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专题01 选择性必修第三册Unit1~Unit4单元词汇短语句型梳理
Unit 1 Face values
一、核心单词
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1.____________ v.增大,扩大
2.____________v.促进,推动
3.____________ v.假装,装作
4.____________ v.对判断错误
5.____________ v.忽视,忽略
6.____________v.(使)苦恼
7.____________ v.承认
8.____________ adj.可怕的
9.__________adj.优美的,优雅的
10._________adj.衷心的,诚挚的
11.____________ n. 怜悯;同情
12.____________v.发出(声音)
13.____________ v.像; 与…类似
14.___________adj.令人悲伤的
15.____________ n.表情;神色
16.__________adv. 一心一意地
17.____________v.报答
。。。。。。
二、单词拓展
1.large adj.大的;大规模的,大量的;大型号的→__________adv.在很大程度上;多半;主要地→__________ v.(使)增大,扩大
2.obsess v.使痴迷;使迷恋;使着迷→__________adj.痴迷的,迷恋的;过度的(含贬义)
3.misjudge v.对(人或情况)判断错误→__________n.判断错误,判断不公
4.identical adj.完全相同的;非常相似的→__________ adv.同一地,相等地
5.skin n.皮肤→__________adj.极瘦的,皮包骨的
6.acknowledge v.承认(某事属实或某情况存在);认可;告知收到(信件、礼物等);感谢,致谢→__________n.承认;感谢;收件复函
7.assume v.假设,认为;承担(责任)→__________conj.假如→__________ n.假定,假设
8.save v.救助;储蓄;节约;保存;收集;使免受→__________n.积蓄
9.fright n.惊吓;害怕→__________ adj.可怕的→__________ v.使害怕→__________ adj.感到害怕的→__________ adj.令人害怕的
10.loyal adj.忠贞的,忠实的,忠诚的→__________ n.忠诚,忠实;忠心
11.novel n.小说 adj.新颖的→__________n.小说家
12.grace n.优美,优雅;文雅→__________adj.优美的,优雅的→__________adv.优美地;优雅地;雅致地
13.comprehend v.理解,领悟→__________ adj.全面的;综合性的→__________n.理解(力)
14.compassion n.怜悯;同情→__________ adj.富有同情心的
15.heartbreaking adj.令人悲伤的→__________ adj.极为悲伤的;心碎的
16.express v.表达,表示→__________ adj.有表现力的→__________ n.表情;神色
17.profound adj.(感情)强烈的,深切的→__________adv.极大地;深刻地
18.tender adj.嫩的;柔软的;温柔的;亲切的→__________ n.柔情
三、常考单词
1.pretend v.假装,装作;假扮
pretend to do...
pretend to be doing...
pretend to have done...
pretend to be+ n./ adj.
pretend that...
2.bother v.打扰;烦扰;麻烦;操心;(使)苦恼
n.[U]烦扰;麻烦;困难;[C]麻烦的事;讨厌的人
bother to do/doing sth.
bother sb.with/about sth.
bother sb.to do sth.麻
It bothers/bothered sb.that.../to do...
have bother (in) doing sth.
3.acknowledge vt.认可;承认某事属实或某情况存在;确认;答谢;告知
acknowledge sb./sth.to be/as...
acknowledge doing/having done sth.
It is universally/widely acknowledged that...…
acknowledgement n.
in acknowledgement of
4.expression n.词语;措辞;表情;神色;表达
beyond expression
without expression
give expression to
express
express sth.to sb.
express oneself
expressive adj.
5.make efforts/an/every effort to do sth.努力做某事
in an effort to do sth.
spare no efforts to do sth.
without effort
with effort
6.as引导状语从句
as作连词,有以下用法:
•“当……时候;一边……一边……;随着”,引导时间状语从句。
•“按照……的方式(方法);如同……”,引导方式状语从句。
•“因为;既然”,引导原因状语从句。
•“尽管”,引导让步状语从句。
•引导比较状语从句,常用于as...as...句型,意为“ ”(第一个as是副词,第二个as是连词)。
注意:
(1)当as引导让步状语从句时,从句使用部分倒装,即将形容词、副词、名词、动词等放于as前面;单数可数名词提前时应该省掉冠词。
(2)with意为“随着”时是介词,后接名词或代词等构成with短语或with复合结构。
四.单元短语
1. 在……方面;从……角度
2. 增加某人的信心
3. 从头到脚
4. 对……感到惊讶
5. 对……做出假设
6. 秘密地
7. 长大;成熟;成长
8. 爱上
9. 出于怜悯
10. 某人无法理解
11. 呈现
12.a lack of
13.a desire for
14.make/leave a good impression on sb.
15.make an effort/efforts
16.nothing but
17.to sum up
18.be celebrated as
19.in any case
20.compare...to...
21.attempt to do
22.be concerned with...
23.engage in
24.in pursuit of
。。。。。
五.单元佳句
1.It’s true that inner beauty is very important.(教材原句)
翻译:
解析:it 作形式主语,that 引导真正的主语从句(单元核心语法,必考)。
仿写: 显然,自信比外表更可贵。
2.· What I say is that my photos won’t hurt anyone.(教材原句)
翻译:
解析:嵌套结构:主语从句 (What I say) + 表语从句 (that...)。
3.· Ever since I discovered selfie apps, I have become addicted.(教材原句)
翻译:
解析:ever since 引导时间状语从句,主句用现在完成时。
4.· Although she was large, she had strong confidence in herself.(教材原句)
翻译:
解析:although 引导让步状语从句,不可与 but 连用(易错点)。
六.单元语法
主语从句
一、主语从句的概述
在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫作主语从句。主语从句可直接放在句首,也可用形式主语it代替,而将主语从句后置。
二、主语从句的引导词
1.从属连词 that, whether, if等。
2.连接代词 who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever等。
3.连接副词 when, where, why, how, whenever,however,wherever等。
三、主语从句的用法
1.that引导的主语从句
(1)that引导主语从句时只起连接作用,在从句中不作任何成分,没有实际意义。但是that不能省略。
we need more equipment is obvious.显然,我们需要更多的设备。
[名师点津] 从句作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
(2)在that引导的主语从句中,常用it作形式主语,that引导的主语从句后置,常见的此类句型有:
①It+be+形容词(obvious, natural, surprising, possible, likely, important, necessary等)+that从句
It is certain she will do well in her exam.可以肯定她会考得很好。
[名师点津] 在句型It+be+形容词+that从句中,如果形容词为necessary, important等,主语从句要用虚拟语气。即:It is necessary/important that+主语+(should)+动词原形+其他.
It is important he (should) attend every day.他每天都要出席,这很重要。
②It+be+名词(词组)(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise等)+that从句。
It is no surprise our team have won the game.我们队已经赢得了那场比赛并不令人惊奇。
③It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, suggested等)+that从句。
It is reported no passengers were injured in the accident.据报道,事故中没有乘客受伤。
[名师点津] 如果过去分词为表示建议、命令、要求等的词(suggested,advised,ordered,requested,insisted,demanded等),从句用虚拟语气,谓语动词的形式为“(should)+动词原形”。
It is suggested you(should) spend more time in studying English.建议你花更多的时间学习英语。
④It+动词/动词短语(seem, appear, happen, matter, turn out, prove, occur to sb.等)+that从句
It happened I was away when he called.他来电话时我碰巧不在。
2.whether引导的主语从句
whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首,也可放在句末(前面需用it作形式主语)。whether意为“是否”,只起连接作用,在句中不作成分,且不可省略。
It is unknown he has agreed to my plan.不知道他是否已经同意了我的计划。
3.连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句
(1)连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语时,不可以省略。
breaks the law will be punished.无论谁触犯了法律都会受到惩罚。
[名师点津] ①whoever和whatever引导的主语从句一般不用it作形式主语。
②what引导主语从句并在从句中作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数;what引导主语从句并在从句中作宾语时,谓语动词的单复数由谓语动词后面名词的数决定。
hurt my feelings was the judge's comment.伤害我感情的是评审员的评语。
(2)连接副词when, where, why, how,whenever,however, wherever等在从句中作状语。
he lives is not known to anyone.他住在哪里谁也不知道。
七.单元写作
关于文学作品的介绍
文学作品介绍一般包括小说、戏剧等的故事背景、故事情节、人物角色,最后要发表一下自己的观点。对作品做评价时,我们可以从一个情节和人物形象或一个场面等方面着手。
[基本框架]
第一段:简要介绍文学作品及作者。
第二段:详细介绍其故事背景、故事情节、人物角色等。
第三段:发表自己的观点。
[注意事项]
1.时态主要是一般现在时,也可根据需要灵活使用其他时态。
2.以第一和第三人称为主。
3.使用恰当的过渡词。
[常用词块]
1.fairy tales童话故事
2.my favorite novel我最喜欢的小说
3.be written by由……创作
4.write many science fictions写了很多科幻小说
5.devote himself to literature致力于文学(写作)
6.a vivid description of many difficulties and incidents生动地描述了许多困难和事情
7.learn a lot from the book从这本书中学到很多
8.a nice and funny book一本又好看又有趣的书
9.be about the life of a poor child关于一个贫穷孩子的生活
10.the contents and plots of the book这本书的内容和情节
[常用语句]
1.I enjoy reading different kinds of books,but Harry Porter is my favorite one.
我很喜欢读不同种类的书,但是,《哈利·波特》是我最喜欢的书。
2.The fairy tales are my favorites,such as Grimm's Fairy Tales,Anderson's Fairy Tales and so on.
童话故事是我最喜欢的,比如说《格林童话》《安徒生童话》等。
3.The story is very long but I am interested in it.这个故事很长,但是我很感兴趣。
4.In fact,the fiction story is so meaningful that I can learn a lot from it.
事实上,这个小说非常有意义,我从这本书中学到很多。
5.We are also astonished and convinced by his fertile imagination and scientific and geographical knowledge.我们也对他丰富的想象力、科学、地理知识感到很吃惊和折服。
6.I think it's the best book I've ever read.
我认为这是我读过的最好的书。
例文
请写一篇80词左右的短文,介绍小说《百万英镑》(The Million Pound Bank Note),主要内容包括:
1. 小说作者;2.语言风格;3.故事梗概;4.你印象最深的地方。
Unit 2 A life’s work
一、核心单词
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1. n. (照相机、摄像机的)镜头
2. v. (使)摆好姿势
3. n. 食品杂货店
4. n. 着迷,迷恋
5. n. 时尚
6. adj. 不复杂的,简单的
7. adj. 遥远的
8. - n. 名人,明星
9. n. (某一行业所需的)技能
10. anthropologist - n. 人类学家
11. n. 试验
12. n. 手艺;工艺;技艺
13. adj. 原子能的;核能的
14. n. 氢
15 n. (车辆等的)推进力
16. n. 表扬,赞赏
17. v. (故意)避开,躲开
18. n. 聚光灯;媒体的关注
19. adj. 恶劣的,艰苦的
20. adj. 富裕的,繁荣的
二、单词拓展
1. n.着迷,迷恋→ v.使着迷→ adj.迷人的,极有吸引力的
2. adj.不复杂的,简单的;单纯的→ adj.复杂的
3. n.(旧建筑或旧家具等的)修复,整修→ v.恢复;修复
4. n.最大量,最大值→ n.最小值
5. v.维护,保护;保存→ n.维护,保护;保存
6. adj.谦虚的,谦逊的→ n.谦逊
7. v.支配,控制,主宰→ n.支配,控制;统治
8. n.建筑风格,建筑设计→ n.建筑师
9. adj.宏大的,艰巨的→ n.雄心;野心;抱负
10. v.与……有关→ n.协会,社团;联合;联想
11. n.分析→ v.分析
三、常考单词
1.nothing more than=no more than不过;仅仅;只有
用法
规则
(1)more than+数词,表示“ ”,相当于over。
(2)more than+形容词,表示“ ”。
(3)more than+名词,表示“ ”。
(4)more than与情态动词can/could连用时,表示“ ”。
(5)more...than...表示“ ”。
(6)no more than+名词或基数词,表示“ ”(侧重数量少)。
(7)not more than+基数词,表示“ ”。
注意
事项
(1)当more than用来连接两个主语时,谓语动词的数通常与第一个主语的数保持一致。
(2)more...than...结构强调more后面的内容,表示同一个人或事物的两种特征对比。
2.contribute to有助于;导致
contribute v.
contribute...to...
contribution n.
make contributions/a contribution to
3.date back to (=date from)追溯到;始于;起源于
date back
out of dateoutofdate
up to dateuptodate
to date
set/fix a date for sth.
4.leave ... behind遗留;把……丢在后面
leave out
leave...alone
leave aside
leave for
leave off
5.if引导虚拟语气
If it hadn’t been for a three-episode documentary,outsiders would never have known that the plainly-dressed people working here are masters of their craft...若不是一部三集的纪录片,外面的人永远不会知道在这里工作的那些衣着朴素的人都是精于各门技艺的大师……
非真实条件句中的虚拟语气
虚拟条件句
主句
与现在事实
相反的假设
动词的过去式(be动词一般用were)
would/could/should/might+动词原形
与过去事实
相反的假设
had+过去分词
would/could/should/might+
have+过去分词
与将来事实
相反的假设
(1)动词的过去式
(2)were to+动词原形
(3)should+动词原形
would/could/should/might+动词原形
四.单元短语
1. 为……摆好姿势
2. 把……放入……
3. 不顾,不管
4. 去世
5. 反复试验(以得出最佳结果)
6. 出生于……(的家庭)
7. 退让,认输
8. 对……有经验
9. 按某人自己的节奏
10. 起源于;来源于
11. 使复活;使恢复生机
12. 既不……也不……
13. 开始从事;占据(时间、空间或精力)
14.nothing more than
15.as much as
16.fascination with
17.devotion to
18.not once
19.the approach to
20.the passion for
21.day in, day out
22.range from...to...
23.pass on...to...
24.take on
五.单元佳句
1.What made Cunningham great was his devotion to photography.(教材原句)
翻译:
解析:what 引导表语从句,在从句中作主语。
A simple restaurant was where he usually had meals.(教材原句)
翻译: 。
解析:where 引导表语从句,在从句中作地点状语。
The reason is that he loves his work deeply.(高频句式)
翻译:
解析:易错点:主语为 reason 时,表语从句只用 that 引导,不可用 because/why。
Given the complex work, each expert can repair two clocks at most a year.(教材原句)
翻译:
解析:given 作介词,意为 “考虑到;鉴于”。
六.单元语法
表语从句
一、表语从句的概述
在复合句中作表语的从句,叫作表语从句。它位于主句的系动词之后,对主语进行解释、说明,使主语的内容具体化。含有表语从句的复合句的一般结构为“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, seem, look, sound, taste, feel, remain, appear等。另外,because, as if, as though, as, like等也可引导表语从句。
二、表语从句的引导词
1.从属连词:that, whether等;
2.连接代词:who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等;
3.连接副词:when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however等。
三、表语从句的类型
1.从属连词that, whether引导的表语从句
that,whether只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分。that无实义,一般不可省略,whether意为“是否”,不能换成if(一般不用if引导表语从句)。
The trouble is he has lost his money.麻烦是他丢了钱。
The question is we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰激凌。
2.连接代词引导的表语从句
连接代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语,连接代词不能省略。
The problem was could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作。
That's he is worrying about.那就是他在担心的事。
3.连接副词引导的表语从句
连接副词 when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however等除在句子中起连接作用外,在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式或原因状语,本身具有词义。
Go and get your coat.It's you left it.去把外套拿来,就在你原来放的地方。
I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.That's I got wet through.我既没雨衣也没雨伞,这就是我淋湿的原因。
That is mice ruin many stores of grain every year.那就是老鼠怎样每年损害大量粮食的。
4.because/why引导的表语从句
because与why引导表语从句的区别:because引导的表语从句强调原因;why引导的表语从句强调结果。
That's he didn't understand me.那是因为他不理解我。
This is I think my happiest days will be in the future.这就是我认为自己最快乐的日子会在将来的原因。
—You look tired.
—That may be I didn't have a good sleep last night.
——你看起来很累。
——那可能是因为我昨天晚上没睡好。
[名师点津] 如果主句主语是reason,表语从句的连接词用that,不能用why或because。常见的句型为“The reason why ...is that ...”
The reason why he came late is he got up late.(that不能换成because)
他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。
四、表语从句使用虚拟语气的情况
1.as if, as though 引导的表语从句可用陈述语气,也可用虚拟语气。此类表语从句常跟在特定的动词后面,如seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel等。as if/as though引导的表语从句用虚拟语气时,如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;如果从句表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用“had+过去分词”;如果从句表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。
You look you've had a good time.(陈述语气)你看起来好像玩得很开心。
They talked they had been good friends for years.(虚拟语气)他们说起话来好像是多年的好朋友似的。
2.如果主句的主语是advice, demand, order, suggestion, requirement, request, command等时,表语从句用虚拟语气,动词形式为“(should)+动词原形”。
The suggestion given by our teacher is we (should) practise reading English every day.
我们老师给的建议是我们应该每天练习读英语。
Her request is the doctor (should) be sent for at once.她要求立即派人请医生来。
七.单元写作
介绍一位具有工匠精神的人物
人物介绍的相关表达
开头:
简单地
介绍人
物
词汇
1.be born in 出生于 2.be considered/regarded as被认为是……
句子
1.Confucius is a great thinker and educationist in ancient China.孔子是中国古代伟大的思想家和教育家。
2.Born in Yibin City, Sichuan Province in 1905, Zhao Yiman became a member of the Communist Party of China in 1926.赵一曼1905年出生于四川省宜宾市,1926年加入中国共产党。
主体:
介绍人
物的生
平和成
就等
词汇
1.become interested in对……产生兴趣 2.show interest in表现出对……的兴趣
3.at an early age在年幼时
句子
1.Deng Yaping, whose hobby is playing ping-pong, has devoted herself to the sport after graduation.邓亚萍的爱好是打乒乓球,毕业后她全身心地投入到这项运动中。
2.Li Keran, a famous painter and art educator, developed a personal style of landscape painting.著名画家兼美术教育家李可染形成了自己的山水画风格。
3.Not only is he devoted to his research, but he also concerns himself with the welfare project.他不仅致力于自己的研究,而且还关心福利项目。
4.In 2006, having broken the world record and got the gold medal, he became the idol of the youth.2006年,他打破了世界纪录并获得金牌,成为年轻人的偶像。
5.It is his hard training and his perseverance that lead to his breakthrough and success in swimming.正是他的刻苦训练和毅力使他在游泳方面取得了突破和成功。
6.Not only is she very strict with herself in her study and daily life, but she is also always ready to help others.她不但在学习和日常生活中严格要求自己,而且总是乐于帮助别人。
结尾:
评价人
物,表达
自己的
感想
词汇
1.ambitious adj.有抱负的,野心勃勃的 2.outstanding adj.杰出的
3.modest adj.谦虚的
4.painstaking adj.小心的;费尽心思的;精心的
5.be famous for因……而出名
6.dedicate oneself to致力于
句子/
句型
1.Nie Er is considered as one of the greatest musical geniuses in the history of China and will be remembered by the Chinese people forever.聂耳被认为是中国历史上最伟大的音乐天才之一,中国人民将永远铭记他。
2.Due to his/her contribution to..., he/she was honoured with...由于他/她对……的贡献,他/她荣获……
3.She/He sets a good example to us and we should...她/他为我们树立了好的榜样,我们应该……
写作题目
假定你是李华, 请根据下列提示,为校报的英语园地写一篇英语短文,介绍你最崇拜的中国科学家梁建英。
1.出生时间、地点:1972年4月出生于吉林省。
2.职务:中国高铁总设计师。
3.主要经历:
(1) 1995年大学毕业后开始从事高铁研究工作;
(2) 2007年她率领团队研制出国内首列运行时速为300—350千米的高速列车;
(3) 2017年,“复兴号”以350千米的时速正式投入运营,在高铁运营领域取得了新的突破。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
参考词汇:高速列车G-Series High-Speed Train
思路点拨
Unit3 War and peace
一、核心单词
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1. v.射出 (光线等),放射
2. n.电池
3. n.东西,物品
4. adj.聪颖的,才华横溢的
5. n.药剂;疗法
6. n.记述,描述
7. n.程序,步骤,手续
二、单词拓展
1. adj.狂暴的,凶暴的→ n.暴力,暴行;狂热;激情→ adv.猛烈地;激烈地
2. n.(军队的)登陆→ vi.登陆;跌落
3. n.指挥官,长官→ v.命令,统率
4. n.目的,目标 adj.客观的;客观存在的,基于事实的→ adv.客观地
5. adv.勉强才能→ adj.裸露的;光秃秃的
6. v.解放(城市、国家等)→ n.解放
7. adj.纪念的,追悼的→ n.记忆;记忆力→ adj.值得纪念的;难忘的
8. n.稳固,稳定→ adj.稳定的,牢固的;稳重的,沉稳的→ adv.稳定地;坚固地→ v.(使)稳定,稳固
9. adj.学术的→ n.专科院校;研究院;学会→ adv.学术上;理论上
10. n.侵略→ adj.侵略的;好斗的→ adv.侵略地;有闯劲地
11. adj.联合的→ n.伙伴;同事;合伙人v.联想,联系→ n.协会,社团
12. v.出现→ n.兴起→ n.紧急情况,突发事件
13. n.侵略者,侵略军→ v.侵略,侵袭
14. n.奉献→ v.献身于,致力于→ adj.献身的;专心致志的
15. n.代表→ v.代表;象征
三、常考单词
1.objective n.目的,目标
adj.客观的;无偏见的;真实的;宾格的
object v.
object to sb./sth.
object to (sb.’s) doing sth.
objection n.
have/raise/make an objection to/against (doing) sth.
用法点拨:
object作及物动词时,后只能接that从句作宾语;若接名词或代词作宾语需要后跟介词to。用作及物动词后接that从句时,其后从句所表示的内容不是反对的内容,而是反对的理由。如:I wanted to climb the hill,but he objected that he was too tired.我想要去爬山,但是他却以太累为由表示反对。
2.commander n.指挥官,长官
command v.
command sb.to do sth.
command that...(should) do...
at one’s command
take command of
in command of
have a good command of
3.representative n.代表;代理人
adj.典型的;有代表性的
represent v.
represent sb./sth.as/to be...
represent sth.to sb.
stand for
on behalf of sb.(=on one’s behalf)
4.put down镇压;平定;记下;记载;放下
put out
put aside
put away
put forward
put up
put up with
5.keep to遵守;履行;不偏离
keep it up
keep up with
keep back
keep off
keep up
keep away from
6.hold down压制;限制
hold back
hold out
hold off
hold up
hold on
hold on to
7. no wonder...=It’s no wonder...难怪……;……不足为奇
wonder n.
work/do wonders
in wonder
It’s a wonder that...
wonder v.
wonder at/about...
wonderful adj.
四.单元短语
1. 为……摆好姿势
2. 把……放入……
3. 不顾,不管
4. 去世
5. 反复试验(以得出最佳结果)
6. 出生于……(的家庭)
7. 退让,认输
8. 对……有经验
9. 按某人自己的节奏
10. 起源于;来源于
11. 使复活;使恢复生机
12. 既不……也不……
13. 开始从事;占据(时间、空间或精力)
14.nothing more than
15.as much as
16.fascination with
17.devotion to
18.not once
19.the approach to
20.the passion for
21.day in, day out
22.range from...to...
23.pass on...to...
24.take on
五.单元佳句
1.Your enemy is well trained and battle-hardened.(教材原句)
翻译:
解析:enemy 视作整体,谓语动词用单数。
2.The enemy were hiding behind the hills.(教材原句)
翻译: 。
解析:enemy 强调个体士兵,谓语动词用复数(主谓一致核心考点)。
3.Code-named "Operation Overlord", it was the largest combined sea, air and land operation in history.(教材原句)
翻译: 。
解析:过去分词短语作状语。
4.We have full confidence in your courage and devotion.(教材原句)
翻译: 。
六.单元语法
主谓一致
主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词与其主语在“人称”和“数”上保持一致。
[归纳用法]
1.集体名词作主语时的主谓一致
(1)集体名词作主语,如果表示一个整体概念时,谓语动词就用单数形式;如果强调组成集体的个体成员时,谓语动词就用复数形式。常见的这类名词有family,class,team,group,enemy,army,audience, band, club,crowd,staff,committee,company, crew, government, public等。
The family in Canada.这家人已定居加拿大。
My family lunch now.我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
(2)个别集体名词,如people,police,cattle等作主语,谓语动词必须用复数形式。
The police investigating the case.警方正在调查这个案件。
2.单数名词作主语,后面紧跟as well as,rather than, but,except,besides,with,along with,together with,like,including,in addition to,combined with等时,谓语动词用单数形式。
The teacher as well as the students ready to help others.不仅学生们乐于助人,老师也乐于助人。
3.单复数同形的名词作主语时的主谓一致
单复数同形的名词作主语时,根据其意义是单数概念还是复数概念来判断谓语用单数还是用复数。如means方式,方法,sheep羊,deer鹿,works工厂等。
Every means many times.每一种办法都已经试过多次了。
4.单数概念的复数形式名词作主语时的主谓一致
单数概念的复数形式名词(如学科、机构、书名、剧名、国名等)作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。如physics 物理,mathematics/maths 数学,economics 经济学,politics政治学,gymnastics体操,the United States 美国,the United Nations联合国,A Dream in Red Mansions(The Story of the Stone) 《红楼梦》,Anderson's Fairy Tales 《安徒生童话集》 等。
As we know,physics a fundamental subject in science.我们知道物理是自然科学中的一门基础学科。
Mathematics a required course for middle school students.数学是中学生的一门必修课。
5.“两部分” 概念的物体名词作主语时的主谓一致
由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。但是如果这些词由单位词(a pair of,a kind of, a suit of,a piece of 等)修饰时,单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。这类名词如chopsticks, compasses,glasses, gloves,jeans,pants,scissors,shoes,shorts,socks,trousers等。
My trousers white.我的裤子是白色的。
Why your shoes so dirty?为什么你的鞋子那么脏?
6.名词短语(距离、时间、长度、金额等)作主语时的主谓一致
当名词短语的中心词为表示距离、时间、长度、金额等的复数名词时,往往把这些复数名词看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。这类复数名词有miles,dollars,pounds,kilograms,kilometres,centimeters, millimeters,seconds,hours,years等。
Five dollars a fair price.五美元看起来是一个公道的价格。
7.more(...)than one.../many a...结构作主语时的主谓一致
“more than one/many a...+单数名词”作主语时,谓语用单数;“more+复数名词+than one” 作主语时,谓语用复数。
More than one white rose in the garden.花园里开了不止一朵白玫瑰。
8.“分数/百分数+of+名词”构成的短语作主语时的主谓一致
“分数/百分数+of+名词” 构成的短语作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词的数。
Two thirds of the students the plan.三分之二的学生支持这项计划。
七.单元写作
介绍一位英雄人物
描写一位英雄人物属于记叙文的范畴,它以写人、记事为主,以叙述和描写为主要表达方式。一篇好的人物描写一般分为三大部分,即生平介绍、事迹叙述和简短的评论。时态的选择要视情况而定,若写人物的过去就用过去时态,若写人物的现在就用现在时态。
[基本框架]
1.首段:生平介绍
人物的出生时间和地点是必不可少的信息;介绍生平时要尊重客观事实,材料要真实。
2.中段:事迹叙述
选材要着眼于人物的生活背景及其成就事迹,以形成对比,起到突出人物的特点和树立榜样的作用。选材要有重点,不必面面俱到。
3.尾段:简短的评论
对所描述的人物的评论要客观公正。
[常用词块]
1.at the age of four 4岁时
2.a boy of sixteen一个16岁的男孩
3.make friends with her和她交朋友
4.be ready to help others乐于助人
5.a lively and smart girl一个活泼聪明的女孩
6.be warmhearted and goodlooking热心肠而且漂亮/俊朗
7.learn from each other and help each other相互帮助相互学习
8.be highly praised by the teachers and students得到老师和同学的高度称赞
9.join the Eighth Route Army参加八路军
10.be born in a poor peasant family出生于一个贫苦的农民家庭
[常用语句]
1.介绍人物的姓名、出身及外貌特征
①He has fair hair and blue eyes.他有金色的头发和蓝色的眼睛。
②Abraham Lincoln,the son of a poor family,was born in Kentucky on February 12,1809.
亚伯拉罕·林肯,一个贫苦家庭的儿子,于1809年2月12日生于肯塔基州。
③She is an ordinarylooking girl,but her kindness and consideration impress me most.
她是一个普普通通的女孩,但她的善良和体贴使我印象深刻。
④He is a goodlooking,kindhearted man.他是一个相貌俊朗,心地善良的男子。
2.介绍人物的成就或取得的成绩
①She won first prize in the Chinese Poetry Contest at the age of ten.她10岁就获得了《中国诗词比赛》一等奖。
②He spent 28 years on the ocean journeys and went to more than thirty countries.As a result,China's economy developed faster.
他花了28年在海上航行,到达30多个国家。结果,中国的经济发展得更快了。
③He/She is good at spoken English and even better at using computers.
他/她擅长英语口语,更擅长使用电脑。
3.介绍人物的影响及人们对此人的评价
①We regard him as our model.我们把他作为我们的榜样。
②The people had come to love him as an inspiring leader.人们把他作为一个鼓舞人心的领袖而开始热爱他。
③Lei Feng has been praised for his communist spirit.雷锋因他的共产主义精神而受到称赞。
例文
保定市残疾青年医生宁学雷,凭着其过人的医术和高尚的医德为乡邻所敬重。请你根据下列有关提示用英语写一篇报道,简要介绍身残志坚的好医生宁学雷。
1.宁学雷出生在河北保定市,1岁时患上了小儿麻痹症,导致下身瘫痪,疾病的磨难激发了他学医救人的志向;
2.经过多年的刻苦学习,他最终实现了梦想,考入了一所医学院;
3.大学毕业后,他开了一家诊所,边行医边学习,不断提高自己的医术;
4.他医德高尚,不计报酬,始终把治病救人放在首位,因此赢得了人们的尊重。
注意:1.词数80左右;2.短文要求包含所有要点,但不必逐条翻译;
3.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:小儿麻痹症poliomyelitis
Unit 4 A glimpse of the future
一、核心单词
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1__________ v.控制,管理 2.__________ adj.非法的,违法的 3.__________ adj.不道德的
4.__________ v.引用;引述 5.__________ v.评价,评定 6.__________v.认为,以为
7.__________ adj.可能的 8. __________n.需要,需求 9.__________ v.皱眉
10.__________adv.紧紧地 11. __________ adj.拼命的 12__________ adj.有故障的
13.__________ adj一致的 14.__________ adj.可能的
二、单词拓展
1.assist v.帮助→__________ n.助手,助理→__________ n.帮助,援助
2.potential adj.潜在的 n.潜力;可能性→__________adv.潜在地
3.automatic adj.自动的→__________ adv.自动地;机械地→__________n.自动化
4.capable adj.有能力的,能胜任的→__________ n.能力,才能→__________n.能力,才能
5.regulate v.控制,管理→__________ n.规章,制度
6.legal adj.法律的;合法的→__________adj.非法的,违法的
7.assess v.评价,评定→__________ n.评价;估价;核定的付款额
8.cycle n.自行车→cyclist n.骑自行车的人
9.demand n.需要,需求;要求 v.强烈要求;需要→__________ adj.要求高的;费力的;苛求的
10.imitate v.模仿,效仿;仿造,伪造→__________n.仿制品
11.tight adj.紧的,牢固的;紧身的;绷紧的;严格的;拮据的,吝啬的→__________ adv.紧紧地
12.desperate adj.拼命的,绝望的→__________ adv.极其,非常;绝望地;不顾一切地,拼命地→________ n.绝望
13.fault n.错误;缺点 v.发现错误→__________ adj.有故障的,有缺陷的
14.consistent adj.一贯的,一致的→consistently adv.一贯地;一致地;→__________ n.一致性,连贯性
三、常考单词
1.inconvenience n.不方便
convenient adj.
if it is convenient(to/for you)
It is convenient for sb.to do sth.
convenience n.
at one’s convenience
for convenience
conveniently adv.
2. demand vi.& vt.强烈要求;需要
n.要求,需求
be in (great) demand
on demand
meet/satisfy one’s demands for..
demand to do sth.
demand of sb.to do sth.
demand that...(should) do sth.
demanding adj.
4.go through履行某程序;经历苦难等;完成;通过;检查;用完
go over
go out
go against
go up
go ahead
go without
go by
5.though引导让步状语从句
Jimmy,expert though he was,couldn’t outrace Robutt,who didn’t need a spacesuit,and had four legs and tendons of steel.吉米虽然是专家,但是也超不过罗伯特,罗伯特不需要宇航服,有四条腿和钢腱。
though引导的让步状语从句可倒装可不倒装。
as引导让步状语从句时,从句须倒装。其结构为:
①单数可数名词(无冠词)/形容词+as+主语+be+其他成分;
②动词原形+as+主语+助动词/情态动词+其他成分;
③副词+as+主语+谓语动词+其他成分。
注意:although引导的从句不能倒装;它们可以与yet,still连用,不能与but连用。
四.单元短语
1. 比较起来,相比之下
2. 易受……影响的
3. 对……取得一致意见
4. 除做某事之外别无选择
5. 由……组成
6. 很有可能,肯定会
7. 迟早
8. 改变某人的想法
9. 出故障
10.happen to
11.so far
12.hang out
13.wipe out
14.lie in
15.bank on
16.on the horizon
17.around the corner
18.set out
19.go through
五.单元佳句
1.不过,我的确认为,人工智能的发展在整体上让处理日常事务变得容易得多。
Still, I that developments in AI will on the whole .
2.穿着他的宇航服,他看上去更厚实、粗短,但他能应对月球引力,这是地球上出生的人无法做到的。
He looked thicker and stubbier , but he could handle the lunar gravity as no Earth-born human being could.
3.吉米虽然是行家,但是也超不过罗布,罗布不需要宇航服并且有四条腿和钢制的肌腱。
Jimmy, , couldn't outrace Robutt, who didn't need a spacesuit, and had four legs and tendons of steel.
4.他好像在等吉米说什么,然后他说……
He for Jimmy to say something, then he said...
5.直到一个小时后,他才注意到卡罗琳把她的紧急呼叫装置落在了早餐桌上。
It was that he noticed that Carolyn had left her emergency call device on the breakfast table.
六.单元语法
主谓一致(二)
[归纳用法]
一、数量概念作主语时的主谓一致
1.当主语是“most/some/half/the rest+of+名词” 时,如果of后面的名词表示单数概念或为不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果of后面的名词表示复数概念,则谓语动词用复数形式。
Most of his time spent on study.他的大部分时间都用在了学习上。
The rest of the workers here women.这儿剩余的工人是女性。
2.“a number of+名词复数”作主语时谓语用复数,意为“大量,许多”;“ the number of+复数名词”作主语,谓语用单数,意为“……的数量”。
A number of students gone home.许多学生已经回家了。
The number of pages in this book two hundred.这本书的页数是200。
3.“quantities of+复数名词/不可数名词”谓语动词用复数;
“a quantity of+复数名词/不可数名词”谓语动词用单数。
Quantities of food(nuts) on the table.有大量的食物(坚果)在桌子上。
With more forests being destroyed,a quantity of good earth being washed away each year.
随着越来越多的森林遭到破坏,每年有大量的肥沃土壤被冲走。
4.a great deal of,a large amount of修饰不可数名词时,谓语动词通常用单数;large amounts of修饰不可数名词,谓语动词通常用复数。
A large amount of(A great deal of)damage done in a very short time.很短的时间内就造成了很大的损失。
Large amounts of money spent on the bridge.建造这座桥花了大笔的钱。
5.如果主语由“the+形容词(过去分词)”结构充当,谓语动词常用复数,这类词有the brave,the poor,the rich,the blind,the young,the old等。
The old very well taken care of in our city.在我们城市老年人被照顾得很好。
6.表示数量的one and a half后,名词要用复数形式,但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
One and a half bananas left on the table.桌上还剩下一根半香蕉。
7.如果主语由 “a series of,a pile of,a portion of+名词”或由“a sort/type of,this sort/type of+名词” 构成,谓语动词通常用单数。
This sort of vegetables rather expensive.这种蔬菜相当贵。
That type of machines uptodate.那种机器是最新的。
This new type of buses now on show.=Buses of this kind now on show.
现在正展出一款新型的公共汽车。
二、不定代词作主语时的主谓一致
1.someone,anyone,no one,everyone,something,nothing等复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。
Someone let the news out.有人把这条消息泄漏出去了。
It's Sunday.Nobody in.今天星期天。没人在家。
2.each of+名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Each of the students an apple.每个学生都有一个苹果。
We/You/They/The students each an apple.我们/你们/他们/学生各有一个苹果。
[名师点津] 复数形式 students作主语,each作同位语。
3.all 作主语时,若指人,谓语通常用复数;若指事物或现象,谓语通常用单数。
All gone home.大家都回家了。
All that glitters not gold.发亮的不一定都是金子。
[名师点津] 若是“all of+名词”作主语,则谓语动词与其中名词的数保持一致。
4.either和neither作主语时,若是单独作主语,谓语动词用单数;若是用于“either (neither) of+名词”结构作主语,则其后的谓语动词可用单数(正式文体)或复数(非正式文体)。
Neither satisfactory.两个都不令人满意。
Neither of the two computers cheap.这两台电脑都不便宜。
5.none(of) 作主语时,若指不可数名词,谓语用单数;若指复数可数名词,谓语可用单数(正式文体)或复数(非正式文体)。
None of the money mine.这笔钱没有一点是我的。
None of the boys it.这些男孩子谁也不喜欢它。
七.单元写作
续写故事
本单元写作要求续写故事。故事一般有环境、人物、情节以及文学的艺术性。在体裁上属于记叙文,情节的发展多以时间、地点的转移为线索。写故事时,要展开丰富的想象,适当构思情节,并把故事情节写得生动有趣,同时要合乎逻辑。此外,续写文章时,要注意续写内容和原文的衔接。续写部分必须忠实于原文的中心、内容与形式。
[基本框架]
第一部分为故事的开始,交代故事的背景;
第二部分叙述故事的发展和高潮;
第三部分为故事的结局。
[常用词块]
1.get up起床
2.go out出去
3.look around环顾四周
4.calm down平静下来
5.step out走出去
6.walk up to走向
7.show around带领……参观
8.ask for 请求
[常用语句]
1.The ring suddenly began to speak,which made the brave young man very amazed.
指环突然开口说话,勇敢的年轻人很吃惊。
2.It was the most exciting moment that I had ever experienced.
这是我经历过的最激动人心的时刻。
3.Just then,something strange happened.就在这时,奇怪的事情发生了。
4.Eventually,he found the girl,on whom the witch put a spell.
最终,他找到了被女巫施了魔法的女孩。
5.While walking in space,we enjoyed weight loss and the beauty of the night sky.
行走在太空,我们享受着失重的状态和美丽的夜空。
6.In addition,it can do all the housework on my instructions.
此外,它可以按我的指令做所有的家务。
7.In 2146,we are flying in the air,conveying signals through our minds.
2146年,我们在空中飞翔,通过我们的大脑传输信号。
8.They finally defeated the evil witch,living a happy life.他们终于打败了邪恶的女巫,过上了幸福的生活。
例文
某英文报社Fantasy Stories栏目正面向中学生举办征文大赛。请你根据所给故事的开头,用英语写一篇文章应征。
注意:1.词数80左右(文章开头已给出,但不计入总词数);
2.想象合理,行文连贯,故事完整。
A young man was walking through a wood when he saw a shining ring lying on the ground.He just stood and wondered and then the ring said,“Young man,a kind girl is trapped by a witch in the castle ahead.If you are brave enough to rescue her,you will gain happiness.Put me on and I will help you.”
一、单词拼写
1.Many scientists are trying to predict what the f_______ will be like with the development of AI.(根据首字母单词拼写)
2.During his stay in England, he had picked up an English a__________. (根据首字母单词拼写)
3.Everyone felt surprised to know there seemed to be no m________ for the murder. (根据首字母单词拼写)
4.Would you like to j________ us in a walk? (根据首字母单词拼写)
5.There is an a_________ (人造的) lake near the park. (根据中英文提示填空)
6.He smiled politely, ________ (假装) that he had heard the remark and found it mildly humorous. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
7.The economist has made a very well-rounded ________ (分析) on the situation. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
8.You should make good use of every ______ (宝贵的) minute to study. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
9.She will probably take great pride in wearing school _________.(用适当的词填空)
10.Developing good study habits can help us greatly improve our overall __________ performance in all subjects. (根据句意单词拼写)
二、单项选择
11.The Farmers' Club is an organization for people involved in __________.
A.architecture B.agriculture C.astronomy D.academy
12.Please be ________, Mr. Lee. How can I finish so much work in such a short time?
A.confident B.modest C.reasonable D.punctual
13.One reason is _______ although I have been working ever since leaving school, I won’t be voting in the next general election.
A.what B.which C.that D.why
14.___________it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.
A.That B.If C.Whether D.Where
15.Facts help us see the nature of the event while opinions lead to deeper thinking many people ________.
A.will lack B.lacked C.lacking D.lack
16.Elizabeth was enormously motivated although she made ________ advances in her English learning.
A.brilliant B.modest C.substantial D.considerable
17.If you ________ to speak to me like that again you will be sorry sooner or later.
A.need B.decide C.happen D.pretend
18.The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one third _____ used regularly.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
19.Many experts hold the view that teachers’ development is _______ the key to better education lies.
A.which B.what C.where D.how
20.It is uncertain _____ the rise is caused by more time spent on screens or less time outdoors, but previous studies have suggested daylight exposure is the key.
A.how B.where C.what D.whether
三、语法填空
主语从句
1. (2024·全国甲卷)On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ________ is now northwestern Wyoming.
2. (2023·全国甲卷)________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
3. (2021·全国甲卷)We all believe ________ hard work pays off in the end.
4. (2025·北京卷)The truth, though, is ________ could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here.
表语从句
1. (2023·新高考II卷)This is ________ they need an English trainer.
2. (2024·全国乙卷)The reason is ________…
3. (2024·浙江1月卷)If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ________ they’ll promote.
主谓一致
1. (2025·全国一卷)A decent winner always ________ (try) to beat the opponent by no more than necessary effort.
2. (2025·全国一卷)The players’ personalities ________ (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent.
3. (2025·全国二卷)The “sunshine scent” of freshly sunned clothes ________ (be) one of them.
4. (2025·浙江1月卷)The concept ________ (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades.
5. (2024·新课标I卷)The Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ________ (walk) visitors through a journey.
6. (2024·新课标II卷)Some of the things that Tang was writing about ________ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns.
7. (2024·全国甲卷)The majority of the workers in this factory ________ (be) women.
8. (2024·浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, many clothing rental platforms ________ (start) in China.
$专题01 选择性必修第三册Unit1~Unit4单元词汇短语句型梳理
Unit 1 Face values
一、核心单词
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1.enlarge v.(使)增大,扩大
2.boost v.促进,推动
3.pretend v.假装,装作
4.misjudge v.对判断错误
5.overlook v.忽视,忽略
6.bother v.(使)苦恼
7.acknowledge v.承认
8.frightful adj.可怕的
9.graceful adj.优美的,优雅的
10.heartfelt adj.衷心的,诚挚的
11.compassion n. 怜悯;同情
12.utter v.发出(声音)
13.resemble v.像; 与……类似,
14.heartbreaking adj.令人悲伤的
15.expression n.表情;神色
16.intently adv. 一心一意地
17.repay v.报答
18.profound
二、单词拓展
1.large adj.大的;大规模的,大量的;大型号的→largely adv.在很大程度上;多半;主要地→enlarge v.(使)增大,扩大
2.obsess v.使痴迷;使迷恋;使着迷→obsessive adj.痴迷的,迷恋的;过度的(含贬义)
3.misjudge v.对(人或情况)判断错误→misjudgment n.判断错误,判断不公
4.identical adj.完全相同的;非常相似的→identically adv.同一地,相等地
5.skin n.皮肤→skinny adj.极瘦的,皮包骨的
6.acknowledge v.承认(某事属实或某情况存在);认可;告知收到(信件、礼物等);感谢,致谢→acknowledgement n.承认;感谢;收件复函
7.assume v.假设,认为;承担(责任)→assuming conj.假如→assumption n.假定,假设
8.save v.救助;储蓄;节约;保存;收集;使免受→saving n.积蓄
9.fright n.惊吓;害怕→frightful adj.可怕的→frighten v.使害怕→frightened adj.感到害怕的→frightening adj.令人害怕的
10.loyal adj.忠贞的,忠实的,忠诚的→loyalty n.忠诚,忠实;忠心
11.novel n.小说 adj.新颖的→novelist n.小说家
12.grace n.优美,优雅;文雅→graceful adj.优美的,优雅的→gracefully adv.优美地;优雅地;雅致地
13.comprehend v.理解,领悟→comprehensive adj.全面的;综合性的→comprehension n.理解(力)
14.compassion n.怜悯;同情→compassionate adj.富有同情心的
15.heartbreaking adj.令人悲伤的→heartbroken adj.极为悲伤的;心碎的
16.express v.表达,表示→expressive adj.有表现力的→expression n.表情;神色
17.profound adj.(感情)强烈的,深切的→profoundly adv.极大地;深刻地
18.tender adj.嫩的;柔软的;温柔的;亲切的→tenderness n.柔情
三、常考单词
1.pretend v.假装,装作;假扮
pretend to do...假装做……
pretend to be doing...假装正在做……
pretend to have done...假装已经做过……
pretend to be+ n./ adj.假装是……
pretend that...假装……
2.bother v.打扰;烦扰;麻烦;操心;(使)苦恼
n.[U]烦扰;麻烦;困难;[C]麻烦的事;讨厌的人
bother to do/doing sth.操心/费心做某事
bother sb.with/about sth.用某事打扰或麻烦某人
bother sb.to do sth.麻烦某人做某事
It bothers/bothered sb.that.../to do...使某人烦恼的是……
have bother (in) doing sth.费劲/有麻烦做某事
3.acknowledge vt.认可;承认某事属实或某情况存在;确认;答谢;告知
acknowledge sb./sth.to be/as...认为某人/物是……;承认某人/物是……
acknowledge doing/having done sth.承认做了某事
It is universally/widely acknowledged that...……是大家公认的。
acknowledgement n.承认;感谢;收件复函
in acknowledgement of为感谢……
4.expression n.词语;措辞;表情;神色;表达
beyond expression无法形容
without expression毫无表情
give expression to表达;表现;把……表达出来
express v.表达;表示 n.快车;快递 adj.快递的;特快的;明确的
express sth.to sb.向某人表达……
express oneself表达自己的思想感情
expressive adj.有表现力的;表达的
5.make efforts/an/every effort to do sth.努力做某事
in an effort to do sth.为了做某事
spare no efforts to do sth.不遗余力地做某事
without effort毫不费力地
with effort努力地,艰难地
6.as引导状语从句
as作连词,有以下用法:
•“当……时候;一边……一边……;随着”,引导时间状语从句。
•“按照……的方式(方法);如同……”,引导方式状语从句。
•“因为;既然”,引导原因状语从句。
•“尽管”,引导让步状语从句。
•引导比较状语从句,常用于as...as...句型,意为“像……一样……”(第一个as是副词,第二个as是连词)。
注意:
(1)当as引导让步状语从句时,从句使用部分倒装,即将形容词、副词、名词、动词等放于as前面;单数可数名词提前时应该省掉冠词。
(2)with意为“随着”时是介词,后接名词或代词等构成with短语或with复合结构。
四.单元短语
1.in terms of在……方面;从……角度
2.boost one's confidence增加某人的信心
3.from head to toe从头到脚
4.be surprised at对……感到惊讶
5.make assumptions about对……做出假设
6.in secret秘密地
7.grow up长大;成熟;成长
8.fall in love with爱上
9.out of mercy出于怜悯
10.beyond one's comprehension某人无法理解
11.take on呈现
12.a lack of 缺乏
13.a desire for 渴望得到(某物)
14.make/leave a good impression on sb. 给某人留下好的印象
15.make an effort/efforts 努力
16.nothing but 仅仅,只有
17.to sum up 总之;概括地说
18.be celebrated as 被誉为
19.in any case 无论如何
20.compare...to...把……与……相比
21.attempt to do 试图做
22.be concerned with... 试图做对……感兴趣;关注……
23.engage in 从事,参加
24.in pursuit of 追寻
五.单元佳句
1.It’s true that inner beauty is very important.(教材原句)
翻译:内在美确实至关重要。
解析:it 作形式主语,that 引导真正的主语从句(单元核心语法,必考)。
仿写:It is obvious that confidence is more valuable than appearance. 显然,自信比外表更可贵。
2.· What I say is that my photos won’t hurt anyone.(教材原句)
翻译:我想说的是,我的照片并不会伤害任何人。
解析:嵌套结构:主语从句 (What I say) + 表语从句 (that...)。
3.· Ever since I discovered selfie apps, I have become addicted.(教材原句)
翻译:自从我发现自拍软件后,我便深陷其中。
解析:ever since 引导时间状语从句,主句用现在完成时。
4.· Although she was large, she had strong confidence in herself.(教材原句)
翻译:尽管她体型丰满,却拥有强大的自信。
解析:although 引导让步状语从句,不可与 but 连用(易错点)。
六.单元语法
主语从句
一、主语从句的概述
在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫作主语从句。主语从句可直接放在句首,也可用形式主语it代替,而将主语从句后置。
二、主语从句的引导词
1.从属连词 that, whether, if等。
2.连接代词 who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever等。
3.连接副词 when, where, why, how, whenever,however,wherever等。
三、主语从句的用法
1.that引导的主语从句
(1)that引导主语从句时只起连接作用,在从句中不作任何成分,没有实际意义。但是that不能省略。
That we need more equipment is obvious.显然,我们需要更多的设备。
[名师点津] 从句作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
(2)在that引导的主语从句中,常用it作形式主语,that引导的主语从句后置,常见的此类句型有:
①It+be+形容词(obvious, natural, surprising, possible, likely, important, necessary等)+that从句
It is certain that she will do well in her exam.可以肯定她会考得很好。
[名师点津] 在句型It+be+形容词+that从句中,如果形容词为necessary, important等,主语从句要用虚拟语气。即:It is necessary/important that+主语+(should)+动词原形+其他.
It is important that he (should) attend every day.他每天都要出席,这很重要。
②It+be+名词(词组)(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise等)+that从句。
It is no surprise that our team have won the game.我们队已经赢得了那场比赛并不令人惊奇。
③It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, suggested等)+that从句。
It is reported that no passengers were injured in the accident.据报道,事故中没有乘客受伤。
[名师点津] 如果过去分词为表示建议、命令、要求等的词(suggested,advised,ordered,requested,insisted,demanded等),从句用虚拟语气,谓语动词的形式为“(should)+动词原形”。
It is suggested that you(should) spend more time in studying English.建议你花更多的时间学习英语。
④It+动词/动词短语(seem, appear, happen, matter, turn out, prove, occur to sb.等)+that从句
It happened that I was away when he called.他来电话时我碰巧不在。
2.whether引导的主语从句
whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首,也可放在句末(前面需用it作形式主语)。whether意为“是否”,只起连接作用,在句中不作成分,且不可省略。
It is unknown whether he has agreed to my plan.不知道他是否已经同意了我的计划。
3.连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句
(1)连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语时,不可以省略。
Whoever breaks the law will be punished.无论谁触犯了法律都会受到惩罚。
[名师点津] ①whoever和whatever引导的主语从句一般不用it作形式主语。
②what引导主语从句并在从句中作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数;what引导主语从句并在从句中作宾语时,谓语动词的单复数由谓语动词后面名词的数决定。
What hurt my feelings was the judge's comment.伤害我感情的是评审员的评语。
(2)连接副词when, where, why, how,whenever,however, wherever等在从句中作状语。
Where he lives is not known to anyone.他住在哪里谁也不知道。
七.单元写作
关于文学作品的介绍
文学作品介绍一般包括小说、戏剧等的故事背景、故事情节、人物角色,最后要发表一下自己的观点。对作品做评价时,我们可以从一个情节和人物形象或一个场面等方面着手。
[基本框架]
第一段:简要介绍文学作品及作者。
第二段:详细介绍其故事背景、故事情节、人物角色等。
第三段:发表自己的观点。
[注意事项]
1.时态主要是一般现在时,也可根据需要灵活使用其他时态。
2.以第一和第三人称为主。
3.使用恰当的过渡词。
[常用词块]
1.fairy tales童话故事
2.my favorite novel我最喜欢的小说
3.be written by由……创作
4.write many science fictions写了很多科幻小说
5.devote himself to literature致力于文学(写作)
6.a vivid description of many difficulties and incidents生动地描述了许多困难和事情
7.learn a lot from the book从这本书中学到很多
8.a nice and funny book一本又好看又有趣的书
9.be about the life of a poor child关于一个贫穷孩子的生活
10.the contents and plots of the book这本书的内容和情节
[常用语句]
1.I enjoy reading different kinds of books,but Harry Porter is my favorite one.
我很喜欢读不同种类的书,但是,《哈利·波特》是我最喜欢的书。
2.The fairy tales are my favorites,such as Grimm's Fairy Tales,Anderson's Fairy Tales and so on.
童话故事是我最喜欢的,比如说《格林童话》《安徒生童话》等。
3.The story is very long but I am interested in it.这个故事很长,但是我很感兴趣。
4.In fact,the fiction story is so meaningful that I can learn a lot from it.
事实上,这个小说非常有意义,我从这本书中学到很多。
5.We are also astonished and convinced by his fertile imagination and scientific and geographical knowledge.我们也对他丰富的想象力、科学、地理知识感到很吃惊和折服。
6.I think it's the best book I've ever read.
我认为这是我读过的最好的书。
例文
请写一篇80词左右的短文,介绍小说《百万英镑》(The Million Pound Bank Note),主要内容包括:
1.小说作者;2.语言风格;3.故事梗概;4.你印象最深的地方。
The Million Pound Bank Note was written by Mark Twain,a great American writer.Through his humorous and sarcastic language,Mark Twain successfully depicted an unbelievable adventure of Henry Adams,a penniless American in London.
Two rich men in London have a bet on Henry and want to see what will become of him a month later if they give him a million pound banknote which can't be cashed for even a penny.A month goes by,but Henry becomes a a rich man.What's more,he even wins a pretty lady's love.
What impresses me most is that in the story,Henry's note is only exhibited for the eyes of others as a symbol of wealth.
Unit 2 A life’s work
一、核心单词
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1. lens - n. (照相机、摄像机的)镜头
2. pose - v. (使)摆好姿势
3. grocery - n. 食品杂货店
4. fascination - n. 着迷,迷恋
5. fashion - n. 时尚
6. uncomplicated - adj. 不复杂的,简单的
7. faraway - adj. 遥远的
8. celebrity - n. 名人,明星
9. craft - n. (某一行业所需的)技能
10. anthropologist - n. 人类学家
11. trial - n. 试验
12. craftsmanship - n. 手艺;工艺;技艺
13. atomic - adj. 原子能的;核能的
14. hydrogen - n. 氢
15. propulsion - n. (车辆等的)推进力
16. acclaim - n. 表扬,赞赏
17. shun - v. (故意)避开,躲开
18. spotlight - n. 聚光灯;媒体的关注
19. harsh - adj. 恶劣的,艰苦的
20. prosperous - adj. 富裕的,繁荣的
二、单词拓展
1. fascination n.着迷,迷恋→fascinate v.使着迷→fascinating adj.迷人的,极有吸引力的
2. uncomplicated adj.不复杂的,简单的;单纯的→complicated adj.复杂的
3. restoration n.(旧建筑或旧家具等的)修复,整修→restore v.恢复;修复
4.maximum n.最大量,最大值→minimum n.最小值
5.preserve v.维护,保护;保存→preservation n.维护,保护;保存
6.modest adj.谦虚的,谦逊的→modesty n.谦逊
7.dominate v.支配,控制,主宰→domination n.支配,控制;统治
8.architecture n.建筑风格,建筑设计→architect n.建筑师
9.ambitious adj.宏大的,艰巨的→ambition n.雄心;野心;抱负
10.associate v.与……有关→association n.协会,社团;联合;联想
11.analysis n.分析→analyze v.分析
三、常考单词
1.nothing more than=no more than不过;仅仅;只有
用法
规则
(1)more than+数词,表示“超过;多于”,相当于over。
(2)more than+形容词,表示“很;非常”。
(3)more than+名词,表示“不只是,不仅仅”。
(4)more than与情态动词can/could连用时,表示“超过了……所能”。
(5)more...than...表示“比……更……;与其说……不如说……”。
(6)no more than+名词或基数词,表示“不过;仅仅;只有”(侧重数量少)。
(7)not more than+基数词,表示“最多;不超过”。
注意
事项
(1)当more than用来连接两个主语时,谓语动词的数通常与第一个主语的数保持一致。
(2)more...than...结构强调more后面的内容,表示同一个人或事物的两种特征对比。
2.contribute to有助于;导致
contribute v.捐献;贡献;投稿;促成,造成
contribute...to...把……贡献给……;把(时间等)投入到……
contribution n.贡献;捐献;稿件
make contributions/a contribution to对……做出贡献;捐款
3.date back to (=date from)追溯到;始于;起源于
date back追溯;上溯后接时间段
out of dateoutofdate 过时的,过期的
up to dateuptodate 最新的
to date到目前为止
set/fix a date for sth.约定……的日期
4.leave ... behind遗留;把……丢在后面
leave out删掉;漏掉;不理会;忽视
leave...alone不管;别惹;让……一个人待着
leave aside不予考虑;搁置一边
leave for动身去某地
leave off中止;中断
5.if引导虚拟语气
If it hadn’t been for a three-episode documentary,outsiders would never have known that the plainly-dressed people working here are masters of their craft...若不是一部三集的纪录片,外面的人永远不会知道在这里工作的那些衣着朴素的人都是精于各门技艺的大师……
非真实条件句中的虚拟语气
虚拟条件句
主句
与现在事实
相反的假设
动词的过去式(be动词一般用were)
would/could/should/might+动词原形
与过去事实
相反的假设
had+过去分词
would/could/should/might+
have+过去分词
与将来事实
相反的假设
(1)动词的过去式
(2)were to+动词原形
(3)should+动词原形
would/could/should/might+动词原形
四.单元短语
1.pose for为……摆好姿势
2.put...into...把……放入……
3.regardless of不顾,不管
4.pass away去世
5.by trial and error反复试验(以得出最佳结果)
6.be born into出生于……(的家庭)
7.back down退让,认输
8.be experienced in对……有经验
9.at one's own pace按某人自己的节奏
10.originate from起源于;来源于
11.bring...back to life使复活;使恢复生机
12.neither...nor...既不……也不……
13.take up开始从事;占据(时间、空间或精力)
14.nothing more than仅仅;只不过
15.as much as和……一样多
16.fascination with对……着迷
17.devotion to对……的挚爱/奉献
18.not once从未,从来没有
19.the approach to.……的方式/方法
20.the passion for对……的热爱;酷爱……
21.day in, day out日复一日
22.range from...to... 在一定幅度或范围内变动;包括从……到……之间的各类事物
23.pass on...to... 传递……给……
24.take on承担;呈现;雇用
五.单元佳句
1.What made Cunningham great was his devotion to photography.(教材原句)
翻译:让坎宁安成就斐然的是他对摄影的赤诚热爱。
解析:what 引导表语从句,在从句中作主语。
A simple restaurant was where he usually had meals.(教材原句)
翻译:他常在一家简朴的小餐馆用餐。
解析:where 引导表语从句,在从句中作地点状语。
The reason is that he loves his work deeply.(高频句式)
翻译:原因是他深爱自己的工作。
解析:易错点:主语为 reason 时,表语从句只用 that 引导,不可用 because/why。
Given the complex work, each expert can repair two clocks at most a year.(教材原句)
翻译:鉴于工作繁杂,每位专家每年最多修复两座古钟。
解析:given 作介词,意为 “考虑到;鉴于”。
六.单元语法
表语从句
一、表语从句的概述
在复合句中作表语的从句,叫作表语从句。它位于主句的系动词之后,对主语进行解释、说明,使主语的内容具体化。含有表语从句的复合句的一般结构为“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, seem, look, sound, taste, feel, remain, appear等。另外,because, as if, as though, as, like等也可引导表语从句。
二、表语从句的引导词
1.从属连词:that, whether等;
2.连接代词:who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等;
3.连接副词:when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however等。
三、表语从句的类型
1.从属连词that, whether引导的表语从句
that,whether只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分。that无实义,一般不可省略,whether意为“是否”,不能换成if(一般不用if引导表语从句)。
The trouble is that he has lost his money.麻烦是他丢了钱。
The question is whether we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰激凌。
2.连接代词引导的表语从句
连接代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语,连接代词不能省略。
The problem was who could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作。
That's what he is worrying about.那就是他在担心的事。
3.连接副词引导的表语从句
连接副词 when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however等除在句子中起连接作用外,在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式或原因状语,本身具有词义。
Go and get your coat.It's where you left it.去把外套拿来,就在你原来放的地方。
I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.That's why I got wet through.我既没雨衣也没雨伞,这就是我淋湿的原因。
That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.那就是老鼠怎样每年损害大量粮食的。
4.because/why引导的表语从句
because与why引导表语从句的区别:because引导的表语从句强调原因;why引导的表语从句强调结果。
That's because he didn't understand me.那是因为他不理解我。
This is why I think my happiest days will be in the future.这就是我认为自己最快乐的日子会在将来的原因。
—You look tired.
—That may be because I didn't have a good sleep last night.
——你看起来很累。
——那可能是因为我昨天晚上没睡好。
[名师点津] 如果主句主语是reason,表语从句的连接词用that,不能用why或because。常见的句型为“The reason why ...is that ...”
The reason why he came late is that he got up late.(that不能换成because)
他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。
四、表语从句使用虚拟语气的情况
1.as if, as though 引导的表语从句可用陈述语气,也可用虚拟语气。此类表语从句常跟在特定的动词后面,如seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel等。as if/as though引导的表语从句用虚拟语气时,如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;如果从句表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用“had+过去分词”;如果从句表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。
You look as if you've had a good time.(陈述语气)你看起来好像玩得很开心。
They talked as if they had been good friends for years.(虚拟语气)他们说起话来好像是多年的好朋友似的。
2.如果主句的主语是advice, demand, order, suggestion, requirement, request, command等时,表语从句用虚拟语气,动词形式为“(should)+动词原形”。
The suggestion given by our teacher is that we (should) practise reading English every day.
我们老师给的建议是我们应该每天练习读英语。
Her request is that the doctor (should) be sent for at once.她要求立即派人请医生来。
七.单元写作
介绍一位具有工匠精神的人物
人物介绍的相关表达
开头:
简单地
介绍人
物
词汇
1.be born in 出生于 2.be considered/regarded as被认为是……
句子
1.Confucius is a great thinker and educationist in ancient China.孔子是中国古代伟大的思想家和教育家。
2.Born in Yibin City, Sichuan Province in 1905, Zhao Yiman became a member of the Communist Party of China in 1926.赵一曼1905年出生于四川省宜宾市,1926年加入中国共产党。
主体:
介绍人
物的生
平和成
就等
词汇
1.become interested in对……产生兴趣 2.show interest in表现出对……的兴趣
3.at an early age在年幼时
句子
1.Deng Yaping, whose hobby is playing ping-pong, has devoted herself to the sport after graduation.邓亚萍的爱好是打乒乓球,毕业后她全身心地投入到这项运动中。
2.Li Keran, a famous painter and art educator, developed a personal style of landscape painting.著名画家兼美术教育家李可染形成了自己的山水画风格。
3.Not only is he devoted to his research, but he also concerns himself with the welfare project.他不仅致力于自己的研究,而且还关心福利项目。
4.In 2006, having broken the world record and got the gold medal, he became the idol of the youth.2006年,他打破了世界纪录并获得金牌,成为年轻人的偶像。
5.It is his hard training and his perseverance that lead to his breakthrough and success in swimming.正是他的刻苦训练和毅力使他在游泳方面取得了突破和成功。
6.Not only is she very strict with herself in her study and daily life, but she is also always ready to help others.她不但在学习和日常生活中严格要求自己,而且总是乐于帮助别人。
结尾:
评价人
物,表达
自己的
感想
词汇
1.ambitious adj.有抱负的,野心勃勃的 2.outstanding adj.杰出的
3.modest adj.谦虚的
4.painstaking adj.小心的;费尽心思的;精心的
5.be famous for因……而出名
6.dedicate oneself to致力于
句子/
句型
1.Nie Er is considered as one of the greatest musical geniuses in the history of China and will be remembered by the Chinese people forever.聂耳被认为是中国历史上最伟大的音乐天才之一,中国人民将永远铭记他。
2.Due to his/her contribution to..., he/she was honoured with...由于他/她对……的贡献,他/她荣获……
3.She/He sets a good example to us and we should...她/他为我们树立了好的榜样,我们应该……
写作题目
假定你是李华, 请根据下列提示,为校报的英语园地写一篇英语短文,介绍你最崇拜的中国科学家梁建英。
1.出生时间、地点:1972年4月出生于吉林省。
2.职务:中国高铁总设计师。
3.主要经历:
(1) 1995年大学毕业后开始从事高铁研究工作;
(2) 2007年她率领团队研制出国内首列运行时速为300—350千米的高速列车;
(3) 2017年,“复兴号”以350千米的时速正式投入运营,在高铁运营领域取得了新的突破。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
参考词汇:高速列车G-Series High-Speed Train
思路点拨
Liang Jianying, general designer of China's high-speed railway,was born in Jilin Province in April 1972.
Since she graduated in 1995.Liang Jianying has been devoting herself to the research of China's G-Series High-Speed Train. In 2007, she led her team to develop the first G-Series High-Speed Train in China which was operated at the speed of 300-350 kph. In 2017, the Fuxing train was put into service officially with the speed of 350 kph, which made a new breakthrough in the operation of the high-speed railway. Liang Jianying has set a good example to us.
Inspired by her spirit of painstaking devotion and innovation, we will study hard and contribute to the development of our country in the future.
Unit 3 War and peace
一、核心单词
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1. shoot v.射出 (光线等),放射
2. battery n.电池
3. stuff n.东西,物品
4. brilliant adj.聪颖的,才华横溢的
5. cure n.药剂;疗法
6. account n.记述,描述
7. procedure n.程序,步骤,手续
二、单词拓展
1.violent adj.狂暴的,凶暴的→violence n.暴力,暴行;狂热;激情→violently adv.猛烈地;激烈地
2.landing n.(军队的)登陆→land vi.登陆;跌落
3.commander n.指挥官,长官→command v.命令,统率
4.objective n.目的,目标 adj.客观的;客观存在的,基于事实的→objectively adv.客观地
5.barely adv.勉强才能→bare adj.裸露的;光秃秃的
6.liberate v.解放(城市、国家等)→liberation n.解放
7.memorial adj.纪念的,追悼的→memory n.记忆;记忆力→memorable adj.值得纪念的;难忘的
8.stability n.稳固,稳定→stable adj.稳定的,牢固的;稳重的,沉稳的→stably adv.稳定地;坚固地
→stabilize v.(使)稳定,稳固
9.academic adj.学术的→academy n.专科院校;研究院;学会→academically adv.学术上;理论上
10.aggression n.侵略→aggressive adj.侵略的;好斗的→aggressively adv.侵略地;有闯劲地
11.associated adj.联合的→associate n.伙伴;同事;合伙人v.联想,联系→association n.协会,社团
12.emerge v.出现→emergence n.兴起→emergency n.紧急情况,突发事件
13.invader n.侵略者,侵略军→invade v.侵略,侵袭
14.dedication n.奉献→dedicate v.献身于,致力于
→dedicated adj.献身的;专心致志的
15.representative n.代表→representv.代表;象征
三、常考单词
1.objective n.目的,目标
adj.客观的;无偏见的;真实的;宾格的
object v.反对;不赞成 n.目标,目的;物体
object to sb./sth.反对;不赞成……
object to (sb.’s) doing sth.反对(某人)做某事
objection n.不赞成;反对;异议
have/raise/make an objection to/against (doing) sth.对(做)某事表示反对
用法点拨:
object作及物动词时,后只能接that从句作宾语;若接名词或代词作宾语需要后跟介词to。用作及物动词后接that从句时,其后从句所表示的内容不是反对的内容,而是反对的理由。如:I wanted to climb the hill,but he objected that he was too tired.我想要去爬山,但是他却以太累为由表示反对。
2.commander n.指挥官,长官
command v.命令;博得;拥有;指挥 n.命令;掌握;运用能力
command sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事
command that...(should) do...命令……
at one’s command听某人支配
take command of指挥;控制;掌管
in command of掌管;掌握
have a good command of掌握……;精通……
3.representative n.代表;代理人
adj.典型的;有代表性的
represent v.代表;象征;表示;描绘;声称
represent sb./sth.as/to be...宣称某人为……;把某事叙述为……
represent sth.to sb.向某人说明(传达)某事
stand for代表;象征
on behalf of sb.(=on one’s behalf)为了某人;代表某人
4.put down镇压;平定;记下;记载;放下
put out熄灭,扑灭;关掉灯;出版;拿出,
put aside把……放在一边;撇开;储蓄
put away把……收起,放好;储存;抛弃
put forward提出;将……提前;把时针等向前拨
put up张贴;举起;抬起;建造;留宿
put up with忍受;容忍;经受
5.keep to遵守;履行;不偏离
keep it up保持优秀成绩;继续干下去
keep up with跟上;不落后
keep back忍住;隐瞒
keep off使……不接近;防止……靠近;让开
keep up保持;坚持;维持;沿袭风俗、传统等
keep away from避免接近;远离;勿靠近
6.hold down压制;限制
hold back阻挡;抵制;克制;控制;退缩
hold out 食物等维持;伸出;坚持
hold off推迟,延迟;使疏远或避开
hold up举起;支撑;耽搁;抢劫
hold on 打电话时用语请等一下,不要挂断;坚持住,挺住
hold on to抓住;坚持,不放弃
7. no wonder...=It’s no wonder...难怪……;……不足为奇
wonder n.奇迹;惊愕
work/do wonders创造奇迹
in wonder惊讶地
It’s a wonder that...令人惊讶的是……
wonder v.怀疑;想知道;惊奇
wonder at/about...对……感到惊讶
wonderful adj.奇妙的;极好的;意想不到的
四.单元短语
1.make up of...组成
2.free...from...从……中解放……,……从……中获得自由
3.have confidence in对……有信心
4.prepare for为……做准备
5.make it幸免于难,渡过难关;获得成功
6.meet up with与……见面/会面
7.on standby待命
8.lay the foundation for为……打下基础
9.at war处于交战状态
10.break through突破, 冲破
11.set the date for确定……的日期
12.nothing less than简直是;极其;不亚于
13.in between介于……之间
14.refer to...as...称……为……
15.be packed like sardines拥挤不堪
16.dire shortages of...……严重短缺
17.shirk one's duty逃避某人的责任
18.a sense of commitment奉献精神;责任感
19.track down跟踪找到,追查到
20.turn sorrow into anger化悲痛为愤怒
五.单元佳句
1.Your enemy is well trained and battle-hardened.(教材原句)
翻译:敌军训练有素,身经百战。
解析:enemy 视作整体,谓语动词用单数。
2.The enemy were hiding behind the hills.(教材原句)
翻译:敌兵们埋伏在山后。
解析:enemy 强调个体士兵,谓语动词用复数(主谓一致核心考点)。
3.Code-named "Operation Overlord", it was the largest combined sea, air and land operation in history.(教材原句)
翻译:代号 “霸王行动” 的这场战役,是史上规模最大的海陆空联合作战。
解析:过去分词短语作状语。
4.We have full confidence in your courage and devotion.(教材原句)
翻译:我们对你的勇气与担当充满信心。
六.单元语法
主谓一致
主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词与其主语在“人称”和“数”上保持一致。
[归纳用法]
1.集体名词作主语时的主谓一致
(1)集体名词作主语,如果表示一个整体概念时,谓语动词就用单数形式;如果强调组成集体的个体成员时,谓语动词就用复数形式。常见的这类名词有family,class,team,group,enemy,army,audience, band, club,crowd,staff,committee,company, crew, government, public等。
The family has settled in Canada.这家人已定居加拿大。
My family are having lunch now.我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
(2)个别集体名词,如people,police,cattle等作主语,谓语动词必须用复数形式。
The police are investigating the case.警方正在调查这个案件。
2.单数名词作主语,后面紧跟as well as,rather than, but,except,besides,with,along with,together with,like,including,in addition to,combined with等时,谓语动词用单数形式。
The teacher as well as the students is ready to help others.不仅学生们乐于助人,老师也乐于助人。
3.单复数同形的名词作主语时的主谓一致
单复数同形的名词作主语时,根据其意义是单数概念还是复数概念来判断谓语用单数还是用复数。如means方式,方法,sheep羊,deer鹿,works工厂等。
Every means has been tried many times.每一种办法都已经试过多次了。
4.单数概念的复数形式名词作主语时的主谓一致
单数概念的复数形式名词(如学科、机构、书名、剧名、国名等)作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。如physics 物理,mathematics/maths 数学,economics 经济学,politics政治学,gymnastics体操,the United States 美国,the United Nations联合国,A Dream in Red Mansions(The Story of the Stone) 《红楼梦》,Anderson's Fairy Tales 《安徒生童话集》 等。
As we know,physics is a fundamental subject in science.我们知道物理是自然科学中的一门基础学科。
Mathematics is a required course for middle school students.数学是中学生的一门必修课。
5.“两部分” 概念的物体名词作主语时的主谓一致
由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。但是如果这些词由单位词(a pair of,a kind of, a suit of,a piece of 等)修饰时,单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。这类名词如chopsticks, compasses,glasses, gloves,jeans,pants,scissors,shoes,shorts,socks,trousers等。
My trousers are white.我的裤子是白色的。
Why are your shoes so dirty?为什么你的鞋子那么脏?
6.名词短语(距离、时间、长度、金额等)作主语时的主谓一致
当名词短语的中心词为表示距离、时间、长度、金额等的复数名词时,往往把这些复数名词看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。这类复数名词有miles,dollars,pounds,kilograms,kilometres,centimeters, millimeters,seconds,hours,years等。
Five dollars seems a fair price.五美元看起来是一个公道的价格。
7.more(...)than one.../many a...结构作主语时的主谓一致
“more than one/many a...+单数名词”作主语时,谓语用单数;“more+复数名词+than one” 作主语时,谓语用复数。
More than one white rose has bloomed in the garden.花园里开了不止一朵白玫瑰。
8.“分数/百分数+of+名词”构成的短语作主语时的主谓一致
“分数/百分数+of+名词” 构成的短语作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词的数。
Two thirds of the students support the plan.三分之二的学生支持这项计划。
七.单元写作
介绍一位英雄人物
描写一位英雄人物属于记叙文的范畴,它以写人、记事为主,以叙述和描写为主要表达方式。一篇好的人物描写一般分为三大部分,即生平介绍、事迹叙述和简短的评论。时态的选择要视情况而定,若写人物的过去就用过去时态,若写人物的现在就用现在时态。
[基本框架]
1.首段:生平介绍
人物的出生时间和地点是必不可少的信息;介绍生平时要尊重客观事实,材料要真实。
2.中段:事迹叙述
选材要着眼于人物的生活背景及其成就事迹,以形成对比,起到突出人物的特点和树立榜样的作用。选材要有重点,不必面面俱到。
3.尾段:简短的评论
对所描述的人物的评论要客观公正。
[常用词块]
1.at the age of four 4岁时
2.a boy of sixteen一个16岁的男孩
3.make friends with her和她交朋友
4.be ready to help others乐于助人
5.a lively and smart girl一个活泼聪明的女孩
6.be warmhearted and goodlooking热心肠而且漂亮/俊朗
7.learn from each other and help each other相互帮助相互学习
8.be highly praised by the teachers and students得到老师和同学的高度称赞
9.join the Eighth Route Army参加八路军
10.be born in a poor peasant family出生于一个贫苦的农民家庭
[常用语句]
1.介绍人物的姓名、出身及外貌特征
①He has fair hair and blue eyes.他有金色的头发和蓝色的眼睛。
②Abraham Lincoln,the son of a poor family,was born in Kentucky on February 12,1809.
亚伯拉罕·林肯,一个贫苦家庭的儿子,于1809年2月12日生于肯塔基州。
③She is an ordinarylooking girl,but her kindness and consideration impress me most.
她是一个普普通通的女孩,但她的善良和体贴使我印象深刻。
④He is a goodlooking,kindhearted man.他是一个相貌俊朗,心地善良的男子。
2.介绍人物的成就或取得的成绩
①She won first prize in the Chinese Poetry Contest at the age of ten.她10岁就获得了《中国诗词比赛》一等奖。
②He spent 28 years on the ocean journeys and went to more than thirty countries.As a result,China's economy developed faster.
他花了28年在海上航行,到达30多个国家。结果,中国的经济发展得更快了。
③He/She is good at spoken English and even better at using computers.
他/她擅长英语口语,更擅长使用电脑。
3.介绍人物的影响及人们对此人的评价
①We regard him as our model.我们把他作为我们的榜样。
②The people had come to love him as an inspiring leader.人们把他作为一个鼓舞人心的领袖而开始热爱他。
③Lei Feng has been praised for his communist spirit.雷锋因他的共产主义精神而受到称赞。
例文
保定市残疾青年医生宁学雷,凭着其过人的医术和高尚的医德为乡邻所敬重。请你根据下列有关提示用英语写一篇报道,简要介绍身残志坚的好医生宁学雷。
1.宁学雷出生在河北保定市,1岁时患上了小儿麻痹症,导致下身瘫痪,疾病的磨难激发了他学医救人的志向;
2.经过多年的刻苦学习,他最终实现了梦想,考入了一所医学院;
3.大学毕业后,他开了一家诊所,边行医边学习,不断提高自己的医术;
4.他医德高尚,不计报酬,始终把治病救人放在首位,因此赢得了人们的尊重。
注意:1.词数80左右;2.短文要求包含所有要点,但不必逐条翻译;
3.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:小儿麻痹症poliomyelitis
Ning Xuelei,born in Baoding, Hebei Province,suffered from poliomyelitis at the age of one and never regained the use of his legs.The hardship and sufferings never defeated him but inspired him to study medicine to save people's lives in the future.
Having studied hard for many years,he finally realized his dream and was admitted to a medical college.After graduating,he started a clinic and began to give medical treatments to people.In the meanwhile,he tries his best to improve his medical skills by learning from other experienced doctors.
Ning Xuelei is a noble doctor without expecting rewards from his patients.In addition,as a doctor,he puts “curing the sickness to save the patient”first,thus winning wide respect from others.
Unit 4 A glimpse of the future
一、核心单词
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1.regulate v.控制,管理
2.illegal adj.非法的,违法的
3.immoral adj.不道德的
4.cite v.引用;引述
5.assess v.评价,评定
6.reckon v.认为,以为
7.bound adj.可能的
8. demand n.需要,需求
9.frown v.皱眉
10.tightly adv.紧紧地
11. desperate adj.拼命的,绝望的
12.faulty adj.有故障的,有缺陷的
13.consistent adj.一贯的,一致的
14.bound adj.可能的
二、单词拓展
1.assist v.帮助→assistant n.助手,助理→assistance n.帮助,援助
2.potential adj.潜在的 n.潜力;可能性→potentially adv.潜在地
3.automatic adj.自动的→automatically adv.自动地;机械地→automation n.自动化
4.capable adj.有能力的,能胜任的→capability n.能力,才能→capacity n.能力,才能
5.regulate v.控制,管理→regulation n.规章,制度
6.legal adj.法律的;合法的→illegal adj.非法的,违法的
7.assess v.评价,评定→assessment n.评价;估价;核定的付款额
8.cycle n.自行车→cyclist n.骑自行车的人
9.demand n.需要,需求;要求 v.强烈要求;需要→demanding adj.要求高的;费力的;苛求的
10.imitate v.模仿,效仿;仿造,伪造→imitation n.仿制品
11.tight adj.紧的,牢固的;紧身的;绷紧的;严格的;拮据的,吝啬的→tightly adv.紧紧地
12.desperate adj.拼命的,绝望的→desperately adv.极其,非常;绝望地;不顾一切地,拼命地→desperation n.绝望
13.fault n.错误;缺点 v.发现错误→faulty adj.有故障的,有缺陷的
14.consistent adj.一贯的,一致的→consistently adv.一贯地;一致地;→consistency n.一致性,连贯性
三、常考单词
1.inconvenience n.不方便
convenient adj.方便的;便利的
if it is convenient(to/for you)如果(你)方便的话
It is convenient for sb.to do sth.对某人来说做某事很方便。
convenience n.[U]方便;便利;[C]便利的事物(或设施)
at one’s convenience在某人方便时
for convenience为方便起见
conveniently adv.方便地
2. demand vi.& vt.强烈要求;需要
n.要求,需求
be in (great) demand (迫切)需求
on demand一经要求
meet/satisfy one’s demands for...满足某人对……的需求
demand to do sth.要求做某事
demand of sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事
demand that...(should) do sth.要求……做某事
demanding adj.高要求的;要求严格的;费力的
4.go through履行某程序;经历苦难等;完成;通过;检查;用完
go over复习;仔细检查
go out出去;熄灭
go against违背;违反
go up上涨;上升
go ahead前进;干吧;说吧
go without没有……也可应付;将就
go by 时间流逝;过去
5.though引导让步状语从句
Jimmy,expert though he was,couldn’t outrace Robutt,who didn’t need a spacesuit,and had four legs and tendons of steel.吉米虽然是专家,但是也超不过罗伯特,罗伯特不需要宇航服,有四条腿和钢腱。
though引导的让步状语从句可倒装可不倒装。
as引导让步状语从句时,从句须倒装。其结构为:
①单数可数名词(无冠词)/形容词+as+主语+be+其他成分;
②动词原形+as+主语+助动词/情态动词+其他成分;
③副词+as+主语+谓语动词+其他成分。
注意:although引导的从句不能倒装;它们可以与yet,still连用,不能与but连用。
四.单元短语
1.in contrast比较起来,相比之下
2.be susceptible to易受……影响的
3.agree on对……取得一致意见
4.have no choice but to do sth.除做某事之外别无选择
5.be made up of由……组成
6.be bound to很有可能,肯定会
7.sooner or later迟早
8.change one's mind改变某人的想法
9.break down出故障
10.happen to遇到;遭到
11.so far到目前为止
12.hang out闲逛
13.wipe out摧毁;使灭绝
14.lie in存在;在于
15.bank on依靠,指望
16.on the horizon将要发生
17.around the corner即将来临
18.set out开始努力;出发
19.go through经历;通读;获得通过
20.in shock震惊地
五.单元佳句
1.不过,我的确认为,人工智能的发展在整体上让处理日常事务变得容易得多。
Still, I do think that developments in AI will on the whole make doing day-to-day things a lot easier.
2.穿着他的宇航服,他看上去更厚实、粗短,但他能应对月球引力,这是地球上出生的人无法做到的。
He looked thicker and stubbier with his spacesuit on, but he could handle the lunar gravity as no Earth-born human being could.
3.吉米虽然是行家,但是也超不过罗布,罗布不需要宇航服并且有四条腿和钢制的肌腱。
Jimmy, expert though he was, couldn't outrace Robutt, who didn't need a spacesuit, and had four legs and tendons of steel.
4.他好像在等吉米说什么,然后他说……
He seemed to be waiting for Jimmy to say something, then he said...
5.直到一个小时后,他才注意到卡罗琳把她的紧急呼叫装置落在了早餐桌上。
It was not until an hour later that he noticed that Carolyn had left her emergency call device on the breakfast table.
六.单元语法
主谓一致(二)
[归纳用法]
一、数量概念作主语时的主谓一致
1.当主语是“most/some/half/the rest+of+名词” 时,如果of后面的名词表示单数概念或为不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果of后面的名词表示复数概念,则谓语动词用复数形式。
Most of his time is spent on study.他的大部分时间都用在了学习上。
The rest of the workers here are women.这儿剩余的工人是女性。
2.“a number of+名词复数”作主语时谓语用复数,意为“大量,许多”;“ the number of+复数名词”作主语,谓语用单数,意为“……的数量”。
A number of students have gone home.许多学生已经回家了。
The number of pages in this book is two hundred.这本书的页数是200。
3.“quantities of+复数名词/不可数名词”谓语动词用复数;
“a quantity of+复数名词/不可数名词”谓语动词用单数。
Quantities of food(nuts) were on the table.有大量的食物(坚果)在桌子上。
With more forests being destroyed,a quantity of good earth is being washed away each year.
随着越来越多的森林遭到破坏,每年有大量的肥沃土壤被冲走。
4.a great deal of,a large amount of修饰不可数名词时,谓语动词通常用单数;large amounts of修饰不可数名词,谓语动词通常用复数。
A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time.很短的时间内就造成了很大的损失。
Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.建造这座桥花了大笔的钱。
5.如果主语由“the+形容词(过去分词)”结构充当,谓语动词常用复数,这类词有the brave,the poor,the rich,the blind,the young,the old等。
The old are very well taken care of in our city.在我们城市老年人被照顾得很好。
6.表示数量的one and a half后,名词要用复数形式,但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
One and a half bananas is left on the table.桌上还剩下一根半香蕉。
7.如果主语由 “a series of,a pile of,a portion of+名词”或由“a sort/type of,this sort/type of+名词” 构成,谓语动词通常用单数。
This sort of vegetables is rather expensive.这种蔬菜相当贵。
That type of machines is uptodate.那种机器是最新的。
This new type of buses is now on show.=Buses of this kind are now on show.
现在正展出一款新型的公共汽车。
二、不定代词作主语时的主谓一致
1.someone,anyone,no one,everyone,something,nothing等复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。
Someone has let the news out.有人把这条消息泄漏出去了。
It's Sunday.Nobody is in.今天星期天。没人在家。
2.each of+名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Each of the students has an apple.每个学生都有一个苹果。
We/You/They/The students each have an apple.我们/你们/他们/学生各有一个苹果。
[名师点津] 复数形式 students作主语,each作同位语。
3.all 作主语时,若指人,谓语通常用复数;若指事物或现象,谓语通常用单数。
All have gone home.大家都回家了。
All that glitters is not gold.发亮的不一定都是金子。
[名师点津] 若是“all of+名词”作主语,则谓语动词与其中名词的数保持一致。
4.either和neither作主语时,若是单独作主语,谓语动词用单数;若是用于“either (neither) of+名词”结构作主语,则其后的谓语动词可用单数(正式文体)或复数(非正式文体)。
Neither was satisfactory.两个都不令人满意。
Neither of the two computers is (are) cheap.这两台电脑都不便宜。
5.none(of) 作主语时,若指不可数名词,谓语用单数;若指复数可数名词,谓语可用单数(正式文体)或复数(非正式文体)。
None of the money is mine.这笔钱没有一点是我的。
None of the boys like (likes) it.这些男孩子谁也不喜欢它。
七.单元写作
续写故事
本单元写作要求续写故事。故事一般有环境、人物、情节以及文学的艺术性。在体裁上属于记叙文,情节的发展多以时间、地点的转移为线索。写故事时,要展开丰富的想象,适当构思情节,并把故事情节写得生动有趣,同时要合乎逻辑。此外,续写文章时,要注意续写内容和原文的衔接。续写部分必须忠实于原文的中心、内容与形式。
[基本框架]
第一部分为故事的开始,交代故事的背景;
第二部分叙述故事的发展和高潮;
第三部分为故事的结局。
[常用词块]
1.get up起床
2.go out出去
3.look around环顾四周
4.calm down平静下来
5.step out走出去
6.walk up to走向
7.show around带领……参观
8.ask for 请求
[常用语句]
1.The ring suddenly began to speak,which made the brave young man very amazed.
指环突然开口说话,勇敢的年轻人很吃惊。
2.It was the most exciting moment that I had ever experienced.
这是我经历过的最激动人心的时刻。
3.Just then,something strange happened.就在这时,奇怪的事情发生了。
4.Eventually,he found the girl,on whom the witch put a spell.
最终,他找到了被女巫施了魔法的女孩。
5.While walking in space,we enjoyed weight loss and the beauty of the night sky.
行走在太空,我们享受着失重的状态和美丽的夜空。
6.In addition,it can do all the housework on my instructions.
此外,它可以按我的指令做所有的家务。
7.In 2146,we are flying in the air,conveying signals through our minds.
2146年,我们在空中飞翔,通过我们的大脑传输信号。
8.They finally defeated the evil witch,living a happy life.他们终于打败了邪恶的女巫,过上了幸福的生活。
例文
某英文报社Fantasy Stories栏目正面向中学生举办征文大赛。请你根据所给故事的开头,用英语写一篇文章应征。
注意:1.词数80左右(文章开头已给出,但不计入总词数);
2.想象合理,行文连贯,故事完整。
A young man was walking through a wood when he saw a shining ring lying on the ground.He just stood and wondered and then the ring said,“Young man,a kind girl is trapped by a witch in the castle ahead.If you are brave enough to rescue her,you will gain happiness.Put me on and I will help you.”
Without hesitation,the young man put the ring on his finger.Much to his surprise,the moment he had the ring on,he became an invisible man.Entering the castle easily,he spotted the girl in a dark room,on whom the witch had put a spell.After he learned that the girl couldn't move unless someone destroyed the witch's magical wand to remove the spell,the young man looked around for the wand,and he found it lying in a golden box.He ruined the wand swiftly,removing the spell on the girl and setting her free.Afterwards,the young man,together with the girl,defeated the witch.
The young man,marrying the girl,led a sweet life hereafter.
一、单词拼写
1.Many scientists are trying to predict what the f_______ will be like with the development of AI.(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】future/uture
【详解】考查名词。句意:许多科学家正试图预测随着人工智能的发展,未来会是什么样子。根据首字母和句意可知,此空应填名词future,表示“未来”,为不可数名词;作主语。故填future。
2.During his stay in England, he had picked up an English a__________. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】accent/ccent
【详解】考查名词。句意:在他待在英国期间,他学到了一些英国口音。根据所给首字母和句意可知,此处应用名词accent“口音”,作宾语。故填accent。
3.Everyone felt surprised to know there seemed to be no m________ for the murder. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】motive/otive
【详解】考查名词。句意:每个人都感到惊讶,知道似乎没有杀人的机会了。根据空前“no”可知,所填空应是名词,结合后文“the murder(谋杀)”可推知,应是名词“motive”,意为“动机;原因”,可数名词,结合语境可知应用单数形式。故填motive。
4.Would you like to j________ us in a walk? (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】join/oin
【详解】考查动词。句意:你愿意和我们一起散步吗? would like to do...为固定句型,表示“想要做……”,结合句意和首字母提示可知,应填入动词join构成不定式结构,意为“加入,参加”。故填join。
5.There is an a_________ (人造的) lake near the park. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】artificial/rtificial
【详解】考查形容词。句意:公园附近有一条人工湖。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里考查“人造的”对应的形容词artificial,作定语,修饰后面的名词lake。故填artificial。
6.He smiled politely, ________ (假装) that he had heard the remark and found it mildly humorous. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】pretending
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他礼貌地笑了笑,假装他听到了这句话,觉得有点幽默。根据汉语提示可知应填动词pretend,与逻辑主语he构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填pretending。
7.The economist has made a very well-rounded ________ (分析) on the situation. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】analysis
【详解】考查名词。句意:经济学家对形势作了全面的分析。根据句意及首字母提示,可知为analysis;设空处前为形容词,形容词修饰名词,设空处应为名词的形式;根据空前的a,可知设空处应为名词的单数的形式。故填analysis。
8.You should make good use of every ______ (宝贵的) minute to study. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】precious
【详解】考查形容词作定语。句意:你应该充分利用每一分钟宝贵的时间来学习。设空处位于名词前面作定语,所以要用形容词;根据汉语提示可知,此处要填precious。故填precious。
9.She will probably take great pride in wearing school _________.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】uniform
【详解】考查名词。句意:她穿上校服很可能会感到非常自豪。空处作动词wear的宾语,结合school可知,名词uniform“制服”符合,school uniform“校服”是常用搭配。故填uniform。
10.Developing good study habits can help us greatly improve our overall __________ performance in all subjects. (根据句意单词拼写)
【答案】academic
【详解】句意:养成良好的学习习惯能够极大地帮助我们提升在所有学科上的整体学业成绩。根据句意“学术的”可知用形容词academic,修饰名词performance作定语。
二、单项选择
11.The Farmers' Club is an organization for people involved in __________.
A.architecture B.agriculture C.astronomy D.academy
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:农民俱乐部是一个从事农业活动的人的组织。A.architecture 建筑;B.agriculture 农业;C.astronomy天文学; D.academy专科院校。根据“The Farmers ”可知,农民俱乐部是一个从事农业活动的人的组织。故选B项。
12.Please be ________, Mr. Lee. How can I finish so much work in such a short time?
A.confident B.modest C.reasonable D.punctual
【答案】C
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:请讲道理,李先生。我怎么能在这么短的时间内完成这么多工作呢?A. confident自信的;B. modest谦虚的;谦逊的;C. reasonable合理的;通情达理的D. punctual准时的。根据“Mr. Lee. How can I finish so much work in such a short time?”可知,说话者请求李先生要通情达理些,因为期望在如此短的时间内完成这么多工作似乎不合理。故选C。
13.One reason is _______ although I have been working ever since leaving school, I won’t be voting in the next general election.
A.what B.which C.that D.why
【答案】C
【详解】考查表语从句。句意:一个原因是,尽管我离开学校后一直在工作,但我不会在下次大选中投票。空处引导表语从句,从句句意完整,不缺少成分,应用连接词that引导,that在名词性从句中无实义,不充当句子成分。故选C。
14.___________it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.
A.That B.If C.Whether D.Where
【答案】C
【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意:是否有可能培育出像水稻这样自花授粉植物的杂交品种是一个备受争议的问题。此句中“_ it was possible to develop a hybrid of self pollinating plants such as rice”为主语从句,根据“a matter of great debate(一个备受争议的问题)”可知,事情不确定,应用“whether”引导主语从句,意为“是否” 。故填C。
15.Facts help us see the nature of the event while opinions lead to deeper thinking many people ________.
A.will lack B.lacked C.lacking D.lack
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:事实帮助我们看到事件的本质,而观点导致许多人缺乏的更深入的思考。“many people ________”是定语从句,关系代词已省略,空格处是从句中的谓语,句子描述客观事实,时态用一般现在时,主语people是复数,因此空格处用原形,故选D。
16.Elizabeth was enormously motivated although she made ________ advances in her English learning.
A.brilliant B.modest C.substantial D.considerable
【答案】B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:尽管伊丽莎白在英语学习上进步不大,但她的积极性却很高。A. brilliant极聪明的;B. modest不太多的;C. substantial重要的;D. considerable相当大的。因为句中有“although尽管”表让步,说明她只有很小的进步,没有取得太多的进步。故选B项。
17.If you ________ to speak to me like that again you will be sorry sooner or later.
A.need B.decide C.happen D.pretend
【答案】D
【详解】动词词义辨析。句意:如果你再装着那样跟我说话,你迟早会后悔的。A.need需要;B.decide决定;C.happen 发生;D.pretend假装。根据下文“you will be sorry sooner or later.”可知,pretend to do sth. 假装做某事。符合句意。故选D项。
18.The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one third _____ used regularly.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:该公司有大约20台笔记本电脑,但只有三分之一是经常使用的。根据“had”可知,本句为一般过去时。one third指代复数,be动词用were。故选D项。
19.Many experts hold the view that teachers’ development is _______ the key to better education lies.
A.which B.what C.where D.how
【答案】C
【详解】考查表语从句。句意:很多专家们持有这样一个观点,教师的发展是教育提升的关键所在。设空处引导表语从句。分析句意可知,连接词在从句中作地点状语,即教师的发展是教育提升的关键所在,用连接副词where引导该从句,在从句中作状语。故选C项。
20.It is uncertain _____ the rise is caused by more time spent on screens or less time outdoors, but previous studies have suggested daylight exposure is the key.
A.how B.where C.what D.whether
【答案】D
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:目前还不确定这一上升是由于看屏幕时间的增加还是户外时间的减少,但之前的研究表明,日光照射是关键。由句意及空前的It is uncertain以及空后的the rise is caused by more time spent on screens or less time outdoors可知此处应填主语从句的引导词whether,whether...or...(是……还是……),it作形式主语,whether从句作真正的主语,故选D项。
三、语法填空
主语从句
1. (2024·全国甲卷)On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ________ is now northwestern Wyoming.
答案:what
解析:介词in后接宾语从句,从句中缺少主语,用what引导,意为“……的地方”。
2. (2023·全国甲卷)________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
答案:What
解析:主语从句,连接词在从句中作主语,表示“……的事物”,故填What。
3. (2021·全国甲卷)We all believe ________ hard work pays off in the end.
答案:that
解析:宾语从句,从句结构完整,用that引导,无实义,有时可省略。
4. (2025·北京卷)The truth, though, is ________ could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here.
答案:what
解析:表语从句,从句中缺少主语,指物,用what引导,意为“……的事情”。
表语从句
1. (2023·新高考II卷)This is ________ they need an English trainer.
答案:why
解析:表语从句,从句结构完整,表达“这就是……的原因”,用why引导。
2. (2024·全国乙卷)The reason is ________…
答案:that
解析:表语从句,固定句型The reason is that…,用that引导,不能用because。
3. (2024·浙江1月卷)If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ________ they’ll promote.
答案:what
解析:表语从句,从句中缺少宾语,指事物,用连接代词what引导。
主谓一致
1. (2025·全国一卷)A decent winner always ________ (try) to beat the opponent by no more than necessary effort.
答案:tries
解析:主语winner为单数,一般现在时用第三人称单数形式。
2. (2025·全国一卷)The players’ personalities ________ (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent.
答案:are revealed
解析:主语personalities为复数,被动语态,用are+过去分词。
3. (2025·全国二卷)The “sunshine scent” of freshly sunned clothes ________ (be) one of them.
答案:is
解析:主语scent为单数,客观事实,用一般现在时is。
4. (2025·浙江1月卷)The concept ________ (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades.
答案:is
解析:主语concept为单数,客观事实,用一般现在时is。
5. (2024·新课标I卷)The Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ________ (walk) visitors through a journey.
答案:walks
解析:主语garden为单数,一般现在时用第三人称单数形式。
6. (2024·新课标II卷)Some of the things that Tang was writing about ________ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns.
答案:were
解析:主语“Some of the things”为复数概念,过去时用were。
7. (2024·全国甲卷)The majority of the workers in this factory ________ (be) women.
答案:are
解析:“the majority of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数。
8. (2024·浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, many clothing rental platforms ________ (start) in China.
答案:have started
解析:主语platforms为复数,时间状语为“Over the last two years”,用现在完成时have+过去分词。
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