精品解析：天津市河东区第八中学2025-2026学年第二学期高一年级第二次大单元英语试题

天津市第八中学2025--2026学年第二学期高一年级英语学科 第二次大单元练习 时间： 90 分钟；满分 100 分 注意事项： 1. 答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2. 请将答案正确填写在答题卡上 第一部分 听力理解（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） 第一节 听下面 4 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。 1. When did the man visit the National Park? A. Last September. B. Last December. C. This July. 2. What does the woman think of Olivia? A. She is quiet. B. She is sociable. C. She is talkative. 3. What will the man do this Tuesday? A. Attend an interview. B. Meet his doctor. C. Deliver a speech. 4. What is the man's chief consideration in choosing the cottage? A. Its location. B. Its comfort. C. Its facilities. 第二节 听下面对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从所听到的内容中获取信息，回答相应小题。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 5. What is the man's attitude towards his job? A. He is tired of the same old routine. B. He is curious about his job prospect. C. He is enthusiastic about this demanding job. 6. How old is the man? A. 25. B. 40. C. 65. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 7. What do the speakers mainly talk about? A. Smart cities. B. Information safety. C. Energy production. 8. Which is among the man's research focuses? A. Data management. B. Equality promotion. C. Traffic release. 9. What does the man mean in the end? A. Personal information can be secured. B. Greater security can be achieved. C. Data leakage will never happen. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 10. How many parcels are expected to be delivered this year? A. 30.8 billion. B. 83 billion. C. 95.5 billion. 11. What will be done to encourage greener packaging? A. All packages will be wrapped only once. B. 2,000 boxes recycle stations will be built. C. New energy vehicles will be used to deliver packages. 12. What is on the list? A. The wrapping products. B. The locations of recycle stations. C. The types of new energy vehicles. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 13. What does ASO - S mainly do? A. Do solar observation. B. Study Earth's atmosphere. C. Make weather forecasting. 14. How long will ASO - S stay in orbit at least? A. Four years. B. Forty hours. C. Seventy years. 15. Why is ASO - S so meaningful? A. It can block the sun's radiation. B. It may fill China's gap in the field. C. It is the first solar satellite globally 二、单项选择（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 1. —Our school will hold a poetry competition next month. Will you participate in it? —________. It is too good a chance to miss. A. It depends B. You bet C. So far so good D. Got it 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查交际用语。句意：— 我们学校下个月将举办诗歌比赛，你要参加吗？— 当然。这么好的机会不容错过。A. It depends看情况而定；B. You bet当然/毫无疑问；C. So far so good目前为止一切顺利；D. Got it明白了。根据下文“It is too good a chance to miss.”可知，表示强烈肯定，与“不容错过”逻辑一致。故选B。 2. The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct in applying for a visa. A. declaration B. exhibition C. procedure D. treatment 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位官员坚持认为迈克尔在申请签证时没有遵循正确的程序。A. declaration声明；B. exhibition展览；C. procedure程序，流程；D. treatment治疗。根据in applying for a visa可知，此处指的是申请签证的流程或程序。故选C项。 3. Our plane was delayed and the airport staff arranged accommodation for us. A. temporary B. contemporary C. long-term D. further 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们的飞机误点了，机场工作人员为我们安排了临时住宿。A. temporary临时的；B. contemporary当代的；C. long-term长期的；D. further更远的。根据上文“Our plane was delayed”指安排临时住宿。故选A。 4. If you think about other people’s feelings as well as your own, you’ll soon find everything _______. A. turns out B. runs out C. works out D. brings out 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果你既考虑自己的感受，也考虑别人的感受，你很快会发现一切都能顺利解决。A. turns out结果是；B. runs out用完；C. works out解决，进展顺利；D. brings out使显现。根据句意和If you think about other people’s feelings as well as your own可知，这里指考虑到别人感受后你会发现一切进展顺利。故选C项。 5. When ________ the opportunity to study abroad, she didn’t hesitate for a second and immediately accepted it. A. offered B. offering C. to be offered D. to offer 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：当被提供出国留学的机会时，她没有丝毫犹豫，立刻接受了。在when引导的时间状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语包含be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。本句主句主语为she，与动词offer之间是被动关系，即“被提供”，完整的从句为“When she was offered...”，省略主语she和be动词was后，保留过去分词offered。 6. Wang Wei decided to _______ Han Gan who used a stick to draw pictures in the dirt to study painting and recommended him to a master. A. claim B. sponsor C. obtain D. confirm 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：王维决定资助用棍子在泥土上画画的韩干学习绘画，并把他推荐给一位大师。A. claim声称；B. sponsor资助；C. obtain获得；D. confirm确认。根据Han Gan who used a stick to draw pictures in the dirt to study painting and recommended him to a master可知，此处指的是资助。故选B项。 7. When he first moved to the city as a young man, he had no idea that a chance encounter with a street artist _______the course of his life. A. had changed B. changed C. was changing D. was to change 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：当他作为一个年轻人第一次搬到这座城市时，他不知道与街头艺术家的偶然相遇会改变他的生活。空处为从句谓语动词，主句he had no idea为一般过去时，从句的谓语“改变”还未发生，即站在过去看将来要发生的事情，应用过去将来时。故选D。 8. Experts say this bad weather has occurred_______ climate change, which makes me feel nervous. A. in spite of B. due to C. regardless of D. far from 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：专家说这种坏天气是由于气候变化造成的，这让我感到紧张。A. in spite of尽管；B. due to由于，因为；C. regardless of不管，不顾；D. far from远非。结合句意可知，气候变化是坏天气出现的原因，二者是因果关系，due to符合语境。故选B。 9. —Why haven’t you hand in the report on time?—My laptop_______at the service center. A. has repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. will be repaired 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：——你为什么没有按时交报告？——我的笔记本电脑正在服务中心修理。根据Why haven’t you hand in the report on time?可知，应用现在进行时，根据动词repair与主语laptop之间存在被动关系，笔记本电脑正在服务中心被修理，应用现在进行时的被动语态。故选C项。 10. 3D printing is not just humans who are benefiting — in Brazil, a new 3D- printed shell _______to a turtle injured in a forest fire so far. A. is given B. has given C. was given D. has been given 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：3D打印不仅仅是人类受益——在巴西，一个新的3D打印外壳已经被送给了一只在森林火灾中受伤的乌龟。根据时间状语so far可知，此处描述过去动作对现在造成的结果，应用现在完成时。动词give与主语a new 3D- printed shell之间存在被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主谓一致，故选D项。 11. The broken traffic light ________ by the city workers, causing a small traffic jam. A. is fixed B. is fixing C. is being fixed D. fix 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：市政工作人员正在维修损坏的交通信号灯，这导致了短暂的交通堵塞。A. is fixed被修理（一般现在时被动）；B. is fixing正在修理（现在进行时）；C. is being fixed正在被修理（现在进行时被动语态）；D. fix修理（一般现在时）。此空在句中作谓语动词，主语“The broken traffic light”与动词“fix(修理)”之间为被动关系，同时结合后文语境“causing a small traffic jam(造成了轻微的交通堵塞)”可推知，动作正在进行，因此用现在进行时的被动语态，谓语动词为“be being done”，主语为单数，be动词用is。故选C项。 12. The waiter told me that a table by the window________available after 20 minutes. A. is B. will be C. would be D. has been 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：服务员告诉我，20 分钟后会有一张靠窗的桌子空出来。句子主句的谓语动词是told（过去式），表明整体语境为过去时态。宾语从句中“20 分钟后靠窗的桌子会有空位”这一动作发生在“告知”之后，属于过去视角下的“将来”，因此需用过去将来时would be。故选C项。 13. The room________ by my sister, so it looks much brighter now. A. has painted B. painted C. has been painted D. was painted 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这个房间已经被我姐姐粉刷过了，所以现在看起来明亮多了。此空考查谓语动词，The room与paint为被动关系，再由so it looks much brighter now可知，这里时态应用现在完成时，强调动作对现在的影响。故选C项。 14. Have you seen the school’s new library? ________ how big and modern it is. A. Get a load of B. Catch a breath of C. Steal a moment of D. Show a sign of 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：你见过学校的新图书馆吗？好好看看它有多大、多么现代化吧。A. Get a load of看一看；B. Catch a breath of深吸一口气；C. Steal a moment of偷得片刻的宁静；D. Show a sign of表现出某种迹象。根据后文“how big and modern it is”可知，此处指看一看图书馆。故选A。 15. — Lisa has decided to give up her job. — . Her job is what we’re dreaming of. A. She can’t be serious B. No wonder C. It’s great D. No bother 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——Lisa已经决定放弃她的工作了。——她不可能是认真的吧。她的工作正是我们梦寐以求的。A. She can’t be serious她不可能是认真的； B. No wonder难怪； C. It’s great太棒了；D. No bother不麻烦。根据题干“Lisa has decided to give up her job.(Lisa已经决定放弃她的工作了)”以及“Her job is what we're dreaming of.(她的工作正是我们梦寐以求的)”可知，说话者对Lisa放弃工作的决定感到惊讶，认为她的工作是很好的，因此不太可能认真考虑放弃。故选A。 三、完形填空(共20小题,每小题1分, 满分20分) Recently I heard a story about a famous scientist who had made several important medical discoveries. He was being ____16____ by a newspaper reporter who asked him why he was able to be so much more ____17____ than the common people. He responded that it all came from an ____18____ with his mother when he was a child. He had been trying to ____19____ a bottle of milk from the shelf when it fell, ____20____ its contents all over the kitchen floor. When his mother came into the kitchen, instead of ____21____ him, she said, “Robert, what a great and wonderful ____22____ you have made! I have seldom seen such a real sea of milk. Well, the ____23____ has already been done. Would you like to: get down and ____24____ in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up?” Indeed, he ____25____. After a few minutes, his mother said, “You know, Robert, whenever you make a trouble like this, ____26____ you’ll have to clean it up and restore (复原) everything to its proper ____27____. So, how would you like to do that? We could use a sponge (海绵) or a mop. Which do you ____28____?” He chose the sponge and together they cleaned up the milk. His mother then said, “Let’s go out and ____29____ the bottle with water and see if you can ____30____ a way to carry it without ____31____ it.” The little boy learned that if he ____32____ the bottle at the top near the edge with both hands, he could carry it well. What a wonderful ____33____! It was at that moment that the scientist knew he didn’t need to be afraid to make ____34____. Instead, he learned that they were just ____35____ for learning something new. 16. A. praised B. interviewed C. celebrated D. discussed 17. A. famous B. enthusiastic C. creative D. respectable 18. A. invention B. experiment C. idea D. experience 19. A. remove B. bring C. settle D. put 20. A. covering B. leaving C. drinking D. flowing 21. A. encouraging B. asking C. punishing D. persuading 22. A. use B. achievement C. picture D. trouble 23. A. damage B. research C. business D. favor 24. A. play B. think C. cry D. stand 25. A. refused B. did C. listened D. feared 26. A. gradually B. patiently C. finally D. immediately 27. A. value B. form C. shelf D. order 28. A. find B. clean C. prefer D. accept 29. A. fill B. weigh C. mix D. float 30. A. lead B. discover C. change D. improve 31. A. losing B. touching C. breaking D. dropping 32. A. replaced B. shared C. washed D. held 33. A. performance B. method C. lesson D. action 34. A. promises B. mistakes C. guesses D. decisions 35. A. chances B. teachers C. directions D. instructions 【答案】16. B 17. C 18. D 19. A 20. B 21. C 22. D 23. A 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位科学家小时候因打翻牛奶，母亲正确引导让他不惧犯错、勇于探索的经历。 【16题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他正在接受一位报纸记者的采访，记者问他为什么能够比普通人更有创造力。A. praised表扬；B. interviewed采访；C. celebrated庆祝；D. discussed讨论。根据后文“by a newspaper reporter who asked him why he was able to be so much more”可知，此处指接受记者的采访，应用interview。故选B。 【17题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他正在接受一位报纸记者的采访，记者问他为什么能够比普通人更有创造力。A. famous出名的；B. enthusiastic热情的；C. creative有创造力的；D. respectable值得尊敬的。根据后文“than the common people.”以及后文提到科学家通过小时候的经历学到了不害怕犯错，可推知，此处指记者问科学家为什么能够比普通人更有创造力。故选C。 【18题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他回答说，这一切都源于他小时候和母亲的一次经历。A. invention发明；B. experiment实验；C. idea想法；D. experience经历。根据后文“with his mother when he was a child”可知，此处指科学家小时候和母亲的一次经历。故选D。 【19题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他正试图从架子上拿下一瓶牛奶，这时瓶子掉了，牛奶洒得厨房地板到处都是。A. remove移开，拿开；B. bring带来；C. settle解决；D. put放置。根据后文“a bottle of milk from the shelf”可知，此处指试图从架子上拿下一瓶牛奶，应用remove。故选A。 【20题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他正试图从架子上拿下一瓶牛奶，这时瓶子掉了，牛奶洒得厨房地板到处都是。A. covering覆盖；B. leaving离开，使处于某种状态；C. drinking喝；D. flowing流动。根据后文“its contents all over the kitchen floor”可知，牛奶洒了之后会留在地板上。故选B。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他的母亲走进厨房时，她没有惩罚他，而是说：“罗伯特，你制造了一个多么棒的麻烦啊！”A. encouraging鼓励；B. asking询问；C. punishing惩罚；D. persuading说服。根据后文“she said”以及母亲说的话可知，母亲没有惩罚孩子，而是用另一种方式引导孩子。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. use使用；B. achievement成就；C. picture图片；D. trouble麻烦。根据后文“you’ll have to clean it up and restore everything to its proper ____ .”可知，此处指孩子制造了一个麻烦。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：嗯，损害已经造成了。A. damage损害；B. research研究；C. business生意；D. favor帮助。根据前文“its contents all over the kitchen floor”以及后文“has already been done”可知，此处指牛奶洒了一地，损害已经造成了。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们清理之前，你愿意下来在牛奶里玩几分钟吗？A. play玩耍；B. think思考；C. cry哭泣；D. stand站立。根据后文“in the milk for a few minutes”以及母亲引导孩子积极面对错误可知，此处指母亲让孩子在牛奶里玩几分钟。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他确实这么做了。A. refused拒绝；B. did做；C. listened听；D. feared害怕。根据后文“After a few minutes, his mother said”可知，孩子按照母亲说的在牛奶里玩了几分钟，即他确实这么做了。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：你知道，罗伯特，每当你制造这样的麻烦时，最终你都得把它清理干净，把一切恢复原样。A. gradually逐渐地；B. patiently耐心地；C. finally最终；D. immediately立即。根据后文“you’ll have to clean it up and restore everything to its proper ____ ”可知，此处指闯祸后最终需要清理。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你知道，罗伯特，每当你制造这样的麻烦时，最终你都得把它清理干净，把一切恢复原样。A. value价值；B. form形式；C. shelf架子；D. order顺序，状态。根据前文“restore everything to its proper”以及后文提到母亲和孩子一起清理牛奶，可知此处指把一切恢复原样，应用order。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们可以用海绵或拖把。你更喜欢哪一个？A. find找到；B. clean清理；C. prefer更喜欢；D. accept接受。根据前文“We could use a sponge or a mop.”可知，母亲给出了两种清理工具，问孩子更喜欢哪一个。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们出去把瓶子装满水，看看你能不能发现一种不把瓶子掉下来的搬运方法。A. fill装满；B. weigh称重；C. mix混合；D. float漂浮。根据后文“the bottle with water”可知，此处指把瓶子装满水。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们出去把瓶子装满水，看看你能不能发现一种不把瓶子掉下来的携带方法。A. lead带领；B. discover发现；C. change改变；D. improve改善。根据后文“a way to carry it without ____ it”可知，这里指尝试找到一种新方法来避免再次打翻瓶子。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. losing丢失；B. touching触碰；C. breaking打破；D. dropping掉落。根据前文“carry it without”以及前文孩子把牛奶瓶掉下来的经历可知，此处指为了避免重复事故，需要找到防止掉落的方法。故选D。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：小男孩了解到，如果他用双手握住瓶子顶部靠近边缘的地方，他就能很好地携带它。A. replaced取代；B. shared分享；C. washed洗；D. held握住。根据后文“the bottle at the top near the edge with both hands”可知，这里指的是正确握持瓶子的方式。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：多么精彩的一课啊！A. performance表现；B. method方法；C. lesson课程，教训；D. action行动。根据前文“The little boy learned that”以及母亲引导孩子积极面对错误，并从错误中学习的过程可知，此处指这是一堂精彩的课，孩子从中学到了很多。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在那一刻，科学家知道他不需要害怕犯错。A. promises承诺；B. mistakes错误；C. guesses猜测；D. decisions决定。根据前文“whenever you make a trouble like this”以及前文孩子把牛奶瓶掉下来的经历可知，此处指科学家知道他不需要害怕犯错。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，他了解到它们只是学习新东西的机会。A. chances机会；B. teachers老师；C. directions方向；D. instructions说明。根据后文“for learning something new”以及前文科学家从错误中学到东西的经历可知，此处指错误为学习提供了机会。故选A。 四、阅读理解： (共 10 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 25 分) A The Public Transport Fares in New York On our website, you can find out how much it costs to ride the subway, bus, Long Island Rail Road, and Metro-North in the New York area. ★ Subways and buses ●Fare for most riders on subways and local, limited, and Select Bus Service buses:$2.85. ●Express buses cost $6.85. More information about subway and bus fares ●Riding the subway costs $2.85 for most riders. People with disabilities or who are 65 or older are qualified for a reduced fare. ●An unlimited ride MetroCard can save you money. It gives you unlimited rides for a certain length of time. ●MetroCards cost $1. All cards except for the Single Ride card are refillable (可充值的). ●Up to three children under 44 inches tall ride for free when they are with a fare-paying adult. ●You pay the fare at turnstiles (旋转闸门) before you aboard the train. You don’t have to do anything afterwards. ★ Railroads: LIRR (Long Island Rail Road) and Metro-North ●Fares vary based on when and where you are travelling. ●Buying tickets on your phone is the most convenient option. More information about railroad fares ●Peak (高峰的) fares are charged during business rush hours on any weekday train scheduled to arrive in New York City terminals between 6 a.m. and 10 a.m. or depart New York City terminals between 4 p.m. and 8 p.m. On Metro-North trains, peak fares also apply to travel on any weekday train that leaves Grand Central Station between 6 a.m. and 9 a.m. ●Off-peak fares are charged at all other times on weekdays, all day on Saturday and Sunday, and on holidays. ●Use our trip planner to find fare information. Get schedules and directions and see whether a trip is during peak or off-peak hours. 36. How much might a subway trip cost a 68-year-old man with two children under 44 inches tall? A. $2.35. B. $2.85. C. $5.70. D. $6.85. 37. For what train trip are peak fares charged? A. A weekday train leaving Grand Central Station at 10 pm. B. A weekday train leaving Grand Central Station at 7 am. C. A weekday train departing New York City terminals at 9 pm. D. A weekday train departing New York City terminals at 8:30 am. 38. Why should people read the trip planner? A. To know special offers. B. To leave your advice. C. To check fare information. D. To book a train ticket. 【答案】36. A 37. B 38. C 【解析】 【导语】本文属于应用文。文章主要介绍了纽约地铁、公交车和铁路等公共交通乘坐费用情况，还涉及地铁及公交费减免情况和铁路交通高峰期的时间和车费。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据More information about subway and bus fares部分中“Riding the subway costs $2.85 for most riders. People with disabilities or who are 65 or older are qualified for a reduced fare.(对大多数乘客来说，乘坐地铁的费用是2.85美元。残疾人士或65岁以上的老年人可享受优惠票价)”和“Up to three children under 44 inches tall ride for free when they are with a fare-paying adult.(最多3名身高44英寸以下的儿童可以免费乘坐，只要他们有一个付费的成人陪伴)”可知一位68岁男子带着身高44英寸以下的孩子需要付的车费低于$2.85。故选A。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据More information about railroad fare部分中“On Metro-North trains, peak fares also apply to travel on any weekday train that leaves Grand Central Station between 6 a.m. and 9 a.m.(地铁北线列车的高峰票价也适用于工作日早上6点至9点之间从中央车站出发的任何列车)”可知，在上午七点离开Grand Central车站属于交通高峰期。故选B。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据本文最后一段“Use our trip planner to find fare information. Get schedules and directions and see whether a trip is during peak or off-peak hours.(使用我们的旅行计划来查找票价信息。了解行程和方向，看看旅行是在高峰时间还是非高峰时间)”可知，通过行程规划可以找到费用信息。故选C。 B At my first lesson in Chinese calligraphy, my teacher told me plainly: “Now I will teach you how to write your name. And to make it beautiful.” I felt my breath catch. I was curious. Growing up in Singapore, I had an unusual relationship with my Chinese name. My parents are ethnically Chinese, so they asked fortune tellers to decide my name, aiming for maximum luck. As a result, I ended up with a nonsense and embarrassing name: Chen Yiwen, meaning, roughly, “old”, “barley (薏米)” and “warm”. When I arrived in America for college at 18, I put on an American accent and abandoned my Chinese name. When I moved to Hong Kong in 2021, after 14 years in the States, I decided to learn calligraphy. Why not get back in touch with my heritage? I thought. In calligraphy, the idea is to copy the old masters’ techniques, thereby refining your own. Every week, though, my teacher would give uncomfortably on-the-nose assessments of my person. “You need to be braver,” he once observed. “Have confidence. Try to produce a bold stroke(笔画).” For years, I had prided myself on presenting an image of confidence, but my writing betrayed me. I was trying to make sense of this practice. You must visualize the word as it is to be written and leave a trace of yourself in it. As a bodily practice, calligraphy could go beyond its own cultural restrictions. Could it help me go beyond mine? My teacher once said to me, “When you look at the word, you see the body. Though a word on the page is two-dimensional, it contains multitudes, conveying the force you’ve applied, the energy of your grip, the arch of your spine.” I had been learning calligraphy to get in touch with my cultural roots, but what I was really seeking was a return to myself. Now I have sensed that the pleasure out of calligraphy allows me to know myself more fully. During a recent lesson, my teacher pointed at the word I had just finished, telling me: “This word is much better. I can see the choices you made, your calculations, your flow. Trust yourself. This word is yours.” He might as well have said, “This word is you.” 39. What did the author initially think of her name “Chen Yiwen”? A. It was lucky so she gladly accepted it. B. She felt proud of its symbolic meaning. C. She understood the intention but still disliked it. D. Its strange pronunciation made her embarrassed. 40. The author decided to learn calligraphy to ______. A. pick up a new hobby B. reconnect with her origin C. gain insights into a new culture D. fit in with local community 41. From the teacher’s words, the author learns that calligraphy ______. A. reflects the creator’s spirits B. comes from creative energy C. highlights the design of strokes D. depends on continuous practice 42. What does the author intend to tell us? A. Appreciate what our culture offers. B. Find beauty from your inner self. C. A great teacher leads you to truth. D. We are the sum of what we create. 【答案】39. C 40. B 41. A 42. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。这篇文章主要讲述了作者学习中国书法的经历和感悟，包括初次接触书法时的情景，名字的由来，在美国放弃中文名，回到香港学习书法的原因，老师对自己的评价，以及通过书法对自身的思考和认识等。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“My parents are ethnically Chinese, so they asked fortune tellers to decide my name, aiming for maximum luck. As a result, I ended up with a nonsense and embarrassing name: Chen Yiwen, meaning, roughly, “old”, “barley (薏米)” and “warm”.( 我的父母是华裔，所以他们请算命先生给我取名字，希望能给我带来最大的好运。于是，我给自己取了一个毫无意义又尴尬的名字：陈薏温，意思大致是“陈旧”、“薏米”、“温暖”)”可知， 作者认为自己的名字“Chen Yi wen”是无意义且令人尴尬的，虽然父母是为了追求最大的运气才取这个名字，但她还是不喜欢。故选C。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“When I moved to Hong Kong in 2021, after 14 years in the States, I decided to learn calligraphy. Why not get back in touch with my heritage? I thought.(当我在美国生活了14年后，于2021年搬到香港时，我决定学习书法。为什么不跟我的传统联系一下呢？我想)”可知，作者决定学习书法是为了重新接触自己的文化根源。故选B。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“During a recent lesson, my teacher pointed at the word I had just finished, telling me: “This word is much better. I can see the choices you made, your calculations, your flow. Trust yourself. This word is yours.” He might as well have said, “This word is you.”(在最近的一次课上，老师指着我刚完成的字对我说：“这个字好多了。我能看到你所做的选择，你的计算，你的心流。相信自己。这个词是你的。”他还不如说：“这个字就是你。”)”可推知，从老师的话中，作者了解到书法反映了创作者的精神。故选A。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，特别是根据最后一段“During a recent lesson, my teacher pointed at the word I had just finished, telling me: “This word is much better. I can see the choices you made, your calculations, your flow. Trust yourself. This word is yours.” He might as well have said, “This word is you.”(在最近的一次课上，老师指着我刚完成的字对我说：“这个字好多了。我能看到你所做的选择，你的计算，你的心流。相信自己。这个词是你的。”他还不如说：“这个字就是你。”)”可知，作者最初学习书法是为了 “接触文化遗产（get back in touch with my heritage）”，但过程中逐渐意识到 “what I was really seeking was a return to myself（我真正寻求的是回归自我）”，最终感悟到 “the pleasure out of calligraphy allows me to know myself more fully（书法带来的乐趣让我更全面地了解自己）”。老师最后评价她的字 “this word is yours（这个字是你的）”，暗指 “字如其人”，作者通过书法探索自我、发现内在的价值与美好。故选B。 C Imagine this. You need an image of a balloon for a work presentation and turn to an AI text-to-image generator, like Midjourney or DALL-E, to create a suitable image. You enter the prompt (提示词) “red balloon against a blue sky” but the generator returns an image of an egg instead. What’s going on? The generator you’re using may have been “poisoned”. What does this mean? Text-to-image generators work by being trained on large datasets that include millions or billions of images. Some of the generators have been trained by indiscriminately (任意地) scraping online images, many of which may be under copyright. This has led to many copyright infringement (侵害) cases where artists have accused big tech companies of stealing and profiting from their work. This is also where the idea of “poison” comes in. Researchers who want to empower individual artists have recently created a tool named “Nightshade” to fight back against unauthorized image scraping. The tool works by slightly altering an image’s pixels (像素) in a way that confuses the computer vision system but leaves the image unaltered to a human’s eyes. If an organization then scrapes one of these images to train a future AI model, its data pool becomes “poisoned”. This can result in mistaken learning, which makes the generator return unintended results. As in our earlier example, a balloon might become an egg. The higher the number of “poisoned” images in the training data, the greater the impact. Because of how generative AI works, the damage from “poisoned” images also affects related prompt keywords. For example, if a “poisoned” image of a Picasso work is used in training data, prompt results for masterpieces from other artists can also be affected. Possibly, tools like Nightshade can be abused by some users to intentionally upload “poisoned” images in order to confuse AI generators. But the Nightshade’s developer hopes the tool will make big tech companies more respectful of copyright. It does challenge a common belief among computer scientists that data found online can be used for any purpose they see fit. Human rights activists, for example, have been concerned for some time about the indiscriminate use of machine vision in wider society. This concern is particularly serious concerning facial recognition. There is a clear connection between facial recognition cases and data poisoning, as both relate to larger questions around technological governance. It may be better to see data poisoning as an innovative solution to the denial of some fundamental human rights. 43. What does the underlined word “scraping” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. facilitating B. collecting C. damaging D. polishing 44. According to the passage, what may adding poisoned data lead to? A. increasing the accuracy of returned information B. causing users to forget the prompt key words C. affecting the training of generative AI D. discriminating against great masterpieces 45. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Data Poisoning: Government Empowering Citizens to Protect Themselves B. Data Poisoning: Addressing Facial Recognition Issues Among Artists C. Data Poisoning: Risks and Rewards of Generative AI Data Training D. Data Poisoning: Restricting Innovation or Empowering Artists 【答案】43. B 44. C 45. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍一款名为Nightshade的数据投毒工具，阐释其工作原理、作用以及对AI发展与版权保护的双重影响。 【43题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Text-to-image generators work by being trained on large datasets that include millions or billions of images.Some of the generators have been trained by indiscriminately scraping online images, many of which may be under copyright.(文生图生成器依靠海量数据集训练运行，这些数据集包含数百万乃至数十亿张图片。部分生成模型通过随意获scraping络图片完成训练，其中大量图片受版权保护。)”可知，AI模型依靠获取海量网络图片完成训练，结合语境可判断scraping表示“收集、获取”的含义，与“collecting”意义相近。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The tool works by slightly altering an image’s pixels (像素) in a way that confuses the computer vision system but leaves the image unaltered to a human’s eyes. If an organization then scrapes one of these images to train a future AI model, its data pool becomes “poisoned”. This can result in mistaken learning, which makes the generator return unintended results.(该工具通过轻微改动图片像素来运作，这种改动会迷惑计算机视觉系统，但在人眼看来图片并未发生变化。倘若某机构抓取其中一张图像用于训练后续人工智能模型，其数据集就会遭到“数据投毒”。这会造成模型学习出现偏差，进而导致图像生成器输出意料之外的结果。)”可知，被污染的数据会造成AI学习错误，干扰生成式人工智能的训练工作。 【45题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第五段中的“Possibly, tools like Nightshade can be abused by some users to intentionally upload “poisoned” images in order to confuse AI generators. But the Nightshade’s developer hopes the tool will make big tech companies more respectful of copyright.(像Nightshade这样的工具存在被滥用、干扰AI研发的隐患，但其初衷是助力艺术家维权，倒逼科技企业重视版权。)”可知，文章主要介绍数据投毒技术，该技术既能赋能艺术家保护自身版权，也存在被滥用、限制AI创新的弊端，因此“数据投毒：限制创新还是赋能艺术家”最能概括全文核心，适合作为文章标题。 五、阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下列短文并回答问题。 Sam, a young boy from a small town, dreamed of climbing the big mountain he could see from his bedroom window. While everyone in town said it was too dangerous, Sam remained determined. One clear morning, Sam put on his boots, packed a small bag with water, an apple, and his favorite cap. He told his dog, Buddy, “Today’s the day we make history, Buddy!” The climb began smoothly. Sam and Buddy followed a narrow road lined with wildflowers. But the weather quickly changed. Dark clouds rolled in, and a sharp wind began to blow. Sam thought about turning back but held onto his dream. “We can do this,” he said, encouraging Buddy as they pushed forward. As they climbed higher, the path disappeared. Sam faced a tough choice: take the rocky route or move through the thick woods. He chose the rocks, thinking it would be faster. Halfway up, he slipped and hurt his left foot. The pain was sharp, but Sam refused to give up. He rested for a moment, ate his apple, and shared pieces with Buddy. “We’re in this together,” he said with determination. The sky cleared as they reached the final part of the climb. It was beautiful. Sam forgot his pain, driven by the beauty around him. With Buddy’s help, pulling on Sam’s shirt, they finally reached the top. The sight was beyond words. He could see his town, the river, and beyond. “We did it, Buddy!” he shouted, his voice full of joy. Sam realized the climb was about more than reaching the top. It was about bravery, making tough choices, and never giving up, no matter what. He and Buddy made their way down, slower this time but full of stories to tell. When they returned, Sam’s story of courage inspired the whole town. They learned that with determination and the support of a friend, even the biggest difficulties could be tackled. 46. What did Sam take for his journey? (no more than 10 words) _____________________________________________________ 47. What challenges did Sam face during his climb? (no more than 10 words) _____________________________________________________ 48. What helped Sam finally reach the top of the mountain? (no more than 10 words) _____________________________________________________ 49. What does the underlined word “tackled” mean in the last paragraph? (no more than 2 words) _____________________________________________________ 50. Do you like to take adventures like Sam? Please give your reason(s).(no more than 20 words) _____________________________________________________ 【答案】46. Boot, Water, an apple, his favorite cap and Buddy. 47. Bad weather, a disappearing path and injured left foot. 48. Determination, Buddy’s support and the beautiful scenery. 49. Solved /Handled/Overcome/Managed/Dealt with. 50. Yes. The memories made during adventures are very valuable and often become moments that encourage people to explore more in the future. Or: Yes. Adventure provides unique learning opportunities. They can gain new skills and understand themselves better, growing mentally and emotionally. Or: Yes. Going on adventures with friends or pets helps people stay close through shared experiences and support. Or: No. Adventure activities often include risks that may be greater than the benefits. Or: No. Adventures with uncertain results can cause worry and disappointment, making them less enjoyable. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了小镇男孩萨姆不顾危险，带着狗巴迪攀登大山，途中历经困难仍不放弃，最终登顶，其勇气激励了全镇，让人们明白决心与友情可战胜困难。 【46题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“One clear morning, Sam put on his boots, packed a small bag with water, an apple, and his favorite cap. He told his dog, Buddy, “Today’s the day we make history, Buddy!”(在一个阳光明媚的早晨，萨姆穿上靴子，收拾了一个小背包，里面装着水、一个苹果和他最喜欢的帽子。他对他的狗巴迪说：“今天就是我们创造历史的日子，巴迪！”)”可知，萨姆出行时带了靴子、水、一个苹果、他最喜欢的帽子和巴迪。故答案为Boot, Water, an apple, his favorite cap and Buddy. 【47题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“Dark clouds rolled in, and a sharp wind began to blow.(乌云滚滚而来，一阵凛冽的风也开始刮起)”、“As they climbed higher, the path disappeared.(随着他们爬得越来越高，小路消失了)”以及“Halfway up, he slipped and hurt his left foot.(爬到一半时，他滑倒了，伤到了左脚)”可知，萨姆在攀登过程中遇到了恶劣的天气、一条消失的路径和受伤的左脚。故答案为Bad weather, a disappearing path and injured left foot. 【48题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段““We’re in this together,” he said with determination. (“我们同舟共济。”他坚定地说道)”；第四段“Sam forgot his pain, driven by the beauty around him. With Buddy’s help, pulling on Sam’s shirt, they finally reached the top. The sight was beyond words.(萨姆被周围的美丽所驱使，忘记了自己的痛苦。在巴迪的帮助下，巴迪拉着萨姆的衬衫，他们终于登上了山顶。眼前的景象简直无法用言语来形容)”可知，决心、巴迪的支持以及美丽的景色帮助萨姆最终登上了山顶。故答案为Determination, Buddy’s support and the beautiful scenery. 【49题详解】 考查词句猜测。根据最后一段“Sam realized the climb was about more than reaching the top. It was about bravery, making tough choices, and never giving up, no matter what. (萨姆意识到这次攀登不仅仅是到达山顶这么简单。它还关乎勇气、做出艰难的抉择以及永不放弃，无论遇到什么困难都不退缩)”以及“even the biggest difficulties could be tackled.(甚至是最大的困难都能够被……)”可知，萨姆一路上克服了很多困难，即最大的困难都能被解决/处理/克服/管理/应对。故划线词意思是“解决/处理/克服/管理/应对”。故答案为Solved /Handled/Overcome/Managed/Dealt with. 【50题详解】 考查开放题。根据“你是否像萨姆那样喜欢冒险呢？请说出你的理由”可回答：是。在冒险过程中所形成的记忆非常宝贵，往往也会成为激励人们在未来进一步探索的动力时刻。 或者：是的。冒险提供了独特的学习机会。他们能够获得新技能，更好地了解自己，从而在精神和情感上得到成长。 或者：是的。与朋友或宠物一起进行冒险有助于人们通过共同的经历和相互支持而保持亲密关系。 或者：不是。冒险活动往往包含的风险可能大于其带来的好处。 或者：不是。具有不确定结果的冒险可能会引发担忧和失望，从而使它们变得不那么令人愉快。 故答案为Yes. The memories made during adventures are very valuable and often become moments that encourage people to explore more in the future. Or: Yes. Adventure provides unique learning opportunities. They can gain new skills and understand themselves better, growing mentally and emotionally. Or: Yes. Going on adventures with friends or pets helps people stay close through shared experiences and support. Or: No. Adventure activities often include risks that may be greater than the benefits. Or: No. Adventures with uncertain results can cause worry and disappointment, making them less enjoyable. 51. 假定你是晨光中的学生李津，你们学校上周组织参观了市人工智能实验室（City Artificial Intelligence Lab）。此次参观活动让你收获颇丰，所以你想写一封邮件给你的英国的笔友Mike，分享自己这次经历，内容包括： 1.参观时间与地点； 2.活动内容： ①听专家讲座； ②现场观摩实验操作； ③体验科技产品，如机器人、AI绘画（AI painting） 3.此次经历对你的启发。 注意： (1).词数不少于100； (2)适加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯； (3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Mike, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Lijin 【答案】Dear Mike, Hope this email finds you well! Last Thursday morning, our school organized all Senior One students to visit the City Artificial Intelligence Lab. We gathered at the school gate at 8 a.m. and arrived at the lab after a 20-minute bus ride. The sunny day added to our excitement for the tech tour. In the lab, we first heard a lecture by Professor Chen, who showed AI robots in heart surgeries. He explained how they make precise moves—smaller than a hair! Next, we watched a self-driving car simulation avoid virtual obstacles. The best part was trying AI painting: I typed “a panda in space,” and the app made a funny image with a spacesuit-wearing panda. Everyone laughed at the cute result. The visit completely shifted my understanding of AI. What struck me most was how AI can turn imagination into reality. It inspired me to learn programming during summer break. Do you think AI will change the way we study in the future? Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Jin 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国的笔友Mike写一封邮件，分享自己参观学校上周组织的市人工智能实验室的经历与感受。 【详解】1.词汇积累 集合：gather→get together 到达：arrive→reach/get to 改变：shift→change/transform 现实：reality→fact/actuality 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Last Thursday morning, our school organized all Senior One students to visit the City Artificial Intelligence Lab. 拓展句：Last Thursday morning, our school organized all the students who were Senior One to visit the City Artificial Intelligence Lab. 【点睛】【高分句型1】In the lab, we first heard a lecture by Professor Chen, who showed AI robots in heart surgeries. (运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句。) 【高分句型2】What struck me most was how AI can turn imagination into reality. (运用了what引导的主语从句以及how引导的表语从句。) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 天津市第八中学2025--2026学年第二学期高一年级英语学科 第二次大单元练习 时间： 90 分钟；满分 100 分 注意事项： 1. 答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2. 请将答案正确填写在答题卡上 第一部分 听力理解（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） 第一节 听下面 4 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。 1. When did the man visit the National Park? A. Last September. B. Last December. C. This July. 2. What does the woman think of Olivia? A. She is quiet. B. She is sociable. C. She is talkative. 3. What will the man do this Tuesday? A. Attend an interview. B. Meet his doctor. C. Deliver a speech. 4. What is the man's chief consideration in choosing the cottage? A. Its location. B. Its comfort. C. Its facilities. 第二节 听下面对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从所听到的内容中获取信息，回答相应小题。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 5. What is the man's attitude towards his job? A. He is tired of the same old routine. B. He is curious about his job prospect. C. He is enthusiastic about this demanding job. 6. How old is the man? A. 25. B. 40. C. 65. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 7. What do the speakers mainly talk about? A. Smart cities. B. Information safety. C. Energy production. 8. Which is among the man's research focuses? A. Data management. B. Equality promotion. C. Traffic release. 9. What does the man mean in the end? A. Personal information can be secured. B. Greater security can be achieved. C. Data leakage will never happen. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 10. How many parcels are expected to be delivered this year? A. 30.8 billion. B. 83 billion. C. 95.5 billion. 11. What will be done to encourage greener packaging? A. All packages will be wrapped only once. B. 2,000 boxes recycle stations will be built. C. New energy vehicles will be used to deliver packages. 12. What is on the list? A. The wrapping products. B. The locations of recycle stations. C. The types of new energy vehicles. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 13. What does ASO - S mainly do? A. Do solar observation. B. Study Earth's atmosphere. C. Make weather forecasting. 14. How long will ASO - S stay in orbit at least? A. Four years. B. Forty hours. C. Seventy years. 15. Why is ASO - S so meaningful? A. It can block the sun's radiation. B. It may fill China's gap in the field. C. It is the first solar satellite globally 二、单项选择（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 1. —Our school will hold a poetry competition next month. Will you participate in it? —________. It is too good a chance to miss. A. It depends B. You bet C. So far so good D. Got it 2. The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct in applying for a visa. A. declaration B. exhibition C. procedure D. treatment 3. Our plane was delayed and the airport staff arranged accommodation for us. A. temporary B. contemporary C. long-term D. further 4. If you think about other people’s feelings as well as your own, you’ll soon find everything _______. A. turns out B. runs out C. works out D. brings out 5. When ________ the opportunity to study abroad, she didn’t hesitate for a second and immediately accepted it. A. offered B. offering C. to be offered D. to offer 6. Wang Wei decided to _______ Han Gan who used a stick to draw pictures in the dirt to study painting and recommended him to a master. A. claim B. sponsor C. obtain D. confirm 7. When he first moved to the city as a young man, he had no idea that a chance encounter with a street artist _______the course of his life. A. had changed B. changed C. was changing D. was to change 8. Experts say this bad weather has occurred_______ climate change, which makes me feel nervous. A. in spite of B. due to C. regardless of D. far from 9. —Why haven’t you hand in the report on time?—My laptop_______at the service center. A. has repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. will be repaired 10. 3D printing is not just humans who are benefiting — in Brazil, a new 3D- printed shell _______to a turtle injured in a forest fire so far. A. is given B. has given C. was given D. has been given 11. The broken traffic light ________ by the city workers, causing a small traffic jam. A. is fixed B. is fixing C. is being fixed D. fix 12. The waiter told me that a table by the window________available after 20 minutes. A. is B. will be C. would be D. has been 13. The room________ by my sister, so it looks much brighter now. A. has painted B. painted C. has been painted D. was painted 14. Have you seen the school’s new library? ________ how big and modern it is. A. Get a load of B. Catch a breath of C. Steal a moment of D. Show a sign of 15. — Lisa has decided to give up her job. — . Her job is what we’re dreaming of. A. She can’t be serious B. No wonder C. It’s great D. No bother 三、完形填空(共20小题,每小题1分, 满分20分) Recently I heard a story about a famous scientist who had made several important medical discoveries. He was being ____16____ by a newspaper reporter who asked him why he was able to be so much more ____17____ than the common people. He responded that it all came from an ____18____ with his mother when he was a child. He had been trying to ____19____ a bottle of milk from the shelf when it fell, ____20____ its contents all over the kitchen floor. When his mother came into the kitchen, instead of ____21____ him, she said, “Robert, what a great and wonderful ____22____ you have made! I have seldom seen such a real sea of milk. Well, the ____23____ has already been done. Would you like to: get down and ____24____ in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up?” Indeed, he ____25____. After a few minutes, his mother said, “You know, Robert, whenever you make a trouble like this, ____26____ you’ll have to clean it up and restore (复原) everything to its proper ____27____. So, how would you like to do that? We could use a sponge (海绵) or a mop. Which do you ____28____?” He chose the sponge and together they cleaned up the milk. His mother then said, “Let’s go out and ____29____ the bottle with water and see if you can ____30____ a way to carry it without ____31____ it.” The little boy learned that if he ____32____ the bottle at the top near the edge with both hands, he could carry it well. What a wonderful ____33____! It was at that moment that the scientist knew he didn’t need to be afraid to make ____34____. Instead, he learned that they were just ____35____ for learning something new. 16. A. praised B. interviewed C. celebrated D. discussed 17. A. famous B. enthusiastic C. creative D. respectable 18. A. invention B. experiment C. idea D. experience 19. A. remove B. bring C. settle D. put 20. A. covering B. leaving C. drinking D. flowing 21. A. encouraging B. asking C. punishing D. persuading 22. A. use B. achievement C. picture D. trouble 23. A. damage B. research C. business D. favor 24. A. play B. think C. cry D. stand 25. A. refused B. did C. listened D. feared 26. A. gradually B. patiently C. finally D. immediately 27. A. value B. form C. shelf D. order 28. A. find B. clean C. prefer D. accept 29. A. fill B. weigh C. mix D. float 30. A. lead B. discover C. change D. improve 31. A. losing B. touching C. breaking D. dropping 32. A. replaced B. shared C. washed D. held 33. A. performance B. method C. lesson D. action 34. A. promises B. mistakes C. guesses D. decisions 35. A. chances B. teachers C. directions D. instructions 四、阅读理解： (共 10 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 25 分) A The Public Transport Fares in New York On our website, you can find out how much it costs to ride the subway, bus, Long Island Rail Road, and Metro-North in the New York area. ★ Subways and buses ●Fare for most riders on subways and local, limited, and Select Bus Service buses:$2.85. ●Express buses cost $6.85. More information about subway and bus fares ●Riding the subway costs $2.85 for most riders. People with disabilities or who are 65 or older are qualified for a reduced fare. ●An unlimited ride MetroCard can save you money. It gives you unlimited rides for a certain length of time. ●MetroCards cost $1. All cards except for the Single Ride card are refillable (可充值的). ●Up to three children under 44 inches tall ride for free when they are with a fare-paying adult. ●You pay the fare at turnstiles (旋转闸门) before you aboard the train. You don’t have to do anything afterwards. ★ Railroads: LIRR (Long Island Rail Road) and Metro-North ●Fares vary based on when and where you are travelling. ●Buying tickets on your phone is the most convenient option. More information about railroad fares ●Peak (高峰的) fares are charged during business rush hours on any weekday train scheduled to arrive in New York City terminals between 6 a.m. and 10 a.m. or depart New York City terminals between 4 p.m. and 8 p.m. On Metro-North trains, peak fares also apply to travel on any weekday train that leaves Grand Central Station between 6 a.m. and 9 a.m. ●Off-peak fares are charged at all other times on weekdays, all day on Saturday and Sunday, and on holidays. ●Use our trip planner to find fare information. Get schedules and directions and see whether a trip is during peak or off-peak hours. 36. How much might a subway trip cost a 68-year-old man with two children under 44 inches tall? A. $2.35. B. $2.85. C. $5.70. D. $6.85. 37. For what train trip are peak fares charged? A. A weekday train leaving Grand Central Station at 10 pm. B. A weekday train leaving Grand Central Station at 7 am. C. A weekday train departing New York City terminals at 9 pm. D. A weekday train departing New York City terminals at 8:30 am. 38. Why should people read the trip planner? A. To know special offers. B. To leave your advice. C. To check fare information. D. To book a train ticket. B At my first lesson in Chinese calligraphy, my teacher told me plainly: “Now I will teach you how to write your name. And to make it beautiful.” I felt my breath catch. I was curious. Growing up in Singapore, I had an unusual relationship with my Chinese name. My parents are ethnically Chinese, so they asked fortune tellers to decide my name, aiming for maximum luck. As a result, I ended up with a nonsense and embarrassing name: Chen Yiwen, meaning, roughly, “old”, “barley (薏米)” and “warm”. When I arrived in America for college at 18, I put on an American accent and abandoned my Chinese name. When I moved to Hong Kong in 2021, after 14 years in the States, I decided to learn calligraphy. Why not get back in touch with my heritage? I thought. In calligraphy, the idea is to copy the old masters’ techniques, thereby refining your own. Every week, though, my teacher would give uncomfortably on-the-nose assessments of my person. “You need to be braver,” he once observed. “Have confidence. Try to produce a bold stroke(笔画).” For years, I had prided myself on presenting an image of confidence, but my writing betrayed me. I was trying to make sense of this practice. You must visualize the word as it is to be written and leave a trace of yourself in it. As a bodily practice, calligraphy could go beyond its own cultural restrictions. Could it help me go beyond mine? My teacher once said to me, “When you look at the word, you see the body. Though a word on the page is two-dimensional, it contains multitudes, conveying the force you’ve applied, the energy of your grip, the arch of your spine.” I had been learning calligraphy to get in touch with my cultural roots, but what I was really seeking was a return to myself. Now I have sensed that the pleasure out of calligraphy allows me to know myself more fully. During a recent lesson, my teacher pointed at the word I had just finished, telling me: “This word is much better. I can see the choices you made, your calculations, your flow. Trust yourself. This word is yours.” He might as well have said, “This word is you.” 39. What did the author initially think of her name “Chen Yiwen”? A. It was lucky so she gladly accepted it. B. She felt proud of its symbolic meaning. C. She understood the intention but still disliked it. D. Its strange pronunciation made her embarrassed. 40. The author decided to learn calligraphy to ______. A. pick up a new hobby B. reconnect with her origin C. gain insights into a new culture D. fit in with local community 41. From the teacher’s words, the author learns that calligraphy ______. A. reflects the creator’s spirits B. comes from creative energy C. highlights the design of strokes D. depends on continuous practice 42. What does the author intend to tell us? A. Appreciate what our culture offers. B. Find beauty from your inner self. C. A great teacher leads you to truth. D. We are the sum of what we create. C Imagine this. You need an image of a balloon for a work presentation and turn to an AI text-to-image generator, like Midjourney or DALL-E, to create a suitable image. You enter the prompt (提示词) “red balloon against a blue sky” but the generator returns an image of an egg instead. What’s going on? The generator you’re using may have been “poisoned”. What does this mean? Text-to-image generators work by being trained on large datasets that include millions or billions of images. Some of the generators have been trained by indiscriminately (任意地) scraping online images, many of which may be under copyright. This has led to many copyright infringement (侵害) cases where artists have accused big tech companies of stealing and profiting from their work. This is also where the idea of “poison” comes in. Researchers who want to empower individual artists have recently created a tool named “Nightshade” to fight back against unauthorized image scraping. The tool works by slightly altering an image’s pixels (像素) in a way that confuses the computer vision system but leaves the image unaltered to a human’s eyes. If an organization then scrapes one of these images to train a future AI model, its data pool becomes “poisoned”. This can result in mistaken learning, which makes the generator return unintended results. As in our earlier example, a balloon might become an egg. The higher the number of “poisoned” images in the training data, the greater the impact. Because of how generative AI works, the damage from “poisoned” images also affects related prompt keywords. For example, if a “poisoned” image of a Picasso work is used in training data, prompt results for masterpieces from other artists can also be affected. Possibly, tools like Nightshade can be abused by some users to intentionally upload “poisoned” images in order to confuse AI generators. But the Nightshade’s developer hopes the tool will make big tech companies more respectful of copyright. It does challenge a common belief among computer scientists that data found online can be used for any purpose they see fit. Human rights activists, for example, have been concerned for some time about the indiscriminate use of machine vision in wider society. This concern is particularly serious concerning facial recognition. There is a clear connection between facial recognition cases and data poisoning, as both relate to larger questions around technological governance. It may be better to see data poisoning as an innovative solution to the denial of some fundamental human rights. 43. What does the underlined word “scraping” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. facilitating B. collecting C. damaging D. polishing 44. According to the passage, what may adding poisoned data lead to? A. increasing the accuracy of returned information B. causing users to forget the prompt key words C. affecting the training of generative AI D. discriminating against great masterpieces 45. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Data Poisoning: Government Empowering Citizens to Protect Themselves B. Data Poisoning: Addressing Facial Recognition Issues Among Artists C. Data Poisoning: Risks and Rewards of Generative AI Data Training D. Data Poisoning: Restricting Innovation or Empowering Artists 五、阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下列短文并回答问题。 Sam, a young boy from a small town, dreamed of climbing the big mountain he could see from his bedroom window. While everyone in town said it was too dangerous, Sam remained determined. One clear morning, Sam put on his boots, packed a small bag with water, an apple, and his favorite cap. He told his dog, Buddy, “Today’s the day we make history, Buddy!” The climb began smoothly. Sam and Buddy followed a narrow road lined with wildflowers. But the weather quickly changed. Dark clouds rolled in, and a sharp wind began to blow. Sam thought about turning back but held onto his dream. “We can do this,” he said, encouraging Buddy as they pushed forward. As they climbed higher, the path disappeared. Sam faced a tough choice: take the rocky route or move through the thick woods. He chose the rocks, thinking it would be faster. Halfway up, he slipped and hurt his left foot. The pain was sharp, but Sam refused to give up. He rested for a moment, ate his apple, and shared pieces with Buddy. “We’re in this together,” he said with determination. The sky cleared as they reached the final part of the climb. It was beautiful. Sam forgot his pain, driven by the beauty around him. With Buddy’s help, pulling on Sam’s shirt, they finally reached the top. The sight was beyond words. He could see his town, the river, and beyond. “We did it, Buddy!” he shouted, his voice full of joy. Sam realized the climb was about more than reaching the top. It was about bravery, making tough choices, and never giving up, no matter what. He and Buddy made their way down, slower this time but full of stories to tell. When they returned, Sam’s story of courage inspired the whole town. They learned that with determination and the support of a friend, even the biggest difficulties could be tackled. 46. What did Sam take for his journey? (no more than 10 words) _____________________________________________________ 47. What challenges did Sam face during his climb? (no more than 10 words) _____________________________________________________ 48. What helped Sam finally reach the top of the mountain? (no more than 10 words) _____________________________________________________ 49. What does the underlined word “tackled” mean in the last paragraph? (no more than 2 words) _____________________________________________________ 50. Do you like to take adventures like Sam? Please give your reason(s).(no more than 20 words) _____________________________________________________ 51. 假定你是晨光中的学生李津，你们学校上周组织参观了市人工智能实验室（City Artificial Intelligence Lab）。此次参观活动让你收获颇丰，所以你想写一封邮件给你的英国的笔友Mike，分享自己这次经历，内容包括： 1.参观时间与地点； 2.活动内容： ①听专家讲座； ②现场观摩实验操作； ③体验科技产品，如机器人、AI绘画（AI painting） 3.此次经历对你的启发。 注意： (1).词数不少于100； (2)适加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯； (3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Mike, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Lijin 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $