暑假作业08 现在完成进行时（巩固培优） 高二英语译林版

( 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ) 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业08 现在完成进行时 （原卷板） 一、定义 现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能刚刚结束，也可能仍在继续进行，它强调动作的持续性、未完成性或反复性。 二、构成 现在完成进行时由“助动词 have/has + been + 现在分词”构成。 肯定式：主语 + have/has been + 现在分词 否定式：主语 + have/has not been + 现在分词 疑问式：Have/Has + 主语 + been + 现在分词 现在分词的构成 现在分词由动词原形加 -ing 构成，具体规则如下： 1. 一般情况下直接加 -ing： work → working, play → playing, watch → watching 2. 以不发音的 e 结尾，去掉 e 再加 -ing： make → making, take → taking, write → writing, dance → dancing 3. 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母再加 -ing： run → running, swim → swimming, cut → cutting, begin → beginning, plan → planning, stop → stopping 4. 以 ie 结尾的动词，变 ie 为 y，再加 -ing： lie → lying, die → dying, tie → tying 5. 少数以 c 结尾的动词，先加 k 再加 -ing： panic → panicking, picnic → picnicking 注意：现在分词的变化没有改y为i再加ing的情况！ 三、基本用法 1. 表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，且可能继续下去。常与 for, since 等引导的时间状语连用，强调动作的持续长度。 She has been reading that novel for three hours. 她读那本小说已经三个小时了。（现在还在读） They have been living in this city since 2015. 他们从2015年起就一直住在这座城市。（现在仍住在这里） 2. 表示动作刚刚结束，但该动作的结果对现在产生了直接影响。往往可以从当前的情景推断出刚才在做什么。 You look tired. What have you been doing? 你看起来很累。你刚才在干什么？ Her eyes are red. She has been crying. 她眼睛红了。她刚才一直在哭。 3. 表达带有感情色彩的动作，如赞扬、不满、抱怨等。常与 always, constantly 等频度副词连用，表示频繁发生且让人有所感触。 He is so kind. He has always been helping his neighbors. 他真善良，一直都在帮助他的邻居。（赞扬） Why is the room so messy? The kids have been playing around again. 房间怎么这么乱？孩子们又在瞎闹了。（不满） 4. 表示在一段时间内反复发生的动作。 强调动作的重复性，不是一次性完成。 I have been meeting the same old lady in the park these days. 这些天我总在公园里碰到同一位老太太。 We have been trying to contact you for the whole morning. 我们整个早上一直在设法联系你。 四、常见时间状语 all day / all night / all this week, for a long time, for hours, since + 过去时间点/从句, recently, lately, these days, in/over/during the past few years, all the time, the whole morning, How long... 五、与现在完成时和过去进行时的区别 时态 概念与侧重 常用状语 例句 现在完成时 强调动作已完成，或从过去开始的状态至今存在；侧重结果、影响、次数或完成的量。 already, yet, ever, never, just, so far, for, since I have cleaned the room. It is tidy now. 我打扫过房间了，现在很整洁。(强调结果) She has written three letters this morning. 她今天早上写了三封信。(强调完成的量) 现在完成进行时 强调动作从过去持续到现在，可能仍在进行；侧重动作的持续过程、未完成性或反复性。 详见以上内容（常见时间状语） I have been cleaning the room all morning. 我整个早上都在打扫房间。(强调持续过程，可能还在扫) She has been writing letters since she got up. 她起床后就一直在写信。(强调持续，可能还没写完) 过去进行时 表示在过去某个具体时间点或时间段内正在进行的动作，与现在无关。 at 9 o’clock yesterday, when he came, this time last week I was cleaning the room when you called. 你打电话来的时候，我正在打扫房间。(过去某刻正在做) She was writing a letter at 8 p.m. yesterday. 昨晚八点她正在写信。 六、现在完成进行时使用的场合 1. 强调动作持续不断： 想说明某个动作已不间断地进行了多久。 He has been studying Japanese for ten years. 他学日语已经十年了。 2. 解释当前状况的原因： 用刚刚持续的动作来解释眼前的现象。 The ground is wet because it has been raining. 地面湿了，因为一直在下雨。 3. 带有强烈感情色彩： 表达说话人对某个持续行为的赞美或厌烦。 I’m so grateful! You have been taking good care of my plants. 太感激了！你一直悉心照料我的植物。 4. 描述近期反复发生的事： 动作在一段时间内不断重复出现。 We have been seeing more and more high-tech products lately. 最近我们见到了越来越多的高科技产品。 5. 询问持续性动作： 用 How long 进行提问，想知道某动作持续了多久。 How long have you been waiting here? 你在这儿等多久了？ 一、单项选择：选出最佳选项 1. —Why is your mother so angry? —Because my brother ______ computer games all afternoon instead of studying. A. has played B. has been playing C. was playing D. played 2. For the past two months, our team ______ hard to prepare for the coming championship. A. is working B. had worked C. has been working D. worked 3. She is exhausted. She ______ her sick grandmother in the hospital for days. A. has been caring for B. has cared for C. cares for D. was caring for 4. I can smell smoke here. Who ______? A. smoked B. has smoked C. was smoking D. has been smoking 5. The writer ______ a new novel recently. I wonder when it will be out. A. is writing B. has been writing C. had written D. wrote 6. She is very fluent in French. In fact, she ______ it since she was five. A. has been learning B. has learned C. learned D. had learned 7. —Where have you been? We ______ for you everywhere. —Sorry, I was in the library. A. have looked B. had looked C. are looking D. have been looking 8. All these years, the old scientist ______ to find a cure for this disease. A. is trying B. has tried C. has been trying D. had tried 9. I ______ the book you lent me, and I’ll return it to you as soon as I finish it. A. have read B. have been reading C. read D. was reading 10. They ______ each other frequently since their first meeting last summer. A. have been contacting B. contacted C. had contacted D. are contacting 二、单句语法填空 1. Her hands are covered in paint. She __________________ (paint) the wall all the morning. 2. You finally made it! We _________________________ (wait) for your call for a whole hour. 3. He ___________________________ (already, eat) three bananas since breakfast. He is really hungry today. 4. —What were you doing at the moment the power went off? —I _________________ (type) an important document on my computer. 5. I’m so sorry I’m late. How long ________________ you _______________ (wait) here? 6. Recently, researchers ____________________________ (develop) a new type of eco-friendly battery. 7. Since he moved to the city, he __________________________ (not, hear) from his old friends. 8. The river is very muddy. It ___________________________ (rain) heavily in the mountains for days. 9. I ___________________________ (try) to contact the service center all day, but no one picks up the phone. 10. At this time last week, we ___________________________ (lie) on the beach enjoying the sunshine. 三、完成句子 1. I am so sleepy because __________________________________________ (我整个晚上都在写这篇报告). 2. He looks very hot. ______________________________________________________ (他一直在操场上跑). 3. Since the project started, ________________________________________________ (我们每天都在加班). 4. The students are making great progress. They ________________________________________________ (数月以来都在练习讲英语) 5. The ground is all white. It ________________________________________________ (一整夜都在下雪). 6. _____________________________________________ (你集邮持续多久了)? Your collection is amazing. 7. She ______ always ________________________ (一直梦想) of becoming a world-class dancer. 8. Lately, more and more people ______________________________________________ (一直在重视心理健康). 9. I _____________________________________________ (最近一直在看这部电视剧), but I’m not finished yet. 10. They ________________________________________________ (一直在重建这座古庙) since last spring. 一、句型转换: 用现在完成进行时合并句子 例： Sentence A：Tom started working on this project at 9 o’clock this morning. Sentence B：It's now 11 o’clock, and he is still working on it. 答案：→ Tom has been working on this project for two hours / since 9 o’clock this morning. 解析： 动作“工作”从上午9点开始，持续到当前（11点），并且仍在进行。现在完成进行时 has been working 强调动作的持续性。时间状语可用 for + 时间段（for two hours）或 since + 时间点（since 9 o’clock）。原句中的两个信息（起始时间 + 当前仍持续）被合并为一个完整的现在完成进行时句子。 1. Sentence A：They began playing football at 3 p.m. Sentence B：It’s now 5 p.m., and they haven't stopped playing. → __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Sentence A：It started raining last night. Sentence B：Look out the window – it is still raining now. → __________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Sentence A：She moved to this city three years ago. Sentence B：She still lives here and works at the same company. → __________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Sentence A：He learned to play the guitar when he was a teenager. Sentence B：He still practices the guitar every day now (he is 30 years old). → __________________________________________________________________________________________ 二、中译英 1. 你全身都湿透了。你一直在雨里跑吗？ 2. 那位作家近三年来一直在撰写一部历史小说。 3. 我妹妹一直在房间里练习唱歌，邻居们都来抱怨了。 4. 他一整天都在帮我们修电脑，我们非常感激。 5. 最近这两个月你一直都在忙些什么？ 6. 地上都是烟头，有人一直在这里抽烟。 7. 自从买了那台相机，他就一直在到处拍照。 8. 我今天早上已经洗了三车衣服了。 9. 昨天下午三点，我正在图书馆准备考试。 10. 她刚回到家，现在非常累。 三、语法填空（短文） 阅读下面材料，在空格处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号中单词的正确形式。 For months, I 1 (prepare) for the school science fair. Since last spring, my partner Jake and I 2 (work) on a project about renewable energy. Every day after class, we 3 (stay) in the lab until it got dark. Jake is great; he 4 (always, encourage) me when I felt like giving up. This morning, when I arrived at the lab, Jake 5 (already, set) up all the equipment. I was moved. We 6 (collect) useful data over the past few weeks, and now we finally have a complete model to present. However, one part of our model still 7 (not, function) well, so we 8 (try) to fix it for the last two hours. Our teacher, Mrs. Green, came by just now. She said, “Wow, you two 9 (make) incredible progress!” She looked at our notebook and asked, “How long have you recording these figures?” We told her it 10 (take) us nearly a month. She smiled and wished us good luck. 一、真题再现 1. 【2024年天津卷第一次】The Smiths _________ the online shopping experience in China since they moved back to New Zealand two years ago. A. had been missing B. were missing C. have been missing D. will be missing 2. 【2018年浙江卷11月】 You probably 56 (use) caffeine since childhood. Caffeine is in your first Coke. If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar, you ate caffeine. 3. 【2016年北京卷】—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for? —The new Star Wars. We ________ here for more than two hours. A. waited B. wait C. would be waiting D. have been waiting 二、阅读理解（语境学语法）选出最佳答案。 Emma has been working on her fitness for the last year. After a long period of inactivity, she realized that she needed to make a change in her lifestyle. She has been going to the gym regularly, aiming to build strength and improve her overall health. At first, it was difficult, and she has been feeling sore after almost every workout. But Emma has been determined to stick with it, and over time, she started to notice improvements in both her strength and endurance. Emma has been focusing on weight training for the past six months. She has been lifting heavier weights as her muscles grow stronger. Her personal trainer has been helping her with proper form and technique, ensuring that she doesn’t injure herself. Emma has been keeping a workout journal to track her progress, and she has been surprised at how much she has improved since she first started. Along with her workouts, she has been maintaining a balanced diet, which has also contributed to her transformation. Lately, Emma has been thinking about signing up for her first fitness competition. This is something she would never have considered a year ago, but her progress has been giving her more confidence. She has been training even harder in preparation for it, pushing herself beyond her comfort zone. Her friends and family have been noticing the positive changes in her, not just physically but mentally as well. Emma feels stronger, healthier, and more motivated than ever, and she has been looking forward to achieving even more in her fitness journey. 1. What has Emma been doing for the past six months? A. Focusing on weight training. B. Keeping a workout journal. C. Maintaining a balanced diet. D. Preparing for a competition. 2. What is the second paragraph mainly about? A. Emma’s difficulties in the beginning. B. Emma’s weight training and progress tracking. C. Emma’s diet and fitness competition. D. Emma’s mental changes and confidence. 3. What can be inferred about Emma from the passage? A. She has never felt sore after workouts. B. Her trainer helped her avoid all injuries. C. She was less confident a year ago. D. She has already signed up for a competition. 4. What is the best title for the passage? A. The Benefits of Weight Training. B. How to Keep a Workout Journal. C. Emma’s Plan for a Competition. D. Emma’s Fitness Journey and Progress. 三、听力理解（听中学语法）选出最佳答案。 1. When did Gina start going on long-distance hikes? A. From her childhood. B. From her sixties. C. From her college years. 2. What can be inferred about Gina and her husband? A. They think young people hike too slowly. B. Gina’s husband started hiking earlier than Gina. C. They often cause delays because they can’t keep up. 3. What is the main topic of the conversation? A. A couple’s long-distance hiking experience and their activities during the trip. B. Long-distance hiking has become much easier for elderly people. C. Gina and her husband prefer hiking to visiting museums. 1 / 5 ( zxxk.com )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ ( 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ) 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业08 现在完成进行时 （解析板） 一、定义 现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能刚刚结束，也可能仍在继续进行，它强调动作的持续性、未完成性或反复性。 二、构成 现在完成进行时由“助动词 have/has + been + 现在分词”构成。 肯定式：主语 + have/has been + 现在分词 否定式：主语 + have/has not been + 现在分词 疑问式：Have/Has + 主语 + been + 现在分词 现在分词的构成 现在分词由动词原形加 -ing 构成，具体规则如下： 1. 一般情况下直接加 -ing： work → working, play → playing, watch → watching 2. 以不发音的 e 结尾，去掉 e 再加 -ing： make → making, take → taking, write → writing, dance → dancing 3. 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母再加 -ing： run → running, swim → swimming, cut → cutting, begin → beginning, plan → planning, stop → stopping 4. 以 ie 结尾的动词，变 ie 为 y，再加 -ing： lie → lying, die → dying, tie → tying 5. 少数以 c 结尾的动词，先加 k 再加 -ing： panic → panicking, picnic → picnicking 注意：现在分词的变化没有改y为i再加ing的情况！ 三、基本用法 1. 表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，且可能继续下去。常与 for, since 等引导的时间状语连用，强调动作的持续长度。 She has been reading that novel for three hours. 她读那本小说已经三个小时了。（现在还在读） They have been living in this city since 2015. 他们从2015年起就一直住在这座城市。（现在仍住在这里） 2. 表示动作刚刚结束，但该动作的结果对现在产生了直接影响。往往可以从当前的情景推断出刚才在做什么。 You look tired. What have you been doing? 你看起来很累。你刚才在干什么？ Her eyes are red. She has been crying. 她眼睛红了。她刚才一直在哭。 3. 表达带有感情色彩的动作，如赞扬、不满、抱怨等。常与 always, constantly 等频度副词连用，表示频繁发生且让人有所感触。 He is so kind. He has always been helping his neighbors. 他真善良，一直都在帮助他的邻居。（赞扬） Why is the room so messy? The kids have been playing around again. 房间怎么这么乱？孩子们又在瞎闹了。（不满） 4. 表示在一段时间内反复发生的动作。 强调动作的重复性，不是一次性完成。 I have been meeting the same old lady in the park these days. 这些天我总在公园里碰到同一位老太太。 We have been trying to contact you for the whole morning. 我们整个早上一直在设法联系你。 四、常见时间状语 all day / all night / all this week, for a long time, for hours, since + 过去时间点/从句, recently, lately, these days, in/over/during the past few years, all the time, the whole morning, How long... 五、与现在完成时和过去进行时的区别 时态 概念与侧重 常用状语 例句 现在完成时 强调动作已完成，或从过去开始的状态至今存在；侧重结果、影响、次数或完成的量。 already, yet, ever, never, just, so far, for, since I have cleaned the room. It is tidy now. 我打扫过房间了，现在很整洁。(强调结果) She has written three letters this morning. 她今天早上写了三封信。(强调完成的量) 现在完成进行时 强调动作从过去持续到现在，可能仍在进行；侧重动作的持续过程、未完成性或反复性。 详见以上内容（常见时间状语） I have been cleaning the room all morning. 我整个早上都在打扫房间。(强调持续过程，可能还在扫) She has been writing letters since she got up. 她起床后就一直在写信。(强调持续，可能还没写完) 过去进行时 表示在过去某个具体时间点或时间段内正在进行的动作，与现在无关。 at 9 o’clock yesterday, when he came, this time last week I was cleaning the room when you called. 你打电话来的时候，我正在打扫房间。(过去某刻正在做) She was writing a letter at 8 p.m. yesterday. 昨晚八点她正在写信。 六、现在完成进行时使用的场合 1. 强调动作持续不断： 想说明某个动作已不间断地进行了多久。 He has been studying Japanese for ten years. 他学日语已经十年了。 2. 解释当前状况的原因： 用刚刚持续的动作来解释眼前的现象。 The ground is wet because it has been raining. 地面湿了，因为一直在下雨。 3. 带有强烈感情色彩： 表达说话人对某个持续行为的赞美或厌烦。 I’m so grateful! You have been taking good care of my plants. 太感激了！你一直悉心照料我的植物。 4. 描述近期反复发生的事： 动作在一段时间内不断重复出现。 We have been seeing more and more high-tech products lately. 最近我们见到了越来越多的高科技产品。 5. 询问持续性动作： 用 How long 进行提问，想知道某动作持续了多久。 How long have you been waiting here? 你在这儿等多久了？ 一、单项选择：选出最佳选项 1. —Why is your mother so angry? —Because my brother ______ computer games all afternoon instead of studying. A. has played B. has been playing C. was playing D. played 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：“你妈妈为什么这么生气？”“因为我弟弟整个下午都在玩电脑游戏而不是学 习。”根据时间状语 all afternoon 和语境可知，“玩”从过去持续到现在并导致了妈妈生气这一结果，强调 持续的过程，应用现在完成进行时。故选B。 2. For the past two months, our team ______ hard to prepare for the coming championship. A. is working B. had worked C. has been working D. worked 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：过去两个月，我们队一直在努力备战即将到来的锦标赛。时间状语 For the past two months 表示从两个月前持续到现在，并且可能仍在继续，应用现在完成进行时。故选C。 3. She is exhausted. She ______ her sick grandmother in the hospital for days. A. has been caring for B. has cared for C. cares for D. was caring for 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：她精疲力尽。她已经在医院连续照顾生病的奶奶好几天了。根据 for days 和现在的结果 exhausted 可知，动作发生在过去，一直延续至今，强调持续的过程，用现在完成进行时。故选A。 4. I can smell smoke here. Who ______? A. smoked B. has smoked C. was smoking D. has been smoking 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我闻到这里有烟味。刚才谁在抽烟？根据“闻到烟味”可知，抽烟的动作刚刚停止，但其结果（烟味）对现在仍有影响，强调刚刚在进行的动作，用现在完成进行时。故选D。 5. The writer ______ a new novel recently. I wonder when it will be out. A. is writing B. has been writing C. had written D. wrote 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：这位作家最近一直在写一本新小说。我想知道它什么时候出版。时间状语 recently 表示从近期到现在一直在进行，并且“我想知道”暗示还未完成，故用现在完成进行时。故选B。 6. She is very fluent in French. In fact, she ______ it since she was five. A. has been learning B. has learned C. learned D. had learned 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：她法语非常流利。事实上，她从五岁起就一直在学法语。since 引导的时间状语从句表示从过去一直持续到现在，强调不间断的持续过程，应用现在完成进行时。现在完成时 has learned 仅表结果，不能突出“持续学习”的生动性。故选A。 7. —Where have you been? We ______ for you everywhere. —Sorry, I was in the library. A. have looked B. had looked C. are looking D. have been looking 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：“你去哪儿了？我们到处在找你。”“抱歉，我在图书馆。”根据语境，“寻找”这个动作从过去开始一直延续到说话时，并且可能刚刚停止，强调持续不断，用现在完成进行时。故选D。 8. All these years, the old scientist ______ to find a cure for this disease. A. is trying B. has tried C. has been trying D. had tried 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：这些年来，这位老科学家一直在试图找到这种疾病的治疗方法。All these years 表示从过去持续到现在，并且可能还会继续，强调不懈的努力过程，用现在完成进行时最佳。故选C。 9. I ______ the book you lent me, and I’ll return it to you as soon as I finish it. A. have read B. have been reading C. read D. was reading 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我一直在读你借我的那本书，我一读完就还给你。根据后文“一读完就还”可知，书还没读完，动作仍在持续，应用现在完成进行时。故选B。 10. They ______ each other frequently since their first meeting last summer. A. have been contacting B. contacted C. had contacted D. are contacting 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：自从去年夏天第一次见面后，他们就经常联系。since 引导的时间状语从句，且 frequently 表示反复发生的动作，强调从过去至今的重复性，用现在完成进行时。故选A。 二、单句语法填空 1. Her hands are covered in paint. She __________________ (paint) the wall all the morning. 【答案】has been painting 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：她手上沾满了油漆。她整个早上都在刷墙。根据 all the morning 和现在的结果“手上有漆”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，可能刚结束，用现在完成进行时，主语是第三人称单数，故填 has been painting。 2. You finally made it! We _________________________ (wait) for your call for a whole hour. 【答案】have been waiting 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：你终于打来了！我们等了整整一个小时的电话了。for a whole hour 表示持续的时间，等待的动作一直延续到电话来之前，用现在完成进行时，填 have been waiting。 3. He ___________________________ (already, eat) three bananas since breakfast. He is really hungry today. 【答案】has already eaten 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：他从早餐到现在已经吃了三根香蕉了。他今天真的很饿。强调到目前完成的量（三根），侧重结果，应用现在完成时，already 置于 has 之后，故填 has already eaten。 4. —What were you doing at the moment the power went off? —I _________________ (type) an important document on my computer. 【答案】was typing 【解析】考查过去进行时。句意：“停电那一刻，你正在做什么？”“我正在电脑上打一份重要的文件。”问句询问过去某个具体时间点（停电瞬间）正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。故填 was typing。 5. I’m so sorry I’m late. How long ________________ you _______________ (wait) here? 【答案】have; been waiting 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：很抱歉我迟到了。你在这里等多久了？“等”的动作从过去开始，一直持续到说话时，并且可能还在等，用现在完成进行时。How long 提问，特殊疑问句，故填 have you been waiting。 6. Recently, researchers ____________________________ (develop) a new type of eco-friendly battery. 【答案】have been developing 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：最近，研究人员一直在研发一种新型环保电池。Recently 提示动作从近期开始持续到现在，且很可能还在进行中，表示持续的研发过程，用现在完成进行时，主语复数，故填 have been developing。 7. Since he moved to the city, he __________________________ (not, hear) from his old friends. 【答案】has not heard 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：自从他搬到这座城市，他就没收到过老朋友的来信。Since 引导的时间状语，主句强调从过去到现在“从未收到”这一结果，不强调持续性动作，用现在完成时。故填 has not heard。 8. The river is very muddy. It ___________________________ (rain) heavily in the mountains for days. 【答案】has been raining 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：河水非常浑浊。山区已经连续几天在下大雨了。for days 持续的时间，且导致了河水浑浊的现状，强调持续不断的过程，用现在完成进行时。故填 has been raining。 9. I ___________________________ (try) to contact the service center all day, but no one picks up the phone. 【答案】have been trying 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：我一整天都在试图联系客服中心，但没有人接电话。all day 是持续的时间状语，试图联系的动作从早上持续到现在，且反复进行，用现在完成进行时。故填 have been trying。 10. At this time last week, we ___________________________ (lie) on the beach enjoying the sunshine. 【答案】were lying 【解析】考查过去进行时。句意：上周的这个时候，我们正躺在沙滩上享受阳光。At this time last week 是明确的过去时间点，表示当时正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。故填 were lying。 三、完成句子 1. I am so sleepy because __________________________________________ (我整个晚上都在写这篇报告). 【答案】I have been writing this report all night 【解析】持续了一整夜的写作导致现在的困倦，用现在完成进行时。 2. He looks very hot. ______________________________________________________ (他一直在操场上跑). 【答案】He has been running on the playground 【解析】刚刚在跑步导致现在看起来很热，用现在完成进行时。 3. Since the project started, ________________________________________________ (我们每天都在加班). 【答案】we have been working overtime every day 【解析】项目开始至今的每天都加班，强调持续的反复动作，用现在完成进行时。 4. The students are making great progress. They ________________________________________________ (数月以来都在练习讲英语) 【答案】have been practicing speaking English for months. 【解析】for months 表示持续练习至今，是取得进步的原因，用现在完成进行时。 5. The ground is all white. It ________________________________________________ (一整夜都在下雪). 【答案】has been snowing for the whole night 【解析】下了一整夜的雪导致了地面全白，强调持续过程，用现在完成进行时。 6. _____________________________________________ (你集邮持续多久了)? Your collection is amazing. 【答案】How long have you been collecting stamps 【解析】对持续至今的爱好进行提问，用现在完成进行时。 7. She ______ always ________________________ (一直梦想) of becoming a world-class dancer. 【答案】has; been dreaming 【解析】always 表示一直怀有的梦想，带有感情色彩，用现在完成进行时。 8. Lately, more and more people ______________________________________________ (一直在重视心理健康). 【答案】have been paying attention to mental health 【解析】Lately 表示最近一段时间以来持续的趋势，用现在完成进行时。 9. I _____________________________________________ (最近一直在看这部电视剧), but I’m not finished yet. 【答案】have been watching the TV series lately 【解析】电视剧还在看，并未完成，强调持续至今但未结束，用现在完成进行时。 10. They ________________________________________________ (一直在重建这座古庙) since last spring. 【答案】have been rebuilding the old temple 【解析】since last spring 表示从那时开始一直持续到现在，可能仍在重建，用现在完成进行时。 一、句型转换: 用现在完成进行时合并句子 例： Sentence A：Tom started working on this project at 9 o’clock this morning. Sentence B：It's now 11 o’clock, and he is still working on it. 答案：→ Tom has been working on this project for two hours / since 9 o’clock this morning. 解析： 动作“工作”从上午9点开始，持续到当前（11点），并且仍在进行。现在完成进行时 has been working 强调动作的持续性。时间状语可用 for + 时间段（for two hours）或 since + 时间点（since 9 o’clock）。 原句中的两个信息（起始时间 + 当前仍持续）被合并为一个完整的现在完成进行时句子。 1. Sentence A：They began playing football at 3 p.m. Sentence B：It’s now 5 p.m., and they haven't stopped playing. → __________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：They have been playing football for two hours / since 3 p.m.. 解析：动作“踢足球”从下午3点开始，到5点已经持续了两小时，且尚未结束。现在完成进行时 have been playing 准确表达了从过去持续到现在的动作。原句中的“开始时间”和“当前仍在进行”两个信息自然融合进时态中。 2. Sentence A：It started raining last night. Sentence B：Look out the window – it is still raining now. → __________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：It has been raining since last night. 解析：雨从昨晚开始下，直到现在（看窗外时）仍在继续。用 has been raining 强调下雨这个动作的持续性和对当下的影响（地面湿、不能出门等）。since last night 明确指出了动作的起点。如果强调时间段，也可说 for + 时间段（例如 for ten hours），但原句未提供具体时长，因此 since 更合适。 3. Sentence A：She moved to this city three years ago. Sentence B：She still lives here and works at the same company. → __________________________________________________________________________________________答案：She has been living in this city for three years / since three years ago. 解析：“居住”这个状态从三年前开始，一直持续到现在（她仍住在这里）。现在完成进行时 has been living 强调状态的延续性（也可用现在完成时 has lived，但进行时更突出“一直住着”的持续感）。原句中“三年前搬来”和“现在还住在这里”合并后，用 for three years 或 since three years ago都能清晰表达时间跨度。 4. Sentence A：He learned to play the guitar when he was a teenager. Sentence B：He still practices the guitar every day now (he is 30 years old). → __________________________________________________________________________________________答案：He has been playing the guitar since he was a teenager. 解析：动作“弹吉他”从青少年时期开始，一直持续到现在的30岁，并且仍在每天练习。has been playing 强调从过去到现在的长期、重复性动作。since he was a teenager 给出了动作的起点。注意：虽然原句A用了“learned”（过去时），但合并后强调的是从学会之后一直持续的状态，因此用现在完成进行时非常自然。 二、中译英 1. 你全身都湿透了。你一直在雨里跑吗？ 【答案】You are all wet. Have you been running in the rain? 【解析】全身湿透了是现状，原因是之前一直在雨里跑，强调持续的动作，用现在完成进行时。 2. 那位作家近三年来一直在撰写一部历史小说。 【答案】The writer has been working on a historical novel for the last three years. 【解析】for the last three years 从过去持续至今，且可能还在写，强调持续的过程，用现在完成进行时。 3. 我妹妹一直在房间里练习唱歌，邻居们都来抱怨了。 【答案】My sister has been practicing singing in her room, and the neighbors have come to complain. 【解析】“一直在练”从过去持续到现在，导致邻居抱怨，强调持续且反复的动作，用现在完成进行时。 4. 他一整天都在帮我们修电脑，我们非常感激。 【答案】He has been helping us fix the computer all day, and we are very grateful. 【解析】all day 持续的时间，强调帮忙的过程和感激之情，用现在完成进行时。 5. 最近这两个月你一直都在忙些什么？ 【答案】What have you been busy with these two months? / What have you been doing these two months? 【解析】these two months 表示近期持续的时间，询问一直持续的动作，用现在完成进行时。 6. 地上都是烟头，有人一直在这里抽烟。 【答案】The floor is covered with cigarette ends. Someone has been smoking here. 【解析】现在的结果（满地烟头）揭示了刚刚一直在进行的动作，用现在完成进行时。 7. 自从买了那台相机，他就一直在到处拍照。 【答案】He has been taking photos everywhere since he bought that camera. 【解析】since 引导过去时间状语，表示从那时起持续拍照至今，用现在完成进行时。 8. 我今天早上已经洗了三车衣服了。 【答案】I have washed three loads of laundry this morning. 【解析】强调到目前完成的“三车”这个数量结果，用现在完成时。 9. 昨天下午三点，我正在图书馆准备考试。 【答案】At 3 o’clock yesterday afternoon, I was preparing for the exam in the library. 【解析】过去某个具体时间点正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。 10. 她刚回到家，现在非常累。 【答案】She has just returned home and is very tired now. 【解析】强调“回到家”这一动作的完成对现在造成的影响（人在家且很累），用现在完成时。 三、语法填空（短文） 阅读下面材料，在空格处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号中单词的正确形式。 For months, I 1 (prepare) for the school science fair. Since last spring, my partner Jake and I 2 (work) on a project about renewable energy. Every day after class, we 3 (stay) in the lab until it got dark. Jake is great; he 4 (always, encourage) me when I felt like giving up. This morning, when I arrived at the lab, Jake 5 (already, set) up all the equipment. I was moved. We 6 (collect) useful data over the past few weeks, and now we finally have a complete model to present. However, one part of our model still 7 (not, function) well, so we 8 (try) to fix it for the last two hours. Our teacher, Mrs. Green, came by just now. She said, “Wow, you two 9 (make) incredible progress!” She looked at our notebook and asked, “How long have you recording these figures?” We told her it 10 (take) us nearly a month. She smiled and wished us good luck. 【答案】 1. have been preparing 2. have been working 3. have been staying / stayed 4. has always been encouraging 5. had already set 6. have been collecting / have collected 7. doesn’t function / isn’t functioning 8. have been trying 9. have made 10. had taken 【解析】 1. have been preparing：句意：几个月来，我一直在为学校的科学展做准备。For months 表示从过去持续到现在的准备过程，应用现在完成进行时，主语 I 故填 have been preparing。 2. have been working：句意：从去年春天开始，我和搭档杰克就一直在做一个可再生能源项目。Since last spring 是标志，强调一直持续到现在的合作，用现在完成进行时。 3. have been staying / stayed：句意：每天课后，我们都在实验室待到天黑。描述从过去到现在反复发生的日常动作，既可以用现在完成进行时表示持续的习惯，也可以用过去时表示过去每天的习惯，但上下文强调一直持续到现在，用 have been staying 更佳。本空若理解为过去单纯叙事，stayed 也合理，但结合下文，现在完成进行时更贴切。此处采用 have been staying。 4. has always been encouraging：句意：杰克很了不起；每当我想要放弃的时候，他总是一直在鼓励我。always 与现在完成进行时连用，表达强烈的赞扬色彩，表示始终如一的持续鼓励。 5. had already set：句意：今天早上我到实验室时，杰克已经把所有设备都架好了。arrived 是过去时，“架好设备”在其之前完成，表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。 6. have been collecting / have collected：句意：过去几周我们一直在收集有用的数据，现在终于有了完整模型。over the past few weeks 可用现在完成进行时强调持续收集的过程，也可用现在完成时强调已收集到一些数据的完成结果，两者皆可。 7. doesn’t function / isn’t functioning：句意：然而，模型的一部分仍无法正常工作。描述当前状态，用一般现在时或现在进行时均可。 8. have been trying：句意：因此过去两个小时我们一直在尝试修理它。for the last two hours 表示持续到现在，用现在完成进行时。 9. have made：句意：哇，你们两个取得了不可思议的进步！老师直接引语，评价从过去到现在取得的成果，强调完成的结果，用现在完成时。 10. had taken：句意：我们告诉她花了我们近一个月。“告诉（told）”已是“过去”，之前“先花近一个月”应该用过去完成时。 一、真题再现 1. 【2024年天津卷第一次】The Smiths _________ the online shopping experience in China since they moved back to New Zealand two years ago. A. had been missing B. were missing C. have been missing D. will be missing 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：自从两年前搬回新西兰以来，史密斯一家一直很怀念在中国的网购体验。由since引导的时间状语从句可知，主句应该用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。结合选项可知，A选项为过去完成进行时；B选项为过去进行时；C选项为现在完成进行时；D选项为将来进行时。故选C。 2. 【2018年浙江卷11月】 You probably 56 (use) caffeine since childhood. Caffeine is in your first Coke. If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar, you ate caffeine. 56．考查时态语态。句中时间状语since childhood和现在完成时连用，此处指你可能从小就摄入咖啡因，表示动作从过去开始持续到现在或动作一直在进行，用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。故填have used/ have been using。 3. 【2016年北京卷】—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for? —The new Star Wars. We ________ here for more than two hours. A. waited B. wait C. would be waiting D. have been waiting 【答案】D 【解析】题目考查时态。句意：——打扰了，你们在等哪一部电影？——《星球大战》，我们已经在这儿等了两个多小时了。＂for+时间段＂与完成时连用，根据语境可知，说话的时候仍然在等，因此用现在完成进行时，故选D。 二、阅读理解（语境学语法）选出最佳答案。 Emma has been working on her fitness for the last year. After a long period of inactivity, she realized that she needed to make a change in her lifestyle. She has been going to the gym regularly, aiming to build strength and improve her overall health. At first, it was difficult, and she has been feeling sore after almost every workout. But Emma has been determined to stick with it, and over time, she started to notice improvements in both her strength and endurance. Emma has been focusing on weight training for the past six months. She has been lifting heavier weights as her muscles grow stronger. Her personal trainer has been helping her with proper form and technique, ensuring that she doesn’t injure herself. Emma has been keeping a workout journal to track her progress, and she has been surprised at how much she has improved since she first started. Along with her workouts, she has been maintaining a balanced diet, which has also contributed to her transformation. Lately, Emma has been thinking about signing up for her first fitness competition. This is something she would never have considered a year ago, but her progress has been giving her more confidence. She has been training even harder in preparation for it, pushing herself beyond her comfort zone. Her friends and family have been noticing the positive changes in her, not just physically but mentally as well. Emma feels stronger, healthier, and more motivated than ever, and she has been looking forward to achieving even more in her fitness journey. 1. What has Emma been doing for the past six months? A. Focusing on weight training. B. Keeping a workout journal. C. Maintaining a balanced diet. D. Preparing for a competition. 正确答案：A 解析：细节理解题。 第二段第一句明确写道：“Emma has been focusing on weight training for the past six months.” 选项 A 与此完全一致。B（写训练日记）是她同时在做的事情，但不是题目问的“过去六个月一直在做的”核心活动，原文中写日记是辅助行为，且没有时间限定为六个月。C（保持均衡饮食）也在第二段末尾提到，但同样不是过去六个月的主要描述对象。D（准备比赛）是最近（lately）才开始考虑的事情，并非持续六个月。 2. What is the second paragraph mainly about? A. Emma’s difficulties in the beginning. B. Emma’s weight training and progress tracking. C. Emma’s diet and fitness competition. D. Emma’s mental changes and confidence. 正确答案：B 解析：段落大意题。 第二段围绕两个核心内容：① Emma 过去六个月专注于重量训练（focusing on weight training, lifting heavier weights, personal trainer 帮助）；② 她通过写训练日记追踪进步（keeping a workout journal, surprised at how much she has improved）。选项 B 准确概括。A（开始的困难）出现在第一段，不是第二段主旨。C（饮食和比赛）饮食在本段仅一句话，比赛在第三段，不是本段重点。D（心理变化和信心）主要在第三段描述。 3. What can be inferred about Emma from the passage? A. She has never felt sore after workouts. B. Her trainer helped her avoid all injuries. C. She was less confident a year ago. D. She has already signed up for a competition. 正确答案：C 解析：判断推理题。推理依据：第三段说“Lately, Emma has been thinking about signing up for her first fitness competition. This is something she never would have considered a year ago”，一年前她不会考虑参加比赛，说明当时的信心不足。因此可以推断她一年前不如现在自信。A 与原文相反：第一段明确说“she has been feeling sore after almost every workout”。B 过度推断：教练帮助她确保不受伤（ensuring that she doesn’t injure herself），但不等于“避免了所有伤害”，且“all”过于绝对。D 与原文矛盾：她只是在考虑（thinking about signing up），尚未报名。 4. What is the best title for the passage? A. The Benefits of Weight Training. B. How to Keep a Workout Journal. C. Emma’s Plan for a Competition. D. Emma’s Fitness Journey and Progress. 正确答案：D 解析：文章标题题。全文从 Emma 一年前开始健身，到过去六个月的力量训练，再到最近考虑比赛，贯穿始终的是她的健身历程与进步（包括身体和心理的变化）。选项 D 准确覆盖全文主旨。A（重量训练的好处）过于狭窄，全文还讲了饮食、日记、比赛、信心等。 B（如何写训练日记）只是文中一个细节，不能作为标题。C（比赛计划）仅出现在第三段，且她尚未决定报名，不能概括全文。 三、听力理解（听中学语法）选出最佳答案。 1. When did Gina start going on long-distance hikes? A. From her childhood. B. From her sixties. C. From her college years. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。对话中 Gina 明确回答：“Since I was in college.”（从大学开始），因此 C 正确。选项 A “从童年开始” 是 Gina 丈夫的情况（My husband has been hiking since he was a child），属于张冠李戴。选项 B “从六十多岁开始” 错误地将她当前的年龄（now in my sixties）当作起始时间。 2. What can be inferred about Gina and her husband? A. They think young people hike too slowly. B. Gina’s husband started hiking earlier than Gina. C. They often cause delays because they can’t keep up. 答案：B 解析：判断推理题。推理依据：丈夫“since he was a child”，Gina“since I was in college”。孩子通常早于大学，因此可以推断丈夫开始徒步的时间更早，B 正确。 选项 A 错误：Gina 说“we have been working harder to keep up with the younger people”，说明年轻人可能更快或至少不慢，并没有认为他们“太慢”。选项 C 错误：Gina 明确说“I don’t think we have caused any problems or delays”，直接否定造成延误。 3. What is the main topic of the conversation? A. A couple’s long-distance hiking experience and their activities during the trip. B. Long-distance hiking has become much easier for elderly people. C. Gina and her husband prefer hiking to visiting museums. 答案：A 解析：主旨大意题。对话从询问徒步历史开始，接着讨论当前感受（easier or more difficult），询问旅途是否愉快，最后询问在镇上的活动（visiting museums and taking tours）。整体围绕“这对夫妇的徒步经历 + 旅途中的活动”，选项 A 准确概括。 选项 B 错误：对话中没有说徒步变得“容易多了”，反而提到“working harder”，因此无法得出此主旨。选项 C 错误：对话同时提到徒步和参观博物馆，但没有任何比较或偏好的表达。 录音文字材料 Sasha: How long have you been going on long-distance hikes? Gina: Since I was in college. And I’m now in my sixties. My husband has been hiking since he was a child. Sasha: Has it been getting easier or more difficult for you to hike long distances these days? Gina: Well, I’d say that lately we have been working harder to keep up with the younger people on the hikes, but I don’t think we have caused any problems or delays! Sasha: Have you been enjoying yourselves on the trip so far? Gina: Oh, yes. We have had a wonderful time. Sasha: So what have you been doing during your stay here in town? Gina: Well, we have been visiting museums and taking tours of the major sights. 1 / 5 ( zxxk.com )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $How long have you been going on long, distant hikes . since I was in college and i'm now in my sixties? My husband has been hiking since he was a child. Has IT been getting easier or more difficult for you to high long distances these days? Well, i'd say that lately we have been working harder to keep up with the Younger people on the hikes, but I don't think we have caused any problems or delays. Have you been enjoying yourselves on . the trip so far? Oh yes, we have had a wonderful time. So what have you been doing during your stay here in town? Well, we have been visiting museums and taking tours of the major sites.