专题03 简单句的基本句型（暑假复习讲义）新九年级英语新教材仁爱科普版

专题03 简单句的基本句型 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系 脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区 典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 简单句的基本句型 1. 双宾语结构 (S+V+IO+DO) 考点：间接宾语（人）和直接宾语（物）的位置互换。 2. 宾语补足语 (S+V+O+C) 考点：宾语和补足语之间的逻辑关系（主谓或主表）。 3. 主系表结构的“假”动词 (S+P) 考点：区分系动词和实义动词。 4. There be 结构的“就近原则” 考点：谓语动词的单复数由最近的主语决定。 1. 语境化单选题 不是考“哪个语法对”，而是“哪个句子最合适”。 2. 篇章语法填空 在短文中，需要根据上下文判断动词是作谓语（决定时态/语态）还是非谓语。 3. 写作中的句型升级 反推出题：写作时能否将简单句合并为复合句？ 基础版：He studied hard. He passed the exam. 升级版：Because he studied hard, he passed the exam. 4. 口语化交际题 直接考查对“倒装句”或“祈使句”的回应。 考情解码： 特征1：从“识别句型”转向“句型对比” 现在考：在同一个语境里区分系动词和实义动词。 特征2：借“非谓语”反推“简单句谓语唯一” 语法填空里，不给连词 → 只能有一个谓语动词 → 其他动词必须变成非谓语。 特征3：写作中隐性考查“句型丰富度” 阅卷明确要求： 不能全是 S+V+O 必须有 S+V+IO+DO 或 S+V+O+C 高频考点频次排序 排名 考点 典型失分点 1 主系表（系动词辨析） feel / taste 后误加副词 2 双宾语（to / for 互换） explain / suggest 不能接sb sth 3 宾补（省略to / 非谓语形式） 被动语态中to被还原 4 There be 就近原则 出现 There have 错误 5 简单句与并列句的边界 无连词却写两个谓语 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 知识点 基本句型 一、英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 二、英语五种基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一： S＋V（主＋谓） 基本句型二： S＋V＋P（主＋系＋表） 基本句型三： S＋V＋O（主＋谓＋宾） 基本句型四： S＋V＋IO＋DO主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 基本句型五： S＋V＋O＋OC（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 基本句型六： there be句型 基本句型一：S＋V（主＋谓） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。例如： 动作本身已完整，不需要宾语。 谓语动词为不及物动词。 例1.　 The sun rises. （rise-rose-risen 是vi，不能带O.） 例2.　 My brother works in a bank. 例3.　 The car stopped. 例4.　 The man died peacefully. 例5.　 The first impression counts/matters. 例6.　 Class activities will vary from day to day. 例7.　 They first met at the age of 20. 基本句型二：S＋V＋P（主＋系＋表） 此句型句子的谓语动词不能独立表达完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做系动词。系动词分两类： （1）表示状态的系动词。这些词有：be， look， seem， appear， smell， taste， sound， keep， remain等。 （2）表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become， get， grow， turn， go， come， prove等。 1. This is an English dictionary. 2. The lunch smells good. 基本句型三：S＋V＋O（主＋谓＋宾） 此句型句子的共同特点：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词（词组）叫做及物动词（词组）。 谓语动词必须是vt或vt的动词词组；宾语必须是名词或相当于名词的成分。 例1.Who knows the answer? 例2.She laugh at her. 例3.He understands English. 例4.He made cakes. 例5.They ate some apples. 例6.Danny likes donuts. 例7. I want to have a cup of tea. 例8.He said Good morning. 易错题型 1 ：只带 V-ing 做宾语的动词有： suggest，advise，stop，resist，enjoy，imagine，finish，admit， excuse，delay，practise, consider， keep，mind， understand，avoid，miss，risk ，succeed in，be busy，be worth，be used to，give up，look forward to 易错提醒 2 ：带 to do 做宾语的动词有： offer, learn, intend, plan, demand, ask, promise, help，prepare，decide, determine，refuse， dare，manage，wish, hope, want, expect， fail，pretend，choose, seem,agree, etc. 基本句型四：S＋V＋IO＋DO（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 此句型句子的共同特点：谓语动词后可以跟有两个宾语。一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物的直接宾语。间接宾语一般在前面，直接宾语在后面。 注意：有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调，这时，间接宾语前应加上介词to或for。 ★间接宾语前要用to的常用动词有：give， tell， lend， sell， teach， send， write， show， return， bring， pass， leave， offer， hand， play等。 ★间接宾语前加介词for的动词有： buy， choose， get， make， order， sing， do， save等。 1. He gave me a book/a book to me. 2. Mother bought me a book/a book for me. 3. He’s warned me of the danger. （特殊例子——直宾前加介词，只有这一种形式，不能对调） 基本句型五：S＋V＋O＋OC（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 此句型句子的共同特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 1. We keep the table clean. 2. Bill ordered him to leave. There be句型 例1.　There is a book on the desk. 例2.　I think there is a problem with the engine. 结构和含义 There be句型也叫存现句。be动词必须和最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致，遵循“就近原则”，be动词也有时态上的变化。 结构： There be + 主语 + 地点状语 含义：在某地或某时有某人或某物”，强调的是存在的关系。 例如： 1. There is a book on the desk.（桌子上有一本书。） 2. There are some students in the classroom.（教室里有一些学生。） be 动词的选择 当主语是可数名词单数或者不可数名词时，be 动词用 is。 There is some water in the bottle.（瓶子里有一些水。）“water” 是不可数名词，所以用 is。 There is a dog in the yard.（院子里有一只狗。）“a dog” 是可数名词单数，用 is。 当主语是可数名词复数时，be 动词用 are。 There are many trees in the park.（公园里有许多树。）“many trees” 是可数名词复数，用 are。 There be句型的肯定句、否定句和疑问句结构如下： There be 句型的时态 ①一般现在时：there is/are There is a book on the desk.桌子上有一本书。 ②一般过去时：there was/were、 there used to be There was a bike under the tree yesterday.昨天树下有一辆自行车。  ③一般将来时：there will be、 there is/are going to be There is going to be a football match in our school next week.下周我们学校将有一场足球赛。 There will be a football game next Friday. 下星期五将会有一场足球比赛。 ④现在完成时： There has/ have been There have been many such accidents.发生过很多这样的事故。 ⑤there be句子的变式 there be结构可以与情态动词can/could, may/might, must, should, ought to, used to连用，此时情态动词应放在there与be之间。 There+情态动词+be 表肯定推测：there may/must be：可能有/肯定有 There must be many people in the museum. 博物馆里一定有许多人。 表否定推测：there can't be：不可能有 There can't be forty books in the schoolbag.书包里不可能有40本书。 【典例破题】 1．The sentence “My computer freezes.” belongs to the pattern ________. A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．There be... 【答案】A 【详解】句意：句子“我的电脑死机了。”属于________结构。 “My computer”是主语，“freezes”是不及物动词作谓语，后面不带宾语，属于主谓结构。 2．The sentence pattern of the sentence “The old man feels better today” is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+O+OC 【答案】B 【详解】句意：“这位老人今天感觉好多了。”的句型是S+V+P。 句子“The old man feels better today”中，“The old man”是主语，“feels”是系动词，“better”是形容词作表语，“today”是时间状语。该句结构符合“主语+系动词+表语”，故填S+V+P。 3．Which is the sentence pattern of “I like reading very much”? A．S+V+O B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V D．S+V+P 【答案】A 【详解】句意：“我非常喜欢阅读”是什么句型？ I是主语，like是谓语，reading是宾语，very much是状语。该句核心成分为主语+谓语+宾语。应填S+V+O。 4．Which is the sentence structure of “The nature reserve provides a great home for animals”? A．S+V B．S+V+P C．S+V+O+O D．S+V+O+C 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“自然保护区为动物提供了一个很好的家园。”的句子结构是什么？ S+V主谓；S+V+P主系表；S+V+O+O主谓双宾；S+V+O+C主谓宾宾补。根据句中动词provides的用法“provide sth. for sb.（为某人提供某物）”可知，句子包含主语、谓语、两个宾语，应选S+V+O+O。 5．Which of the following shows the structure of “S+V+O+C”? A．We enjoy natural walks. B．Dad bought me a birdwatching book. C．The birds look beautiful. D．We found the wetland park wonderful. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下列哪一项展示了“S+V+O+C”的结构？ A项为“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”结构；B项为“主语 + 谓语 + 双宾语”结构；C项为“主语 + 系动词 + 表语”结构；D项中“wonderful”作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语“the wetland park”，满足“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾补”即“S+V+O+C”的结构。 6．There ________ a heavy rain tomorrow. You’d better take an umbrella with you. A．will have B．is going to be C．is going to have D．are going to be 【答案】B 【详解】句意：明天将有一场大雨。你最好随身带把伞。there be表示“存在”，不能与have连用，排除A和C；根据tomorrow可知用一般将来时，结构为there will be或there is/are going to be；主语a heavy rain是单数，be动词用is，排除D。 【命题解读】 考点1：主谓结构（S+V） 核心考点：不及物动词的识别——动词本身能表达完整意思，后面不需跟宾语。 考点2：主系表结构（S+V+P）——高频必考点，每年1-2题 核心考点：系动词不只是be动词，中考常考三类—— 考点3：主谓宾结构（S+V+O） 核心考点：及物动词后面必须有宾语，宾语形式多样（名词、代词、不定式、动名词均可）。 考点4：主谓双宾结构（S+V+IO+DO）——固定搭配年年考 核心考点：间接宾语（人）在前，直接宾语（物）在后；也可以互换，此时间接宾语前需加介词to或for。 接双宾语的常见动词分类（中考直接考查）： ＋to：give、show、tell、bring、send、teach、sell、pass、lend等 ＋for：make、buy、build、cook、get、find、sing、play、do、choose、order等 考点5：主谓宾宾补结构（S+V+O+OC）——易错重灾区 核心考点：宾语和宾补存在逻辑上的主谓关系，这是区分双宾语结构的关键。可用作宾补的词有形容词、名词、动词不定式、v.-ing形式、v.-ed形式、介词短语。 典型动词：感官动词（see、watch、notice、hear、feel、smell、taste）可接不带to的不定式或v.-ing/v.-ed作补语。 考点6：There be 句型 There be句型表示“某地或某时存在有某人或某物或某事”，称之为“存在句”。 基本结构：There be + 主语 + 地点/时间状语 与have/has的核心区别： There be → 表示“存在”（某地有某物） have/has → 表示“拥有”（某人有某物） 【速记口诀】 There be 表存在，have 表所属，绝不 mixed up。 就近原则看最近，系动词后形容词。 双宾 it/them 放前面，to/for 介词别糊涂。 使役感官省 to 记，否定疑问 any 出。 no 与 any 不共存，及物动词带宾语。 【巩固提升1】 一、单词拼写 1．The Olympic medals ________ from 100% recycled materials are special. (make) 2．Every minute I spent in Beijing is _____________ for me. (value) 3．Nothing ________(be) impossible. 4．The music s_____ like birds singing. 5．There ________ (be) at least eight more high-speed railways in Wuxi in five years. 【巩固提升2】 一、单项选择 1．What’s the structure of the sentence “Millie is sitting under the shade of the trees”? A．S+V+O B．S+V C．S+V+P D．S+V+IO+DO 2．The sentence “The Internet is a huge collection of websites.” belongs to the pattern ________. A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．There be 3．Which two sentences share the same sentence pattern? A．“There is a virus.” and “My computer broke.” B．“I bought a new computer.” and “The computer is fast.” C．“She sent me a message.” and “He gave me a password.” D．“We are careful online.” and “We protect our information.” 4．The structure of the sentence “Mum passes me the salt” is ________. A．S+V B．S+V+P C．S+V+O+O D．S+V+O+C 5．Which of the following is the same as “I saw him reading a book.” in structure? A．You have a very nice sister. B．The news made me happy. C．My grandpa gave me a red packet. D．He likes playing the piano. 6．________ a small wooden house at the foot of the hill. It looks so lovely. A．There is B．There are C．It is D．They are 7．What’s the sentence pattern of “He asked me to sweep the floor.”? A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+O+OC D．S+V+IO+DO 8．The sentence pattern of “We make Wu Wei City beautiful.” is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 9．Which of the following does the sentence “Sad movies often make me unhappy” belong to (属于)? A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+O+OC 10．Which of the following sentences has the same structure (结构) as “Running is a good way to exercise.”? A．People who run will have a healthier heart. B．Running gives you a chance to enjoy views. C．Starting an exercising habit sounds wonderful. 一、单项选择 1．Which of the following has a different sentence structure? A．All the students laughed. B．Peter is swimming in the pool. C．Eddie is reading a book. D．The temperature will drop below zero. 2．The sentence “He is a clever boy.” is in the structure of ________. A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+OC 3．What is the sentence structure of “Eddie is watching TV.”? A．S+V+O B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+P D．S+V 4．The sentence “I sent Kangkang an email.” belongs to the pattern ________. A．S + V + O B．S + V + P C．S + V + O + O D．S + V + O + C 5．Which of the following sentence structures is different from the others? A．They called their little dog Piggy in the beginning. B．My father bought me a toy train yesterday. C．Mum makes me breakfast every morning. D．Amy showed me some pictures of her family. 6．There ________ a sports meeting next Friday. A．is B．was C．will be D．has been 7．“I sent Kangkang an email” is a sentence pattern of ________. A．S+V+O+O B．S+V+O C．S+V+P 8．There ________ two meetings tomorrow morning. A．will have B．are going to be C．is going to be D．will has 9．Which of the following sentences’ structures is different from the others? A．I often hear some birds sing in the park. B．My father bought me a toy train yesterday. C．The robot brought Mr. Zhou some trouble. D．Moxuan showed me some pictures of his family. 10．The sentence “We all found the Internet very helpful.” belongs to the pattern ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+O+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+C 11．We hope there ________ a library in our community centre next year. A．to be B．will be C．was D．is going to 12．A good friend is like a mirror. A．主语 B．状语 C．表语 D．谓语 13．Which of the following sentences uses the sentence structure “S+V+O+O”? A．The bee is dancing happily. B．The tree grew taller after a few weeks. C．Tim built a better home for local wildlife. D．We call the wetland the “kidney” of the earth. 14．We found the internet very useful. This sentence belongs to the pattern of ________. A．S + V + O B．S + V + IO + DO C．S + V + DO + OC D．S + V + P 15．Which of the following sentences has the structure (结构) of “S + V + P (主+系+表)”? A．The Internet is helpful. B．I sent him an email. C．He works very hard. D．There is a computer here. 二、语法选择 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 Whether in summer or winter, my father and I liked climbing the mountain near my house. Walking together, my father and I had a lot of conversations, and I 1 many lessons. He always told me, “You should have goals like climbing the mountain.” 2 mountain climbing, we couldn’t have enough time to spend together because 3 was always busy working. I really got a lot from mountain climbing. It gave me a chance to talk with my father and to be in deep thought as well as to develop my 4 . Once we climbed 5 very high mountain. It was so challenging for me 6 I was only ten years old. During the first few hours of climbing, I 7 the beautiful sky, the flowers and trees and the birds’ singing. How quickly time passed! However, I got a pain in both of my legs. I wanted to give up 8 , but my father said to me, “You can always see a 9 sky than ever at the top of a mountain, but you can’t see it unless you reach the top. Only at the top can you see all of the nice things, and our lives are the same.” At that time, I was too young to understand 10 he meant. But later after that, I learned about hope and confidence. 1．A．taught B．am taught C．was taught 2．A．With B．For C．Without 3．A．he B．him C．his 4．A．patient B．patience C．patiently 5．A．a B．an C．the 6．A．although B．because C．so 7．A．enjoy B．enjoyed C．have enjoyed 8．A．climb B．to climb C．climbing 9．A．beautiful B．more beautiful C．most beautiful 10．A．what B．when C．why 三、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 on  earthquake  we  hit  scare  when  fall  quiet  lucky  disaster My name is Li Hua. I will never forget the day when a disaster 1 my city. It was a quiet afternoon. I was doing my homework in my room 2 suddenly the floor began to shake. The desk moved and some books 3 off. I heard my mother shouting, “It’s a(n) 4 ! Get under the table!” Although I was very 5 , I quickly got under the table and held its legs. I remembered I had ever learned something about earthquakes at school. Our teacher told 6 to stay calm and find a safe place in an earthquake. The shaking lasted for about 3 minutes. Then everything was 7 . I came out from under the table and ran to my mother. She was safe. We went outside and saw many people 8 the street. Some buildings had cracks on the walls. 9 , no one in our neighborhood was hurt. After that day, I realized how necessary it is to learn about natural 10 We never know when danger will come. But if we stay calm and remember what we learn, we can protect ourselves. 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 A new social media trend (潮流) called “Becoming Chinese” is getting popular around the world-more and more foreign people try out different Chinese lifestyles online. They often include everyday Chinese self-care habits, such as drinking warm water instead of cold drinks, eating cooked 1 (vegetable) rather than raw (生的) salad greens, and practicing baduanjin — 2 kind of slow exercise loved by many older Chinese people. The reason lies in the call for a 3 (healthy) and more relaxing life from the young people and the rising influence of China across the world. The Global Times noted Chinese lifestyles help people deal 4 today’s “burnout (倦怠的) society”. For example, Chinese culture 5 (value) living in peace with nature and keeping a balance between yin and yang. The “Becoming Chinese” trend shows that in a fast-changing world, Chinese lifestyles can bring order 6 peace inside. Facing uncertain modern life, many foreign young people want 7 (look) for new ways of living outside their own countries. They think highly of China. This shows China’s growing soft power. Foreigners are 8 (change) their minds, from viewing Chinese culture to joining in it by taking up small, daily habits. This online trend is a good form of cultural 9 (communicate). As China keeps developing, 10 (we) traditional culture will be known and accepted more widely. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 简单句的基本句型 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系 脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区 典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 简单句的基本句型 1. 双宾语结构 (S+V+IO+DO) 考点：间接宾语（人）和直接宾语（物）的位置互换。 2. 宾语补足语 (S+V+O+C) 考点：宾语和补足语之间的逻辑关系（主谓或主表）。 3. 主系表结构的“假”动词 (S+P) 考点：区分系动词和实义动词。 4. There be 结构的“就近原则” 考点：谓语动词的单复数由最近的主语决定。 1. 语境化单选题 不是考“哪个语法对”，而是“哪个句子最合适”。 2. 篇章语法填空 在短文中，需要根据上下文判断动词是作谓语（决定时态/语态）还是非谓语。 3. 写作中的句型升级 反推出题：写作时能否将简单句合并为复合句？ 基础版：He studied hard. He passed the exam. 升级版：Because he studied hard, he passed the exam. 4. 口语化交际题 直接考查对“倒装句”或“祈使句”的回应。 考情解码： 特征1：从“识别句型”转向“句型对比” 现在考：在同一个语境里区分系动词和实义动词。 特征2：借“非谓语”反推“简单句谓语唯一” 语法填空里，不给连词 → 只能有一个谓语动词 → 其他动词必须变成非谓语。 特征3：写作中隐性考查“句型丰富度” 阅卷明确要求： 不能全是 S+V+O 必须有 S+V+IO+DO 或 S+V+O+C 高频考点频次排序 排名 考点 典型失分点 1 主系表（系动词辨析） feel / taste 后误加副词 2 双宾语（to / for 互换） explain / suggest 不能接sb sth 3 宾补（省略to / 非谓语形式） 被动语态中to被还原 4 There be 就近原则 出现 There have 错误 5 简单句与并列句的边界 无连词却写两个谓语 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 知识点 基本句型 一、英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 二、英语五种基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一： S＋V（主＋谓） 基本句型二： S＋V＋P（主＋系＋表） 基本句型三： S＋V＋O（主＋谓＋宾） 基本句型四： S＋V＋IO＋DO主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 基本句型五： S＋V＋O＋OC（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 基本句型六： there be句型 基本句型一：S＋V（主＋谓） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。例如： 动作本身已完整，不需要宾语。 谓语动词为不及物动词。 例1.　 The sun rises. （rise-rose-risen 是vi，不能带O.） 例2.　 My brother works in a bank. 例3.　 The car stopped. 例4.　 The man died peacefully. 例5.　 The first impression counts/matters. 例6.　 Class activities will vary from day to day. 例7.　 They first met at the age of 20. 基本句型二：S＋V＋P（主＋系＋表） 此句型句子的谓语动词不能独立表达完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做系动词。系动词分两类： （1）表示状态的系动词。这些词有：be， look， seem， appear， smell， taste， sound， keep， remain等。 （2）表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become， get， grow， turn， go， come， prove等。 1. This is an English dictionary. 2. The lunch smells good. 基本句型三：S＋V＋O（主＋谓＋宾） 此句型句子的共同特点：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词（词组）叫做及物动词（词组）。 谓语动词必须是vt或vt的动词词组；宾语必须是名词或相当于名词的成分。 例1.Who knows the answer? 例2.She laugh at her. 例3.He understands English. 例4.He made cakes. 例5.They ate some apples. 例6.Danny likes donuts. 例7. I want to have a cup of tea. 例8.He said Good morning. 易错题型 1 ：只带 V-ing 做宾语的动词有： suggest，advise，stop，resist，enjoy，imagine，finish，admit， excuse，delay，practise, consider， keep，mind， understand，avoid，miss，risk ，succeed in，be busy，be worth，be used to，give up，look forward to 易错提醒 2 ：带 to do 做宾语的动词有： offer, learn, intend, plan, demand, ask, promise, help，prepare，decide, determine，refuse， dare，manage，wish, hope, want, expect， fail，pretend，choose, seem,agree, etc. 基本句型四：S＋V＋IO＋DO（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 此句型句子的共同特点：谓语动词后可以跟有两个宾语。一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物的直接宾语。间接宾语一般在前面，直接宾语在后面。 注意：有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调，这时，间接宾语前应加上介词to或for。 ★间接宾语前要用to的常用动词有：give， tell， lend， sell， teach， send， write， show， return， bring， pass， leave， offer， hand， play等。 ★间接宾语前加介词for的动词有： buy， choose， get， make， order， sing， do， save等。 1. He gave me a book/a book to me. 2. Mother bought me a book/a book for me. 3. He’s warned me of the danger. （特殊例子——直宾前加介词，只有这一种形式，不能对调） 基本句型五：S＋V＋O＋OC（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 此句型句子的共同特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 1. We keep the table clean. 2. Bill ordered him to leave. There be句型 例1.　There is a book on the desk. 例2.　I think there is a problem with the engine. 结构和含义 There be句型也叫存现句。be动词必须和最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致，遵循“就近原则”，be动词也有时态上的变化。 结构： There be + 主语 + 地点状语 含义：在某地或某时有某人或某物”，强调的是存在的关系。 例如： 1. There is a book on the desk.（桌子上有一本书。） 2. There are some students in the classroom.（教室里有一些学生。） be 动词的选择 当主语是可数名词单数或者不可数名词时，be 动词用 is。 There is some water in the bottle.（瓶子里有一些水。）“water” 是不可数名词，所以用 is。 There is a dog in the yard.（院子里有一只狗。）“a dog” 是可数名词单数，用 is。 当主语是可数名词复数时，be 动词用 are。 There are many trees in the park.（公园里有许多树。）“many trees” 是可数名词复数，用 are。 There be句型的肯定句、否定句和疑问句结构如下： There be 句型的时态 ①一般现在时：there is/are There is a book on the desk.桌子上有一本书。 ②一般过去时：there was/were、 there used to be There was a bike under the tree yesterday.昨天树下有一辆自行车。  ③一般将来时：there will be、 there is/are going to be There is going to be a football match in our school next week.下周我们学校将有一场足球赛。 There will be a football game next Friday. 下星期五将会有一场足球比赛。 ④现在完成时： There has/ have been There have been many such accidents.发生过很多这样的事故。 ⑤there be句子的变式 there be结构可以与情态动词can/could, may/might, must, should, ought to, used to连用，此时情态动词应放在there与be之间。 There+情态动词+be 表肯定推测：there may/must be：可能有/肯定有 There must be many people in the museum. 博物馆里一定有许多人。 表否定推测：there can't be：不可能有 There can't be forty books in the schoolbag.书包里不可能有40本书。 【典例破题】 1．The sentence “My computer freezes.” belongs to the pattern ________. A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．There be... 【答案】A 【详解】句意：句子“我的电脑死机了。”属于________结构。 “My computer”是主语，“freezes”是不及物动词作谓语，后面不带宾语，属于主谓结构。 2．The sentence pattern of the sentence “The old man feels better today” is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+O+OC 【答案】B 【详解】句意：“这位老人今天感觉好多了。”的句型是S+V+P。 句子“The old man feels better today”中，“The old man”是主语，“feels”是系动词，“better”是形容词作表语，“today”是时间状语。该句结构符合“主语+系动词+表语”，故填S+V+P。 3．Which is the sentence pattern of “I like reading very much”? A．S+V+O B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V D．S+V+P 【答案】A 【详解】句意：“我非常喜欢阅读”是什么句型？ I是主语，like是谓语，reading是宾语，very much是状语。该句核心成分为主语+谓语+宾语。应填S+V+O。 4．Which is the sentence structure of “The nature reserve provides a great home for animals”? A．S+V B．S+V+P C．S+V+O+O D．S+V+O+C 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“自然保护区为动物提供了一个很好的家园。”的句子结构是什么？ S+V主谓；S+V+P主系表；S+V+O+O主谓双宾；S+V+O+C主谓宾宾补。根据句中动词provides的用法“provide sth. for sb.（为某人提供某物）”可知，句子包含主语、谓语、两个宾语，应选S+V+O+O。 5．Which of the following shows the structure of “S+V+O+C”? A．We enjoy natural walks. B．Dad bought me a birdwatching book. C．The birds look beautiful. D．We found the wetland park wonderful. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下列哪一项展示了“S+V+O+C”的结构？ A项为“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”结构；B项为“主语 + 谓语 + 双宾语”结构；C项为“主语 + 系动词 + 表语”结构；D项中“wonderful”作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语“the wetland park”，满足“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾补”即“S+V+O+C”的结构。 6．There ________ a heavy rain tomorrow. You’d better take an umbrella with you. A．will have B．is going to be C．is going to have D．are going to be 【答案】B 【详解】句意：明天将有一场大雨。你最好随身带把伞。there be表示“存在”，不能与have连用，排除A和C；根据tomorrow可知用一般将来时，结构为there will be或there is/are going to be；主语a heavy rain是单数，be动词用is，排除D。 【命题解读】 考点1：主谓结构（S+V） 核心考点：不及物动词的识别——动词本身能表达完整意思，后面不需跟宾语。 考点2：主系表结构（S+V+P）——高频必考点，每年1-2题 核心考点：系动词不只是be动词，中考常考三类—— 考点3：主谓宾结构（S+V+O） 核心考点：及物动词后面必须有宾语，宾语形式多样（名词、代词、不定式、动名词均可）。 考点4：主谓双宾结构（S+V+IO+DO）——固定搭配年年考 核心考点：间接宾语（人）在前，直接宾语（物）在后；也可以互换，此时间接宾语前需加介词to或for。 接双宾语的常见动词分类（中考直接考查）： ＋to：give、show、tell、bring、send、teach、sell、pass、lend等 ＋for：make、buy、build、cook、get、find、sing、play、do、choose、order等 考点5：主谓宾宾补结构（S+V+O+OC）——易错重灾区 核心考点：宾语和宾补存在逻辑上的主谓关系，这是区分双宾语结构的关键。可用作宾补的词有形容词、名词、动词不定式、v.-ing形式、v.-ed形式、介词短语。 典型动词：感官动词（see、watch、notice、hear、feel、smell、taste）可接不带to的不定式或v.-ing/v.-ed作补语。 考点6：There be 句型 There be句型表示“某地或某时存在有某人或某物或某事”，称之为“存在句”。 基本结构：There be + 主语 + 地点/时间状语 与have/has的核心区别： There be → 表示“存在”（某地有某物） have/has → 表示“拥有”（某人有某物） 【速记口诀】 There be 表存在，have 表所属，绝不 mixed up。 就近原则看最近，系动词后形容词。 双宾 it/them 放前面，to/for 介词别糊涂。 使役感官省 to 记，否定疑问 any 出。 no 与 any 不共存，及物动词带宾语。 【巩固提升1】 一、单词拼写 1．The Olympic medals ________ from 100% recycled materials are special. (make) 【答案】made 【详解】句意：由100%可回收材料制成的奥林匹克奖牌是很特别的。 make是动词，意为“制作”；句中The Olympic medals是主语，are是系动词，special是表语，句式结构为：主+系+表；由于The Olympic medals与make是逻辑上的被动关系，而make在句中不作谓语，所以此处使用make的过去分词made，made from 100% recycled materials作主语的后置定语。故填made。 2．Every minute I spent in Beijing is _____________ for me. (value) 【答案】valuable 【详解】句意：我在北京度过的每一分钟对我来说都是宝贵的。根据系动词“is”可知，该句为系表结构，用形容词“valuable宝贵的”作表语。故填valuable。 3．Nothing ________(be) impossible. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：没有什么不可能。陈述事实，句子用一般现在时，且此句是主系表结构，不定代词nothing作主语，be动词用is，故填is。 4．The music s_____ like birds singing. 【答案】(s)ounds 【详解】句意：音乐听起来像鸟在唱歌。根据“like birds singing”可知这是在表达说明主语“The music”的特征，因此此句为“主系表结构”，此空需用系动词，根据句意可知系动词用sound表示“听起来”，主语“The music”是第三人称单数，因此动词用三单形式。故填(s)ounds。 5．There ________ (be) at least eight more high-speed railways in Wuxi in five years. 【答案】will be 【详解】句意：五年内，无锡将至少再增加八条高速铁路。根据“in Wuxi in five years”可知，用一般将来时“will do”，there be句型用于一般将来时，结构为“there will be”。故填will be。 【巩固提升2】 一、单项选择 1．What’s the structure of the sentence “Millie is sitting under the shade of the trees”? A．S+V+O B．S+V C．S+V+P D．S+V+IO+DO 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Millie正坐在树荫下。 分析句子成分可知，Millie 是主语（S）；is sitting是谓语动词（V），sit为不及物动词；under the shade of the trees是地点状语，不属于句子主干成分。因此本句的结构是：S+V。 2．The sentence “The Internet is a huge collection of websites.” belongs to the pattern ________. A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．There be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：句子“The Internet is a huge collection of websites.”属于“S+V+P”结构。分析句子可知，The Internet作主语；is是系动词；a huge collection of websites作表语；因此，该句属于“S+V+P”结构。 3．Which two sentences share the same sentence pattern? A．“There is a virus.” and “My computer broke.” B．“I bought a new computer.” and “The computer is fast.” C．“She sent me a message.” and “He gave me a password.” D．“We are careful online.” and “We protect our information.” 【答案】C 【详解】句意：哪两个句子拥有相同的句子结构？ A项前者为There be句型，后者为主谓结构（SV）；B项前者为主谓宾结构（SVO），后者为主系表结构（SVC）；C项“She sent me a message.”意为“她发给我一条信息”，“He gave me a password.”意为“他给了我一个密码”，两句均为主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（SVOO）结构；D项前者为主系表结构（SVC），后者为主谓宾结构（SVO）。 4．The structure of the sentence “Mum passes me the salt” is ________. A．S+V B．S+V+P C．S+V+O+O D．S+V+O+C 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“Mum passes me the salt”这个句子的结构是？ S+V (主语+谓语)；S+V+P (主语+谓语+表语)；S+V+O+O (主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语)；S+V+O+C (主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语)。“Mum passes me the salt”中，Mum是主语 (S)，passes是谓语 (V)，me是间接宾语 (IO)，the salt是直接宾语 (DO)，属于双宾语结构，即S+V+O+O。 5．Which of the following is the same as “I saw him reading a book.” in structure? A．You have a very nice sister. B．The news made me happy. C．My grandpa gave me a red packet. D．He likes playing the piano. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：下列哪项在结构上与“I saw him reading a book.”相同？ You have a very nice sister. 你有一个非常漂亮的姐姐（主谓宾结构：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语）；The news made me happy. 这个消息让我很高兴（主谓宾宾补结构：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语）；My grandpa gave me a red packet. 我爷爷给我了一个红包（主谓双宾结构：主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语）；He likes playing the piano. 他喜欢弹钢琴（主谓宾结构：主语 + 谓语 + 动名词短语作宾语）。题干中的例句“I saw him reading a book.”属于“主语 (I) + 谓语 (saw) + 宾语 (him) + 宾语补足语 (reading a book)”结构（现在分词短语作宾语补足语）。在四个选项中，只有B选项中的happy作宾语me的补足语，充当宾补，属于“主谓宾宾补”结构。 6．________ a small wooden house at the foot of the hill. It looks so lovely. A．There is B．There are C．It is D．They are 【答案】A 【详解】句意：山脚下有一座小木屋。它看起来很可爱。 表示某地存在某物应用There be句型，be动词的形式要看后面紧跟的主语，遵循“就近原则”，主语a small wooden house是单数，be动词用is。There is符合题意。 7．What’s the sentence pattern of “He asked me to sweep the floor.”? A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+O+OC D．S+V+IO+DO 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“他让我扫地。”的句型结构是什么？ 考查基本句型。S+V主语+谓语；S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语；S+V+O+OC主语+谓语+宾语+宾补；S+V+IO+DO主语+谓语+间宾+直宾。He是主语，asked是谓语，me是宾语，to sweep the floor是宾语补足语。故选C。 8．The sentence pattern of “We make Wu Wei City beautiful.” is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“我们让无为市美丽。”的句型是S+V+DO+OC。 考查基本句型。S+V+O表示“主语+及物动词+宾语”；S+V+P表示“主语+系动词+表语”；S+V+IO+DO表示“主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”；S+V+DO+OC表示“主语+及物动词+直接宾语+宾语补足语”。句子“We make Wu Wei City beautiful.”的主语是“We”，谓语是“make”，直接宾语是“Wu Wei City”，宾语补足语是“beautiful”，因此是“S+V+DO+OC”句型。故选D。 9．Which of the following does the sentence “Sad movies often make me unhappy” belong to (属于)? A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+O+OC 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“悲伤的电影经常让我不开心”这句话属于下列哪一种？ 考查基本句型。Sad movies作主语；often是状语部分；make作谓语；me作宾语；unhappy作宾语补足语。故选C。 10．Which of the following sentences has the same structure (结构) as “Running is a good way to exercise.”? A．People who run will have a healthier heart. B．Running gives you a chance to enjoy views. C．Starting an exercising habit sounds wonderful. 【答案】C 【详解】句意：以下哪个句子与“跑步是一种很好的锻炼方式”结构相同？考查句子结构。原句“Running is a good way to exercise.”的结构是“动名词+系动词+表语”，即“Running（动名词）+ is（系动词）+ a good way to exercise（表语）”。 A句“People who run will have a healthier heart.”是主谓宾结构，不符合。B句“Running gives you a chance to enjoy views.”是“动名词+谓语+宾语+宾语”结构，不符合。C句“Starting an exercising habit sounds wonderful.”的结构是“动名词+系动词+表语”，与原句结构相同，故选C。 一、单项选择 1．Which of the following has a different sentence structure? A．All the students laughed. B．Peter is swimming in the pool. C．Eddie is reading a book. D．The temperature will drop below zero. 【答案】C 【详解】句意：下面哪一个句子结构不同？ All the students laughed：主语+谓语（S+V）结构。Peter is swimming in the pool：主语+谓语+地点状语（S+V+地点状语），本质仍为S+V。Eddie is reading a book：主语+谓语+宾语（S+V+O）结构，与其他不同。The temperature will drop below zero：主语+谓语+表语（S+V+表语），本质为S+V。 2．The sentence “He is a clever boy.” is in the structure of ________. A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+OC 【答案】C 【详解】句意：句子“He is a clever boy.”的结构是______。 S+V(主语+谓语)；S+V+O (主语+谓语+宾语)；S+V+P(主语+系动词+表语)；S+V+O+OC(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语)。 句中He是主语(S)，is是系动词(V)，a clever boy是表语(P)，属于主系表结构，对应S+V+P。 3．What is the sentence structure of “Eddie is watching TV.”? A．S+V+O B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+P D．S+V 【答案】A 【详解】句意：“Eddie is watching TV.”这句话的句子结构是什么？ S+V+O主谓宾结构；S+V+IO+DO主谓双宾结构；S+V+P主系表结构；S+V主谓结构。Eddie是主语S，is watching是谓语V，TV是宾语O，该句为主谓宾结构，应填S+V+O。 4．The sentence “I sent Kangkang an email.” belongs to the pattern ________. A．S + V + O B．S + V + P C．S + V + O + O D．S + V + O + C 【答案】C 【详解】句意：句子“I sent Kangkang an email.”属于句型“S + V + O + O”结构。 分析句子成分可知，I是主语，sent是谓语，Kangkang是间接宾语，an email是直接宾语，该句的结构为“S + V + O + O”。 5．Which of the following sentence structures is different from the others? A．They called their little dog Piggy in the beginning. B．My father bought me a toy train yesterday. C．Mum makes me breakfast every morning. D．Amy showed me some pictures of her family. 【答案】A 【详解】句意：下列哪个句子的结构与其他选项不同？ 选项A：They (主语) called (谓语) their little dog (宾语) Piggy (宾语补足语)；选项B：My father (主语) bought (谓语) me (间接宾语) a toy train (直接宾语) yesterday.；选项C：Mum (主语) makes (谓语) me (间接宾语) breakfast (直接宾语) every morning.；选项D：Amy (主语) showed (谓语) me (间接宾语) some pictures (直接宾语) of her family.因为B、C、D均为双宾语结构，只有A是主谓宾宾补结构，因此A的句子结构与其他三个不同。 6．There ________ a sports meeting next Friday. A．is B．was C．will be D．has been 【答案】C 【详解】句意：下周五将有一场运动会。 根据时间状语“next Friday”，表示将来时间，应用一般将来时，there be句型的一般将来时为there will be，应填will be。 7．“I sent Kangkang an email” is a sentence pattern of ________. A．S+V+O+O B．S+V+O C．S+V+P 【答案】A 【详解】句意：“我发给康康一封电子邮件”是一个“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”的句型。   S+V+O+O（主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语）；S+V+O（主语+谓语+宾语）；S+V+P（主语+系动词+表语）。  句子“I sent Kangkang an email”中，I是主语（S），sent是谓语动词（V），Kangkang是间接宾语（O），an email是直接宾语（O），因此属于“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构，即S+V+O+O。 8．There ________ two meetings tomorrow morning. A．will have B．are going to be C．is going to be D．will has 【答案】B 【详解】句意：明天上午将有两场会议。 will have将会有，there be句型不能与have连用，结构错误。are going to be将会有，there be句型的一般将来时。is going to be将会有，there be句型的一般将来时。will has语法错误。这是there be句型的一般将来时，there be句型的一般将来时结构为there will be或there is/are going to be，不能与have连用，主语two meetings是复数，所以be动词要用are。 9．Which of the following sentences’ structures is different from the others? A．I often hear some birds sing in the park. B．My father bought me a toy train yesterday. C．The robot brought Mr. Zhou some trouble. D．Moxuan showed me some pictures of his family. 【答案】A 【详解】句意：以下哪个句子的结构与其他句子不同？ hear some birds sing为“谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构（hear sb. do sth.，sing作宾语补足语）；bought me a toy train为“谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”结构（buy sb. sth.）；brought Mr. Zhou some trouble为“谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”结构（bring sb. sth.）；showed me some pictures为“谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”结构（show sb. sth.）。B、C、D三项均涉及双宾语结构，只有A项是宾语补足语结构。 10．The sentence “We all found the Internet very helpful.” belongs to the pattern ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+O+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+C 【答案】D 【详解】句意：句子“We all found the Internet very helpful.”属于“S+V+O+C”结构。 We“我们”，作主语；found“发现”，作谓语；the Internet“互联网”，作宾语；very helpful“很有帮助的”，作宾语补足语，用来补充说明宾语的状态。因此，句子结构是“S+V+O+C”。 11．We hope there ________ a library in our community centre next year. A．to be B．will be C．was D．is going to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们希望明年我们的社区中心将会有一个图书馆。 根据“next year”可知，时态是一般将来时，句子是there be句型，其将来时结构为“there will be”或“there is going to be”，选项中只有B选项符合其结构。 12．A good friend is like a mirror. A．主语 B．状语 C．表语 D．谓语 【答案】C 【详解】句意：好朋友就像一面镜子。 句中“A good friend”是主语，“is”是系动词，划线部分“like a mirror”位于系动词之后，作表语，用来说明主语的特征或状态。 13．Which of the following sentences uses the sentence structure “S+V+O+O”? A．The bee is dancing happily. B．The tree grew taller after a few weeks. C．Tim built a better home for local wildlife. D．We call the wetland the “kidney” of the earth. 【答案】C 【详解】句意：下列哪一个句子使用了“主语+谓语+双宾语（S+V+O+O）”的结构？ A项“The bee is dancing happily.”为S+V结构；B项“The tree grew taller after a few weeks.”为S+V+P结构；C项“Tim built a better home for local wildlife.”为S+V+O+O结构；D项“We call the wetland the ‘kidney’ of the earth.”为S+V+O+OC结构。根据“Tim built a better home for local wildlife.”可知，Tim为主语S，built为谓语V，a better home为直接宾语O，for local wildlife为间接宾语O。该句采用了“及物动词+直接宾语+for+对象”的表达方式，属于双宾语结构的常见变体，符合S+V+O+O结构。 14．We found the internet very useful. This sentence belongs to the pattern of ________. A．S + V + O B．S + V + IO + DO C．S + V + DO + OC D．S + V + P 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们发现互联网非常有用。这个句子的结构是“主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补”。 We“我们”，作主语；found“发现”，作谓语；the internet“互联网”，作宾语；very useful“非常有用的”，作宾语补足语。因此句子结构是S+V+DO+OC。 15．Which of the following sentences has the structure (结构) of “S + V + P (主+系+表)”? A．The Internet is helpful. B．I sent him an email. C．He works very hard. D．There is a computer here. 【答案】A 【详解】句意：以下哪个句子是“主 + 系 + 表”结构？ A项The Internet is helpful.结构为：主语 + 系动词 + 表语；B项I sent him an email.结构为：主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语；C项He works very hard.结构为：主语 + 谓语 + 状语；D项There is a computer here.为There be句型。 二、语法选择 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 Whether in summer or winter, my father and I liked climbing the mountain near my house. Walking together, my father and I had a lot of conversations, and I 1 many lessons. He always told me, “You should have goals like climbing the mountain.” 2 mountain climbing, we couldn’t have enough time to spend together because 3 was always busy working. I really got a lot from mountain climbing. It gave me a chance to talk with my father and to be in deep thought as well as to develop my 4 . Once we climbed 5 very high mountain. It was so challenging for me 6 I was only ten years old. During the first few hours of climbing, I 7 the beautiful sky, the flowers and trees and the birds’ singing. How quickly time passed! However, I got a pain in both of my legs. I wanted to give up 8 , but my father said to me, “You can always see a 9 sky than ever at the top of a mountain, but you can’t see it unless you reach the top. Only at the top can you see all of the nice things, and our lives are the same.” At that time, I was too young to understand 10 he meant. But later after that, I learned about hope and confidence. 1．A．taught B．am taught C．was taught 2．A．With B．For C．Without 3．A．he B．him C．his 4．A．patient B．patience C．patiently 5．A．a B．an C．the 6．A．although B．because C．so 7．A．enjoy B．enjoyed C．have enjoyed 8．A．climb B．to climb C．climbing 9．A．beautiful B．more beautiful C．most beautiful 10．A．what B．when C．why 【答案】 1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．B 8．C 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文讲述作者小时候常和父亲爬山，在爬山途中父亲教会他人生道理的故事，告诉我们人生如同登山，唯有坚持登顶才能看见美好，要心怀希望与自信。 【详解】1．句意：我们边走边聊，我学到了许多人生道理。 空后接宾语“many lessons”，主语“I ”是“被父亲教会道理”，需用一般过去时被动语态was taught。taught主动语态主语应是父亲，am taught是一般现在时，时态不符，均不选。 2．句意：如果没有爬山这件事，我们根本没有足够时间相伴，因为父亲总是忙于工作。 根据上下文逻辑，爬山是父子相处的契机，Without 表示“倘若没有”。With“伴随”、For“为了”代入逻辑不通，排除。 3．句意：如果没有爬山这件事，我们根本没有足够时间相伴，因为父亲总是忙于工作。 “because”引导原因状语从句，从句缺少主语，指代父亲，用人称代词主格he。him宾格只能作宾语，his是形容词性物主代词后接名词，均不适用。 4．句意：爬山给了我和父亲谈心、深度思考的机会，还磨炼了我的耐心。 形容词性物主代词“my”后必须接名词；patience是抽象名词“耐心”。patient是形容词“有耐心的”，patiently 是副词，词性不符排除。 5．句意：有一次我们爬了一座很高的山。 “mountain”为单数可数名词，此处第一次泛指一座高山，very辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。an用于元音音素开头单词前，the表特指，不符合语境。 6．句意：这对我来说很有挑战性，因为我只有十岁。 后半句是“很有挑战性”的原因，用because引导原因状语从句。although表让步“虽然”，so表结果“因此”，逻辑不匹配。 7．句意：爬山最初的几小时里，我欣赏着澄澈的天空、花草与鸟鸣。 全文讲述儿时往事，整体为一般过去时态，用enjoyed。enjoy一般现在时，have enjoyed现在完成时，时态不匹配。 8．句意：我的双腿酸痛，我想要放弃爬山。 固定搭配give up doing sth.意为“放弃做某事”，后接动名词climbing。climb动词原形、to climb动词不定式均不符合搭配规则。 9．句意：在山顶你总能看见比以往更美的天空，但不登顶就无缘看见。 句中出现比较级标志词“than ever”，必须使用形容词比较级more beautiful。beautiful原级、most beautiful最高级不能和than连用。 10．句意那时我年纪太小，没能理解他话语里的深意。 understand后接宾语从句，从句“he meant”缺少宾语，what指代“他所说的道理、含义”，符合语境。when表时间，why表原因，无法在从句中充当宾语。 三、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 on  earthquake  we  hit  scare  when  fall  quiet  lucky  disaster My name is Li Hua. I will never forget the day when a disaster 1 my city. It was a quiet afternoon. I was doing my homework in my room 2 suddenly the floor began to shake. The desk moved and some books 3 off. I heard my mother shouting, “It’s a(n) 4 ! Get under the table!” Although I was very 5 , I quickly got under the table and held its legs. I remembered I had ever learned something about earthquakes at school. Our teacher told 6 to stay calm and find a safe place in an earthquake. The shaking lasted for about 3 minutes. Then everything was 7 . I came out from under the table and ran to my mother. She was safe. We went outside and saw many people 8 the street. Some buildings had cracks on the walls. 9 , no one in our neighborhood was hurt. After that day, I realized how necessary it is to learn about natural 10 We never know when danger will come. But if we stay calm and remember what we learn, we can protect ourselves. 【答案】 1．hit 2．when 3．fell 4．earthquake 5．scared 6．us 7．quiet 8．on 9．Luckily 10．disasters 【导语】本文讲述了作者经历的一次地震，展现地震时的应对及事后感悟。 【详解】1．句意：我永远不会忘记那个灾难袭击我的城市的那一天。空格在定语从句中作谓语，主语a disaster为单数，结合全文时态为一般过去时，hit的过去式为hit，意为 “袭击、撞击”，符合语境。 2．句意：我正在我的房间里做作业，突然地板开始摇晃。空格前后为两个分句，此处是固定句型“be doing...when...”，意为“正在做某事，这时……”。 3．句意：桌子移动了，一些书掉了下来。空格与moved并列作谓语，时态为一般过去时，fall off为固定搭配“掉落”，fall的过去式为fell。 4．句意: 地震了！到桌子下面去！后文提及earthquakes，可知此处指地震，不定冠词an后接单数名词。 5．句意：尽管我很害怕，我还是很快地钻到桌子底下，抓住桌腿。空格作表语，主语为人，需用形容词；scare为动词，其形容词scared意为“感到害怕的”。 6．句意：我们的老师告诉我们在地震中要保持冷静，并找到一个安全的地方。空格作told 宾语，需用人称代词宾格；we 宾格形式为us。 7．句意：然后一切都安静了。空格作表语，需用形容词；quiet意为“安静的”，符合地震结束后环境的状态。 8．句意：我们出去看到很多人在街上。on the street“在街上”，固定短语。 9．句意：幸运的是，我们社区没有人受伤。空格修饰整个句子，需用副词；lucky的副词形式为luckily，句首首字母大写。 10．句意：那天之后，我意识到学习自然灾难知识是多么必要。natural disasters为固定短语，意为“自然灾害”，此处表泛指，用复数形式disasters。 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 A new social media trend (潮流) called “Becoming Chinese” is getting popular around the world-more and more foreign people try out different Chinese lifestyles online. They often include everyday Chinese self-care habits, such as drinking warm water instead of cold drinks, eating cooked 1 (vegetable) rather than raw (生的) salad greens, and practicing baduanjin — 2 kind of slow exercise loved by many older Chinese people. The reason lies in the call for a 3 (healthy) and more relaxing life from the young people and the rising influence of China across the world. The Global Times noted Chinese lifestyles help people deal 4 today’s “burnout (倦怠的) society”. For example, Chinese culture 5 (value) living in peace with nature and keeping a balance between yin and yang. The “Becoming Chinese” trend shows that in a fast-changing world, Chinese lifestyles can bring order 6 peace inside. Facing uncertain modern life, many foreign young people want 7 (look) for new ways of living outside their own countries. They think highly of China. This shows China’s growing soft power. Foreigners are 8 (change) their minds, from viewing Chinese culture to joining in it by taking up small, daily habits. This online trend is a good form of cultural 9 (communicate). As China keeps developing, 10 (we) traditional culture will be known and accepted more widely. 【答案】 1．vegetables 2．a 3．healthier 4．with 5．values 6．and 7．to look 8．changing 9．communication 10．our 【导语】当下“体验中式生活” 成为海外网络潮流，越来越多外国人尝试中式日常养生习惯。本文分析这一潮流兴起的原因、文化内涵，同时指出这一现象体现了中国软实力提升与中外文化交流。 【详解】1．句意：他们经常包括一些中国人日常养生习惯，比如喝温水而不是冷饮，吃熟蔬菜而不是生沙拉。vegetable意为“蔬菜”，为可数名词，此处表示泛指，用复数形式，故填vegetables。 2．句意：以及练习八段锦——一种受到许多中国老年人喜爱的慢节奏运动。固定结构“a kind of+名词”意为“一种……”，故填a。 3． 句意：原因在于年轻人对更健康、更轻松生活的追求以及中国在世界范围内影响力的提升。and连接并列成分，与more relaxing保持一致，用比较级，healthy的比较级为healthier，故填healthier。 4．句意：《环球时报》指出，中国式生活方式帮助人们应对当今的“倦怠社会”。固定搭配deal with意为“应对；处理”，故填with。 5．句意：例如，中国文化重视与自然和谐共处以及保持阴阳平衡。句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语Chinese culture为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填values。 6．句意：中国式生活方式潮流表明，在快速变化的世界中，中国式生活能够带来内心的秩序与平静。order和peace为并列关系，用and连接，故填and。 句意：在瞬息万变的世界里，中式生活方式能让人内心安稳、平和。根据“…bring order … peace inside.”可知，order与 peace是并列名词，用并列连词and连接。 7．句意：面对不确定的现代生活，许多外国年轻人想寻找自己国家之外的新生活方式。固定搭配want to do sth.意为“想要做某事”，故填to look。 8．句意：外国人正在改变他们的想法，从了解中国文化到通过养成一些日常小习惯参与其中。根据句意可知表示正在发生的动作，用现在进行时，结构为be+doing，故填changing。 9．句意：这种网络潮流是一种很好的文化交流形式。空前有形容词cultural修饰，应用communicate的名词形式communication，故填communication。 10．句意：随着中国不断发展，我们的传统文化将会被更广泛地了解和接受。空处修饰名词traditional culture，应用形容词性物主代词our，故填our。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $