Unit8 A green world 单元复习讲义 2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下册

该初中英语Unit 8 A green world复习讲义围绕“环保主题”构建知识体系，按Welcome to the unit、Reading等模块梳理基础词汇与句型，通过表格对比主动与被动语态转换规则，重点单词变形以填空形式呈现，清晰展现语法、词汇等重难点的内在联系。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计与方法指导，“小试牛刀”含单选、动词填空等基础题型夯实语言能力，“任务型阅读”结合环保案例培养思维品质，语法部分强调“先语态后时态”原则助学生掌握规律。同步与课后作业满足不同层次需求，答案详解支持教师精准教学，有效提升学生自主复习效率。

2024新版1 Unit 8 A green world复习讲义 基础知识 【Welcome to the unit】 1. Think green. Be green. 思考环保问题。践行环保行动。 2. environmental problems 环境的问题 3. be aware of =realize 意识到 4. A solution to pollution 解决污染的方案 5. the cause of = the reason for 。。。的原因 6. soil/noise/air/water pollution 土壤/噪音/空气/水污染 7. chemical waste 化学废料 8. unclean fuels 不清洁燃料 9. reduce water pollution 减少水污染 10. share a ride to school 拼车去学校 11. live close 住得近 12. eco-friendly cleaning products 环保清洁用品 【Reading】 1. try (one’s best) to do sth.尽力做某事 2. keep it that way 保持那样子 3. separate 。。。 into 把。。。分成 =...be separated into... 被…...分开 4. separate A from B 把A与B分开/离 =A be separated from B 5. an organization for recycling clothes一个回收旧衣服的组织 6. some…, some…, and others…. 表示“一些…, 一些…, 还有一些”。 7. collect old clothes from all over the country收集来自全国的旧衣服 8. send sb. sth.= send sth. to sb.送给某人某物 sth.be sent to sb. 某物被送给某人 9. have laws to do sth.有法律做某事 10. allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事 = sb. be allowed to do sth. 某人被允许做某事 11. cut down trees砍伐树木 12. cut in 插嘴，打断别人说话 13. drop litter 乱扔垃圾 14. control air and water pollution控制空气、水污染 15. break these rules 违反这些规则 16. strict rules 严格规定 be strict with sb in sth 在某事对某人严格 17. punish sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而惩罚某人 = sb. be punished for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事某人被惩罚 18. fine sb. (+金额) = sb. be fined(+金额) for (doing) sth 因(做)某事被罚款 19. depend on/upon sth. / sb.依靠某物/某人 That depends. / It (all )depends待定，视情况而定 20. be rich in …. 在… 方面很丰富 21. use energy from the sun使用来自太阳的能量 22. run out=use up 用完, 耗尽 (前者无被动，后者有被动) 23. make a / no/ some/ much /a lot of difference to … 对…...有/没有/有些/有很大作用、关系、影响 24. be used more widely 被更广泛地使用 25. waste management 废物管理 【Grammar】 26. a recycling event 一个回收活动 27. take an active part in 积极参加 28. harmful gases 有害气体 do harm to sb / be harmful to sb / harm sb 伤害某人 29. act to do sth= take action to do sth采取行动做某事 30. living things生物 31. have a chance to do 有机会做某事 32. the world around us 我们周围的世界 【Integration】 33. fight desertification 防止荒漠化 34. a/one example of 。。。的一个例子。。。。 another...另一个 35. single-use plastics 一次性塑料制品 36. reduce its desert area 减少它的沙漠面积 37. make a great start in 在。。。中取得良好的开端 38. deal with = solve 解决 39. many years of hard work 多年的努力 40. cause= lead to a lot of damage 造成许多伤害 41. recycle plastic bottles 循环使用塑料瓶 42. so that +句子 以便/为了。。。 43. turn on/ off the lights开/关灯 44. when/while + leaving home 当出门的时候 45. take shorter showers快速淋浴 46. say no to...对。。。说不 47. donate clothes and books to charities 把书捐给慈善机构 48. collect batteries and electronic products 收集电池和电子产品 49. shop in second-hand stores 在二手店里购物 50. focus on 专注于 51. save electricity 省电 52. live a greener life 过一种更加环保的生活 重点单词变形 1. pollute (v.) → ____________ (n.) 污染 ________________(adj.)被污染的 2. __________ (n.) 成功→ ( )_____________(adj.) (不)成功的 _______________ (adv.) 成功地 ____________(vi.) 成功做成 _________ ( ) _________ _____ 成功做某事 = manage to do sth. (反) 失败/未做成 ________ _____ ______ _____ 3. wise (adj.) → ____________ (adv.) 明智地 wisdom (n.) 智慧 4. wide (adj.) → ____________ (adv.) 广泛地 5. effect (n.) → ____________ (vt.) 影响 = ______________(vt.) 6. electric (adj.) → ____________ (n.) 电能 7. recycle (v.) → ____________ (n.) 回收 8. ___________(adj.) 严格的→ ____________ (adv.) 严格地 9. ____________(n.) 管理 10. _____________(adv.) 几乎不=seldom 11. ______________(vt.) 违反；破坏 → ______________(过去式) _______________(过去分词) 语法精讲 一、被动语态结构: 主语+ (助动词)be +及物动词的过去分词 原则：先语态后时态 注：各种时态的被动形式, be随时态的变化而变化。 常见几种时态的被动语态形式为： 一般现在时：am/is/are +及物动词过去分词 Many trees are planted every year. 一般过去时：was/were +及物动词过去分词 All the work was finished last week. 一般将来时：shall/will/be going to be +及物动词过去分词 A bridge will be built over the river in 2020. 现在进行时：am/ is/are+being+及物动词过去分词 My bike is being fixed now. 过去进行时：was/were+being+及物动词过去分词 My clothes were being washed at that moment. 现在完成时：have/has been +及物动词过去分词 The book has been returned to the library. 情态动词：情态动词(must,can,may,could,should..)+be+及物动词过去分词 The children must be looked after well. 二、特殊情况 （一）双宾语：主语+谓语+双宾语的被动语态转化。 带有双宾语的主动句变为被动句时,把其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语,另一个宾语保留不动.一般把表示人的间接宾语变为被动句的主语，也可以把表示物的直接宾语变为被动句的主语. 如: （物做主语补介词,人做主语不用补） 主动 He 主语 gave 谓语(主动) me 间接宾语① a book 直接宾语② 被动 I 间宾(改主格)① was given 谓语(被动) a book 直接宾语 by him 原主语(改宾格) A book 原直宾② was given 谓语(被动) to me 间宾 by him 原主语(改宾格) 一般在tell, show, give, bring, sell, lend, pass等动词后面加to; 在buy, make, do, sing, draw等动词后面加上for. （2） 感使动词： 在主动句中,谓语动词是let, make, keep, have等使役动词或feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, see, watch等感官动词(短语)时,它们后面跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语, 但变为被动句后, 其后作主语补足语的动词不定式前面则应加上不定式符号to . 主动 The teacher 主语 made 谓语(主动) us 宾语 sing a song 不带to的不定式 被动 We 原宾语（改主格） were made 谓语(被动) to sing a song 带to的不定式 by the teacher. 原主语(改宾格) 如: We often hear him read English in the room. →_______ ______ often _____ ____ _____ _______in the room. 注意：see sb. doing sth 变被动时，直接变化即可，不需要补to. （三）主动表被动：有些动词, 其主动语态形式含有被动意义。 1. 形容词worth后面加上动名词的主动形式表达被动含义。 (sth be worth doing某事/物值得一做) 例句：This novel is well worth reading. 这部小说很值得读。 2.在need, require等动词后往往用动名词的主动形式表达被动含义。 （sth need、require doing/to be done某事/物需要被做） 例句：This house needs repairing/to be repaired. 这座房子需要修理了。 3. 在too...to...结构中，不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。 例句：The plane is too high to see. 飞机飞得太高，都看不见了。 1. 当形容词easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, nice, dangerous, exciting, funny, heavy, important, good, interesting等后面接不定式作状语时，往往用主动形式表达被动含义。 例句：This text is easy to understand. 这篇课文容易理解。 They found the question difficult to answer. 他们发现这个问题很难回答。 5. 动词不定式作定语时，如果它的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语，则可以用主动表达被动含义。 例句：They have a lot of work to do . 他们有很多工作要做。 6. 系动词smell, taste, sound, feel，look, get, turn, seem等，用主动表被动。 The dish smells good. 这道菜闻起来很香。 The music sounds nice. 这段音乐听起来不错。 7. 一些不及物动词（wash, sell, write, clean, cook, draw, read, close, open, wear, catch等），常用 主动语态和well, easily ,smoothly 等副词连用，为突出主语的性质，用主动表被动。 This kind of books sells well. 这种书籍畅销。 The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写起来很顺滑。 （四）无被动的几种情况： 1. 某些不及物动词及短语, 没有被动语态, 常见的有rise, happen, succeed, take place, break out爆发, break down出故障,come true实现,run out用尽 等。 注：不及物动词不能直接加名词，需要借助介词，结构：不及物动词+介词+名词 但在不及物动词后面加上介词后, 就变成了及物的短语, 就可以变成被动句. 不过要特别注意短语动词中的 介词绝对不能丢失. 如: They can take good care of the children. →The children can be taken good care of. The doctor operated on the old man last week. → The old man ____ ____ _____last week 2. There be 句型，没有被动语态。 例句：There is a big tree in front of the house. 3. 主动句中的宾语是反身代词时，不能变成被动语态。 例句：He teaches himself. 小试牛刀 一、单项选择 ( )1. English _________ in many countries, but Chinese __________ their own languages. A. is spoken, speaks B. speaks, is spoken C. is spoken, speak D. is spoken, is spoken ( )2. —Did you go to Jim’s party? – No, I ___________. A. am not invited B. wasn’t invited C. haven’t invited D. didn’t invite ( )3. A talk on Chinese history __________ in the school hall next week. A. be given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give ( )4. Great changes ___________ in my hometown and a lot of factories ________. A. have been taken place, are being built B. have taken place, have been built C. are taken place , have built D. took place, will be built ( )5. So far, three films _______ in that small village this month. A. have shown B. have been shown C. were shown D. will be shown ( )6.To make our city more beautiful, rubbish(垃圾)________ into the river. A. needn’t be thrown B. mustn’t be thrown C. can’t throw D. may not throw ( )7.-- It has rained for nearly two weeks. Will it _________ long? -- No. It’s ___________ we’ll have a fine weekend. The sun will shine again. A. rain, report B. last, reported C. stop, reported D. lasted, report ( )8. I like my new bike. It ________ very well. A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has ridden ( )9. Today, the forests have almost disappeared. People must _______ down too many trees. A. stop to cut B. stop from cutting C. be stopped to cut D. be stopped from cutting ( ) 10. He was seen _________ a bank just now. A. to enter B. to enter into C. enter D. entering into ( )11.Mrs. Green wants to buy that kind of cloth(布) because she ______ that the cloth_____ very well. A. has been told, washes B. has told, washes C. has been told, is washed D. is told, is washed ( )12. You may go fishing if /until /when your work_______ . A is done B will be done C has done D have done 二、动词填空 1. Last Friday afternoon the young man _____________(hurt) in the traffic accident on the highway. 2. Food can’t _________________(keep) properly in a fridge at an unsuitable temperature. 3. The room _________________( use) as our kitchen in the future. 4. Usually, the thunder _______________(hear) after the lightning. 5. In the old days the working people in our country _______________(look) down on（歧视） 6. He watched the result of the test and then _____________(draw ) a conclusion. 7. An e-mail address ______________(need) when you want to send an e-mail. 8. On May 12, 2008, Sichuan __________(hit) by a strong earthquake and it destroyed many buildings. 9. Every day an old man can be seen _____________(clean) the street in the morning. 10. Bangkok, the capital of Thailand, _______________(know) as the “City of Angels”. 11. He is interested in reading. One third of his money _________________(spend) on books so far. 12. I really hope the meeting ________________(end ) in ten minutes. 3、 按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 1.Is rice grown in South China？（改为主动语态） _______ people _________ rice in South China？ 2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year．（同义句转换） A birthday present _______ _______ _______ _______by my parents every year． 3.The work is going to be finished in two days. (对划线提问) How_______ _______ the work going to be finished ? 4. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态) An English song ______ ______ _______ by the children. 5. You can’t do it now. (改为被动语态) It ______ ________ ________ by you now. 6. People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态) Metal ________ _________ _______making machines by people. 7. He made me clean the windows yesterday. (改为被动语态) I ______ ________ ________ ______ the windows by him yesterday. 8.They are watching the football match. The football match _______ _______ _______ by them. 9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? (改为被动语态) __________ a bridge ____________ here by them a year ago? 10.They have sold out the light green dresses. (改为被动语态) The light green dresses ________ _________ ___________ out. 11.We call the game “Lianliankan”. (改为被动语态) The game _______ ________ “Lianliankan” by us. 12. Tom’s computer needs repairing.（同义句转换） Tom’s computer needs _______ ________ ________ . 13. Lucy bought me a New Year Card last week. (改为被动语态) A New Year Card ________ _________ _________ me by her last week. 14.Did he break the window yesterday? (改为被动语态) ________ the window _________ _________ _________ yesterday? 四、完成句子 1. 必须采取措施阻止此类事故在我校发生。 Something _________________________this kind of accident ________________ in our school. 2. 老师要求我们保持教室的清洁和安静。 We by the teacher. 3. 昨天下午办公室里找不到人。 Nobody _________________________________yesterday afternoon. 4. 这本字典是不可以被带出图书馆的。 The dictionary_______________________________________. 5. 上课时让你站起来你再站。 Please _________ stand up in class ______________________________. 6. 这些孩子已经得到了很好的照料。 The children have______________________________________. 7. 有人告诉我他已动身去杭州了。 I ____________ that he ___________________________________. 8. 去年他被迫给他的老板一天工作十五个小时。 He ______________________________ for his boss 15 hours a day last year. 9. 没用的废料将被工人们倾倒到河里。 The useless waste _________________________________________ by the workers. 同步练习 一、根据句意和汉语提示写单词 1. We must cut our use of plastic, especially __________________(供一次使用的) plastic. 2. Jason is a clever boy. I think he can make a choice __________________(明智地). 3. Mushrooms break down __________________(土壤), which makes it possible for other plants to grow. 4. We all agree that the driver who drives after drinking wine should be __________________(惩罚). 5. We depend on natural __________________(资源) to live, so we should make good use of them. 6. When we burn fuels such as petrol and coal, a __________________(气体) called CO₂ is produced. 7. We are given a set of __________________(环保的) products, including reusable bags and bamboo cups. 8. After reading these __________________(海报), people are supposed to avoid buying things made of animals, such as ivory and shark fin. 9. Always recycle ______________(电池). One from the thrown-away phones can pollute 500 litres of water. 10. Alice is proud of her work. It not only saves ____________(海鸟) but also tells people to care for nature. 二、根据句意，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空 1. To reduce air __________________(pollute), we can walk or take public transport. 2. Cars must give way to walkers on some roads, or the drivers __________________(fine). 3. Tom is __________________(strict) with himself than before and he never stops learning every day. 4. With smart devices __________________(control) by AI, all the work can be done while you are asleep. 5. It is wasteful to throw away glass and paper, so every class collects them for __________________(recycle). 6. We __________________(separate) the papers into different groups. You don't need to check them again. 7. Every time you touch your eyes with __________________(clean) hands, you're putting bacteria (细菌) into the eye area. 8. Jane Eyre, an English classic, __________________(success) creates a brave and independent character. 三、从方框里选择合适的单词或短语，并用其正确形式填空 electronic; fuel; level; total; second-hand; cut down; fill with; deal with; go green; focus on 1. --How many __________________ does the game have? --Five. 2. The __________________ cost of the trip is about 4,000 yuan. 3. We should let more people realize the importance of __________________. 4. The dead trees should _______________________ on both sides of the street. 5. More and more people bought gasoline cars. More __________________ was needed. 6. I bought a __________________ guitar for 300 yuan. It’s almost new. 7. To my surprise, behind an old chair, I found a box __________________ my old toys. 8. Polluted water must ______________________ properly before we let it flow into the river. 9. Many students said it was hard _____________________ studying while taking online classes. 10. With the development of the _______________ industry, e-waste pollution has become a serious problem. 四、单项选择 ( )1. --Mum, can you help me open the bottle? --OK. Look! We can pour some hot water ______ the bottle cap, and now, it’s open! A. over B. in C. across D. from ( )2. --We should shut off the ______ when we don’t use it. --Yes. You're really a green person. A. battery B. resource C. operation D. electricity ( )3. Mr Fang is ______ known as an experienced doctor here, so he is busy treating his patients every day. A. highly B. wisely C. widely D. mostly ( )4. The old man ______ ever goes out, and he usually stays at home. A. often B. always C. still D. hardly ( )5. We are interested in the weather because it ______ us so directly－what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel. A. achieves B. aims C. affects D. agrees ( )6. --Don’t ______ him. He’s only two years old. --A kid is never too young to learn good manners. A. praise B. promise C. punish D. please ( )7. --How much should we pay for the fruit ______? --Fifty yuan. A. in fact B. in total C. in person D. in common ( )8. Some people waste too much water. They don’t believe that it can ______ some day. A. run out B. hand out C. be run out D. be handed out ( )9. --I think Lucy ______ her sister in many ways. --Yes, they are both outgoing and creative. A. is strict with B. is different from C. is similar to D. is friendly to ( )10. Which sentence should be put at the beginning of the paragraph? ______ Water and soil help provide us with necessary food and drinks. Coal, oil and natural gas are not only useful for families, but have wide use for factories. A. Our environment is changing for the worse. B. People depend on natural resources to live. C. People have many ways to protect the environment. D. Some natural resources will run out if we use them carelessly. 五、按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。 1. You should turn off the lights when you leave the room.(改为祈使句) ____________ ____________ the lights when you leave the room. 2. Air pollution does harm to our health.(改为同义句) Air pollution ____________ ____________ ____________ our health. 3. The new wetland park will be opened to the public next week. (改为一般疑问句) ____________ the new wetland park ____________ ____________ ____________ the public next week? 4. We should protect the environment for a greener world. (对画线部分提问) ____________ should we ____________ for a greener world? 5. The new factory will be built near the village.(改为否定句) The new factory ____________ ____________ ____________ near the village. 6. The government is going to build ten new solar power stations in the city.(改为被动语态) Ten new solar power stations ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ the government in the city. 六、任务型阅读 Raden works in a library in Germany. She has a project—lending books to children in exchange for waste they collect. Raden likes her job. Each weekday, Raden rides her three-wheeler (三轮车) with books at the back to the village. There, many children are waiting to exchange old cups, bags and other useless things for books. When she arrives, the children gather around her three-wheeler, the “Litter Library”, and the books fly out quickly. Raden collects about 100 kg of waste each week. She has more than 6,000 books to lend and plans to go to more places too. Raden’s project is a new way to make the kids read more. She is happy that it will take the kids more time to read books than to play online games as a result. She thinks that it can help build a culture of reading from a young age. The project is also a way to clean up the environment. It can help to deal with waste, to fight climate change and to make the earth safe. Kevin is a reader of the “Litter Library”. He’s 11 years old. He often looks for waste lying in the village. “When there is too much waste, our environment will become dirty. That’s why I look for waste to borrow a book,” he says. More and more people realize that it’s important for kids to read and protect the environment. That must be good news to Raden. Raden’s Project—the “Litter Library” Basic facts Raden works in a ______1______ in Germany. She lends books to kids in ______2______ for waste. Project development Every weekday, she rides her three-wheeler to the village. She ______3______ about 100 kg of waste each week. She has ______4______ 6,000 books and will visit more areas. Two main ______5______ To get kids to spend more time ______6______ instead of playing online games. To deal with waste, fight climate change and ______7______ our earth. Social influence More people know the ______8______ of reading for kids and protecting the environment. 9. What do children use to borrow books? (答案不超过 6 词) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Would you like to join this project? Why? (答案不限词数) _______________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 七、首字母填空 I am a plastic bottle. A week ago, I was on a supermarket shelf, the s______1______ as all my brothers and sisters—other bottles full of water. I felt really happy. Then a tall woman picked me up and put me in her basket. She took me home and put me in the f______2______. It was cold, but I soon made friends with the cans and other bottles in it. However, only a few hours later, the woman took me out of the fridge and d______3______ the water inside me. Then she threw me into a litter bin. I had n______4______ felt so empty and alone in my life. Early the next morning, a man took me out of the litter bin. He threw me and other rubbish into the back of a truck. There were so many awful smells. Then I was pushed together with the r______5______ of the rubbish. Soon I was completely flat (扁平的). I cannot b______6______ how thin I became. I slept for a while. When I woke up, I found m______7______ in a terrible place. Everything around me was ugly and had nasty smells. I felt afraid. I kept h______8______ that I would be moved somewhere else. Then huge trucks came and covered us with a lot of soil. I asked another bottle w______9______ would happen to us. He said that we would never leave this crowded place, but would stay here for t______10______ of years. “Why can’t they reuse or recycle us?” I cried. 课后作业 一、单项选择 ( )1.We should become more aware _______ the importance of protecting the environment. A. of B. with C. at D. in ( )2. —Which should we start with, Water World or Space World? —Either is OK. It makes no _______ to me. A. choice B. mistake C. decision D. difference ( )3. Scientists are trying hard to find out the _______ of the strange illness and help more sick people. A. cause B. way C. reason D. excuse ( )4. More and more people prefer to buy _______ products to protect the environment and live a green life. A. comfortable B. eco-friendly C. expensive D. fashionable ( )5. —How was your trip to the British Museum? —I could _______ speak English and was completely silent during the visit. A. usually B. clearly C. hardly D. perfectly ( )6. —What should we do to live a green life? —We can _______ used things instead of throwing them away. A. pollute B. recycle C. lose D. burn ( )7. It is important for teenagers to learn to _______ their feelings when they are in trouble or under stress. A. offer B. control C. afford D. notice ( )8. —How long will it take to finish the work? —It _______ how many people help us. More people mean faster speed. A. looks for B. carries on C. waits for D. depends on ( )9. Before you go camping in the mountains, make sure that your food won’t _______ during the trip. A. run out B. get out C. put out D. give out ( )10. —I don’t understand why my parents are so _______ me. They don’t allow me to go out at night. —They just worry about your safety. A. afraid of B. proud of C. strict with D. patient with ( )11. Tom’s parents were busy yesterday because there were 30 children _______ at Tom’s birthday party. A. in time B. in short C. in practice D. in total ( )12. —Why do you keep planting trees and cleaning the park? —It’s all about _______ our environment better and greener. A. make B. making C. makes D. made ( )13. It is said that a fashion show _______ in our city next Saturday. A. is held B. will hold C. will be held D. is going to hold ( )14. —Can Mr King spare some time for the meeting? —If he _______, he’ll try his best to make it. A. invites B. invited C. is invited D. will be invited ( )15. —Using solar power helps make our air cleaner. —_______. It also costs little. A. You said it B. You’re welcome C. It doesn’t matter D. Feel free to call us 二、完形填空 In Jintang, China, Liu Xiangqing has raised cows all his life. Last June, something ___1___ happened. Normally, his cows would be eating grass at 6:00 a.m., but one morning they were ___2___ out in the bushes. Liu counted them and found that a 2-year-old cow was missing. Later, the cow was found ___3___. There was a large wound on its neck. Liu knew at once: a Siberian tiger did this. The Siberian tigers are coming back! They were once believed to nearly ___4___ in China. But now, they can be seen more often. For ten years, China has taken action to protect forests and stop people from hunting wild animals. This is helping the tigers’ ___5___. Siberian tigers are difficult to spot. They ___6___ when humans come near. Villagers know that they are ___7___ when they see paw prints or find farm animals missing or attacked. There are fewer Siberian tigers living in the wild than in zoos. The Chinese government has counted between 18 and 22 tigers in the wild, but experts believe the number could reach 40 now — twice ___8___ ten years ago. In the past, some people in China bought tigers’ body parts for traditional medicine. But now, it is ___9___ the law. Moreover, in Jilin Province, a large reserve has been set up, and deer have been let out to ___10___ tigers and other endangered animals. With continued protection, the number of Siberian tigers in China may keep growing. ( )1. A. unusual B. wrong C. dangerous D. interesting ( )2. A. run B. put C. fallen D. spread ( )3. A. sick B. dead C. broken D. damaged ( )4. A. die B. reduce C. survive D. disappear ( )5. A. result B. health C. return D. success ( )6. A. stay B. wait C. hide D. sleep ( )7. A. alone B. around C. asleep D. alive ( )8. A. as many as B. higher than C. as much as D. better than ( )9. A. with B. under C. on D. against ( )10. A. feed B. catch C. follow D. prevent 三、阅读理解 A McDonald’s is taking a big step to help the environment. Recently, the company announced (宣布) that some of its restaurants in the USA would stop using plastic straws (吸管). Instead, they would test other kinds of straws. Environmental groups have long asked McDonald’s to make this change. Plastic straws are harmful because they can only be used once. They do not break down easily in landfills, and they often end up in the sea or on beaches. In fact, people do not really need straws to drink, and paper straws work just as well. Francesca DeBiase, a leader at McDonald’s, said that the company wanted to set a good example. It hoped that other fast-food restaurants would also stop using plastic straws. McDonald’s has already started using paper straws in Belgium; Later, it will test them in France, Sweden and Norway. In Malaysia, straws are given only if customers ask for them. McDonald’s is not the only company taking action. Royal Caribbean, a large cruise ship (游轮) company, has promised to stop using plastic straws. So has Alaska Airlines. Eric Goldstein is a lawyer for the Natural Resources Defense Council, an environmental group. He said that McDonald’s is a huge company. So, the decision to stop using plastic straws is an important step. It shows that people are worried about the influence of plastic straws worldwide. “It’s also a symbolic one,” Goldstein added. “You could say McDonald’s should have done it earlier, but it’s certainly better late than never.” ( )1. What change did McDonald’s announce? A. It would close some restaurants. B. It would reduce the price of its drinks. C. It would test different types of straws. C. It would stop offering straws in the USA. ( )2. According to Francesca DeBiase, what did McDonald’s hope to do? A. Attract more customers. B. Sell its new types of straws. C. Be a model for other companies. D. Ask the government for new laws. ( )3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Paper straws work as well as plastic ones. B. Customers in Malaysia must pay for straws. C. Royal Caribbean no longer uses plastic straws. D. McDonald’s began using paper straws in France. ( )4. What does Eric Goldstein think of McDonald’s decision? A. It is too late to make any difference. B. It shows people’s worry about plastic straws. C. It’s a sign that McDonald’s is a big company. D. It is an important step against water pollution. ( )5. What is the best title for the passage? A. How Francesca DeBiase leads McDonald’s C. McDonald’s new plan for customers C. How McDonald’s makes paper straws D. The effort of McDonald’s to reduce plastic B Once there was a boy who wished to help the planet. So, his father gave him a task, “Go and study pollution on earth. It can be anything harmful to the land, water or air. It can be solid, liquid or gas. Bring back a report.” First, the boy studied solid pollution. Looking around, he saw plastic everywhere. “Plastic doesn’t break down naturally like wood or paper. Can it be reused instead of being thrown away?” the boy thought. Just then, he saw people in many places recycling plastic. They turned it into new things like shopping bags and park benches. “What a great idea!” he thought. Next, the boy studied water pollution. He found that chemicals were poured into water. These chemicals made many plants grow in lakes or oceans, which used up oxygen and killed fish. “What could be done?” he wondered. They were using less chemicals, cleaning up oil spills (泄漏) and reusing farm waste to produce energy. “What great ideas!” thought the boy. The last was air pollution. It was hard to control because gas spread in the air. It hadn’t been gas but the boy found many things that put harmful gases into the air: factories, coal-burning power plants, rubbish burning and even cars. “Wow! What can be done?” he wondered. Again, the boy saw people taking buses, riding bikes or walking. They were putting filters on factory pipes. Some made power by using the sun, wind, water and even rubbish. “People can be very clever,” he thought. Finally, the boy returned with his report. “What else can I do for the earth?” he asked. “Give them just a few words to remember and share,” said his father. The boy thought about all he had seen. He realized that no matter the form, pollution affected one shared home — the earth. Suddenly, he got it! “________,” he said. Did it make a difference? Pass it along and see what you think. ( )6. What does the underlined word “solid” mean in Paragraph 1? A. Something spread in the air. B. Something hard that can be seen. C. Something soft and easy to change. D. Something flows that can be poured. ( )7. What did people do with plastic waste in many places? A. They sold it to others. B. They burned it for energy. C. They hid it in the ground. D. They made new things from it. ( )8. What happened when too many plants grew in water? A. They cleaned up oil spills from water. B.They made the air dangerous to breathe. C. They produced harmful chemicals in lakes. D. They used up oxygen and caused the death of fish. ( )9. Which shows the right order of the story? ① The boy came up with the words. ② People were putting filters on factory pipes. ③ The boy studied solid pollution and found plastic. ④ People were reusing farm waste to produce energy. A. ②④③① B. ②①④③ C. ③④②① D. ③②④① ( )10. Which of the following is the most suitable for “________” in the last paragraph? A. Only one planet! B. Save more energy! C. Share the clean air! D. Keep our oceans clean! 四、词汇 （A）根据所给中文提示或首字母提示，写出句中所缺单词。 1. Some big _______________(卡车) are used to move heavy machines and tools on farms. 2. _______________(电子的) books are convenient and help us get knowledge quickly at home. 3. The car is running out of _______________(燃料). Luckily, there is a gas station not far ahead. 4. The road was covered with _______________(化学物质) after the lorry overturned. 5. Look! It’s raining heavily. The water is _______________(倾倒) down the street now. 6. A zero-waste lifestyle _______________(几乎不) creates any rubbish. 7. My mum often buys __________(二手的) books online because they are cheaper and still in good condition. 8. All the schools in our city have _______________(严格的) rules against using mobile phones in class. 9. The _______________(总的) number of books in the library reached over five thousand. 10. The police will _______________(对…… 处以罚款) anyone for speeding on the main street. （B）根据句意，用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Don’t eat the strawberries. They are _______________(clean). Let me wash them for you. 2. If we spend money _______________(wise), we can save more for our future study and dreams. 3. Good time _______________(manage) helps us finish homework quickly and have more free time. 4. They _______________(success) finished the group project and got high marks from the teacher. 5. We should not drink from _______________(clean) water sources. 6. Litter should not _______________(throw) everywhere; we should put it in dustbins. 7. Breathing _______________(pollute) air can be harmful to our health. 8. My grandma’s old cup _______________(break) because of the sudden shake of the earthquake last month. 9. Taizhou and Changzhou _______________(separate) by the Yangtze River. 10. The kindest animal lover in our city will _______________(vote) by citizens in the coming competition. C.选词填空，其中有一项为干扰项。 separate into; cut down; depend on; make a difference; run out; clean up 1. Let us _________ the broken glass before someone walks on it, for it’s too dangerous. 2.The chances _________ your work experiences and what you have learnt before. 3.She told the teenagers how they could __________ to the world when they grow up in yesterday’s talk. 4. When we collect the waste, they should ___________ different groups for the later recycling. 5. As we continue to destroy our environment, this type of energy will ______________. 五、翻译句子，每空一词 1. 你可以通过缩短淋浴时间来节约水。 You can save water by ____________ __________ ____________. 2. 一些学生捡垃圾，一些种树，还有一些告诉人们要保护环境。 ____________ students pick up rubbish, ____________ plant trees, ____________ ____________ tell people to protect the environment. 3. 如果每个人拒绝一次性塑料袋，我们会减少垃圾，节约更多资源。 If everyone ________ ______ _______ ________________ plastic bags, we will produce less rubbish and save more resources. 4. 如果我们一起努力，就能在保护环境方面开个好头。 If we work hard together, we will ____________ ______ ____________ ____________ in protecting our environment. 5. 循环利用是帮助减少污染的好方法。 Recycling is a good way ______ ____________ ____________. 6. 当人们违反这些规则时，他们将会受到惩罚。 When people ____________ ____________ ____________, they ____________ _____ ____________. 7. 我们可以把旧衣服或旧书捐赠给慈善机构，也可以在二手店购物。 We can ____________ _______ ____________ _______ ____________ to charities and shop ______ ____________ ____________. 8. 如果我们遵循这些简单的步骤，我们可以做出很大的改变，享受一个更绿色的世界！ If we all ____________ ____________ ____________ __________, we can ____________ _______ ____________ ______________ and enjoy a greener world! 六、任务型阅读 It might be strange to wear clothes made from plastic bottles. But in fact, clothing company JUMA is making clothes like these. Recently, JUMA showed its newest collection at a workshop in Shanghai. Eighteen clothing items (服饰单品) from the collection, including jumpsuits (连体裤), jackets, shirts and dresses, were made from plastic bottles. “We realized that billions of water bottles were being thrown into landfills (垃圾填埋场) and oceans every year and that these bottles take hundreds of years to decompose (分解). We thought we should use them to create our clothes and help the environment,” said Alia Juma, the company’s design director. The process is very simple. First, the plastic bottles are washed and cut into small pieces. Then they are melted (熔化) and shaped into small balls. After that, the balls are melted again. In this way, people can get thread (线). According to Juma, making 1 ton of thread needs 67,000 bottles. This reduces carbon emissions (碳排放) by 4.2 tons and water use by 6.2 tons compared with the normal way of making thread. That’s why the new way of making thread is environmentally friendly. “Four bottles can make one pillowcase (枕套). Five bottles can make a shirt, ten a dress and twenty a short coat,” Juma said. Some people might have doubts about wearing something made out of plastic bottles. But according to a website called Causeartist, clothes made from plastics could be even softer and lighter than those from nylon (尼龙) and polyester (聚酯纤维). It seems that clothes made from plastics may lead to a greener and better future of fashion industry. Plastic clothes—a green future of fashion industry What Different clothing items can be made ____1____ plastic bottles, such as jumpsuits, jackets, shirts and dresses. Why *People ____2____ away billions of water bottles every year. *These water bottles take ____3____ to decompose. *People need to come up with ____4____ to help the environment. ____5____ *Make the plastic bottles ____6____ and cut them into small pieces. *Melt them and shape them into small ____7____ . *Melt the balls to get thread. Details *67,000 plastic bottles can be ____8____ into 1 ton of thread. *Four bottles can make one pillowcase. *Five bottles can make a shirt, ten a dress and twenty a short coat. Advantages *This process is environmentally ____9____ and can reduce carbon emissions and save water. *Clothes made from plastics are softer and ____10____ than those from nylon and polyester. 七、首字母填空 Imagine a place where nothing ends up in the rubbish bin. Everything can be reused and recycled. However, the real world is the o____1____. A recent report shows that only 7.2% of all used materials are recycled. Fortunately, a company in Milan named Krill Design decided to solve the problem. Set up in 2018, the company has made plenty of useful items. Its designs i____2____ chairs, clocks, bowls, lamps and some other furniture. But what makes these items s____3____ is that they are made from a kind of plastic-like material—Rekrill. It is fully biodegradable (可生物降解的) and can be u____4____ over and over again. “After years, you have to c____5____ your furniture anyway,” says Marco, a worker at Krill Design. “But if your furniture is made from Rekrill, we will be able to recycle it and reuse the material. If our material ends up in the sea by mistake, it doesn’t p____6____ any waste.” To make every item, four s____7____ are needed. First, the food waste like fruit peel (皮) is dried and made into powder (粉末). Then the powder is mixed with a material known as PHB. Next, the mixed material is turned i____8____ Rekrill. At last, it is put into a 3D printer to print items. Printing time can be different d____9____ on the item. The lamp, for example, takes about three hours to print. “Our material produces no waste, but it costs probably six times more than plastics,” Marco says. “It is also very difficult to make the material, so we understand w____10____ many companies aren’t doing it.” He expects Rekrill to be widely used in a few years. 八、书面表达 同步练习答案 一、单词拼写 1. single-use 2. wisely 3. soil 4. punished 5. resources 6. gas 7. environmentally-friendly 8. posters 9. batteries 10. seabirds 二、词形填空 1. pollution 2. will be fined 3. stricter 4. controlled 5. recycling 6. have separated 7. unclean 8. successfully 三、选词填空 1. levels 2. total 3. going green 4. be cut down 5. fuel 6. second-hand 7. filled with 8. be dealt with 9. to focus on 10. electronic 四、单选 1-5：ADCDC 6-10：CBACB 五、句型转换 1. Turn off 2. is harmful to 3. Will; be opened to 4. What; do 5. won’t be built 6. are going to be built by 六、任务型阅读 1. library 2. exchange 3. collects 4. over 5. purposes 6. reading 7. protect 8. importance 9. Waste they collect. 10. 示例：Yes. It helps kids read and protect environment. 七、首字母填空 1. same 2. fridge 3. drank 4. never 5. rest 6. believe 7. myself 8. hoping 9. what 10. thousands 课后作业答案 一、单项选择（1×15=15 分） 1-5：ADABC 6-10：BBDAC 11-15：DBCCA 二、完形填空（1×10=10 分） 1-5：ADBDC 6-10：CBADA 三、阅读理解（1.5×10=15 分） A：1-5：CCABD B：6-10：BDDCA 四、词汇（1×20=20 分） (A) 中文 / 首字母写单词 1. trucks 2. Electronic 3. fuel 4. chemicals 5. pouring 6. hardly 7. second-hand 8. strict 9. total 10. fine (B) 词形变换 1. unclean 2. wisely 3. management 4. successfully 5. unclean 6. be thrown 7. polluted 8. was broken 9. are separated 10. be voted (C)选词填空 Clean up ; depend on; make a difference ; separate into ; run out 五、完成句子（每空 0.5 分，共 20 分） 1. taking shorter showers 2. Some; some; and others 3. says no to single-use 4. make a good start 5. to reduce pollution 6. break the rules; will be punished 7. donate old clothes or books; at second-hand shops 8. follow these simple steps; make a big difference 六、任务型阅读（1×10=10 分） 1. from 2. throw 3. centuries 4. ways/solutions 5. Process 6. washed 7.balls 8. made/turned 9. friendly 10. lighter 七、首字母填空（1×10=10 分） 1. opposite 2. include 3. special 4. used 5. change 6. produce 7. steps 8. into 9. depending 10. why 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $