暑假自学课第4讲 比较级最高级+过去完成时（讲义）-2026-2027学年人教版（2012）英语九年级全一册

新九年级暑假自学课 人教版2024 · 暑假衔接专用 ┌─────────────────────────────┐ 第4讲 形容词/副词比较级 · 过去完成时 └─────────────────────────────┘ ⊙ 适用年级：新九年级（八升九） ⊙ 教材版本：人教版2024 ⊙ 内容说明：系统复习比较级最高级的所有句型和过去完成时的核心用法 Part 1 温故知新 —— 形容词/副词比较级与最高级 一、比较级和最高级的构成 情况 变化规则及例词 一般单音节词 加 -er / -est: tall→taller→tallest, fast→faster→fastest 以e结尾 加 -r / -st: nice→nicer→nicest, large→larger→largest 辅音+y结尾 改y为i加 -er / -est: happy→happier→happiest, early→earlier→earliest 重读闭音节 双写尾字母加 -er / -est: big→bigger→biggest, hot→hotter→hottest, thin→thinner→thinnest 多音节/部分双音节 前加 more / most: beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful, interesting→more interesting→most interesting 二、不规则变化（中考必背！） 原级 比较级 最高级 good / well better best bad / badly / ill worse worst many / much more most little less least far farther / further farthest / furthest 注意：farther指"距离上更远"，further还可指"程度上更进一步"（further study进一步研究） 三、比较级基本句型 1. A + be + 比较级 + than + B：A比B更…… -- Tom is taller than Mike. / This book is more interesting than that one. 2. 比较级 + than any other + 单数名词：比任何别的都……（用比较级表达最高级意义） -- He is taller than any other student in his class.（= He is the tallest student in his class.） 3. 比较级句型修饰语：much, even, still, a little, a lot, far 等可以放在比较级前加强语气。 -- This movie is much more interesting than that one. -- She is even taller than her brother. 4. "the + 比较级，the + 比较级"：越……越…… -- The more you read, the more you learn. -- The harder you work, the luckier you will be. 5. "比较级 + and + 比较级"：越来越…… -- The weather is getting hotter and hotter. -- Our city is becoming more and more beautiful. 四、最高级基本句型 1. A + be + the + 最高级 + in / of / among...：A是……中最……的 -- She is the best student in our class. -- This is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited. 2. one of + the + 最高级 + 复数名词：最……的之一 -- The Great Wall is one of the most famous places in China. 3. the + 序数词 + 最高级：第……最……的 -- The Yangtze River is the third longest river in the world. 五、同级比较 1. as + 原级 + as：和……一样 -- He is as tall as his brother. / She runs as fast as me. 2. not as / so + 原级 + as：不如…… -- This movie is not as interesting as that one. -- He doesn't run so fast as his sister. 3. 倍数表达法：倍数 + as + 原级 + as -- This room is three times as big as that one. -- He earns twice as much money as I do. 六、比较级常见易错点 1. 比较的对象要对等（同类事物才能比较）： -- The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai.（用that代替weather） -- The students in Class 1 are more active than those in Class 2.（用those代替students） 2. 比较级≠最高级： -- She is the taller of the two sisters.（两者间比较，用the + 比较级） -- She is the tallest of the three sisters.（三者以上，用the + 最高级） Part 2 习新知法 —— 过去完成时 & 时态综合运用 一、过去完成时的核心用法 过去完成时（had + 过去分词）表示"过去的过去"——在过去的某个时间或某个动作之前已经完成的动作。 1. 基本句式 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + had + 过去分词 When I arrived, the train had already left. 否定句 主语 + hadn't + 过去分词 He hadn't finished his homework before 9:00. 疑问句 Had + 主语 + 过去分词? Had you ever been to Beijing before 2020? 2. 常用时间标志 • by + 过去时间：By the end of last term, we had learned 2,000 words. • before + 过去动作：Before he came to China, he had studied Chinese for two years. • after + 过去完成时：After he had finished his work, he went to bed. • when + 一般过去时（主句过去完成时）：When I got there, he had already left. • 与already, ever, never, just（在过去之前）连用：She said she had already seen the movie. 3. 过去完成时 vs 一般过去时（核心区别） 一般过去时：发生过去。 过去完成时：在"过去的过去"发生。 -- When I arrived, he left.（我到达时，他离开了——几乎同时） -- When I arrived, he had already left.（我到达时，他已经离开了——在我到达之前他就走了） -- I finished my homework at 8:00.（8点时完成了作业） -- I had finished my homework before 8:00.（8点之前已经完成了作业） 4. 过去完成时的常见句型 ① no sooner...than... / hardly...when...（一……就……，主句用过去完成时） -- No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. -- Hardly had he entered the room when the phone rang. ② By the time / By the end of + 过去时间，主语 + had done -- By the time I was 10, I had read many books. ③ It was the first/second time that + 主语 + had done -- It was the first time that I had seen such a beautiful place. 二、延续性动词 vs 终止性动词（深化） 现在完成时中，与 since/for 连用的动词必须是延续性动词。终止性动词（瞬间动词）不能和一段时间连用，需转化为延续性动词。 终止性动词 → 延续性动词 例句 buy（买） have（拥有） I have had this bike for five years. borrow（借） keep（保管） He has kept the book for two weeks. join（加入） be in / be a member of She has been in the club since 2020. leave（离开） be away (from) He has been away from home for three days. die（死） be dead The dog has been dead for two years. begin / start（开始） be on The movie has been on for 10 minutes. arrive / come / reach（到达） be here / be there He has been here for an hour. marry（结婚） be married They have been married for 20 years. fall asleep（入睡） be asleep The baby has been asleep for two hours. 错误：He has bought the dictionary for three years.（bought是终止性动词，不能接for） 正确：He has had the dictionary for three years.（had是延续性动词） 三、初中阶段易混时态综合对比 时态对比 时态A 时态B 典型例句 一般过去时 vs 现在完成时 I saw the movie yesterday.（只描述过去） I have seen the movie.（强调现在了解内容） -- 一般过去时 vs 过去完成时 I arrived at 8:00.（8点到达） I had arrived by 8:00.（8点前已到达） By the time I arrived, they had left. 一般将来时 vs 过去将来时 He says he will come.（从现在看将来） He said he would come.（从过去看将来） She told me she would visit Shanghai. Part 3 基础巩固 一、用所给词的正确形式（比较级/最高级）填空。 (1) Tom is ______ (tall) than his brother. (2) She is the ______ (good) student in our class. (3) This book is ______ (interesting) than that one. (4) He runs ______ (fast) in his school. (5) The weather is getting ______ and ______ (hot). (6) She is as ______ (smart) as her sister. (7) The ______ (hard) you study, the ______ (good) grades you will get. (8) Which is ______ (beautiful), the rose or the lily? (9) This is one of ______ (popular) songs in the world. (10) He is much ______ (strong) now than before. 二、单项选择。 1. She is ___ than her sister. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest 2. This is ___ movie I have ever seen. A. good B. better C. best D. the best 3. The more you read, ___ you will learn. A. many B. the more C. most D. the most 4. When I got to the station, the train ___. A. left B. had left C. was leaving D. has left 5. I have ___ the book for two weeks. A. bought B. buy C. had D. have 6. He is ___ than any other student in his class. A. smart B. smarter C. smartest D. the smartest 7. Which is ___, the sun, the moon or the earth? A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest 8. She has ___ the English club for three years. A. joined B. been in C. taken part in D. entered 9. By the time I was 10, I ___ English for three years. A. learned B. have learned C. had learned D. learn 10. The weather is getting ___ and ___. A. warm; warm B. warmer; warmer C. warmest; warmest D. more; more warm 11. It was the first time that I ___ such a beautiful place. A. see B. saw C. had seen D. have seen 12. ___ you ever ___ to the Great Wall? A. Did; go B. Have; been C. Have; gone D. Will; go 13. He is ___ of the two brothers. A. tall B. taller C. the taller D. tallest 14. This room is three times as ___ as that one. A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest 15. He said he ___ the work by 6:00 the next day. A. finished B. would finish C. had finished D. has finished 三、改写句子。 (1) Tom is 1.7m. Mike is 1.7m, too. (同义句) Tom is ___ ___ ___ Mike. (2) She is the tallest girl in her class. (同义句) She is taller than ___ ___ ___ girl in her class. (3) He bought the book three days ago. (改为适当形式) He ___ ___ the book for three days. (4) I joined the club in 2020. (改为适当形式) I ___ ___ ___ the club since 2020. (5) This is a very beautiful city. (用最高级改写) This is ___ ___ ___ ___ city I have ever visited. (6) When I arrived, he left.（改为过去完成时）When I arrived, he ___ already ___ . 四、用 since 或 for 填空。 (1) ______ two hours (2) ______ last month (3) ______ 2020 (4) ______ five years (5) ______ I was a child (6) ______ a long time (7) ______ Monday (8) ______ three days ago Part 4 提高挑战 一、改错。 (1) He is more taller than his father. ________________ (2) She is the most beautifuler girl in her class. ________________ (3) I have borrowed the book for two weeks. ________________ (4) When I got to the cinema, the film already started. ________________ (5) The weather is getting hot and hot. ________________ (6) She is the taller of the three sisters. ________________ (7) He has joined the army since 2020. ________________ (8) I will call you as soon as I will get there. ________________ 二、完成句子。 (1) 汤姆比他哥哥高。________________ (2) 这是我读过的最有趣的书。________________ (3) 到去年为止，他已经学了2000个英语单词。________________ (4) 她自从2018年就是英语俱乐部的一员了。________________ (5) 你越努力，就越幸运。________________ (6) 电影已经开始10分钟了。________________ 三、阅读短文，用所给词的正确时态填空。 I ______ (1.be) a student in Grade 8 now. Before I ______ (2.enter) middle school, I ______ (3.study) in a primary school for six years. I ______ (4.have) many good memories of my primary school life. Last year, our school ______ (5.hold) a sports meeting. It was the first time that I ______ (6.participate) in the long jump. I practiced hard every day. Before the competition, I ______ (7.practice) for three weeks. Although I was very nervous, I ______ (8.try) my best. To my surprise, I ______ (9.win) the first prize! It was one of ______ (10.exciting) moments in my life. 四、写作。 Changes in My Life 提示：请用比较级和完成时态描述你生活中的变化。内容包括： 1. 过去和现在的对比（用used to和比较级）； 2. 生活中发生的变化（用现在完成时）； 3. 你的感受。 _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Part 5 本讲总结 核心考点速记 【比较级最高级】 比较级：两者比较，than标志，er或more 最高级：三者以上，the标志，est或most，in/of短语表范围 as + 原级 + as（一样）/ not as/so + 原级 + as（不如） 比较级+and+比较级：越来越…… the + 比较级，the + 比较级：越……越…… 【过去完成时】 结构：had + 过去分词（"过去的过去"） 标志词：by + 过去时间, before, after, when, already 句型：By the time I..., ... had already... 【延续性动词转化】（重点！） buy→have, borrow→keep, leave→be away, join→be in, die→be dead, begin→be on 参考答案 Part 3 基础巩固 一. (1) taller (2) best (3) more interesting (4) fastest (5) hotter; hotter (6) smart (7) harder; better (8) more beautiful (9) the most popular (10) stronger 二. 1. B 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. B 11. C 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. B 三. (1) as tall as (2) any other (3) has had (4) have been in (5) the most beautiful (6) had; left 四. (1) for (2) since (3) since (4) for (5) since (6) for (7) since (8) since Part 4 提高挑战 一. (1) more taller → taller (2) beautifuler → more beautiful (3) borrowed → had (4) started前加had (5) hot and hot → hotter and hotter (6) taller → tallest（三者比较）(7) has joined → has been in (8) will get → get 二. (1) Tom is taller than his brother. (2) This is the most interesting book (that) I have ever read. (3) By last year, he had learned 2,000 English words. (4) She has been in the English club since 2018. (5) The harder you work, the luckier you will be. (6) The movie has been on for ten minutes. 三. (1) am (2) entered (3) had studied (4) have (5) held (6) had participated (7) had practiced (8) tried (9) won (10) the most exciting 四. (略) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $