Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature 自主检测 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

**基本信息** 本单元同步练习以"自然奇观"为主题，通过梯度化题型设计实现从基础语言知识到综合运用能力的递进，融合语言能力与文化意识培养。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础层|词汇辨析、固定搭配、基础语法|完形填空聚焦自然现象语境中的词义选择，短文填空强化介词/时态等语法应用| |进阶层|语篇理解、逻辑推理|阅读理解A/B篇分别考查事实信息与复杂推理，设置蓝洞生态等跨学科话题| |应用层|综合语言输出|书面表达要求整合数据描述与文化阐释，体现"植物博物馆"等美誉的跨文化表达| **教学适配分析** 练习难度与单元目标高度匹配，基础题占比51%确保核心词汇（如cloud spotting/ecosystem）和语法（比较级/介词搭配）的巩固，提升题通过亚马逊河、黄河等主题实现文化意识渗透，书面表达题要求80词左右的精准输出，符合初中英语"基础+适度提升"的教学需求。

Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature 自主检测 Ⅰ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) Clouds often appear in the 1 , but do you really stop to 2 at them? Do you wonder about their names? The activity is called cloud spotting (观云). Ji Yun, born in 1987, is a cloud spotter in Beijing. He enjoys 3 about them, such as knowing their names according to their 4 Ji loves 5 deeply. He began to find out more about the beauty of clouds after taking some photos of an ice ha lo (冰晕 ). “I can't stop myself from 6 them,” said Ji. In October 2013, Ji got a(n) 7 from a friend. There were very 8 asperitas clouds(糙面云 ) in Beijing, and they were quickly going southeast. “ 9 I got the information, I rushed out of my home,” Ji said. 10 a second thought, he took a high-speed train to Tianjin. At that time, the trains weren't as 11 as today's.In the end, he 12 took photos of the clouds in Tianjin’ s Wuqing area. The cloud was one of the world's 13 10 rarest (罕见的) clouds. Ji’ s story made 14 popular. Around that time, he created some online groups to 15 the same love for clouds with fans. He said, “Can a cloud or an evening sky make you stop and look up? If yes, please join us.” 1. A. land B. sky C. ocean D. desert 2. A. look into B. look for C. look up D. look down 3. A. learning B. bringing C. talking D. worrying 4. A. seasons B. time C. sizes D. shapes 5. A. nature B. music C. sport D. art 6. A. feeling B. discussing C. researching D. seeing 7. A. notice B. advice C. opinion D. message 8. A. dark B. special C. normal D. terrible 9. A. Before B. Until C. Unless D. As soon as 10. A. With B. Without C. At D. In 11. A. big B. long C. few D.common 12. A. quickly B. successfully C. carefully D. easily 13. A. famous B. beautiful C. top D. nice 14. A. him B. her C. you D. them 15. A. send B. tell C. write D. share Ⅱ.阅读理解(每小题2分，共16分) A The Amazon is one of the world's longest rivers, second only to the Nile in Africa.Beginning from the Andes Mountains in Peru, the Amazon runs 4,000 miles eastward through Colombia and Brazil to the Atlantic Ocean. The river is usually about one to six miles wide.During the rainy season, it can be as much as 20miles wide in some areas. It is also one of the deepest rivers, reaching 300 feet deep in a number of areas. The river is also important because it runs through the Amazon rain forest. Home to some of the planet's most amazing and unusual birds, fish,insects, and animals, the Amazon rain forest has the most plant and animal species ( 物种) in the world. Brightly colored parrots, monkeys, and frogs live here. In the water, you' ll find pink dolphins. Some of the plants and trees in the rain forest have been used as medicines for thousands of years. The river became known as the Amazon during the mid-1500s. A Spanish man (西班牙人) saw some women fighters along its lower banks and named the river after them. In Greek mythology (神话), the Amazons were a group of women who were very good at fighting. 16. Which country does the Amazon run through? A. Brazil. B. India. C. South Africa. D. France. 17. What does“Amazon” mean according to the last paragraph? A. A Spanish man. B. A long river. C. A rain forest. D. A woman fighter. 18. What can be the best title for the passage? A. The Amazon B. The Amazon Rain Forest C. The Animals in the Amazon D. The Story about the Amazon B A blue hole is a flooded sea cave (洞穴)with a hole that opens up at the land's surface.These cave systems form in carbonate rock, often on islands. Far below sea level there are some of the hardest environments on Earth, with no oxygen ( 氧) and no light. Yet these areas are filled with life forms that have got used to such conditions. Blue holes get their name from the color that some have when seen from the air. It is usually a reflection of the sky on the water. ★ Some have dark or muddy water. Blue holes have several layers of water,chemicals and bacteria (细菌). The top layer of fresh water comes from rainfall, which acts like a cap on top of the layered mixture and keeps out oxygen from the air. The fresh water covers a denser layer of salt water. Underneath this is a layer of poisonous hydrogen sulfide (有毒的硫化氢), produced by bacteria living in the water. At the bottom is anoxic seawater— water that does not have any oxygen. “Underwater caves are probably one of the least understood ecosystems on the planet,”Kenny Broad, a scientist at the University of Miami in Florida, says. “One reason is that you still physically have to go there— you can't send in a submarine (潜水艇) or any other machine.” There are many safety rules that divers must follow to help ensure their survival. First, divers must have training to swim in such caves. Those who explore an underwater cave for the first time must use a thin rope called a guideline, which helps them to safely enter and exit without getting lost. Besides, divers must bring several light sources and more than one set of breathing equipment (设备) just in case. And they must pay careful attention to their air supply (供应). 19.According to the passage, blue holes . ① are sea caves far below sea level ② give off bright blue light ③ h ave life forms but no oxygen and light ④ are found mostly on islands ⑤ include three layers in all A.①②⑤ B.②③④ C.③④⑤ D.①③④ 20.Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A. Why are blue holes in the color of the sky? B. But not all of these cave systems have blue surfaces. C. What life forms can be found there? D. How can water in blue holes change color? 21.The underlined word“this” in Para.3refers to“ ” A. the top layer of fresh water B. anoxic seawater C. the layer of salt water D. bacteria living in the water 22. Blue holes are little understood perhaps because . A. few instruments can be used to explore these caves B. divers cannot ensure their survival there C. the caves are full of poisonous matter D. they have ever-changing conditions 23. When exploring blue holes, divers must . A. bring one set of breathing equipment and a light source B. be careful with their air supply C. have a thin rope as a guideline anytime D. swim as quickly as possible to save time Ⅲ.短文填空(每小题1分，共10分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 The Yellow River runs from the mountains 24 the sea. It gave birth to one of 25 oldest and most famous cultures in the world—— the Yellow River culture. In the hearts of 26 (China) people, the Yellow River is the mother river. It is expected to play a more important role in our country's 27 (develop). The river got its name Huanghe in Chinese 28 its water is yellow. It took lots of yellow sand to the water when it ran through the Loess Plateau (黄土高原). The river starts from Qinghai Province in northwestern China. It runs through a lot of places before 29 (run) into the Bohai Sea. The5,464-kilometre-long river 30 (feed) about12% of China's population and provides water for about 15% of fields and more than 60 31 (city). So far, our country has made great efforts in the environmental 32 (protect) of the river.Each year over 400 million tons of sand is prevented from being washed into it. Our mother river has become much 33 ( clear) than before. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. Ⅳ.书面表达(共20分) 中国西藏的雅鲁藏布大峡谷(the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon)不仅是世界上最长的峡谷，还是世界上最深的峡谷。请你根据下列内容提示，写一篇80词左右的英文短文，简要介绍一下雅鲁藏布大峡谷。 内容提示： 长度：500千米以上，比美国大峡谷长 50多千米； 深度:6009米(最深处); 美誉:“植物博物馆(the plant museum)”“动物王国(the animal kingdom)”; 最佳旅游季节：春季和秋季。 Unit 4 自主检测 Ⅰ. [语篇解读] 本文主要讲述了北京的观云者计云的故事，他热爱观云，并且通过拍摄罕见的云朵来传播这种热爱。 1. B 考查名词。 land 陆地; sky 天空; ocean 海洋; desert沙漠。根据常识可知，云经常出现在天空中。故选B。 2. C 考查短语。句意：云经常出现在天空中，但你真的停下来抬头看它们吗? look into 调查; look for 寻找;look up 抬头看; look down 俯视。根据“at them”可知，此处指抬头看云。故选C。 3. A 考查动名词。 learn 学习; bring 带来; talk 谈论;worry 担心。根据“ such as knowing their names according to their…”可知,他喜欢学习关于云的知识。故选 A。 4. D 考查名词。句意：他喜欢学习关于它们的知识，比如根据它们的形状知道它们的名字。season季节； time时间; size大小; shape形状。根据常识可知,人们通常根据云的形状来给云命名。故选 D。 5. A 考查名词。句意:计云非常热爱自然。nature 自然; music 音乐; sport 运动; art 艺术。根据“the beauty of clouds”可知,他热爱自然。故选 A。 6. C 考查动名词。句意：“我无法停止研究它们，”计云说。 feel 感到; discuss 讨论; research 研究; see 看见。根据“He began to find out more about the beauty of clouds”可知,他无法停止研究云。故选 C。 7. D 8. B 考查形容词。句意：北京有非常特别的糙面云，它们正向着东南方向急速飘走。dark 黑暗的；special特别的; normal 正常的; terrible 糟糕的。根据“the world's...10 rarest clouds”可知,糙面云很特别。故选 B。 9. D 考查连词。句意：“一收到信息，我就冲出了家门,”计云说。 before 在……之前; until 直到……为止; unless 除非; as soon as 一……就。根据“…I got the information, I rushed out of my home”可知,一收到信息，他就冲出了家门。故选 D。 10. B 考查介词。句意：他不假思索地乘坐高铁去天津。 with带有; without 没有; at在; in 在……里面。without a second thought 意为“毫不犹豫;不假思索”。故选 B。 11. D 考查形容词。句意：那时，火车不像现在这么普遍。 big大的; long长的; few少的; common普遍的。根据“the trains weren't as… as today's”可知,那时火车不像现在这么普遍。故选 D。 12. B 考查副词。句意：最后，他成功地在天津武清区拍到了这些云。 quickly 快速地; successfully 成功地;carefully 仔细地; easily 容易地。根据“took photos of the clouds in Tianjin's Wuqing area”可知,他成功地拍到了这些云。故选 B。 13. C 考查形容词。句意：这种云是世界上排名前十的罕见云之一。 famous 著名的; beautiful 美丽的; top最高的; nice 友好的。根据“the world’ s…10 rarest clouds”可知，这种云是世界上排名前十的罕见云之一。故选C。 14. A 考查人称代词。句意：计云的故事让他出名了。him 他; her 她; you 你; them 他们。根据“Ji’ s story made...popular.”可知,计云的故事让他出名了。故选 A。 15. D 考查动词。句意：大约在那时，他创建了一些线上群，以便与粉丝们分享对云的共同热爱。send发送; tell 告诉; write 写; share 分享。根据“the same love for clouds with fans”可知,为了与粉丝分享对云的热爱，他创建了线上群。故选 D。 Ⅱ. A [语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了世界第二长河——亚马孙河。 16. A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“the Amazon runs4,000 miles eastward through Colombia and Brazil to the Atlantic Ocean”可知,亚马孙河穿过哥伦比亚和巴西，流入大西洋。故选A。 17. D 词义理解题。根据“the Amazons were a group of women who were very good at fighting”可知,最后一段中的“Amazon”指的是女战士。故选 D。 18. A 最佳标题题。本文主要从基本信息、流经地的生物多样性以及名字的由来等几个方面介绍了亚马孙河。故选A。 B [语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了蓝洞的定义、形成、特征以及探索蓝洞的注意事项等。 19. D 细节多选题。根据第一段内容可知，蓝洞是位于海平面以下的被淹没的海洞，缺少氧气和光线，但仍有生物存在，通常形成于岛屿上。故选D。 20. B 信息还原题。空前说蓝洞得名于从空中看到的颜色，通常是天空在水中的倒影，空后说有些水很暗或浑浊。故B 项“但并非所有这类洞穴系统的水面都呈蓝色”符合语境。故选B。 21. C 代词指代题。根据第三段中的“The fresh water covers a denser layer of salt water. Underneath this is a layer of poisonous hydrogen sulfide...”可知,淡水覆盖在密度更高的盐水层之上，在这下面是一层有毒的硫化氢, this指的是上文中提到的“a denser layer of salt water”。故选 C。 22. A 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“One reason is that you still physically have to go there—— you can't send in a submarine or any other machine.”可知,人类对蓝洞的了解少，原因之一是缺乏可以探索这些洞穴的仪器。故选 A。 23. B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“And they must pay careful attention to their air supply.”可知,探索蓝洞时，潜水员必须注意他们的空气供应。故选B。 Ⅲ.[语篇解读]本文主要介绍了黄河。 24. to 句意:黄河从山上流到海里。from...to...意为“从……到……”。故填 to。 25. the“one of+ the+形容词最高级+名词复数”意为“最……的……之一”,是固定用法。故填 the。 26. Chinese 句意:在中国人的心中,黄河是母亲河。此处用形容词作定语修饰 people。故填 Chinese。 27. development 根据设空处前的 country’ s 可知此处应用名词形式。故填 development。 28. because 根据语境可知，这条河被称为黄河，因为它的水是黄色的，用 because引导原因状语从句。故填 because。 29. running before是介词,其后用动名词作宾语。故填 running。 30. feeds 此处与“provides”并列,动词用第三人称单数形式。故填 feeds。 31. cities 根据“more than 60”可知,此处用可数名词的复数形式。故填 cities。 32. protection 分析句子结构可知,此处缺少名词。故填 protection。 33. clearer 根据“than before”可知,此处应用形容词比较级。故填 clearer。 Ⅳ. One possible version: The Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon in Xizang,China, is a famous natural wonder. It's both the longest and deepest canyon in the world, making it very special. It is over 500 kilometers long. That's more than 50kilometers longer than the Grand Canyon in America! The deepest part reaches 6,009 meters. That's really deep!Many plants and animals live here. Rich in biodiversity,people call it“the plant museum” and“the animal kingdom”. The best time to visit is spring and autumn.You can see very beautiful views here. The Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon is amazing. It shows us how great nature is. Come and see this wonderful place! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $