精品解析：天津市第四十七中学2025-2026学年第二学期高三考前预测英语试卷

天津市第四十七中学 2025—2026 第二学期高三年级 高考模拟英语试卷 第 I 卷（共三部分；满分95分） 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 1. — Do you mind if I take my brother to the party tonight? — ______. He is too young to attend it. A. Of course you can B. I’d rather you didn’t C. It’s my pleasure D. It couldn’t be better 2. As neither side would ______, the peace talks ended with no agreement last Friday. A. give up B. give in C. give out D. give away 3. ______ we are short of funds at present, we will continue with the project to help the children in poor areas. A. Since B. Once C. If D. Though 4. Many people are strongly against the use of cloning. ______, many insist its advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. A. In consequence B. In addition C. By contrast D. In conclusion 5. Professor Yang was ______ with his students’ performance at the science fair. He said that their efforts finally paid off. A. associated B. consistent C. familiar D. content 6. When Robert was at university, he ______ lots of social experience by taking an active part in club activities, which provided the foundation for his career development. A. accumulated B. accelerated C. acknowledged D. accomplished 7. — Jim, ______, but your music is too loud. I can’t focus on my homework. — Oh, I’m so sorry. I’ll turn it down. A. I hate to say it B. I’m kidding C. I’m sorry to hear that D. I’d love to 8. Bruce, an exchange student in my class, ______ his study here the other day and is returning to his homeland. A. has finished B. finished C. had finished D. would finish 9. The girl who sold flowers in the street came across two gentlemen, one of ______ helped her with her English and made her become a graceful lady. A. which B. where C. whom D. that 10. The passengers had been waiting for almost two hours at the airport, only ______ by the airline staff that their flight was cancelled because of the bad weather. A. telling B. told C. to be told D. having been told 11. It had never hit Helen ______ it was very difficult to begin a new life in a strange city before she went abroad. A. what B. when C. how D. that 12. The ________ of the local government in promoting renewable energy has set a positive example for other regions. A. initiative B. discussion C. expectation D. judgement 13. In the last few years, thousands of films ________ all over the world. A. have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced 14. Smoking isn’t allowed here. If you ________ smoke, go to the smoking area please. A. can B. may C. must D. should 15. When the boss came all of a sudden, Jack stood there embarrassedly, ______ whether to put out the cigarette or not. A. wondered B. to wonder C. wondering D. wonder 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16-35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Poorna Malavath and Kavya Manyapu are two women who have made exploring the world’s most difficult mountains with their passion. They have now channeled their spirit of ____16____ into Project Shakthi. The purpose of Project Shakthi is to change mindsets about what women can ____17____ and to promote stories that can serve as ____18____. Malavath and Manyapu are determined not only to ____19____ money for education but also to empower (赋权) girls by exposing them to opportunities that would otherwise remain ____20____. Their ____21____ began in August when they climbed a 6,012m peak in Ladakh, India, which had never been mapped by humans before. The mountain presented challenges for even a fully ____22____ mountaineer like Malavath, with no trails to ____23____. Rainy weather conditions that turned to snow at high altitudes added to the ____24____ of climbing the peak. At their darkest moments, they found ____25____ in Shakthi’s aim: “We climb so that girls can ____26____.” Malavath and Manyapu believe that while women are now seen in various fields, there is still a wide gap to ____27____. Enrollment rates (入学率) are almost ____28____ between genders across the world; ____29____, only 36% of girls complete lower secondary school compared to 44% of boys in low-income countries. To ____30____ this global issue, Project Shakthi has set its sights on ____31____ the beneficial groups. Manyapu and Malavath plan to climb Mount Aconcagua as part of their next phase. They invite people interested in climbing to ____32____ them. The project has already begun selecting girls in India. ____33____, the project aims to sponsor girls across the globe. Malavath and Manyapu continue their ____34____ so that girls can have an education. The two inspiring women are making a difference in the world and ____35____ others to do the same. 16. A. freedom B. competition C. tolerance D. adventure 17. A. encounter B. participate C. accomplish D. involve 18. A. lessons B. models C. warnings D. presents 19. A. save B. donate C. raise D. lend 20. A. inaccessible B. favorable C. avoidable D. unlimited 21. A. separation B. performance C. journey D. interview 22. A. selfless B. experienced C. thoughtful D. respectable 23. A. follow B. escape C. design D. miss 24. A. popularity B. curiosity C. enjoyment D. complexity 25. A. motivation B. opportunity C. excuse D. understanding 26. A. travel B. benefit C. survive D. volunteer 27. A. bridge B. create C. identify D. enlarge 28. A. steady B. normal C. obvious D. equal 29. A. otherwise B. however C. therefore D. moreover 30. A. ensure B. conserve C. tackle D. investigate 31. A. broadening B. discovering C. transforming D. securing 32. A. impress B. join C. judge D. challenge 33. A. Secretly B. Eventually C. Temporarily D. Luckily 34. A. experiment B. search C. mission D. preparation 35. A. forbidding B. permitting C. instructing D. stimulating 第二部分：阅读理解（共20个小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Recreational Vehicle Trips in National Parks Trip 1: Zion, Bryce Canyon, Arches, Canyonlands & Capitol Reef Visit the five national parks in Utah. Activities include going boating on the Colorado River, and hiking Angels Landing for an impressive view of Zion Canyon. One special thing is guaranteed: you’ll see the Milky Way, the pale white band of stars across the sky at night, like never before in this beautiful area of the country. Available: Apr. 1 to Oct. 23 Duration: 8 to 13 nights Price (for a group of 4 guests): $4,990—9,840 Trip 2: Banff & Jasper Travel along the Icefields Parkway which connects the parks and towns of Banff in Alberta, Canada, Lake Louise, and Jasper Lake. Book a ride in a big snowcoach (雪车) onto the Athabasca Glacier, and take a flight-seeing tour over the huge icefields that cover the area of the Rocky Mountains. Available: Jun. 15 to Sept. 15 Duration: 8 to 13 nights Price (for a group of 4 guests): $5,260—6,080 Trip 3: Mount Rushmore & Colorado This trip is perfect for anyone interested in America’s history, from forts (堡垒) to huge rock carvings of historical figures. Starting in Denver, your journey will take you through Colorado and into Wyoming. Available: Feb. 1 to Oct. 10 Duration: 8 to 13 nights Price (for a group of 4 guests): $5,124—7,880 Trip 4: Yosemite, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Start your journey in the Bay Area and then head east to Yosemite with its impressive waterfalls and towering cliffs (悬崖). Combine your visit to Yosemite with stops at Sequoia National Park to see the five largest sequoia trees in the world, and Kings Canyon. Available: May 19 to Oct. 8 Duration: 8 to 13 nights Price (for a group of 4 guests): $5,224—9,540 36. What’s special about Utah’s five national parks? A. The presentation of America’s history. B. The impressive waterfalls. C. The beautiful starry sky. D. The adventurous activities. 37. What can tourists do in Banff & Jasper? A. Swim in Lake Louise. B. Hike the Rocky Mountains. C. Appreciate unique rock carvings. D. Take a snowcoach to the Athabasca Glacier. 38. Which of the following trips will be suitable for tourists available in March? A. Banff & Jasper. B. Mount Rushmore & Colorado. C. Yosemite, Sequoia & Kings Canyon. D. Zion, Bryce Canyon, Arches, Canyonlands & Capitol Reef. 39. How much would a group of 8 tourists pay for the fourth trip? A. At least $9,980. B. At most $12,160. C. At least $10,448 D. At most $15,760. 40. In which aspect do the four vehicle trips have something in common? A. The location in national parks. B. The nights included in the trip. C. The tourist activities. D. The target groups of tourists. B I had no idea it was possible to sweat so heavily without engaging in any physical activity. I wasn’t standing at the open door of a plane thousands of feet in the air, ready to jump out into the wild, blue sky. Rather, I was simply sitting on my bed, wearing my most comfortable clothes, and waiting to hit the “Enter classroom” button on my computer. I had signed up for an online language lesson with a Portuguese language tutor. For the past few months, I had been studying the language and I knew video chat was the next best option. As I clicked the button, a friendly face popped up on the screen in front of me. At that moment, my mind froze. Feeling my nervousness, my tutor said something I still remember today, “Learning a new language is like showing your weakness to the world. It can be uncomfortable.” The ice was officially broken. As I’ve progressed along on my language journey, I often think back to her insight. She is right. We take as a given the power to express ourselves freely, and when that power is taken away, we are brought to a place of weakness. Yet if we keep pushing forward despite this weakness, we will unlock a wealth of valuable gains. My three-year-old son has big feelings but has insufficient vocabulary to properly express himself. When I started learning Portuguese, I realized how difficult it must be for him to be understood in the adult world around him. I’m a better parent now. When my husband and I finally visited Portugal and ordered food in Portuguese at a small shop, the server thanked us for taking time to learn their language. Learning Portuguese taught me that attempting to learn someone else’s language shows respect not only for their homeland but for the people themselves. Taking on the challenge of Portuguese has also awakened a fire within me. If you had told me a year ago that I would be taking a writing course, competing in competitions at my gym, or learning about car maintenance, I truly wouldn’t have believed it. Now I deeply believe that challenging yourself can be rewarding in ways you will never know unless you attempt it. 41. What does the author mean by “the ice was officially broken” in Paragraph 2? A. Her tutor ended the online lesson immediately. B. She was determined to quit the language lesson. C. The video connection was stable in the end. D. She stopped feeling nervous and started to open up. 42. Hearing the tutor’s words, the author felt ______. A. shocked B. relieved C. concerned D. defensive 43. What can be inferred from the author’s experience with her three-year-old son? A. Learning a second language helps adults understand children’s struggles. B. Children have a better ability to learn languages than adults anytime and anywhere. C. Parents should not force their children to express themselves. D. Portuguese is especially difficult for parents to learn in real life. 44. Why does the author mention the server’s thanks in Portugal? A. To show that Portuguese people are very friendly to tourists. B. To argue that ordering food is the most useful language skill. C. To illustrate that learning someone’s language shows respect. D. To prove that her Portuguese pronunciation was perfect. 45. What message does the author seem to convey to the readers? A. It is never too late to learn something new. B. Leaving the comfort zone offers new visions of life. C. Taking on challenges may bring perfection. D. Language learning helps clear up misunderstandings. C Scientists are studying fossils (化石) of a large meat-eating dinosaur that they describe as interesting, both in life and in death. The dinosaur probably lived and hunted 198 million years ago in what is now northern Italy. The fossils were discovered in 1996 near the village of Saltrio, in Italy’s northern Lombardy area. They were found in an area where miners cut rock to use for building. This led to a long, struggling process of removing the creature’s remains from the surrounding rock. The scientists reported that the dinosaur, called Saltriovenator, weighed at least one ton and was 7.5 meters long. This means that during the period when it lived, Saltriovenator was the largest-known meat-eating dinosaur that had ever existed, making it quite unusual throughout the Age of Dinosaurs. After dying, Saltriovenator somehow floated into the sea and sank to the bottom. There the remains provided meals for numerous sea creatures before fossilizing. The bones show marks likely left by attacking sharks and fish: They also show signs of feeding by smaller creatures. And there are small holes in the bones apparently left by even smaller marine worms. In scientific writings, there are reports of some dinosaur bones being attacked on land by other animals and, more rarely, insects. At least three kinds of marine animals left those traces on the bones of Saltriovenator. Saltriovenator is the second dinosaur of its kind ever found in Italy. It’s a transitional (过渡期的) dinosaur, synthesizing the qualities of early meat-eating dinosaurs with those of more developed ones. And the name Saltriovenator means “hunter from Saltrio”. The creature walked on two legs. Each hand had four fingers, three of which possessed claws. Its head was about 80 centimeters long, while its mouth had sharp teeth. The creature was about 24 years old at the time of death, and had still not fully grown. It lived in a coastal environment and likely hunted plant-eating dinosaurs and possibly smaller meat-eating dinosaurs. 46. What can we infer from Paragraph 1? A. Italy used to be a place heavily populated by ancient dinosaurs. B. The fossils of the dinosaur were found 198 million years ago. C. Miners had taken great pains to find some fossils around Italy. D. The digging process of those fossils was really hard work. 47. The dinosaur Saltriovenator is special mainly in ______. A. the times it lived B. the large size it had C. the difficulty it suffered D. the food it lived on 48. What happened to Saltriovenator after its death? A. It floated to the shore. B. It was eaten by various sea creatures. C. It turned into fossils in the rocks. D. It’s attacked by other meat-eating dinosaurs. 49. What does the underlined word “synthesizing” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Comparing B. Maintaining. C. Combining. D. Assessing. 50. What do we know about Saltriovenator from the last paragraph? A. It was still young at death. B. It has very long teeth. C. All its fingers have claws. D. It fed on both plants and animals. D What do social climbers and gossipers (爱说闲话的人) have in common? My mother believes that both are morally suspect, a lesson we readily pass on to our children: avoid the cheater and the whisperer. But stories simplify reality. The most effective social climbers and gossipers possess a remarkable grasp of social structure to navigate their social worlds. This skill isn’t a moral failing; it’s a cognitive (认知的) skill. Recent work from my laboratory shows that cognitive maps — mental representations of the social world — shape our critical social skills. Social success depends not just on whom you know but also on how well you understand the invisible architecture of your social world. Mapping this is no small task, as social networks are large and dynamic. Yet building such cognitive maps offers great advantages. To better understand social navigation, my collaborator and I developed studies to investigate how people build cognitive maps. Across a year we tracked about 200 freshmen’s friendships and asked them to report their understanding of others’ connections. In one study, we discovered that those who rise to the top of the social structure aren’t the most charming or outgoing — they’re the best social mapmakers. The most influential people quickly build mental maps of their peers’ connection; those initially influential but without accurate mental maps of the network did not stay influential for long. In a second paper, we examined whether mapmaking aids gossiping — a behavior that, despite its poor reputation, can be an efficient way to quickly learn about the ins and outs of the community. To understand how humans pull off this remarkable task, we wondered whether mapmaking helps predict where information will spread. Mental maps become quite useful in this case, as they reveal two key network features: someone’s popularity and their distance from the gossip target. They help find a good friend — someone far enough from the target yet well-connected to spread information. How does the brain build these maps? In one of our recent studies, we discovered that the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex — a neural (神经的) center known for navigating physical space — also carries a map of connections among people. The more strongly these maps are rooted in the brain, the better we are at brokering community ties. If the brain needs to quickly figure out where gossip might spread, knowing where the popular people are positioned or the key relationships that bridge the otherwise disconnected communities allows us to chart the sequence of ties that can efficiently cross the network. Strategic wayfinding isn’t only for physical space. It is just as necessary to be able to effectively move through our social landscapes. Armed with a deliberately unclear map of their social community, skilled social navigators can do what no GPS can. They see the bridges before they’re built, avoid the storms of gossip, and map out a course to common ground. 51. As for his mother’s belief, the author is ________. A. unconcerned B. supportive C. puzzled D. disapproving 52. What does the author suggest about the ability to navigate social worlds? A. It is a cognitive skill. B. It relies on being charming. C. It is primarily a moral issue. D. It requires physical fitness. 53. According to the passage, social cognitive maps can help ________. A. control the wide spread of gossip storms B. memorize others’ connections in social groups C. gain long-lasting social influence among peers D. choose well-connected people as gossip targets 54. What does the underlined word “brokering” in Paragraph 7 probably mean? A. Breaking. B. Experiencing. C. Managing. D. Recording. 55. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Navigating Our Social Worlds B. How to Interpret Social Skills C. What Lies Behind People’s Social Behaviors D. Brain Structures Shaping Social Relationships 第II卷（共35分） 第三部分：写作 第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） My presentation was horrible. I knew it before I heard “we’ll be in touch” from the client. I wouldn’t look my boss in the eye and the rest of my day was spent in relative silence. Finally, I left my office and walked home. Around the building near my home, I found some kids were noisily shooting water at each other using water guns. I was annoyed, thinking, “Don’t wet me!” When seeing me in my suit and my mean look, they stopped the water fight and got quiet. Then I noticed a five-year-old kid with a water gun eyeing me a little harder than the others. I eyed him back. Then his brother nodded to him like he was saying, “I dare you.” My eyes tightened a little further as I communicated my own “I dare you” to the five-year-old kid. Then he darted (瞥) a look at me, planning his escape route through the alley, and immediately I knew I was going to get wet. And he got me before he ran toward his exit. Right away I headed toward the alley to preclude his escape. But as I took my first step, his brother, the instigator (唆使者), threw me one of his water guns. I caught it and without much thinking, I shot water at him. He shot back but his shooter was no match for mine. So he turned his water gun on a few other little kids after that. Then, somehow I also turned my water gun on these kids and before long we were in an all-out water fight. Soon, there were water balloons dropping from upstairs windows and the whole block seemed to be involved — adults and kids. Needless to say, I was totally wet and laughing like I had never laughed before. It was the five-year-old kid who brought out the kid in me and helped me realize that you may not be able to control your disappointment but you can still let the joy in. 56. Why did the author spend the rest of his day in relative silence? (no more than 10 words) _________________________________________________ 57. How did the brother respond to the 5-year-old kid’s intention? (no more than 10 words) _________________________________________________ 58. What does the underlined mean in paragraph 4? (no more than 1 words) _________________________________________________ 59. What made the author laugh a lot? (no more than 10 words) _________________________________________________ 60. How do you think you can live a joyful life according to the story? (no more than 20 words) _________________________________________________ 第二节 书面表达（满分25分） 61. 假设你是晨光中学的李津。为配合学校的“安全教育月”活动，你校英语社团的微信公众号开展以“Stay Alert Against Fraud”为题的征文活动，号召同学们提高防诈骗意识，守护自身安全。现请你投稿，文章内容应包括： （1）简述学生易遭遇的诈骗现象（如网络游戏交易诈骗、暑期兼职招工诈骗等）； （2）给出防范诈骗的合理建议（如保护个人隐私、核实信息真伪等）； （3）发出倡议，提醒大家守护个人与家庭安全，远离各类骗局等。 注意： （1）词数不少于100； （2）可适当增加细节，使行文连贯； （3）内容充实、行文连贯； （4）题目已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇： 网络诈骗 cyber fraud 暑期兼职 summer part-time job 个人隐私 personal privacy 提高警惕 stay alert 报警 report to the police Stay Alert Against Fraud ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 天津市第四十七中学 2025—2026 第二学期高三年级 高考模拟英语试卷 第 I 卷（共三部分；满分95分） 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 1. — Do you mind if I take my brother to the party tonight? — ______. He is too young to attend it. A. Of course you can B. I’d rather you didn’t C. It’s my pleasure D. It couldn’t be better 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——你介意我今晚带我弟弟去参加聚会吗？——我宁愿你不带。他太小了，不能参加。A. Of course you can当然你可以；B. I’d rather you didn’t我宁愿你不做；C. It’s my pleasure不客气；乐意效劳；D. It couldn’t be better再好不过了；非常完美。题干中“Do you mind if...”用于委婉地请求许可，意为“你介意……吗？”。对于该句型的回答，如果不同意对方的请求（即介意），通常使用“I’d rather you didn’t.(我宁愿你不做)”来进行委婉拒绝。根据后文“He is too young to attend it.(他太小了，不能参加)”可知，答话人不同意对方带弟弟去。 2. As neither side would ______, the peace talks ended with no agreement last Friday. A. give up B. give in C. give out D. give away 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：由于双方都不肯让步，上周五和平谈判未能达成一致而告终。A. give up放弃；B. give in屈服、让步；C. give out分发、耗尽；D. give away赠送、泄露。由语境谈判没有达成协议可知，两方谁都不愿意退让妥协。 3. ______ we are short of funds at present, we will continue with the project to help the children in poor areas. A. Since B. Once C. If D. Though 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：虽然我们目前缺乏资金，但我们将继续这个项目以帮助贫困地区的孩子们。A. Since既然；B. Once一旦；C. If如果；D. Though虽然。句中“we are short of funds at present(我们目前缺乏资金)”与“we will continue with the project(我们将继续这个项目)”之间存在让步转折的逻辑关系，需要使用though引导让步状语从句。 4. Many people are strongly against the use of cloning. ______, many insist its advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. A. In consequence B. In addition C. By contrast D. In conclusion 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：很多人强烈反对克隆技术的使用。相比之下，许多人坚持认为它的利远大于弊。A. In consequence因此；B. In addition此外；C. By contrast相比之下；D. In conclusion总之。由语意可知，前后两句呈现反对与支持克隆的对立态度，存在明显对比转折关系，只有By contrast能够衔接两种相反观点。 5. Professor Yang was ______ with his students’ performance at the science fair. He said that their efforts finally paid off. A. associated B. consistent C. familiar D. content 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：杨教授对他的学生在科学展览上的表现感到满意。他说他们的努力终于得到了回报。A. associate有关联的；B. consistent一致的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. content满意的。根据后半句“their efforts finally paid off”可知，杨教授对学生的表现感到满意。 6. When Robert was at university, he ______ lots of social experience by taking an active part in club activities, which provided the foundation for his career development. A. accumulated B. accelerated C. acknowledged D. accomplished 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当罗伯特在大学时，他通过积极参加俱乐部活动积累了大量的社会经验，这为他的职业发展奠定了基础。A. accumulate积累；B. accelerate加速；C. acknowledge承认；D. accomplish完成。空处与“lots of social experience”搭配，表示“积累社会经验”，应用动词accumulate。 7. — Jim, ______, but your music is too loud. I can’t focus on my homework. — Oh, I’m so sorry. I’ll turn it down. A. I hate to say it B. I’m kidding C. I’m sorry to hear that D. I’d love to 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：——吉姆，我不想这么说，但是你的音乐太吵了。我没法集中精力做作业。——哦，非常抱歉。我把它关小点。A. I hate to say it我不想这么说；B. I’m kidding我在开玩笑；C. I’m sorry to hear that听到这个我很难过；D. I’d love to我很乐意。结合语境，说话人要指出对方音乐太吵影响了自己，在提出批评或说出令人不快的事情前，常用“I hate to say it”作为委婉的铺垫。 8. Bruce, an exchange student in my class, ______ his study here the other day and is returning to his homeland. A. has finished B. finished C. had finished D. would finish 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：布鲁斯，我班上的一名交换生，前几天完成了他在这里的学业，正要返回他的祖国。句中的时间状语the other day意为“前几天”，表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，句子使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式。 9. The girl who sold flowers in the street came across two gentlemen, one of ______ helped her with her English and made her become a graceful lady. A. which B. where C. whom D. that 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：在街上卖花的女孩遇到了两位绅士，其中一位帮助她学习英语，使她成为了一位优雅的女士。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词two gentlemen（两位绅士），前面有one of，应用关系代词whom。 10. The passengers had been waiting for almost two hours at the airport, only ______ by the airline staff that their flight was cancelled because of the bad weather. A. telling B. told C. to be told D. having been told 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：乘客们在机场等了将近两个小时，结果却被航空公司工作人员告知，由于恶劣天气，他们的航班被取消了。“only + 不定式 （only to do sth.)”为固定用法，作结果状语，通常表示出乎意料或令人失望的结果，逻辑主语the passengers 与动词tell之间是被动关系，即“被告知”，因此需要使用动词不定式的被动语态to be told。 11. It had never hit Helen ______ it was very difficult to begin a new life in a strange city before she went abroad. A. what B. when C. how D. that 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：在出国之前，海伦从未意识到在一个陌生的城市开始新生活是非常困难的。本句中It作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句。从句“it was very difficult to begin a new life in a strange city”结构完整，句意明确，不缺少任何成分，因此使用that引导主语从句，that在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用。此外，“It hits sb. that...”为固定句型，意为“某人突然意识到……”。 12. The ________ of the local government in promoting renewable energy has set a positive example for other regions. A. initiative B. discussion C. expectation D. judgement 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：当地政府在推广可再生能源方面的倡议为其他地区树立了积极的榜样。A. initiative倡议；B. discussion讨论；C. expectation期望；C. judgement判断。结合set a positive example可知，此处指在再生能源方面的倡议。 13. In the last few years, thousands of films ________ all over the world. A. have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：在过去的几年里，世界各地已经制作了数千部电影。“In the last few years”是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，主语thousands of films是复数形式，且与动词produce之间是被动关系，此处应用现在完成时的被动语态have been produced。 14. Smoking isn’t allowed here. If you ________ smoke, go to the smoking area please. A. can B. may C. must D. should 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：这里不允许吸烟。如果你非要吸烟，请去吸烟区。A. can能够，可以（表示能力或许可）；B. may可以（表示许可或可能性）；C. must必须，偏要，非得（表示执意要做某事）；D. should应该（表示建议或义务）。前面说这里不允许吸烟，但说话者给出了一个让步——如果你非要吸，那就去吸烟区。must在此表示“偏要，非得”，是一种礼貌但带有不情愿的让步说法。 15. When the boss came all of a sudden, Jack stood there embarrassedly, ______ whether to put out the cigarette or not. A. wondered B. to wonder C. wondering D. wonder 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：当老板突然进来时，杰克尴尬地站在那里，不知道是否该把烟熄灭。分析句子结构可知，主句已有谓语动词stood，且逗号前后没有连词，故空格处应填入非谓语动词，逻辑主语Jack与动词wonder（想知道，不知道）之间为主动关系，且伴随主句动作发生，所以用现在分词作伴随状语。 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16-35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Poorna Malavath and Kavya Manyapu are two women who have made exploring the world’s most difficult mountains with their passion. They have now channeled their spirit of ____16____ into Project Shakthi. The purpose of Project Shakthi is to change mindsets about what women can ____17____ and to promote stories that can serve as ____18____. Malavath and Manyapu are determined not only to ____19____ money for education but also to empower (赋权) girls by exposing them to opportunities that would otherwise remain ____20____. Their ____21____ began in August when they climbed a 6,012m peak in Ladakh, India, which had never been mapped by humans before. The mountain presented challenges for even a fully ____22____ mountaineer like Malavath, with no trails to ____23____. Rainy weather conditions that turned to snow at high altitudes added to the ____24____ of climbing the peak. At their darkest moments, they found ____25____ in Shakthi’s aim: “We climb so that girls can ____26____.” Malavath and Manyapu believe that while women are now seen in various fields, there is still a wide gap to ____27____. Enrollment rates (入学率) are almost ____28____ between genders across the world; ____29____, only 36% of girls complete lower secondary school compared to 44% of boys in low-income countries. To ____30____ this global issue, Project Shakthi has set its sights on ____31____ the beneficial groups. Manyapu and Malavath plan to climb Mount Aconcagua as part of their next phase. They invite people interested in climbing to ____32____ them. The project has already begun selecting girls in India. ____33____, the project aims to sponsor girls across the globe. Malavath and Manyapu continue their ____34____ so that girls can have an education. The two inspiring women are making a difference in the world and ____35____ others to do the same. 16. A. freedom B. competition C. tolerance D. adventure 17. A. encounter B. participate C. accomplish D. involve 18. A. lessons B. models C. warnings D. presents 19. A. save B. donate C. raise D. lend 20. A. inaccessible B. favorable C. avoidable D. unlimited 21. A. separation B. performance C. journey D. interview 22. A. selfless B. experienced C. thoughtful D. respectable 23. A. follow B. escape C. design D. miss 24. A. popularity B. curiosity C. enjoyment D. complexity 25. A. motivation B. opportunity C. excuse D. understanding 26. A. travel B. benefit C. survive D. volunteer 27. A. bridge B. create C. identify D. enlarge 28. A. steady B. normal C. obvious D. equal 29. A. otherwise B. however C. therefore D. moreover 30. A. ensure B. conserve C. tackle D. investigate 31. A. broadening B. discovering C. transforming D. securing 32. A. impress B. join C. judge D. challenge 33. A. Secretly B. Eventually C. Temporarily D. Luckily 34. A. experiment B. search C. mission D. preparation 35. A. forbidding B. permitting C. instructing D. stimulating 【答案】16. D 17. C 18. B 19. C 20. A 21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. B 33. B 34. C 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲的是两位女性登山者 Poorna Malavath 和 Kavya Manyapu 攀登了世界上最艰难的山峰，并以此为契机发起了 Project Shakthi 项目。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：她们已经将她们的冒险精神投入到Project Shakthi中。A. freedom自由；B. competition竞争；C. tolerance容忍；D. adventure冒险。根据前文“exploring the world’s most difficult mountains”以及后文多处提到登山，可知她们的精神核心是冒险。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：Project Shakthi的目的是改变人们对女性所能成就的看法，并推广那些可以作为榜样的故事。A. encounter遭遇；B. participate参与；C. accomplish完成、实现；D. involve涉及。根据下文“empower (赋权) girls by exposing them to opportunities”可知，这个项目的目的是改变人们对女性可完成的成就的看法。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意同上。A. lessons课程；B. models榜样；C. warnings警告；D. presents礼物。根据后文“empower (赋权) girls”可知，这些故事是用来给女孩们树立榜样的，serve as models意为“作为榜样”。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：Malavath和Manyapu不仅决心为教育筹集资金，还致力于通过让女孩们接触那些否则将无法获得的机会来赋权她们。A. save节省；B. donate捐赠；C. raise筹集；D. lend借出。根据下文“money for education”可知，Malavath和Manyapu为教育筹集资金。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：Malavath和Manyapu不仅决心为教育筹集资金，还致力于通过让女孩们接触那些否则将无法获得的机会来赋权她们。A. inaccessible无法获得的；B. favorable有利的；C. avoidable可避免的；D. unlimited无限的。根据上文“otherwise”可知，这些机会对女孩们来说原本是无法获得的。 【21题详解】 考查名词。句意：她们的旅程始于八月，当时她们攀登了印度拉达克一座海拔6,012米的山峰，这座山峰此前从未被人类测绘过。A. separation分离；B. performance表现；C. journey旅程；D. interview采访。根据后文“climbed a 6,012m peak”可知，此处指她们的登山之旅，journey与climbed搭配自然。 【22题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这座山即使对像Malavath这样经验丰富的登山者来说也充满了挑战，因为根本没有可供跟随的路线。A. selfless无私的；B. experienced有经验的；C. thoughtful体贴的；D. respectable受尊敬的。根据前文“even”和“fully”可知，此处强调即使是经验丰富的登山者也觉得难。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意同上。A. follow跟随；B. escape逃跑；C. design设计；D. miss错过。根据前文“no trails”可知，此处是指没有可以跟随的路线，follow trails“跟随小路/路线”为固定搭配。 【24题详解】 考查名词。句意：高海拔处由雨转雪的恶劣天气增加了攀登这座山峰的复杂性。A. popularity流行；B. curiosity好奇；C. enjoyment享受；D. complexity复杂性。根据前文“Rainy weather conditions that turned to snow”和常识可知，天气恶劣使攀登更加复杂。 【25题详解】 考查名词。句意：在最黑暗的时刻，她们从Shakthi的目标中找到了动力：“我们攀登，是为了让女孩们受益。”A. motivation动力；B. opportunity机会；C. excuse借口；D. understanding理解。根据后文引号中的话“We climb so that girls can ____”可知，这是她们坚持下去的动力来源。 【26题详解】 考查动词。句意：在最黑暗的时刻，她们从Shakthi的目标中找到了动力：“我们攀登，是为了让女孩们受益。”A. travel旅行；B. benefit受益；C. survive生存；D. volunteer志愿。根据第二段“money for education but also to empower (赋权) girls by exposing them to opportunities”所说的Project Shakthi的宗旨——为女孩筹集教育资金、赋权女孩可知，攀登的目的是让女孩们受益。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：Malavath和Manyapu认为，尽管如今女性已出现在各个领域，但仍有很大的差距需要弥合。A. bridge弥合；B. create创造；C. identify识别；D. enlarge扩大。由“a wide gap”可知，此处是bridge the gap固定搭配，意为“弥合差距”。 【28题详解】 考查形容词。句意：全球范围内男女入学率几乎平等；然而，在低收入国家，只有36%的女孩完成了初中学业，而男孩的这一比例为44%。A. steady稳定的；B. normal正常的；C. obvious明显的；D. equal平等的。根据后文“only 36% of girls complete lower secondary school compared to 44% of boys in low-income countries”可知，前文说的是表面上几乎平等。 【29题详解】 考查副词。句意：全球范围内男女入学率几乎平等；然而，在低收入国家，只有36%的女孩完成了初中学业，而男孩的这一比例为44%。A. otherwise否则；B. however然而；C. therefore因此；D. moreover而且。前文说入学率几乎平等，后文说实际差距很大，前后构成转折关系，however正确。 【30题详解】 考查动词。句意：为了应对这一全球性问题，Project Shakthi将目标放在了扩大受益群体上。A. ensure确保；B. conserve保护；C. tackle解决、应对；D. investigate调查。由下文“this global issue”和“Project Shakthi has set its sights”可知，此处表示“应对这一全球性问题”。 【31题详解】 考查动词。句意同上。A. broadening扩大；B. discovering发现；C. transforming转变；D. securing确保。根据后文“sponsor girls across the globe”可知，Project Shakthi的目标是扩大受益范围。 【32题详解】 考查动词。句意：她们邀请有兴趣攀登的人加入她们。A. impress给……留下印象；B. join加入；C. judge判断；D. challenge挑战。根据前文“invite people”可知，此处是邀请人加入她们的登山计划。 【33题详解】 考查副词。句意：最终，该项目旨在资助全球的女孩。A. Secretly秘密地；B. Eventually最终；C. Temporarily暂时地；D. Luckily幸运地。根据前文“has already begun selecting girls in India”和后文“the project aims to sponsor girls across the globe.”可知，这是第一步，最终目标是全球范围。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：Malavath和Manyapu继续她们的使命，以便让女孩们能够接受教育。A. experiment实验；B. search搜索；C. mission使命；D. preparation准备。根据后文“so that girls can have an education”和全文主题——她们通过登山为女孩争取教育机会，这是她们的使命。 【35题详解】 考查动词。句意：这两位鼓舞人心的女性正在改变世界，并激励其他人也这样做。A. forbidding禁止；B. permitting允许；C. instructing指导；D. stimulating激发，鼓励。根据前文“They invite people interested in climbing to ____ them”可知，她们邀请人们加入她们，也就是激励其他人也这么做。 第二部分：阅读理解（共20个小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Recreational Vehicle Trips in National Parks Trip 1: Zion, Bryce Canyon, Arches, Canyonlands & Capitol Reef Visit the five national parks in Utah. Activities include going boating on the Colorado River, and hiking Angels Landing for an impressive view of Zion Canyon. One special thing is guaranteed: you’ll see the Milky Way, the pale white band of stars across the sky at night, like never before in this beautiful area of the country. Available: Apr. 1 to Oct. 23 Duration: 8 to 13 nights Price (for a group of 4 guests): $4,990—9,840 Trip 2: Banff & Jasper Travel along the Icefields Parkway which connects the parks and towns of Banff in Alberta, Canada, Lake Louise, and Jasper Lake. Book a ride in a big snowcoach (雪车) onto the Athabasca Glacier, and take a flight-seeing tour over the huge icefields that cover the area of the Rocky Mountains. Available: Jun. 15 to Sept. 15 Duration: 8 to 13 nights Price (for a group of 4 guests): $5,260—6,080 Trip 3: Mount Rushmore & Colorado This trip is perfect for anyone interested in America’s history, from forts (堡垒) to huge rock carvings of historical figures. Starting in Denver, your journey will take you through Colorado and into Wyoming. Available: Feb. 1 to Oct. 10 Duration: 8 to 13 nights Price (for a group of 4 guests): $5,124—7,880 Trip 4: Yosemite, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Start your journey in the Bay Area and then head east to Yosemite with its impressive waterfalls and towering cliffs (悬崖). Combine your visit to Yosemite with stops at Sequoia National Park to see the five largest sequoia trees in the world, and Kings Canyon. Available: May 19 to Oct. 8 Duration: 8 to 13 nights Price (for a group of 4 guests): $5,224—9,540 36. What’s special about Utah’s five national parks? A. The presentation of America’s history. B. The impressive waterfalls. C. The beautiful starry sky. D. The adventurous activities. 37. What can tourists do in Banff & Jasper? A. Swim in Lake Louise. B. Hike the Rocky Mountains. C. Appreciate unique rock carvings. D. Take a snowcoach to the Athabasca Glacier. 38. Which of the following trips will be suitable for tourists available in March? A. Banff & Jasper. B. Mount Rushmore & Colorado. C. Yosemite, Sequoia & Kings Canyon. D. Zion, Bryce Canyon, Arches, Canyonlands & Capitol Reef. 39. How much would a group of 8 tourists pay for the fourth trip? A. At least $9,980. B. At most $12,160. C. At least $10,448 D. At most $15,760. 40. In which aspect do the four vehicle trips have something in common? A. The location in national parks. B. The nights included in the trip. C. The tourist activities. D. The target groups of tourists. 【答案】36. C 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍的是四条国家公园房车旅行线路。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据Trip 1: Zion, Bryce Canyon, Arches, Canyonlands & Capitol Reef部分的“One special thing is guaranteed: you’ll see the Milky Way, the pale white band of stars across the sky at night, like never before in this beautiful area of the country.(这里还有一大独特体验：夜幕降临时，你将在这片美景中欣赏到前所未见的银河 —— 那条横跨夜空的银白色星带。)”可知，在该旅途中，游客可能被银河的美景吸引。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据Trip 2: Banff & Jasper部分“Book a ride in a big snowcoach (雪车) onto the Athabasca Glacier, and take a flight-seeing tour over the huge icefields that cover the area of the Rocky Mountains.(你可以预约乘坐大型雪车前往阿萨巴斯卡冰川，还能搭乘观光航班，俯瞰落基山脉广袤的冰原。)”可知，游客在Banff & Jasper可以乘坐雪地车前往阿萨巴斯卡冰川。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据Trip 3: Mount Rushmore & Colorado部分的“Available: Feb. 1 to Oct. 10(可出行时间：2月1日 至 10月10日)”可知，如果游客在3月份有时间，只能选择Mount Rushmore & Colorado之旅。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据Trip 4: Yosemite, Sequoia & Kings Canyon部分“Price (for a group of 4 guests): $5,224—9,540(价格（4人团体）：5224—9540美元)”可知，8名游客参加第四个行程需要付至少10,448美元，是5224*2=10,448。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据每一个trip里面的“Duration: 8 to 13 nights(时长：8至13晚)”可知，文中所提到的四个国家公园之旅都会在旅途中度过8-13个夜晚。 B I had no idea it was possible to sweat so heavily without engaging in any physical activity. I wasn’t standing at the open door of a plane thousands of feet in the air, ready to jump out into the wild, blue sky. Rather, I was simply sitting on my bed, wearing my most comfortable clothes, and waiting to hit the “Enter classroom” button on my computer. I had signed up for an online language lesson with a Portuguese language tutor. For the past few months, I had been studying the language and I knew video chat was the next best option. As I clicked the button, a friendly face popped up on the screen in front of me. At that moment, my mind froze. Feeling my nervousness, my tutor said something I still remember today, “Learning a new language is like showing your weakness to the world. It can be uncomfortable.” The ice was officially broken. As I’ve progressed along on my language journey, I often think back to her insight. She is right. We take as a given the power to express ourselves freely, and when that power is taken away, we are brought to a place of weakness. Yet if we keep pushing forward despite this weakness, we will unlock a wealth of valuable gains. My three-year-old son has big feelings but has insufficient vocabulary to properly express himself. When I started learning Portuguese, I realized how difficult it must be for him to be understood in the adult world around him. I’m a better parent now. When my husband and I finally visited Portugal and ordered food in Portuguese at a small shop, the server thanked us for taking time to learn their language. Learning Portuguese taught me that attempting to learn someone else’s language shows respect not only for their homeland but for the people themselves. Taking on the challenge of Portuguese has also awakened a fire within me. If you had told me a year ago that I would be taking a writing course, competing in competitions at my gym, or learning about car maintenance, I truly wouldn’t have believed it. Now I deeply believe that challenging yourself can be rewarding in ways you will never know unless you attempt it. 41. What does the author mean by “the ice was officially broken” in Paragraph 2? A. Her tutor ended the online lesson immediately. B. She was determined to quit the language lesson. C. The video connection was stable in the end. D. She stopped feeling nervous and started to open up. 42. Hearing the tutor’s words, the author felt ______. A. shocked B. relieved C. concerned D. defensive 43. What can be inferred from the author’s experience with her three-year-old son? A. Learning a second language helps adults understand children’s struggles. B. Children have a better ability to learn languages than adults anytime and anywhere. C. Parents should not force their children to express themselves. D. Portuguese is especially difficult for parents to learn in real life. 44. Why does the author mention the server’s thanks in Portugal? A. To show that Portuguese people are very friendly to tourists. B. To argue that ordering food is the most useful language skill. C. To illustrate that learning someone’s language shows respect. D. To prove that her Portuguese pronunciation was perfect. 45. What message does the author seem to convey to the readers? A. It is never too late to learn something new. B. Leaving the comfort zone offers new visions of life. C. Taking on challenges may bring perfection. D. Language learning helps clear up misunderstandings. 【答案】41. D 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. B 【解析】 【导语】主要讲述作者初学葡萄牙语线上课时十分紧张，在导师开导下坚持学习，并收获多重人生感悟的亲身经历。 【41题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“At that moment, my mind froze. Feeling my nervousness, my tutor said something I still remember today, “Learning a new language is like showing your weakness to the world. It can be uncomfortable.” The ice was officially broken. As I’ve progressed along on my language journey, I often think back to her insight.(那一刻，我的大脑一片空白。察觉到我的紧张，导师说了一句我至今记忆犹新的话：“学习一门新语言就如同把自己的弱点展露在世人面前，这难免会让人局促不安。” The ice was officially broken。随着我语言学习的不断深入，我常常会回想起她的见解。)”可知，起初作者很紧张，导师共情、鼓励作者，后来作者不断进步时扔回想起她的见解，由此推知导师的共情话语消解了作者的紧张情绪，作者不再拘束、愿意放开自己交流，因此这句话表示“她不再紧张，开始敞开心扉”。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Feeling my nervousness, my tutor said something I still remember today, “Learning a new language is like showing your weakness to the world. It can be uncomfortable.” The ice was officially broken.(察觉到我的紧张，导师说了一句我至今记忆犹新的话：“学习一门新语言就如同把自己的弱点展露在世人面前，这难免会让人局促不安。”僵局就此彻底打破。)”可知，导师理解并体谅作者的紧张，作者紧绷的情绪得到舒缓，内心感到宽慰。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“My three-year-old son has big feelings but has insufficient vocabulary to properly express himself. When I started learning Portuguese, I realized how difficult it must be for him to be understood in the adult world around him. I’m a better parent now.(我三岁的孩子情绪丰富，却没有足够的词汇完整表达自己。当我开始学葡萄牙语时，我体会到他在成年人世界里想要被理解有多艰难，我也成了更合格的家长。)”可知，学习外语让成年人切身体会到孩子无法顺畅表达的难处。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“When my husband and I finally visited Portugal and ordered food in Portuguese at a small shop, the server thanked us for taking time to learn their language. Learning Portuguese taught me that attempting to learn someone else’s language shows respect not only for their homeland but for the people themselves.(我和丈夫到访葡萄牙，用葡语点餐，店员为我们愿意花时间学习他们的语言表达谢意。学习葡语让我懂得，学习他人的语言既是尊重对方的国度，也是尊重当地人本身。)”可知，作者提及店员道谢这件事，是为阐明学习对方语言是一种尊重。 【45题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是尾段中的“Taking on the challenge of Portuguese has also awakened a fire within me.(接受学习葡语的挑战点燃了我内心的热情。)”以及“Now I deeply believe that challenging yourself can be rewarding in ways you will never know unless you attempt it.(如今我深信，挑战自我所能带来的收获，不去亲身尝试就无从知晓。)”可知，作者走出舒适区挑战新事物，收获了共情孩子、懂得尊重他人、突破自我等多重人生新感悟，因此走出舒适区能带来全新人生视野贴合主旨。 C Scientists are studying fossils (化石) of a large meat-eating dinosaur that they describe as interesting, both in life and in death. The dinosaur probably lived and hunted 198 million years ago in what is now northern Italy. The fossils were discovered in 1996 near the village of Saltrio, in Italy’s northern Lombardy area. They were found in an area where miners cut rock to use for building. This led to a long, struggling process of removing the creature’s remains from the surrounding rock. The scientists reported that the dinosaur, called Saltriovenator, weighed at least one ton and was 7.5 meters long. This means that during the period when it lived, Saltriovenator was the largest-known meat-eating dinosaur that had ever existed, making it quite unusual throughout the Age of Dinosaurs. After dying, Saltriovenator somehow floated into the sea and sank to the bottom. There the remains provided meals for numerous sea creatures before fossilizing. The bones show marks likely left by attacking sharks and fish: They also show signs of feeding by smaller creatures. And there are small holes in the bones apparently left by even smaller marine worms. In scientific writings, there are reports of some dinosaur bones being attacked on land by other animals and, more rarely, insects. At least three kinds of marine animals left those traces on the bones of Saltriovenator. Saltriovenator is the second dinosaur of its kind ever found in Italy. It’s a transitional (过渡期的) dinosaur, synthesizing the qualities of early meat-eating dinosaurs with those of more developed ones. And the name Saltriovenator means “hunter from Saltrio”. The creature walked on two legs. Each hand had four fingers, three of which possessed claws. Its head was about 80 centimeters long, while its mouth had sharp teeth. The creature was about 24 years old at the time of death, and had still not fully grown. It lived in a coastal environment and likely hunted plant-eating dinosaurs and possibly smaller meat-eating dinosaurs. 46. What can we infer from Paragraph 1? A. Italy used to be a place heavily populated by ancient dinosaurs. B. The fossils of the dinosaur were found 198 million years ago. C. Miners had taken great pains to find some fossils around Italy. D. The digging process of those fossils was really hard work. 47. The dinosaur Saltriovenator is special mainly in ______. A. the times it lived B. the large size it had C. the difficulty it suffered D. the food it lived on 48. What happened to Saltriovenator after its death? A. It floated to the shore. B. It was eaten by various sea creatures. C. It turned into fossils in the rocks. D. It’s attacked by other meat-eating dinosaurs. 49. What does the underlined word “synthesizing” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Comparing B. Maintaining. C. Combining. D. Assessing. 50. What do we know about Saltriovenator from the last paragraph? A. It was still young at death. B. It has very long teeth. C. All its fingers have claws. D. It fed on both plants and animals. 【答案】46. D 47. B 48. B 49. C 50. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍意大利发现的大型肉食恐龙 Saltriovenator的体型、死后经历、物种特点与外形习性。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“This led to a long, struggling process of removing the creature’s remains from the surrounding rock.(这导致从周围岩石中取出这种生物遗骸的过程漫长且艰难)”可知，从岩石中取出恐龙化石困难重重，挖掘过程着实辛苦。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“This means that during the period when it lived, Saltriovenator was the largest - known meat - eating dinosaur that had ever existed, making it quite unusual throughout the Age of Dinosaurs.(这意味着在它生活的时期，Saltriovenator是已知存在过的最大的食肉恐龙，这使得它在整个恐龙时代都相当与众不同)”可知，Saltriovenator的特别之处主要在于其庞大的体型。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“After dying, Saltriovenator somehow floated into the sea and sank to the bottom. There the remains provided meals for numerous sea creatures before fossilizing.(死后，Saltriovenator不知何故漂入海中并沉入海底。在那里，它的遗骸在石化之前成为了众多海洋生物的食物)”可知，Saltriovenator死后被各种海洋生物食用。 【49题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段“It’s a transitional (过渡期的) dinosaur, synthesizing the qualities of early meat-eating dinosaurs with those of more developed ones.(它是一种过渡性恐龙，synthesizing早期食肉恐龙的特征与更进化的食肉恐龙的特征)”可知，“过渡性”暗示它融合了不同阶段恐龙的特点，“synthesizing”的意思是“结合”。 【50题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The creature was about 24 years old at the time of death, and had still not fully grown.(这种生物死亡时大约24岁，还没有完全长大)”可知，Saltriovenator死亡时还年轻。 D What do social climbers and gossipers (爱说闲话的人) have in common? My mother believes that both are morally suspect, a lesson we readily pass on to our children: avoid the cheater and the whisperer. But stories simplify reality. The most effective social climbers and gossipers possess a remarkable grasp of social structure to navigate their social worlds. This skill isn’t a moral failing; it’s a cognitive (认知的) skill. Recent work from my laboratory shows that cognitive maps — mental representations of the social world — shape our critical social skills. Social success depends not just on whom you know but also on how well you understand the invisible architecture of your social world. Mapping this is no small task, as social networks are large and dynamic. Yet building such cognitive maps offers great advantages. To better understand social navigation, my collaborator and I developed studies to investigate how people build cognitive maps. Across a year we tracked about 200 freshmen’s friendships and asked them to report their understanding of others’ connections. In one study, we discovered that those who rise to the top of the social structure aren’t the most charming or outgoing — they’re the best social mapmakers. The most influential people quickly build mental maps of their peers’ connection; those initially influential but without accurate mental maps of the network did not stay influential for long. In a second paper, we examined whether mapmaking aids gossiping — a behavior that, despite its poor reputation, can be an efficient way to quickly learn about the ins and outs of the community. To understand how humans pull off this remarkable task, we wondered whether mapmaking helps predict where information will spread. Mental maps become quite useful in this case, as they reveal two key network features: someone’s popularity and their distance from the gossip target. They help find a good friend — someone far enough from the target yet well-connected to spread information. How does the brain build these maps? In one of our recent studies, we discovered that the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex — a neural (神经的) center known for navigating physical space — also carries a map of connections among people. The more strongly these maps are rooted in the brain, the better we are at brokering community ties. If the brain needs to quickly figure out where gossip might spread, knowing where the popular people are positioned or the key relationships that bridge the otherwise disconnected communities allows us to chart the sequence of ties that can efficiently cross the network. Strategic wayfinding isn’t only for physical space. It is just as necessary to be able to effectively move through our social landscapes. Armed with a deliberately unclear map of their social community, skilled social navigators can do what no GPS can. They see the bridges before they’re built, avoid the storms of gossip, and map out a course to common ground. 51. As for his mother’s belief, the author is ________. A. unconcerned B. supportive C. puzzled D. disapproving 52. What does the author suggest about the ability to navigate social worlds? A. It is a cognitive skill. B. It relies on being charming. C. It is primarily a moral issue. D. It requires physical fitness. 53. According to the passage, social cognitive maps can help ________. A. control the wide spread of gossip storms B. memorize others’ connections in social groups C. gain long-lasting social influence among peers D. choose well-connected people as gossip targets 54. What does the underlined word “brokering” in Paragraph 7 probably mean? A. Breaking. B. Experiencing. C. Managing. D. Recording. 55. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Navigating Our Social Worlds B. How to Interpret Social Skills C. What Lies Behind People’s Social Behaviors D. Brain Structures Shaping Social Relationships 【答案】51. D 52. A 53. C 54. C 55. A 【解析】 【导语】主要反驳世俗对钻营者和闲话者的道德偏见，阐释社会认知地图对社交导航的重要作用与大脑运作机制。 【51题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“My mother believes that both are morally suspect, a lesson we readily pass on to our children: avoid the cheater and the whisperer.(我的母亲认为这两类人在道德上都值得怀疑，我们轻易就把这个观念传给孩子：远离投机钻营者和搬弄是非之人。)”以及第二段中的“But stories simplify reality. The most effective social climbers and gossipers possess a remarkable grasp of social structure to navigate their social worlds. This skill isn’t a moral failing; it’s a cognitive (认知的) skill. (但是故事会简化现实。那些最擅长向上攀爬阶层、搬弄是非的人，对社会架构有着极强的把控能力，以此在社交圈子里周旋游走。这项能力并非道德缺陷，而是一种认知本领。)”可知，作者不认同母亲单纯从道德层面否定这两类人的观点，持不赞同态度。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This skill isn’t a moral failing; it’s a cognitive skill.(这项能力并非道德缺陷，而是一种认知技能。)”可知，游走社交圈的能力本质上是一种认知能力。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The most influential people quickly build mental maps of their peers’ connection; those initially influential but without accurate mental maps of the network did not stay influential for long.(影响力最强的人能快速构建同伴社交关系的心智地图；那些起初有影响力，但没有精准社交网络心智地图的人，无法长久保持影响力。)”可知，社会认知地图能够帮助人在同龄人中长期保有社交影响力。 【54题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第七段中的“The more strongly these maps are rooted in the brain, the better we are at brokering community ties. If the brain needs to quickly figure out where gossip might spread, knowing where the popular people are positioned or the key relationships that bridge the otherwise disconnected communities allows us to chart the sequence of ties that can efficiently cross the network.(这些社交图谱在大脑中扎根越深，我们就越擅长brokering社群联结。倘若大脑需要快速判断流言会往何处扩散，清楚核心人物所处位置，或是知晓能原本互不连通的社群衔接起来的关键人脉，我们就能梳理出人际链条次序，高效打通整张社交网络。)”可知，拥有精准的社会认知地图，人们能更好地处理、维系社群人际关系，因此画线单词“brokering”意为“管理、协调”，与Managing含义一致。 【55题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是尾段中的“Strategic wayfinding isn’t only for physical space. It is just as necessary to be able to effectively move through our social landscapes. Armed with a deliberately unclear map of their social community, skilled social navigators can do what no GPS can.(策略性寻路不只适用于实体空间，高效穿梭社交图景同样不可或缺。手握社群心智地图，老练的社交导航者能做到导航设备无法实现的事。)”可知，文章围绕社交导航展开，介绍社交认知地图的作用、实验依据和大脑支撑机制，因此“游走我们的社交世界”最适合作为文章标题。 第II卷（共35分） 第三部分：写作 第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） My presentation was horrible. I knew it before I heard “we’ll be in touch” from the client. I wouldn’t look my boss in the eye and the rest of my day was spent in relative silence. Finally, I left my office and walked home. Around the building near my home, I found some kids were noisily shooting water at each other using water guns. I was annoyed, thinking, “Don’t wet me!” When seeing me in my suit and my mean look, they stopped the water fight and got quiet. Then I noticed a five-year-old kid with a water gun eyeing me a little harder than the others. I eyed him back. Then his brother nodded to him like he was saying, “I dare you.” My eyes tightened a little further as I communicated my own “I dare you” to the five-year-old kid. Then he darted (瞥) a look at me, planning his escape route through the alley, and immediately I knew I was going to get wet. And he got me before he ran toward his exit. Right away I headed toward the alley to preclude his escape. But as I took my first step, his brother, the instigator (唆使者), threw me one of his water guns. I caught it and without much thinking, I shot water at him. He shot back but his shooter was no match for mine. So he turned his water gun on a few other little kids after that. Then, somehow I also turned my water gun on these kids and before long we were in an all-out water fight. Soon, there were water balloons dropping from upstairs windows and the whole block seemed to be involved — adults and kids. Needless to say, I was totally wet and laughing like I had never laughed before. It was the five-year-old kid who brought out the kid in me and helped me realize that you may not be able to control your disappointment but you can still let the joy in. 56. Why did the author spend the rest of his day in relative silence? (no more than 10 words) _________________________________________________ 57. How did the brother respond to the 5-year-old kid’s intention? (no more than 10 words) _________________________________________________ 58. What does the underlined mean in paragraph 4? (no more than 1 words) _________________________________________________ 59. What made the author laugh a lot? (no more than 10 words) _________________________________________________ 60. How do you think you can live a joyful life according to the story? (no more than 20 words) _________________________________________________ 【答案】56. Because he was upset about his poor performance in work. 57. He encouraged his younger brother by nodding to him. 58. Prevent/Stop. 59. Being involved in the water fight. 60. I should avoid being too troubled by unfortunate things that have happened and try to get joy from simple things.（答案不唯一） 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述作者工作汇报失利后心情低落，一场水枪大战治愈了他，让他懂得接纳失落、拥抱快乐。 【56题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段“My presentation was horrible. I knew it before I heard “we’ll be in touch” from the client. I wouldn’t look my boss in the eye and the rest of my day was spent in relative silence.(我的汇报糟糕透顶。在听到客户说出“我们后续再联系”之前我就察觉到了。我不敢直视老板，当天剩余的时间我都在相对沉默中度过)”可知，作者汇报失败心情低落，所以整日沉默。 【57题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Then his brother nodded to him like he was saying, “I dare you.”(随后他的哥哥朝他点了点头，仿佛在说“我谅你不敢”)”可知，哥哥通过点头鼓励弟弟朝作者喷水。 【58题详解】 考查词句猜测。根据第三段中“Then he darted (瞥) a look at me, planning his escape route through the alley, and immediately I knew I was going to get wet.(然后他瞥了我一眼，规划着从小巷逃走的路线，我立刻明白我要被水泼到了)”可知，小男孩计划从小巷逃走，因此猜测作者走向小巷，是为了阻止他逃走，以免自己被泼水。由此猜测preclude意为“阻止”，意思与prevent/stop接近。 【59题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第五段中“before long we were in an all-out water fight... Needless to say, I was totally wet and laughing like I had never laughed before.(不久之后我们展开了全面的水枪大战……不用说，我全身湿透，笑得前所未有地开怀)”可知，参与水枪大战让作者开怀大笑。 【60题详解】 开放性问题。结合文章从小事情中获得快乐的主旨，答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。例如可回答：I should avoid being too troubled by unfortunate things that have happened and try to get joy from simple things. 第二节 书面表达（满分25分） 61. 假设你是晨光中学的李津。为配合学校的“安全教育月”活动，你校英语社团的微信公众号开展以“Stay Alert Against Fraud”为题的征文活动，号召同学们提高防诈骗意识，守护自身安全。现请你投稿，文章内容应包括： （1）简述学生易遭遇的诈骗现象（如网络游戏交易诈骗、暑期兼职招工诈骗等）； （2）给出防范诈骗的合理建议（如保护个人隐私、核实信息真伪等）； （3）发出倡议，提醒大家守护个人与家庭安全，远离各类骗局等。 注意： （1）词数不少于100； （2）可适当增加细节，使行文连贯； （3）内容充实、行文连贯； （4）题目已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇： 网络诈骗 cyber fraud 暑期兼职 summer part-time job 个人隐私 personal privacy 提高警惕 stay alert 报警 report to the police Stay Alert Against Fraud ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文 Stay Alert Against Fraud Nowadays, as students spend more time online and look for summer jobs, they are increasingly exposed to various cyber fraud risks. Many fall victim to online game trading scams, where they lose money while trying to buy virtual items, or fake summer part-time job offers that promise high pay but steal personal information instead. These frauds not only cause financial losses but also leave deep emotional scars. To stay safe, we must take practical steps. First, never share personal privacy like ID numbers or bank details with strangers online. Second, always check the authenticity of part-time job information by contacting the company directly, rather than trusting messages from unknown senders. If you suspect a scam or have been cheated, report to the police immediately. Let’s stay alert against all forms of fraud. It is not only for our own safety but also for the well-being of our families and friends. Only by raising our awareness can we build a safer environment for everyone. 【解析】 【导语】短文要求结合学校“安全教育月”活动，简述学生易遭遇的诈骗现象，给出防范诈骗建议，并发出守护个人与家庭安全、远离骗局的倡议，旨在提高同学们的防诈骗意识。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 遭遇：encounter → come across 核实：verify → check out 警觉的：alert → watchful 骗局：scam → fraud scheme 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：It is not only for our own safety but also for the well-being of our families and friends. 拓展句：Not only is it for our own safety, but also it is for the well-being of our families and friends. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Many fall victim to online game trading scams, where they lose money while trying to buy virtual items, or fake summer part-time job offers that promise high pay but steal personal information instead.（运用了where引导非限制性定语从句以及that引导定语从句） 【高分句型2】If you suspect a scam or have been cheated, report to the police immediately.（运用了if引导条件状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $