经证实水井是这个街区多人死亡的罪魁祸首。(have +宾语 + 宾补；blame) He ___________________________ because it had been proved that the water pump ____________________ the multiple deaths in the block. 2. 只有这样，才能发展更好的亲子关系。(only引导倒装句) Only in this way ________________________________. 3. 如果你第一次尝试失败的话，也没必要担心。(there is no need to do. . . ) If you fail at the first attempt, ____. 4. 同样重要的是“你的学业和其他活动。”(完全倒装：schoolwork and other activities) __________________________________________________________________________ Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 一、核心单词 1. republic n. 共和国，共和政体 2. deadly adj. 致命的；十足的，彻底的 3. mystery n．神秘，神秘的人(或事物)；悬疑作品 4. experiment n. 实验，试验；尝试，实践 vi. 做试验，进行实验；尝试 5. trial n. 试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 vi. & vt. 测试，试验 6. evolution n．进化；演变，发展 7. household adj. 家庭的，家用的，家务的 n. 一家人，家庭 8. postpone vt. 延迟，延期 9. error n. 错误，差错 10. theory n. 学说，论；原理；看法，意见 11. electric adj. 电的，发电的，电动的 12. standout adj. 突出的 n. 突出的人(或物) 13. credit n. 赞扬，认可；信用 vt. 存入金额；把……归于 14. negate vt. 取消，使无效；否认，否定 15. authority n. 权威，权力；官方 16. declare vt. 表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报 17. publish vt. 出版，发行；发表；公布 18. bacteria n．(sing.bacterium)细菌 19. evil n．罪恶，罪行；害处，坏处 adj.恶毒的；有害的；恶魔的 20．intellectual adj.脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的 n．知识分子，脑力劳动者 二、单词拓展 1. survival n. 生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物→survive vi. & vt. 生存；幸存，幸免于难→survivor n. 幸存者 2. broad adj. 广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的→broadly adv. 广泛地→broaden vt. 变宽，扩大……的范围 3. intend vi. & vt. 想要，计划；意指→intention n. 目的；意图；打算→intended adj. 预期的,计划的,打算的 4. limited adj. 有限的→limit n. & vt. 限制→limitation n. 限制；局限；极限 5. container n. 容器；集装箱，货柜→contain vt. 包含 6. beneficial adj. 有益的，有用的→benefit n. 益处 vt. 对……有益处 vi. 得益于 7. illustrate vt. 说明，解释；加插图于→illustration n. 图解，图示 8. surround vt. 围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关→surrounding adj. 周围的→surroundings n. 周围的环境 9. indicate vt. 表明；暗示；提及；指出→indication n. 表明；暗示 10. accident n. 意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭遇→accidental adj. 意外的；偶然的 11. intelligent adj. 有才智的，聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n. 才智 12. favour(AmE favor) vt. 较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n. 帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒→favourable adj. 赞同的，支持的；有利的→favourite adj. 最喜爱的 13. politician n. 政治家，从政者；投机钻营者→politics n. 政治(学)→political adj. 政治的 14. involve vt. 包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加→involved adj. 有关的；卷入的；复杂的 15. scientific adj. 科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的→science n. 科学→scientist n. 科学家 16. moral adj. 道德的；道义上的；品行端正的 n. 品行，道德；寓意→immoral adj. 不道德的 17. apply vt. & vi. 应用；申请；涂；有关→application n. 应用，运用；申请，申请表；涂抹，敷用→applicant n. 申请人 18. ignorance n. 无知→ignorant adj. 不了解的，无知的；无礼的→ignore vt. 忽视；不理睬 19. freedom n. 自由→free adj. 自由的；免费的→freely adv. 自由地 20. permit vt. & vi. 允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n. 许可证→permission n. 允许，许可 21. responsibility n. 责任，负责；职责，义务→responsible adj. 负责的 22. nationality n. 国籍；民族→national adj. 国家的；全国的；民族的→nation n. 国家；民族 23. marriage n. 结婚，婚姻；已婚状态→marry v. 结婚 三、常考一词多义熟词生义 1.charge 常用义 生义 vt. & vi. 控告；谴责；使……承担责任； n. 控告；谴责；掌管 She will take charge of the department while the manager is away. 经理不在时，她将负责这个部门。 vt. & vi. n. My phone battery is low; I need to charge it. 我的手机电量低了，需要充电。 The store charges 20 dollars for this T-shirt. 这家商店这件T恤要价20美元。 The cavalry prepared to charge the enemy lines. 骑兵准备向敌军防线冲锋。 2.permit 常用义 生义 v. 允许，准许，许可 If time permits, you can turn to doctors for help, from whom you can get professional help. 如果时间允许的话，你可以向医生求助，从他们那儿你能得到更专业的帮助。 n. If you have no permit, you won’t be permitted to enter this building. 如果没有许可证，你将不被允许进入这栋大楼。 3. put forward 常用义 生义 提议，提出，建议；推荐 Many scientists put forward some useful suggestions at the meeting. 好多科学家在会上提出了一些有用的建议。 The meeting has been put forward to Monday. 会议已提前到星期一举行。 My alarm clock was put forward one hour to wake me up earlier this morning. 今天早上我的闹钟调快了一个小时，以便早点叫醒我。 4.guarantee 常用义 生义 vt. &n. 保证，担保；确保 He gave me a guarantee that it would never happen again. 他向我保证这种事再也不会发生了。 These days getting a degree doesn’t guarantee you a job. 如今，拿到学位并不能保证你找到工作。 n. We had to offer our house as a guarantee when getting the loan. 我们在贷款时不得不以房子作担保。 5. accompany 常用义 生义 vt. 陪同，陪伴 Children under 12 years old accompanied by an adult are admitted free. 12岁以下儿童需在一位成人的陪同下免费入场。 vt. Good weather accompanied my good mood(心情). 好天气伴随我的好心情。 He sang and Alice accompanied him on the piano. 他唱歌，爱丽丝为他钢琴伴奏。 四．单元短语 1. 查阅，参考；提到，谈及 2. (使)加速 3. 成功，奏效，达到目的 4. 反复试验 5. 偶然，意外地 6. 很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响 7. 使某人失望 8. 关于，至于 9. 想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然 10. 提出，提议，建议 五．单元佳句 1．句式：It was not until. . . that. . . 强调句型 【教材】However， Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu，after many failed experiments. 然而，直到20世纪70年代，屠呦呦才在多次试验失败之后发现了青蒿素。 2．句式：含蓄虚拟条件句 【教材】Without her broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine，Tu _____________ qinghaosu. 如果没有她丰富的中西医知识，屠呦呦可能永远也不会发现青蒿素。 3．句式：take it for granted that…(it作形式宾语) 【教材】Now，we scientists it is perfectly possible to live and not know. 如今，我们科学家理所当然地认为，生而有所不知是完全有可能的。 六．单元语法 动词-ed形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语 [观察例句]观察以下课文原句并思考黑体部分的功能 1.Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history. 2.Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival. 3.Born in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955. 4.Surprised by this, Fleming performed some tests. 5.He was intelligent and experienced enough to notice its potential, and his hard work and determination helped get its mass production started. [归纳用法] 一、动词-ed形式作定语 大多数动词-ed形式作定语时,既表被动又表完成。如:iced beer冰啤酒,cooked food熟食。少数及物动词的-ed形式只表被动,不表完成。如:spoken English英语口语,written English英语书面语。不及物动词的-ed形式只表完成,不表被动。如:fallen leaves落叶,a retired teacher一位退休教师。单个动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰的名词的前面, 作前置定语。动词-ed形式短语作定语时, 通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面, 在意思上相当于一个定语从句。及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动,可改为带被动语态的定语从句;不及物动词的过去分词(仅限于单个过去分词,且不能后置)则表示完成,可改为带有完成时态的定语从句。 The injured driver (=the driver who was injured) was sent to the hospital immediately.受伤的司机立刻被送往医院。 I was born in a small village surrounded by mountains (=which is surrounded by mountains).我出生在一座四面环山的小村庄。 【易错提示】少数单个动词-ed形式, 如left等, 只能作后置定语。 The books left are for my students.剩下的书是给我的学生的。 二、动词-ed形式作状语 　　多数动词-ed形式作状语时表示被动和完成,其作用相当于状语从句或and连接的并列结构,在句中作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随状语。 Asked whether he could do me a favor, he agreed readily. 当问他是否能帮我一个忙时,他欣然答应了。（时间状语从句） Written in a hurry, this article was not so good. 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好。（原因状语从句） Given another hour, I can work out this tough problem.再给我一个小时,我就能解出这道难题。（条件状语从句） 【知识拓展】动词-ed形式作状语 (1)有些动词-ed形式因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表状态。常见的词或短语有seated,surprised, excited, frightened, shocked, confused, annoyed, embarrassed, be lost in, be dressed in, be devoted to, be addicted to, be faced with, be used/accustomed to等。 (2)把状语从句改为过去分词作状语时,有时还可保留连词,构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语,即“while (when/once/until/if/though等连词)+过去分词”结构。如:Though wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight. 虽然受伤了,但那个勇敢的士兵依然继续作战。 独立主格结构 (3)动词-ed形式作状语时,其逻辑主语和句子主语一致。如果-ed形式动词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时,则用“名词/代词+动词-ed”的独立主格结构。 Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.她的衬衫被钉子钩住了,她动不了。 三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语 1.能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。 2.可以用动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的常见动词 (1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等。 We’d like to see the problem settled as soon as possible.我们希望看到这个问题尽快得到解决。 (2) 动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语, 这类动词包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。 I have my hair cut once a month.我每个月理一次发。 【知识拓展】“have+宾语+done”三重意义 ① (请人)把某事做完。 She had her house repaired.她请人把屋子修好了。 ②遭遇某种意外情况。 He had his hat blown away on his way home. 在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。 ③完成某事 (自己也可能参与)。 He had the calculation errors corrected while checking the accounts.核对账目时,他把计算错误更正过来了。 (3) 动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括like,want, wish, expect, order等。 He won’t like such questions discussed at the meeting.他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。 (4)动词-ed形式用在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构中。 All the afternoon he worked in the house with the door locked.整个下午他都锁着门在房子里工作。 【知识拓展】 动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中, 动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态,原来的宾语补足语则变成主语补足语。 I must get my bike repaired.我必须请人修理我的自行车。(宾语补足语) The girl was found beaten black and blue.人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。(主语补足语) 七．单元写作 写一个为科技节制订计划的文章 本单元的写作任务是为科技节制订计划。此类文章会和小发明创造有关,所以写作时要实事求是、言简意赅,语言较为正式。 时态应以一般现在时为主，人称以第一人称为主。 [基本框架] 开头：引出话题； 主体：原因以及措施； 结尾：发出倡议。 [常用词块] (1)活动安排 ①invite sb.to do sth.　　 邀请某人做某事 ②be scheduled to do sth. 被安排做某事 ③take place 发生;举行 ④with the purpose of 目的是…… ⑤take part in/participate in/join in 参加 (2)科技发明与创造 ⑥introduce sth.to sb. 向某人介绍某物 ⑦share sth.with sb. 与某人分享某物 ⑧improve the quality of life 　　 改善生活质量 ⑨have a better understanding of 对……有更好的了解 ⑩inspire sb.to do sth. 激励某人做某事 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 ①The Science Festival is scheduled to take place on the playground from 8 a.m. to 11 a.m., lasting three hours. 科技节定于上午8点到11点在操场上举行,持续3个小时。 ②I’m greatly honored to invite you to the Science Festival to be held in our school. 我非常荣幸地邀请您参加在我们学校举行的科技节。 ★正文佳句 ①It goes without saying that modern technology brings us convenience and comfort in life. 毫无疑问,现代科技给我们的生活带来了方便和舒适。 ②The purpose of the activity is to arouse the students’ interest in science. 这个活动的目的是激发学生对科学的兴趣。 ③The gadget is of greatly practical use in daily life. 这种小工具在日常生活中很实用。 ★余味结尾 ①I would appreciate it if you could join in the coming Science Festival. 如果你能参加即将到来的科技节,我将不胜感激。 ②Looking forward to your joining us. 期待您的加入。 为科技节写一个计划 假设你是李华，你的学校要举行科技节。请根据以下要点写一个计划： 1．科技节的主题：怎样保护环境。 2．在学校大厅;届时有著名科学家出席。 3．会展示很多有趣的实验。参加者会从中获益良多。 注意：1.词数80左右; 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 根据语境选出加黑词汇的词性和词义 A. 控告 B. 负责 C. 向……冲去 D. 收费 E. 给……充电 1. The outstanding scientist is in charge of handling the matter. ________ 2. There are plenty of other benefits, too; it doesn’t charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room. ________ 3. The police charged the thief with stealing raw materials in the company. ________ 4. The kind-hearted mechanic helped charge my phone. ________ 5. Seeing her mother, the cute girl charged forward and hugged her tightly. ________ 写出下列句中put forward的含义 6. The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. _____________ 7. I think he is fit for the position; therefore, I’ll put him forward as a candidate. _____________ 8. They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week. _____________ 写出下列句中加黑词汇guarantee的词性和含义 9. I can’t guarantee what would happen to your shop then! ________ 10. There can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services. ________ 11. Whatever a guarantee says, when something goes wrong, you can still claim your rights from the shop. ________ 根据语境选出加黑词汇的词性和词义 A. n. 赞扬，赞许       B. n. 学分      C. n. 为……赢得荣誉的人(或事物)     D. n. 贷款 12. The bank refused further credit to the company. 13. She got no credit for solving the problem. 14. Each of these classes is worth three credits. 15. Such a student is a credit to his class. 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. The older people we respect are those who gain (wise) after experiencing many difficulties in their lives. 2. The new medical care policy will be (benefit) to us all. 3. It’s well-known that cancer is a (dead) disease. 4. Today, although the resource (limit) to scaffolding or remote housing projects, advocates have recently campaigned for its usage in modern construction. 5. There’s no doubt that the consumers are still very (sense) to the price. 6. Before discovering (electric), people relied on fire as a source of light. 7. Susan is a very (intelligence) woman who knows her own mind. 8. Standing at the top of the mountain, we admired the (surround) scenes. 9. He likes playing computer games. As study, he cares nothing about it. 10. (ignore) is no excuse for breaking the law. 11. I didn't want to get (involve) in their argument. 12. He didn't want to let his parents , so he studied even harder than before. 13. He has an expensive wristwatch and he misses no opportunity to show it . 14. We don't permit (speak) aloud in the library. 15. Due to the (apply) of this medical technology, some diseases can be treated at the early stage. 17. Swimming is one of Mr Wang’s (favour) hobbies in his spare time. 18. We should analyze social problems from an objective and (science) point of view. 19. Spacesuits should allow excellent (free) of movement for the wearers, who may often go on spacewalks outside their ship to perform delicate equipment repairs all by themselves. 20. The government has deliberately prevented its foreign staff from gaining work (permit). 三、完成句子。 1. 直到收到你最近的一封信，我才知道你喜欢中国文化。(强调句） ________________I knew you were fond of Chinese culture. 2. 没有空气、水和能量就没有生物。（含蓄条件虚拟) ___________________, there ________ no living things. 3. 没有英语老师的鼓励和帮助，我早就放弃学英语了。（含蓄条件虚拟句） Without my English teacher’s encouragement and assistance,________________ . 4. 他似乎理所当然地认为他应当作为代表发言。 He seemed to take it for granted that ________. $