专题04 宾语从句（暑假复习讲义）新九年级英语新教材仁爱科普版

专题04 宾语从句 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系 脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区 典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 宾语从句 1.引导词选择（即连接词） 中考要求掌握（that；if / whether;what, when, where, why, how, who, whom, which）引导词的区分，重点是根据从句类型和句意来判断。 2.语序（必考且易错） 无论原句是什么句式，宾语从句都必须使用“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语”的陈述句语序。 务必与原疑问句结构区别开。 3.时态呼应 这部分需要记忆和理解以下三条核心规则。 1.题目场景化与生活化 宾语从句正从单句选择题，转变为融入对话或语篇中考查。 命题热点：选材贴近校园生活、人工智能(AI)、社交媒体、环境保护等时代热点话题。 2.考点综合化，常见的综合考查形式主要有以下两种： 与其它语法点融合：同被动语态、情态动词等一起综合考查。 在写作中应用：在作文中准确使用宾语从句，是重要的加分亮点。否定前移（I don't think...）成为新高地 当主句主语为第一人称（I/We），谓语动词为 think, believe, suppose，且表达否定意见时，否定要转移到主句。 考情解码：1.中考对宾语从句的考查，历年高度集中在三个维度上： 核心考点 考查频率 考查要点 引导词选择 ★★★★★ that / if / whether / 特殊疑问词（what/when/where/how等）的选用 语序 ★★★★★ 必须用“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语”的陈述句语序，疑问语序直接丢分 时态呼应 ★★★★☆ 主现从任意 / 主过从必过 / 真理永一现 2.题型分布：不仅考单选，还考综合 宾语从句的考查已经不再局限于单项选择，而是在多种题型中融合出现： 题型 考查方式 难度 单项选择 直接考查引导词、语序、时态三大核心 ★★☆ 完形填空 在语境中判断从句类型和引导词选择 ★★★ 语法填空/词语运用 盲填引导词、判断时态和语序 ★★★ 句型转换 直接引语转间接引语、合并句子 ★★★☆ 阅读理解 理解长难句中的宾语从句结构 ★★★（间接） 书面表达 运用宾语从句提升句式复杂度 ★★★★（加分项） 脉｜络｜重｜构 考｜点｜精｜讲 知识点 宾语从句 考向一宾语从句的概说和分类 1.定义：在复合句中作宾语的从句是宾语从句。 I think everybody likes cookies. 2. 分类：动词宾语从句 I think everybody likes cookies. 介词宾语从句 I agree with what you said just now. 形容词宾语从句 I’m afraid I can’t afford it. (sure, glad, sorry, happy, afraid) 3.结构：主句+引导词+从句(陈述句语序：主+谓+其他) 分类： 根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类： 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。 He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. 2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。 Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I don’t know why the train is late. 3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是＂是否＂。 I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 考向二 宾语从句的引导词 1.that引导陈述句作宾语从句，口语中常省略。 Tell him (that) I have read the story. She told me (that) she would like to go with us. 2． 连词if/whether引导一般疑问句作宾语从句，表“是否”，从句陈述语序（主语在谓语之前），且口语中多用if。 Do you know if he will go to school tomorrow? I wonder if /whether you have told the news to Li Lei . 注意：以下情况的宾语从句中，只能用whether，不能用if： 1　 引导词与动词不定式或or not连用时 I’m not sure whether to go or to stay. He asked me whether or not I was thirsty. 2　 当从句做介词的宾语时 We are talking about whether we'll go on the picnic. The picnic will depend on whether the weather will be fine. 3． 特殊疑问词引导特殊疑问句作宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序。 He didn’t know when he would leave for shanghai. Could you tell me what is wrong with you? （一）that引导的宾语从句 that 是宾语从句的一个引导词，放在主句和从句之间。它引导的宾语从句由陈述句转化而来，故从句的语序不变。在that 引导的宾语从句中，that 作连接代词，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中通常可以省略。 一、that 引导的宾语从句的用法 1. 位置：that 引导的宾语从句通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）、介词或形容词之后。 ①作及物动词，如：say，think，tell，know，hear，see，hope，wish，remember，forget等的宾语。如：　 She says that she will help me learn English this evening.她说今天晚上她会帮我学英语。 ②作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except，but，in之后。如： He is a good boy except that he is careless. 他是一个好男孩，只是有点儿粗心。 ③作＂be + 形容词＂结构的宾语。某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，如：sure，glad，certain，pleased，sorry，happy，afraid等，连词that可省略。如： I’m happy (that) I passed the exam. 我很高兴我通过了考试。 2. 时态：主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据具体情况选用适当的时态；主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句中也必须用过去的某种时态。试比较： He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。 He said that he wanted to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。 【特别提醒】 当主句是一般过去时，而宾语从句的内容表示的是客观真理、事实、科学原理、自然现象、名言警句、格言、谚语等时，此时宾语从句用一般现在时，这些情况下不受主句时态的限制。如： The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. 老师告诉我们地球围绕着太阳转。 3. 引导词that可以省略的几种情况： 引导宾语从句的连词that通常可以省略： She said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。 I promise you (that) I will be there. 我答应你我会去的。 I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。 He thinks (that) they will give him a visa. 他想他们会给他签证。 He thought (that) they would give him a visa. 他本想他们会给他签证。 I expect (that) the plane will be diverted. 我料想飞机会改变航线。 【注意】有时为了强调，that引导的宾语从句可位于句首，此时that不可省略： That she is a good girl I know. 她是一个好姑娘，我是知道的。 4. 引导词that不能省略的几种情况： that在引导宾语从句时，并不是在任何情况下都可以省略，在以下几种情况下，that不能省略。 ①从句的主语是that时，that不能省略； We know that is an interesting film. 我们知道那是一部有趣的电影。 ②and连接的两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从句的连词that，但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如： He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice. 他告诉我他们决定不了去做什么并且问了我的意见。 ③that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。如： I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. 对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。 5. 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如： We thought it strange that Xiao Zhang did not come yesterday. 小张昨天没来，我们觉得很奇怪。 6. 宾语从句的否定转移。 在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句，当主句的主语是第一人称时，谓语尽管是否定的意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式，英语称这种现象为否定转移。如： ①我认为今晚他不能来。 【误】I think he can’t come this evening. 【正】I don’t think he can come this evening. ②他认为我们现在不在教室里。 【误】He doesn’t think we are in the classroom now. 【正】He thinks we are not in the classroom now. 【特别警示】 含有＂否定转移＂现象的句子，主句的主语必须是第一人称，此时，变成反意疑问句，附加问句要由从句来决定；如果主句的主语是其他人称，附加问句要由主句来决定。如： I don’t think he is right, is he? 我认为他不对，是吗？ He thinks I can come, doesn’t he? 他认为我能来，是不是？ 7. 如果宾语从句中含有否定意义的副词或形容词。如：hardly，never，seldom，no，few，little等，其反意疑问句要用肯定形式。如： We find that he seldom goes to visit his mother, does he? 我们发现他不常看望他的妈妈，是吗？ 8. that引导的宾语从句变成被动语态时，只变主句，不变从句。实际上，我们经常把It is said that ...（据说……）；It is known that ...（众所周知……）；It is reported that ...（据报告……）等当作固定句式来运用。如： It is said that he is from Canada. 据说他来自加拿大。 （二）if/whether引导的宾语从句 当从句部分是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时，常用if或whether引导宾语从句，if/whether意为＂是否＂。说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在see，ask，say，learn，tell，wonder，doubt，find out，be uncertain /doubtful / be not known 等后，二者通常可以互换。口语中多用if代替whether。在非正式的写作中，可以使用if 或 whether 两个词来表达不定性，两者都算标准。 I wonder if/whether he is a driver. 我想知道他是不是个司机。 Alice wants to know if/whether she has passed the exam. 爱丽丝想知道她是否考试及格了。 Lily asked if/whether she liked it. 莉莉问她是否喜欢它。 I want to know if (whether) he lives there. 我想知道他是否住在这儿。 He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 他问我是否可以帮助他。 【拓展】 一般情况下，if和whether可互换，在口语中多用if， 而在以下几种情况下，只能用whether。 1. 与 or 连用分别引导两个从句时，或强调两方面的选择, 特别是句中有or not时用whether，不用if。 I don’t know whether or not they will come. 我不知道他们是否会来。 I don’t know whether he is wrong or she is wrong. Let me know whether you can come or not. I don’t know whether he will win or not.  I will write to you whether or not I can come / whether I can come or not. 2. 在动词不定式之前只能用whether。 He doesn’t know whether to go or not. 他不知道是否会去。 Please tell us whether to go there or stay here. 请告诉我们是去那里还是待在这里。 Whether to go or stay is still a question. I’m not sure whether to stay or leave. I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry. 3. 在介词之后只能用whether引导宾语从句，而If则不能。 It depends on whether I have enough time. 那取决于我是否有足够的时间。 Success depends on whether we make enough effort. I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll go back home. It depends on whether the letter arrives in time. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 4. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，用whether，不用if。 Whether this is true, I can’t say. Whether he is single, I don’t know. Whether this is true, I can’t say. Whether he is single, I don’t know. 5. 在某些动词（如discuss，decide）之后，只能用whether，而不用if引导宾语从句。 We discussed whether we should close the shop. （虚拟语气） We discussed whether we should go there by plane.（虚拟语气） We discussed whether we should hold a meeting. （虚拟语气） 6. 在引导否定概念宾语从句时，只能用if，而不用whether。 He asked me if I hadn’t finished my work. 注意：doubt否定句用that引导。因为don’t doubt 意为相信，不怀疑，if是否表示疑虑。 （三）疑问词引导的宾语从句 特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，由疑问词 when, who, what, where, whatever, how，which, why等引导。宾语从句的词序一律用陈述句的词序，即＂主语+谓语＂词序。 ①带有系动词be（is，am，are，was,were)的特殊疑问句。 主句 宾语从句 Do you know how old Maria is? 你知道玛利亚岁吗? I know how old Maria is. 我知道玛利亚几岁。 I don’t know how old Maria is. 我不知道玛利亚几岁。 宾语从句＂how old Maria is＂是主句动词know的宾语。how在从句中作副词。注意从句的顺序，主语在动词前（Maria is)。 ②带有（情态）助动词is/am/are/have/has/can/should等的特殊疑问句 When is Ann going to lran? 安什么时候去伊朗？ → Do you know when Ann is going to lran? 你知道安什么时候去伊朗吗？ → I don’t know when Ann is going to lran. 我不知道安什么时候去伊朗。 What should I do? 我该怎么办？ → Can you tell me what I should do? 你能告诉我，我该怎么办吗？ → Please tell me what I should do. 请告诉我，我该怎么办。 Where has Ron gone? 朗去了哪里？ → Do you know where Ron has gone? 你知道朗去了哪里吗？ → I don’t know where Ron has gone. 我不知道朗去了哪里。 ③带有助动词do/does/did的特殊疑问句。 Where did I put my wedding ring? 我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了？ → Do you know where I put my wedding ring? 你知道我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了吗？ → I don’t remember where I put my wedding ring. 我不记得我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了。 What does Sue think about Lulu? 苏对露露的看法是什么？ → Do you know what Sue thinks about Lulu? 你知道苏对露露的看法是什么吗？ → I know what Sue thinks about Lulu. 我知道苏对露露的看法是什么。 注意： （1）由于宾语从句要求陈述句语序，故而在从句中它变成了陈述语序。请看下列两组句子： How much does this coat cost? → I want to know how much this coat costs. Where did you go yesterday? → Please tell me where you went yesterday. （2）当疑问代词what、who在特殊疑问句中作主语时，该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，所以当该句用来作宾语时，语序不需要调整。 What’s wrong with you? 怎么了？ → He asked the girl what was wrong with her. What’s the matter? 怎么了？ → He asked the girl what was the matter. What has happened to him? → We want to know what has happened to him. 考向三 宾语从句的时态 1. 如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。 I remember he gave me a book yesterday. He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrow. I don’t think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station? 2. 如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。 He told me that he would take part in the high jump. He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that he would go back to the US soon. 3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。 Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. He told me that the earth is round. 考向四 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。 1. 陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。 He is an honest boy. The teacher said. → The teacher said(that) he was an honest boy. 2. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。 Does he work hard? I wonder. → I wonder if/whether he works hard. 考向五 宾语从句的否定转移和特殊用法 1.宾语从句的否定前置 think , believe , suppose, consider, imagine等动词后的宾语从句如果是否定句，一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上，而将从句谓语改为肯定形式。否定前置的前提是：主句主语是第一人称，时态为一般现在时。 I think. + He has no time to play with the girl. → I don’t think he has time to play with the girl. She thinks. + She can’t arrive here on time. → She thinks she can’t arrive here on time. 2.宾语从句变反意疑问句 在由宾语从句作为陈述部分的反意疑问句中，“动词/主语看从句，肯定否定看主句”。此类宾语从句常用动词有think, believe, suppose, consider等。 I thought it was late, wasn’t it? I don't think he will come, will he？ 3.宾语从句的转化 （1）当主句谓语动词是hope, wish, decide, forget, plan, agree等，且主句与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构（动词+to do）。 She agreed that she could help me with my maths. → She agreed to help me with my maths. （2）当主句谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语，且主句与从句主语相同时，从句可以简化成“疑问词+不定式结构”。 I don't know which sweater I should buy. → I don't know which sweater to buy. （3）当主句谓语动词是ask, tell, show, teach，宾语从句由代词/副词引导，从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，从句可简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构。 Could you tell me how I can get to the park? → Could you tell me how to get to the park? （4）当主句谓语动词是find, see, watch, hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。 She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. → She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground. 【典例破题】 1．—Do you know _________ the school art festival _________? —Next month. The exact date _________ yet. A．when; will hold; hasn’t decided B．when; will be held; hasn’t been decided C．where; is held; isn’t decided D．how; will hold; wasn’t decided 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道学校艺术节什么时候将被举办吗？——下个月。确切日期还没有被决定。 第一空：根据答语“Next month”可知，询问的是时间，因此用疑问词when。第二空：主语“the school art festival”与动词hold之间为被动关系（艺术节被举办），因此用被动语态will be held。第三空：主语“The exact date”与动词decide之间为被动关系（日期被决定），且根据yet可知应用现在完成时的被动语态hasn’t been decided。 2．—Do you know ________? —Of course, it is a hit (热点) recently. It was launched (发射) into space on October 26th, 2023. A．why Shenzhou 17 was launched B．when Shenzhou 17 was launched C．how long Shenzhou 17 has been into the space 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道神舟十七号是什么时候发射的吗？——当然，它是最近的热点，于2023年10月26日发射升空。 根据“It was launched (发射) into space on October 26th, 2023.”可知此处询问时间，应用when引导宾语从句 3．—I have no idea ________ he will come. —He will surely come. He promised me. A．how B．whether C．that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我不知道他是否会来。——他肯定会来的。他答应我了。 how如何，怎样；whether是否；that引导名词性从句时无实际意义，在从句中不充当成分。“have no idea”后接同位语从句，根据答语“He will surely come.”可知，此处表达的是不确定他“是否”会来，whether符合语境。that引导同位语从句时表示确定的事实，不符合此处不确定的语境；how表示方式，与语境不符。故填whether。 4．I’m not sure ________ the river will go down after the rain stops or not. A．if B．whether C．which D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我不确定雨后河水是否会退去。 if是否；whether是否；which哪一个；whose谁的。根据句末的“or not”可知，此处表示“是否”，在宾语从句中与or not连用时，通常用whether而不用if。 5．Do you know ________ they will do after finishing reading? A．that B．what C．where D．how 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你知道他们读完书后会做什么吗？ that无实义仅起连接作用；what什么；where哪里；how怎样。空格后do是及物动词，后面必须接宾语即“做什么”，因此空格处词语需既能引导宾语从句，又能在从句中充当do的宾语，只有what符合。 6．—Jim wants to know ________ the girl is. —My classmate. A．where B．when C．who D．how 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——吉姆想知道那个女孩是谁？——我的同学。 where哪里；when什么时候；who谁；how怎样。根据答句“My classmate.”可知，询问的是人物身份，使用who。 7．There is not much difference between the two. I really don’t know ________. A．how should I choose B．which I should choose C．which should I choose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这两者之间没有太大区别。我真的不知道我应该选择哪一个。 宾语从句需要使用陈述语序“引导词+主语+谓语”，A、C选项为疑问语序，不符合语法；根据前文“between the two”可知是在特定范围内选择，表示“哪一个”应用“which”引导，因此选择“which I should choose”。 8．—I wonder ________ hat was left in the library. —It must be Gina’s. I always see her wear it. A．which B．where C．whose D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我想知道谁的帽子落在图书馆了。——一定是吉娜的。我总是看到她戴它。 which哪一个；where哪里；whose谁的；what什么。根据答语“It must be Gina’s.”可知，此处询问的是帽子的归属权，即“谁的”，应用whose引导宾语从句。 9．You can eat ________ you like. Help yourself. A．whatever B．when C．however 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你喜欢吃什么就吃什么，请自便。 考查宾语从句引导词。whatever无论什么；when什么时候；however然而，无论怎样。分析句子可知，这是一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中作like的宾语，因此用连接代词“whatever”，故选A。 10．Nobody knows ________ the great writer died. A．what B．when C．which D．that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：没人知道这位伟大的作家是什么时候去世的。 what什么，引导宾语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；when什么时候，引导宾语从句时，在从句中作时间状语；which哪一个，引导宾语从句时，在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语；that引导宾语从句，只起连接作用，无实际词义。此句主句“Nobody knows”语义不完整，需要补充疑问含义。且此句从句缺少状语，用when引导宾语从句。 11．—Could you please tell me ________? —Sure. There’s a supermarket down the street. A．where I can buy some water B．which is the way to the supermarket C．what the supermarket is 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我在哪里可以买到水吗？——当然，沿着这条街有一家超市。   where I can buy some water我在哪里可以买到水；which is the way to the supermarket哪条是去超市的路；what the supermarket is超市是什么。根据答语“There’s a supermarket down the street”可知，回答者在提供一个地点信息，说明对方问的是“在哪里能买到水”，应填where I can buy some water。 12．The classical Chinese poem “If you’ll enjoy a greater sight, you’d climb up to a greater height” tells us ________. A．what we can enjoy B．what are we good at C．how can we work hard D．how we can open our minds 【答案】D 【详解】句意：中国古典诗词“欲穷千里目，更上一层楼”告诉我们如何开阔我们的视野。 宾语从句需使用陈述语序，即连接词后接主语和谓语，选项B和C均为疑问语序，故排除。结合诗句含义，登高是为了看得更远，引申为通过提升自我来开阔眼界或心胸，选项A语意不符，选项 D 符合语境且语序正确。应填how we can open our minds。 13．—Do you know ________? —It takes a little time to watch one, and it’s an easy way to kill time. A．how people make short videos B．why short videos become popular C．what we can do with short videos 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道短视频为什么变得流行吗？——看一个视频花费的时间少，而且它是一个打发时间的简单方法。 how people make short videos人们如何制作短视频；why short videos become popular为什么短视频会流行；what we can do with short videos我们能拿短视频做什么。根据答语“It takes a little time to watch one, and it’s an easy way to kill time.”可知，这是在解释短视频受欢迎的原因，对应选项B中的why。应填why short videos become popular。 14．David will do _________ his mother asks him. A．however B．whatever C．whoever 【答案】B 【详解】句意：大卫会做他妈妈让他做的任何事。考查连接词。however然而，无论怎样；whatever无论什么；whoever无论是谁。根据“David will do…his mother asks him.”可知，大卫会做她妈妈要求他做的任何事，故选B。 15．—Hey, Tom. What’s your plan for the coming winter holiday? —Well, I’m not sure ________. A．where I’ll go to spend my holiday B．when shall I go to spend the holiday C．how much money it cost to travel to Hainan D．that I will go over my lessons 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——嘿，汤姆。你即将到来的寒假有什么计划？——嗯，我不确定我将去哪里度假。 宾语从句需要使用陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语”。排除B选项；主句为一般现在时，从句可根据语境选择对应时态，根据问句“What’s your plan for the coming winter holiday?”可知，问的是将来的计划，从句时态应用一般将来时，A选项语序正确且符合语境；C选项时态为过去式，与“即将到来的寒假”不符；D选项语义逻辑不通。 【命题解读】 1. 引导词的类型与选择规则 宾语从句的引导词分以下四类： 类型 常见引导词 用法说明 连词 that that 引导陈述句，无实际意义，不充当成分，口语中常省略 连词 if/whether if, whether 引导一般疑问句，意为“是否”，不可省略 连接代词 what, which, who, whom, whose 引导特殊疑问句，在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等 连接副词 where, when, why, how 引导特殊疑问句，在从句中充当状语 2.语序——必须用陈述语序 这是宾语从句的最高频丢分点，必须重点掌握。不管原句是什么句式，宾语从句都必须用“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语”的陈述句语序。 误区对照表： 错误例句 正确说法 错误原因 Do you know where does he live? Do you know where he lives? 保留了疑问句的倒装语序 Could you tell me where is the post office? Could you tell me where the post office is? 疑问语序，助动词 is 放到了主语前面 Can you tell me what is this? Can you tell me what this is? 同样犯了疑问语序的错误 3.时态呼应——“主现从任意，主过从必过，真理永一现” 宾语从句的时态需要与主句时态保持逻辑上的呼应，核心规则可用三句话概括： 规则 口诀 真题体现（2025·北京） 主句一般现在时 → 从句可用任何所需时态 主现从任意 I don’t remember ______ the book yesterday. 答：where I put（过去时） 主句一般过去时 → 从句用过去的某种时态 主过从必过 He asked me if I liked the movie.（like → liked） 从句是客观真理 → 从句永远一般现在时 真理永一现 The teacher said the earth goes around the sun.（不受 told 影响） 【易错警示】 易错点1：语序错误——最高频失分点 错误：Could you tell me where is the post office? 正确：Could you tell me where the post office is? 警示：宾语从句必须用 “引导词 + 主语 + 谓语” 的陈述句语序。主句是疑问句时（如 Do you know… / Could you tell me…），学生极易受干扰而写出疑问语序。做题时看到 be 动词/助动词放在主语前面，直接排除。 易错点2：if 与 whether 混用——常考陷阱 错误：I‘m thinking about if to go.✅ 正确：I’m thinking about whether to go. 警示：以下四种情况只能用 whether，绝对不能用 if： 介词后：It depends on whether it rains. 与 or not 直接连用：I don‘t know whether or not she will come. 后接动词不定式：She hasn’t decided whether to accept the job. 从句置于句首：Whether he will join us, I don‘t know. 速记口诀：“跟'or not'，在介后，要加不定式，whether显身手。” 易错点3：that 的省略出错 错误：He said that the film was great and ⌀ he enjoyed it very much. 正确：He said (that) the film was great and that he enjoyed it very much. 警示：that 在宾语从句中多数情况可省略，但三种情况必须保留： 从句主语是 that 时：He says that that is a useful book. 从句中包含主从复合句时：I‘m afraid that if you lose it, you must pay for it. 有多个并列宾语从句时：第一个 that 可省，后面的必须保留。 速记口诀：“从句主语是that，并列从句要保留，主从复合不省略，that规则记心头。” 易错点4：时态呼应错误 错误：He told me that he will come tomorrow. 正确：He told me that he would come tomorrow. 警示：主句是过去时（told / said / asked 等），从句必须用过去的某种时态（一般过去、过去将来、过去完成等）。不能留用现在或将来时。 补充规则： 主现从任意：I know he likes music. / I know he liked music. 主过从必过：She said she was reading a book. 真理永一现：The teacher said the earth goes around the sun.（客观真理不受主句影响） 易错点5：否定前移遗漏 错误：I think he isn’t right. 正确：I don't think he is right. 警示：主句主语为第一人称（I / We），谓语动词为 think / believe / suppose / expect 等表“认为”的词时，否定词 not 必须前移到主句。 速记口诀：“I/We think/believe，否定 not 往前移。” 易错点6：Could you tell me... 中的时态误解 错误：Could you tell me when did he leave?（语序错） 错误：Could you tell me when he left?（时态错——若问还没发生的事） 正确：Could you tell me when he will leave?（询问将来） 警示：句首的 Could 表示委婉请求，不表示过去时。因此从句时态按实际情况选择，不受 Could 影响。同时注意语序仍为陈述语序。 易错点7：特殊疑问句转换成宾语从句时，疑问词重复或丢失 错误：Can you tell me what what he wants?（重复） 错误：Can you tell me he wants?（丢失疑问词） 正确：Can you tell me what he wants? 警示：原特殊疑问句中的疑问词（what / when / where / how / why）就是引导词，不能多写也不能漏掉。只需将其放在从句开头，后面接陈述语序。 易错点8：that 从句中的人称代词混淆 错误：She said, “I will come.” → She said that I would come. 正确：She said that she would come. 警示：直接引语转间接引语（即宾语从句）时，人称要根据主句主语和语境进行调整。不能照搬引号内的人称。 易错点9：if 引导的宾语从句与条件状语从句混淆 错误：I don‘t know if it rains tomorrow. (if 表“是否”，却用了主将从现) 正确：I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. 警示：当 if 译为 “是否”（宾语从句）时，时态按“主现从任意”规则，可用将来时。当 if 译为 “如果”（条件状语从句）时，才用“主将从现”（主句将来时，从句一般现在时）。两者规则截然不同。 对比： I don‘t know if he will come.（是否——宾语从句，将来时） If he comes, I will tell you.（如果——条件状语从句，主将从现） 易错点10：疑问词 + 不定式 结构中漏掉疑问词或不定式 错误：Please tell me how to?（缺动词原形） 错误：Please tell me to do it.（缺疑问词） 正确：Please tell me how to do it. 警示：“疑问词 + 动词不定式”是宾语从句的简化形式，疑问词不能省略，不定式后需要保留必要的宾语或状语。 【巩固提升1】 一、根据句意填写单词 1．I’m not sure ________ I can catch the bus or not. 【答案】whether 【详解】句意：我不确定我是否能赶上公交车。“I’m not sure”表示不确定，结合“I can catch the bus or not”可知，本题考查宾语从句的引导词，空格处需要填入表示“是否”的连接词，whether和if都可以表示“是否”，但当从句中与or not连用时，通常只能使用whether，不能用if。故填whether。 2．Do you know ________ book wins the first prize in the competition? 【答案】which/what 【详解】句意：你知道哪本书/什么书在比赛中获得一等奖吗？句中空格后接名词book，此处为宾语从句引导词，which和what均可修饰名词作定语。故填which/what。 3．Can you tell me ________ I can understand the difficult poem well? 【答案】how 【详解】句意：你能告诉我怎样才能很好地理解这首难懂的诗吗？分析句子结构可知，空后是宾语从句，根据“tell me”和“I can understand the difficult poem well” 可知，此处询问的是理解诗歌的方式，应用副词how“怎样”，引导宾语从句，故填how。 4．Nobody knows ________ is the main character of this play. 【答案】who 【详解】句意：没有人知道谁是这部剧的主角。分析句子结构可知，空后是宾语从句，根据“knows”和“is the main character of this play”可知，此处询问的是“谁”是主角，指代人且在从句中作主语，应用连接代词who引导宾语从句，故填who。 5．She doesn’t know ________ book she should choose for the report. 【答案】what/which 【详解】句意：她不知道该为报告挑选哪一本/什么样的书。空格后有名词“book”，结合句意是不知道该选哪一本书或者选什么样的书，用which/what修饰“book”，which/what book整体作宾语从句中动词“choose”的宾语。 6．The teacher asked ________ handwriting was the best in the class. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：老师询问谁的书写是班里最好的。 空格后handwriting（书写）是名词，需要疑问代词表示“谁的”，用whose引导宾语从句。 7．Could you tell me ________ you spent your summer vacation? 【答案】where 【详解】句意：你能告诉我你在哪里度过暑假的吗？根据句意，空格后“你度过暑假”缺少地点状语，因此需要填入表示地点的连接副词where，引导宾语从句，在从句中作地点状语。 8．I don’t understand ________ he was late for class again. 【答案】why 【详解】句意：我不明白他为什么上课又迟到了。根据句意，空格后“他上课又迟到了”是“不明白”的具体内容，且需要表示原因。why引导宾语从句，在句中表示“为什么”，符合语境。 【巩固提升2】 选词填空 填入合适疑问词 (what/who/where/when/why/how/which/whose) 1．I don’t know my best friend will arrive. 2．Could you tell me we can get on well with new classmates? 3．She wants to know advice her teacher gave on friendship. 4．Nobody knows boy will become his new close friend. 5．I asked him he refused to make friends with Tom. 6．Do you know wallet this is on the desk? 7．We wonder we should go for the friend’s birthday party. 8．He didn’t tell us he met his old friend yesterday. 9．Please find out helped the shy girl make more friends. 10．My mom asked problems I had with my deskmate. 11．They are discussing way is better to keep long friendship. 12．I’m not sure he will explain the argument to his friend. 13．The teacher wants to know students need help in making friends. 14．She forgot she left the gift for her best friend. 15．No one knows they will celebrate their friendship day. 【答案】 1．when 2．how 3．what 4．which 5．why 6．whose 7．where 8．where 9．who 10．what 11．which 12．how 13．which 14．where 15．how 【详解】1．句意：我不知道我最好的朋友什么时候会到。空处引导宾语从句，根据“will arrive”可知，此处询问时间，故填when。 2．句意：你能告诉我怎样才能和新同学好好相处吗？空处引导宾语从句，根据“get on well with new classmates”可知，此处询问方式方法，故填how。 3．句意：她想知道她的老师在友谊方面给了什么建议。根据“advice her teacher gave”可知，此处询问“什么样的”建议，且advice前无形容词或限定词，故用what。 4.句意：没有人知道哪个男孩会成为他的新密友。空处引导宾语从句，根据“boy will become his new close friend”可知，此处表示在特定范围内选择哪一个，故填which。 5．句意：我问他为什么拒绝和汤姆交朋友。空处引导宾语从句，根据“refused to make friends with Tom”可知，此处询问原因，故填why。 6．句意：你知道桌上这是谁的钱包吗？空处引导宾语从句，根据“wallet this is on the desk”可知，此处询问所属关系，故填whose。 7．句意：我们想知道应该去哪里参加朋友的生日派对。空处引导宾语从句，根据“go for the friend’s birthday party”可知，此处询问地点，故填where。 8．句意：他没有告诉我们他昨天在哪里遇到了老朋友。空处引导宾语从句，根据“he met his old friend yesterday”可知，此处询问见面的地点，故填where。 9．句意：请查一下是谁帮助那个害羞的女孩交了更多朋友。空处引导宾语从句，根据“helped the shy girl”可知，此处询问帮助者是谁，故填who。 10．句意：妈妈问我与同桌之间有什么问题。空处引导宾语从句，根据“problems I had”可知，此处询问“什么样的”问题，且problems前无形容词或限定词，故填what。 11．句意：他们正在讨论哪种方式更能维持长久的友谊。空处引导宾语从句，根据“way is better to keep long friendship”可知，此处表示在特定范围中选择“哪一种”方式，故填which。 12．句意：我不确定他将如何向朋友解释这场争论。空处引导宾语从句，根据“he will explain the argument to his friend”可知，此处询问解释的方式，故填how。 13．句意：老师想知道哪些学生在交朋友方面需要帮助。空处引导宾语从句，根据“students need help in making friends”可知，此处表示在特定群体中选择“哪些”，故填which。 314．句意：她忘记把送给最好的朋友的礼物放在哪里了。空处引导宾语从句，根据“she left the gift”可知，此处询问放置的地点，故填where。 15．句意：没有人知道他们将如何庆祝他们的友谊日。空处引导宾语从句，根据“they will celebrate their friendship day”可知，此处询问庆祝的方式，故填how。 一、单项选择 1．She also advised ________ I should keep a vocabulary notebook to record new words. A．what B．if C．whether D．that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：她还建议我应该准备一个词汇本来记录新单词。 what疑问代词，在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分；if/whether连词，意为“是否”；that连词，引导陈述句形式的宾语从句，在从句中不充当成分，且没有实际意义。分析句子结构可知，空后“I should keep…”是一个意义完整的陈述句，表示建议的内容，应用that引导宾语从句。 2．—Do you know that Simon bought a robot dog yesterday? —Yes! It is said a robot dog can do many things. I wonder ________. A． what does the robot dog look like B． B．whether can the robot dog climb a hill C． if the robot dog can help him with his study D．that the robot dog’s batteries will last for long 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你知道Simon昨天买了一只机器狗吗？——知道！据说机器狗能做很多事情。我想知道机器狗是否能帮助他学习。 宾语从句需用陈述句语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语”。选项A和选项B中助动词或情态动词位于主语之前，属于疑问语序；“wonder”表示“想知道”，后面通常接表示不确定性的连接词，不接that，排除D；选项C语序正确且符合语境。 3．Can you imagine ________ in one hundred years? A．how will our life look like B．how our life will like C．What will our life be like D．what our life will be like 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你能想象一百年后我们的生活会是什么样子吗？宾语从句需用陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后）；固定搭配what...be like表示“……是什么样子的”，不能用how搭配like。 4．We are all wondering about ________ at the 2026 Milan Winter Olympics. A．who will win the first gold medal for China B．how many gold medals will Chinese team win C．that how the Chinese freestyle skiers performed D．if Chinese athlete Su Yiming set a new world record 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们都想知道在2026年米兰冬奥会上谁将为中国赢得首枚金牌。 who will win the first gold medal for China谁将为中国赢得首枚金牌；how many gold medals will Chinese team win中国队将会赢得多少枚金牌；that how the Chinese freestyle skiers performed结构错误；if Chinese athlete Su Yiming set a new world record中国运动员苏翊鸣是否创下了新的世界纪录。宾语从句需使用陈述语序，B项为疑问语序，排除；C项that和how连接词重复，排除；D项介词about后通常不接if引导的从句，排除。A选项符合语境。 5．—I’d like to buy a new jacket, but I don’t know ________. —How about this one? A．which should I choose B．which I should choose C．where I can get it D．where can I get it 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我想买一件新夹克，但我不知道该选哪一件。——这个怎么样？ 宾语从句需用陈述语序，即“连接词 + 主语 + 谓语”，选项A和D为疑问语序，故排除；根据答语“How about this one?”可知，此处语境是在商量选哪一件，而不是询问在哪里购买，故排除C，which I should choose符合语境。 6．Could you tell me ________? A．where can I put my bicycle B．when will you start C．whose handwriting is the best D．who is he waiting for now 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你能告诉我谁的书法最好吗？考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，需要满足陈述语序，排除A/B/D。此处应由连接词“Whose”引导，用于询问具体的信息。遵循了陈述句的语序“Whose handwriting”是主语，“is”是系动词，“the best”是表语，共同构成了一个宾语从句。故选C。 7．—I am having some problems with my son. He seems to say no to ________ I say. —It’s necessary for you two to have more communication. A．whenever B．however C．whatever D．wherever 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我和我儿子之间出了点问题。他似乎对我说的任何话都说不。——你们两个有必要多交流。考查连词。whenever无论何时；however无论怎样；whatever无论什么；wherever无论哪里；根据“He seems to say no to...I say.”可知，儿子对我说的任何事情都说不，此处应用whatever作say的宾语，故选C。 8．— Do you know _________? — I’m not sure. Maybe next week. A．if our school will open the AI learning corner B．when our school will have a poem speech C．where our school will carry out short video rules D．why the school has decided to organize a science competition 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道我们学校什么时候将举行诗歌演讲吗？——我不确定。也许下周。 if our school will open the AI learning corner我们学校是否会开设人工智能学习角；when our school will have a poem speech我们学校什么时候会有诗歌演讲；where our school will carry out short video rules我们学校在哪里实施短视频规定；why the school has decided to organize a science competition为什么学校决定组织一次科学竞赛。根据答语“Maybe next week”可知，此处询问的是时间，应填when引导的从句。if意为“是否”，where询问地点，why询问原因，均不符合题意。 9．—Excuse me, can you tell me ________? —Sure. There is a gift shop near the school. A．how I can get to the bus stop B．what time the bus will arrive C．where I can buy some Chinese knots D．who the English teacher of this class is 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，你能告诉我在哪里可以买到中国结吗？ ——当然可以，学校附近有一家礼品店。答句“There is a gift shop near the school.”在说明店铺地点，问句需要对购物地点提问，应用where引导宾语从句。 10．—Could you tell me ________? —Certainly. It will be carried out step by step. A．how the 15th Five-Year Plan will be carried out B．when the first year of the 15th Five-Year Plan is C．what is the most important event in China in 2026 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我第十五个五年计划将如何实施吗？——当然。它将逐步实施。 how the 15th Five-Year Plan will be carried out第十五个五年计划将如何实施；when the first year of the 15th Five-Year Plan is第十五个五年计划的第一年是什么时候；what is the most important event in China in 20262026年中国最重要的事件是什么。根据答句“It will be carried out step by step.”可知，此处表示询问“第十五个五年计划将如何实施”，应填how the 15th Five-Year Plan will be carried out。 11．—Lily, do you know ________ last month? —Sure, because it was the Chinese Spring Festival, people went back home and celebrated it. A．why did many stores close B．why many stores closed C．how did many stores close D．how many stores closed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——莉莉，你知道上个月为什么许多商店关门吗？——当然，因为是中国春节，人们回家庆祝了。宾语从句需用陈述语序（引导词 + 主语 + 谓语），A和C为疑问语序，排除；根据答语中的“because”可知询问原因，应用why引导宾语从句。 12．—Did you hear what the coach said after the match? —Yes, he asked ________. A．why did we lose focus in the final round B．when we will have the next training C．how we could improve our teamwork 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你听到比赛后教练说什么了吗？——是的，他问了我们如何能提高我们的团队合作。宾语从句需用陈述语序，且时态要与主句保持一致。A项为疑问语序，不符合宾语从句规则；B项主句asked为过去时，从句应用过去将来时，will应改为would；C项为陈述语序且could为过去式，符合语法规范。故选C。 13．—Mum’s birthday is coming. I’m thinking about ________. —Why not cook a meal for her? A．what gift I gave her B．where should I buy a gift for her C．how I should give her a surprise D．when I should spend the day with her 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——妈妈的生日快到了。我正在思考我应该如何给她一个惊喜。——为什么不为她做顿饭呢？宾语从句中从句部分应用陈述语序，排除B选项；根据“Mum’s birthday is coming.”可知，妈妈的生日还没到，A选项用了过去式gave，与生日即将到来的语境不符；D选项询问时间，与答语“Why not cook a meal for her?”这一行动方式不对应。C选项语序正确，“如何给惊喜”与“做饭”这一建议逻辑契合。 14．Which sentence is NOT TRUE? .________ A．Please ask the policeman where the library is. B．Could you tell me how I can get to the cinema? C．We know how old he is. D．I suppose his answer isn’t right. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：哪一个句子是错误的？考查宾语从句。A、 B、C都是宾语从句，结构完整；但是，当动词think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine 后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句时，其否定通常转移到主语上，即在主句主语后面进行否定。根据句意结构，故选D。 15．—Tom, can you tell me ________ an e-mail to you? —Of course. It’s easy. A．how can I send B．how I could send C．how to send D．what to send 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——汤姆，你能告诉我怎样给你发送一份电子邮件吗? ——当然了，很简单。 考查宾语从句的简化。题干中，tell me后需要接宾语补足语，宾语从句的语序需用陈述语序，选项A不对，可排除；主句时态是一般现在时，从句时态无需用过去时，选项B可排除；根据“ It’s easy.”可知很容易，因此是询问怎样发邮件，应用how引导的宾语从句，可简化为“疑问词+动词不定式”的结构。故选C。 二、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从1～15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Long ago, Lily lived with her father and grandmother in a forest house. They worked hard but remained 1 . One autumn, the king needed volunteers for a distant task. Lily’s father decided 2 . “Don’t go!” Lily cried. “I must,” he said. “The reward 3 us for the rest of our days.” Winter came with icy wind and snow. Lily worried. Her grandmother said, “My mother spoke of 4 ancient tree. Within it lives a fairy who can see 5 across miles.” The next day, Lily found the tree and knocked. A fairy appeared. “Kind sir, my father is away. I fear for his comfort. Can you tell me 6 he is?” “To receive, one 7 give. What do you have?” Lily gave him her cloak. “Your father is warm and dry,” said the fairy. Months later, food 8 scarce (缺乏的). Lily returned with their last chicken. The fairy appeared. “Will you take this chicken?” Lily asked. “I will,” he said. “Your father is full.” As spring drew near, a traveller told Lily many king’s men wouldn’t return. Lily hurried to the tree with 9 left to give the fairy. The fairy eyed her braid. “I would take your hair.” Lily cut it off. “Your father lives,” said the fairy. A week later, her father returned. They sat by the fire. “How did you survive?” Grandmother asked. He frowned. “By 10 , perhaps. Once, a cloak 11 on a tree. It kept me warm. Later, a chicken ran 12 my path, feeding me for a week. Days ago, I fell into a river. A rope appeared and saved me.” “My braid!” Lily cried, touching her short hair. She told him about the fairy. The next day, they went to thank him, 13 he was gone. “Perhaps he shows 14 only to those in need,” Grandmother said. Lily never forgot him. Years later, she told her children the story of the fairy 15 used her gifts to bring her father home. 1．A．poorer B．poorest C．poor D．poverty 2．A．going B．go C．gone D．to go 3．A．fed B．would feed C．will feed D．has fed 4．A．the B．an C．a D．/ 5．A．clear B．clearly C．clearness D．clearance 6．A．how B．where C．what D．who 7．A．must B．would C．can D．may 8．A．has become B．is becoming C．becomes D．became 9．A．something B．nothing C．anything D．everything 10．A．magician B．magical C．magically D．magic 11．A．found B．was found C．is found D．has found 12．A．across B．over C．behind D．above 13．A．so B．and C．but D．or 14．A．himself B．him C．he D．his 15．A．whose B．what C．which D．who 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．B 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．D 11．B 12．A 13．C 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文是记叙文，莉莉屡次倾尽所有求助精灵，凭借善良付出，最终平安盼回远行的父亲。 【详解】1．句意：他们辛勤劳作，却依旧穷困。 Lily一家“努力工作但仍然贫穷”，“remain”后接形容词原级，描述持续状态。poorer比较级无对比、poorest最高级无范围）、名词poverty不可作表语。 2．句意：莉莉的父亲决定前去应征。 固定搭配：“decide to do sth”决定做某事，不定式作宾语。going动名词、go原形、gone过去分词均不符合“decide”用法。 3．句意：“这份酬劳能养活我们后半辈子。” 父亲承诺“奖励会养活我们余生”，用一般将来时强调对未来的保障（父亲说话时的当下视角）。fed过去时、would feed过去将来时，需以过去为背景、has fed现在完成时，奖励尚未获得。 4．句意：我母亲曾说起过一棵古树。 “ancient tree”中“ancient”以元音音素开头，用不定冠词“an”表泛指“一棵古树”。  the特指、a用于辅音开头、零冠词，可数名词单数需冠词。 5．句意：树里住着一位精灵，能看清数英里之外的事物。 副词修饰动词“see”，“clearly”（清晰地）符合“精灵能看清数英里外”的语境。  clear形容词、clearness名词、clearance名词“许可”。 6．句意：你能告诉我他身在何处吗？ Lily担心父亲，结合后文“寻找父亲”的行动，核心是询问“位置”（where）而非“状态”（how）。  how怎么样、what什么、who谁均与“寻找”逻辑不符。 7．句意：想要有所收获，就必须有所付出。 精灵强调“要得到，必须付出”，“must”体现条件的强制性（付出是前提）。 would过去将来时、can能、may可能语气均弱于“必须”。 8．句意：数月过后，粮食变得匮乏。 全文为过去时，“几个月后食物变得匮乏”描述过去发生的状态变化。  has become现在完成时、is becoming现在进行时、becomes一般现在时均与全文时态矛盾。 9．句意：莉莉一无所有，匆忙赶到古树前找精灵。 Lily已送出“最后的鸡”，此时“没有东西可给”，与后文“精灵要她的头发”呼应。something某物、anything任何东西，用于否定/疑问句、everything一切，与“最后”矛盾。 10．句意：或许是靠魔法的缘故。 “by magic”（靠魔法），父亲认为幸存是魔法所致。magician魔术师、magical形容词、magically副词，by后需接名词。 11．句意：曾有一件斗篷莫名出现在树上。 “外套被发现”是被动关系，且故事为过去时，用一般过去时的被动语态。  found主动语态、is found现在时、has found现在完成时，主动。 12．句意：后来一只小鸡途经我身边，喂饱了我整整一周。 固定搭配：“run across”（偶然遇到），指鸡偶然出现在父亲的路上。  over越过、behind在……后、above在……上均不符合“偶然出现”的语境。 13．句意：次日二人前去道谢，可精灵已经离开了。 “去感谢精灵，但他已经走了”，表转折关系。 so因此、and并列、or否则逻辑不符。 14．句意：或许他只在需要帮助的人面前现身。 “精灵只对有需要的人现身”，“show oneself”（露面）用反身代词“himself”。   him宾格、he主格、his物主代词均无法表达“亲自出现”。 15．句意：多年后，她给孩子们讲述那位靠莉莉的馈赠帮她迎回父亲的精灵的故事。 先行词“the fairy”（精灵）指人，且在从句中作主语，用关系代词“who”。   whose谁的，表所属、what不引导定语从句、which指物。 三、短文填空 A 阅读短文,根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。 Luoyang, a beautiful city in Henan Province, has a long history of over 5,000 years. It is one of 1 oldest capitals in China and is well - known for its rich cultural heritage. Many people wonder 2 the ancient emperors built such grand palaces and temples here. The Longmen Grottoes, a world cultural heritage site, are filled 3 thousands of amazing stone carvings. Every year, visitors from all over the world come 4 admire the beauty and artistry of these works. If you take a walk along the Luohe River, you will find that the streets and parks 5 always clean and tidy. Luoyang is not only a city of history but also a city of modern charm. 【答案】1．the 2．why 3．with 4．to 5．are 【导语】本文是说明文，介绍洛阳的历史地位、文化遗产与现代风貌，展现其独特魅力。 【详解】1．句意：它是中国最古老的都城之一，因其丰富的文化遗产而闻名。“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数”为固定结构，意为“最……之一”，此处“oldest”前需加定冠词the。 2．句意：很多人好奇古代帝王为何在此修建如此宏伟的宫殿和寺庙。主句为“Many people wonder”，从句应解释好奇的原因，用why“为什么”来引导，贴合“好奇帝王选址原因”的语境。 3．句意：世界文化遗产龙门石窟里，布满了成千上万令人惊叹的石雕。“be filled with”为固定搭配，意为“充满……”，此处指石窟中满是石雕。 4．句意：每年，来自世界各地的游客都会前来欣赏这些作品的美与艺术性。“come to do sth”表示“来做某事”，此处指游客前来欣赏美景，用不定式表目的。 5．句意：如果你沿着洛河散步，会发现街道和公园总是干净整洁的。主语“the streets and parks”为复数，且全文为一般现在时，故be动词用are。 B 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空(必要时可加情态动词或助动词)。 Larry seemed always silent and didn’t have any friends. His teacher Mr. Brown noticed this. One day, he asked Larry to meet him after class. Mr. Brown said,“I see that you 1 (not talk) to anyone or show any interest in anything every day. What’s wrong?” Larry replied,“Sir, I have a very difficult life. I have to face some very sad things and I 2 (think) about them all the time. Because of this, I can’t pay my attention to anything and don’t even feel like 3 (talk) to anybody.” Mr. Brown listened carefully, thought for a while and said,“Would you like some lemonade (柠檬汽水)?” Larry felt a little surprised and nervously replied,“Yes, thank you!” He wondered how this simple drink 4 possibly 5 (help) solve his problems. While Mr. Brown 6 (prepare) lemonade, he added more salt on purpose and kept the quantity (数量) of sugar low. Larry made a strange face as soon as he 7 (drink) a sip (一小口) of that lemonade. Seeing this, Mr. Brown asked,“You don’t like it?” “Um... it’s just there is a bit too much salt in it,” Larry answered. Mr. Brown stopped him,“Oh, it doesn’t matter. I 8 (throw) it away soon.” When the teacher poured the drink away, Larry stopped him and said,“Sir, please don’t throw it away. If a little more sugar 9 (put) in the lemonade, it will be fine to drink.” Hearing this, Mr. Brown said happily, “This is what I want to hear from you. 10 (improve) the taste of lemonade, we don’t need to remove (清除) the salt from it, we can just add some sugar to it. Similarly, we cannot take away sad things that 11 (happen) to us, but we can add sweetness of good experiences in our life. If you keep on crying about your past, neither your present will be right nor the future will be bright.” Larry realized his problem and promised to live a positive life. 【答案】 1．don’t talk 2．think 3．talking 4．could 5．help 6．was preparing 7．drank 8．will throw 9．is put 10．To improve 11．have happened 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，围绕Mr. Brown用柠檬水的道理引导消沉的Larry走出负面情绪、学会积极生活展开。 【详解】1．句意：我看你每天都不和任何人说话，也对任何事都提不起兴趣。主语是you，结合every day表常态，用一般现在时的否定形式，借助助动词do加not，后接动词原形talk。 2．句意：我得面对一些非常悲伤的事，还一直想着它们。and连接并列谓语，前面have是原形，这里也用动词原形think，呼应一般现在时的语境。 3．句意：因此我没法集中注意力在任何事上，甚至不想和任何人说话。feel like后接动名词作宾语，是固定搭配，所以talk变talking。 4．句意：他想知道这杯简单的饮料怎么可能帮到自己。这里表过去的推测、可能性，用can的过去式could，体现Larry当时的疑惑语气。 5．句意：他想知道这杯简单的饮料怎么可能帮到自己。情态动词could后必须接动词原形，所以用help。 6．句意：当Brown老师准备柠檬水时，他故意多放了盐，还少放了糖。while引导时间状语从句，强调主句动作发生在从句动作进行的过程中，主语是单数Mr. Brown，所以用过去进行时was preparing。 7．句意：Larry一喝那口柠檬水就做了个鬼脸。as soon as引导的时间状语从句，前后动作都发生在过去，用一般过去时，drink的过去式是drank。 8．句意：没关系，我很快就会把它倒掉的。soon表将来的时间，结合语境用一般将来时，所以是will throw。 9．句意：如果再往柠檬水里加一点糖，它就会很好喝了。if引导条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来，主语sugar和put是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态is put。 10．句意：为了改善柠檬水的味道，我们不需要去掉里面的盐。这里用不定式作目的状语，放句首表“为了……”，所以用To improve。 11．句意：同样的，我们没法拿走发生在我们身上的糟心事。强调这些糟心事对现在的影响，用现在完成时，主语things是复数，所以用have happened。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 宾语从句 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系 脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区 典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 宾语从句 1.引导词选择（即连接词） 中考要求掌握（that；if / whether;what, when, where, why, how, who, whom, which）引导词的区分，重点是根据从句类型和句意来判断。 2.语序（必考且易错） 无论原句是什么句式，宾语从句都必须使用“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语”的陈述句语序。 务必与原疑问句结构区别开。 3.时态呼应 这部分需要记忆和理解以下三条核心规则。 1.题目场景化与生活化 宾语从句正从单句选择题，转变为融入对话或语篇中考查。 命题热点：选材贴近校园生活、人工智能(AI)、社交媒体、环境保护等时代热点话题。 2.考点综合化，常见的综合考查形式主要有以下两种： 与其它语法点融合：同被动语态、情态动词等一起综合考查。 在写作中应用：在作文中准确使用宾语从句，是重要的加分亮点。否定前移（I don't think...）成为新高地 当主句主语为第一人称（I/We），谓语动词为 think, believe, suppose，且表达否定意见时，否定要转移到主句。 考情解码：1.中考对宾语从句的考查，历年高度集中在三个维度上： 核心考点 考查频率 考查要点 引导词选择 ★★★★★ that / if / whether / 特殊疑问词（what/when/where/how等）的选用 语序 ★★★★★ 必须用“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语”的陈述句语序，疑问语序直接丢分 时态呼应 ★★★★☆ 主现从任意 / 主过从必过 / 真理永一现 2.题型分布：不仅考单选，还考综合 宾语从句的考查已经不再局限于单项选择，而是在多种题型中融合出现： 题型 考查方式 难度 单项选择 直接考查引导词、语序、时态三大核心 ★★☆ 完形填空 在语境中判断从句类型和引导词选择 ★★★ 语法填空/词语运用 盲填引导词、判断时态和语序 ★★★ 句型转换 直接引语转间接引语、合并句子 ★★★☆ 阅读理解 理解长难句中的宾语从句结构 ★★★（间接） 书面表达 运用宾语从句提升句式复杂度 ★★★★（加分项） 脉｜络｜重｜构 考｜点｜精｜讲 知识点 宾语从句 考向一宾语从句的概说和分类 1.定义：在复合句中作宾语的从句是宾语从句。 I think everybody likes cookies. 2. 分类：动词宾语从句 I think everybody likes cookies. 介词宾语从句 I agree with what you said just now. 形容词宾语从句 I’m afraid I can’t afford it. (sure, glad, sorry, happy, afraid) 3.结构：主句+引导词+从句(陈述句语序：主+谓+其他) 分类： 根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类： 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。 He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. 2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。 Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I don’t know why the train is late. 3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是＂是否＂。 I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 考向二 宾语从句的引导词 1.that引导陈述句作宾语从句，口语中常省略。 Tell him (that) I have read the story. She told me (that) she would like to go with us. 2． 连词if/whether引导一般疑问句作宾语从句，表“是否”，从句陈述语序（主语在谓语之前），且口语中多用if。 Do you know if he will go to school tomorrow? I wonder if /whether you have told the news to Li Lei . 注意：以下情况的宾语从句中，只能用whether，不能用if： 1　 引导词与动词不定式或or not连用时 I’m not sure whether to go or to stay. He asked me whether or not I was thirsty. 2　 当从句做介词的宾语时 We are talking about whether we'll go on the picnic. The picnic will depend on whether the weather will be fine. 3． 特殊疑问词引导特殊疑问句作宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序。 He didn’t know when he would leave for shanghai. Could you tell me what is wrong with you? （一）that引导的宾语从句 that 是宾语从句的一个引导词，放在主句和从句之间。它引导的宾语从句由陈述句转化而来，故从句的语序不变。在that 引导的宾语从句中，that 作连接代词，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中通常可以省略。 一、that 引导的宾语从句的用法 1. 位置：that 引导的宾语从句通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）、介词或形容词之后。 ①作及物动词，如：say，think，tell，know，hear，see，hope，wish，remember，forget等的宾语。如：　 She says that she will help me learn English this evening.她说今天晚上她会帮我学英语。 ②作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except，but，in之后。如： He is a good boy except that he is careless. 他是一个好男孩，只是有点儿粗心。 ③作＂be + 形容词＂结构的宾语。某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，如：sure，glad，certain，pleased，sorry，happy，afraid等，连词that可省略。如： I’m happy (that) I passed the exam. 我很高兴我通过了考试。 2. 时态：主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据具体情况选用适当的时态；主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句中也必须用过去的某种时态。试比较： He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。 He said that he wanted to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。 【特别提醒】 当主句是一般过去时，而宾语从句的内容表示的是客观真理、事实、科学原理、自然现象、名言警句、格言、谚语等时，此时宾语从句用一般现在时，这些情况下不受主句时态的限制。如： The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. 老师告诉我们地球围绕着太阳转。 3. 引导词that可以省略的几种情况： 引导宾语从句的连词that通常可以省略： She said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。 I promise you (that) I will be there. 我答应你我会去的。 I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。 He thinks (that) they will give him a visa. 他想他们会给他签证。 He thought (that) they would give him a visa. 他本想他们会给他签证。 I expect (that) the plane will be diverted. 我料想飞机会改变航线。 【注意】有时为了强调，that引导的宾语从句可位于句首，此时that不可省略： That she is a good girl I know. 她是一个好姑娘，我是知道的。 4. 引导词that不能省略的几种情况： that在引导宾语从句时，并不是在任何情况下都可以省略，在以下几种情况下，that不能省略。 ①从句的主语是that时，that不能省略； We know that is an interesting film. 我们知道那是一部有趣的电影。 ②and连接的两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从句的连词that，但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如： He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice. 他告诉我他们决定不了去做什么并且问了我的意见。 ③that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。如： I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. 对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。 5. 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如： We thought it strange that Xiao Zhang did not come yesterday. 小张昨天没来，我们觉得很奇怪。 6. 宾语从句的否定转移。 在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句，当主句的主语是第一人称时，谓语尽管是否定的意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式，英语称这种现象为否定转移。如： ①我认为今晚他不能来。 【误】I think he can’t come this evening. 【正】I don’t think he can come this evening. ②他认为我们现在不在教室里。 【误】He doesn’t think we are in the classroom now. 【正】He thinks we are not in the classroom now. 【特别警示】 含有＂否定转移＂现象的句子，主句的主语必须是第一人称，此时，变成反意疑问句，附加问句要由从句来决定；如果主句的主语是其他人称，附加问句要由主句来决定。如： I don’t think he is right, is he? 我认为他不对，是吗？ He thinks I can come, doesn’t he? 他认为我能来，是不是？ 7. 如果宾语从句中含有否定意义的副词或形容词。如：hardly，never，seldom，no，few，little等，其反意疑问句要用肯定形式。如： We find that he seldom goes to visit his mother, does he? 我们发现他不常看望他的妈妈，是吗？ 8. that引导的宾语从句变成被动语态时，只变主句，不变从句。实际上，我们经常把It is said that ...（据说……）；It is known that ...（众所周知……）；It is reported that ...（据报告……）等当作固定句式来运用。如： It is said that he is from Canada. 据说他来自加拿大。 （二）if/whether引导的宾语从句 当从句部分是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时，常用if或whether引导宾语从句，if/whether意为＂是否＂。说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在see，ask，say，learn，tell，wonder，doubt，find out，be uncertain /doubtful / be not known 等后，二者通常可以互换。口语中多用if代替whether。在非正式的写作中，可以使用if 或 whether 两个词来表达不定性，两者都算标准。 I wonder if/whether he is a driver. 我想知道他是不是个司机。 Alice wants to know if/whether she has passed the exam. 爱丽丝想知道她是否考试及格了。 Lily asked if/whether she liked it. 莉莉问她是否喜欢它。 I want to know if (whether) he lives there. 我想知道他是否住在这儿。 He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 他问我是否可以帮助他。 【拓展】 一般情况下，if和whether可互换，在口语中多用if， 而在以下几种情况下，只能用whether。 1. 与 or 连用分别引导两个从句时，或强调两方面的选择, 特别是句中有or not时用whether，不用if。 I don’t know whether or not they will come. 我不知道他们是否会来。 I don’t know whether he is wrong or she is wrong. Let me know whether you can come or not. I don’t know whether he will win or not.  I will write to you whether or not I can come / whether I can come or not. 2. 在动词不定式之前只能用whether。 He doesn’t know whether to go or not. 他不知道是否会去。 Please tell us whether to go there or stay here. 请告诉我们是去那里还是待在这里。 Whether to go or stay is still a question. I’m not sure whether to stay or leave. I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry. 3. 在介词之后只能用whether引导宾语从句，而If则不能。 It depends on whether I have enough time. 那取决于我是否有足够的时间。 Success depends on whether we make enough effort. I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll go back home. It depends on whether the letter arrives in time. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 4. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，用whether，不用if。 Whether this is true, I can’t say. Whether he is single, I don’t know. Whether this is true, I can’t say. Whether he is single, I don’t know. 5. 在某些动词（如discuss，decide）之后，只能用whether，而不用if引导宾语从句。 We discussed whether we should close the shop. （虚拟语气） We discussed whether we should go there by plane.（虚拟语气） We discussed whether we should hold a meeting. （虚拟语气） 6. 在引导否定概念宾语从句时，只能用if，而不用whether。 He asked me if I hadn’t finished my work. 注意：doubt否定句用that引导。因为don’t doubt 意为相信，不怀疑，if是否表示疑虑。 （三）疑问词引导的宾语从句 特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，由疑问词 when, who, what, where, whatever, how，which, why等引导。宾语从句的词序一律用陈述句的词序，即＂主语+谓语＂词序。 ①带有系动词be（is，am，are，was,were)的特殊疑问句。 主句 宾语从句 Do you know how old Maria is? 你知道玛利亚岁吗? I know how old Maria is. 我知道玛利亚几岁。 I don’t know how old Maria is. 我不知道玛利亚几岁。 宾语从句＂how old Maria is＂是主句动词know的宾语。how在从句中作副词。注意从句的顺序，主语在动词前（Maria is)。 ②带有（情态）助动词is/am/are/have/has/can/should等的特殊疑问句 When is Ann going to lran? 安什么时候去伊朗？ → Do you know when Ann is going to lran? 你知道安什么时候去伊朗吗？ → I don’t know when Ann is going to lran. 我不知道安什么时候去伊朗。 What should I do? 我该怎么办？ → Can you tell me what I should do? 你能告诉我，我该怎么办吗？ → Please tell me what I should do. 请告诉我，我该怎么办。 Where has Ron gone? 朗去了哪里？ → Do you know where Ron has gone? 你知道朗去了哪里吗？ → I don’t know where Ron has gone. 我不知道朗去了哪里。 ③带有助动词do/does/did的特殊疑问句。 Where did I put my wedding ring? 我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了？ → Do you know where I put my wedding ring? 你知道我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了吗？ → I don’t remember where I put my wedding ring. 我不记得我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了。 What does Sue think about Lulu? 苏对露露的看法是什么？ → Do you know what Sue thinks about Lulu? 你知道苏对露露的看法是什么吗？ → I know what Sue thinks about Lulu. 我知道苏对露露的看法是什么。 注意： （1）由于宾语从句要求陈述句语序，故而在从句中它变成了陈述语序。请看下列两组句子： How much does this coat cost? → I want to know how much this coat costs. Where did you go yesterday? → Please tell me where you went yesterday. （2）当疑问代词what、who在特殊疑问句中作主语时，该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，所以当该句用来作宾语时，语序不需要调整。 What’s wrong with you? 怎么了？ → He asked the girl what was wrong with her. What’s the matter? 怎么了？ → He asked the girl what was the matter. What has happened to him? → We want to know what has happened to him. 考向三 宾语从句的时态 1. 如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。 I remember he gave me a book yesterday. He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrow. I don’t think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station? 2. 如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。 He told me that he would take part in the high jump. He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that he would go back to the US soon. 3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。 Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. He told me that the earth is round. 考向四 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。 1. 陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。 He is an honest boy. The teacher said. → The teacher said(that) he was an honest boy. 2. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。 Does he work hard? I wonder. → I wonder if/whether he works hard. 考向五 宾语从句的否定转移和特殊用法 1.宾语从句的否定前置 think , believe , suppose, consider, imagine等动词后的宾语从句如果是否定句，一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上，而将从句谓语改为肯定形式。否定前置的前提是：主句主语是第一人称，时态为一般现在时。 I think. + He has no time to play with the girl. → I don’t think he has time to play with the girl. She thinks. + She can’t arrive here on time. → She thinks she can’t arrive here on time. 2.宾语从句变反意疑问句 在由宾语从句作为陈述部分的反意疑问句中，“动词/主语看从句，肯定否定看主句”。此类宾语从句常用动词有think, believe, suppose, consider等。 I thought it was late, wasn’t it? I don't think he will come, will he？ 3.宾语从句的转化 （1）当主句谓语动词是hope, wish, decide, forget, plan, agree等，且主句与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构（动词+to do）。 She agreed that she could help me with my maths. → She agreed to help me with my maths. （2）当主句谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语，且主句与从句主语相同时，从句可以简化成“疑问词+不定式结构”。 I don't know which sweater I should buy. → I don't know which sweater to buy. （3）当主句谓语动词是ask, tell, show, teach，宾语从句由代词/副词引导，从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，从句可简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构。 Could you tell me how I can get to the park? → Could you tell me how to get to the park? （4）当主句谓语动词是find, see, watch, hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。 She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. → She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground. 【典例破题】 1．—Do you know _________ the school art festival _________? —Next month. The exact date _________ yet. A．when; will hold; hasn’t decided B．when; will be held; hasn’t been decided C．where; is held; isn’t decided D．how; will hold; wasn’t decided 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道学校艺术节什么时候将被举办吗？——下个月。确切日期还没有被决定。 第一空：根据答语“Next month”可知，询问的是时间，因此用疑问词when。第二空：主语“the school art festival”与动词hold之间为被动关系（艺术节被举办），因此用被动语态will be held。第三空：主语“The exact date”与动词decide之间为被动关系（日期被决定），且根据yet可知应用现在完成时的被动语态hasn’t been decided。 2．—Do you know ________? —Of course, it is a hit (热点) recently. It was launched (发射) into space on October 26th, 2023. A．why Shenzhou 17 was launched B．when Shenzhou 17 was launched C．how long Shenzhou 17 has been into the space 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道神舟十七号是什么时候发射的吗？——当然，它是最近的热点，于2023年10月26日发射升空。根据“It was launched (发射) into space on October 26th, 2023.”可知此处询问时间，应用when引导宾语从句 3．—I have no idea ________ he will come. —He will surely come. He promised me. A．how B．whether C．that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我不知道他是否会来。——他肯定会来的。他答应我了。 how如何，怎样；whether是否；that引导名词性从句时无实际意义，在从句中不充当成分。“have no idea”后接同位语从句，根据答语“He will surely come.”可知，此处表达的是不确定他“是否”会来，whether符合语境。that引导同位语从句时表示确定的事实，不符合此处不确定的语境；how表示方式，与语境不符。故填whether。 4．I’m not sure ________ the river will go down after the rain stops or not. A．if B．whether C．which D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我不确定雨后河水是否会退去。 if是否；whether是否；which哪一个；whose谁的。根据句末的“or not”可知，此处表示“是否”，在宾语从句中与or not连用时，通常用whether而不用if。 5．Do you know ________ they will do after finishing reading? A．that B．what C．where D．how 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你知道他们读完书后会做什么吗？ that无实义仅起连接作用；what什么；where哪里；how怎样。空格后do是及物动词，后面必须接宾语即“做什么”，因此空格处词语需既能引导宾语从句，又能在从句中充当do的宾语，只有what符合。 6．—Jim wants to know ________ the girl is. —My classmate. A．where B．when C．who D．how 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——吉姆想知道那个女孩是谁？——我的同学。 where哪里；when什么时候；who谁；how怎样。根据答句“My classmate.”可知，询问的是人物身份，使用who。 7．There is not much difference between the two. I really don’t know ________. A．how should I choose B．which I should choose C．which should I choose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这两者之间没有太大区别。我真的不知道我应该选择哪一个。 宾语从句需要使用陈述语序“引导词+主语+谓语”，A、C选项为疑问语序，不符合语法；根据前文“between the two”可知是在特定范围内选择，表示“哪一个”应用“which”引导，因此选择“which I should choose”。 8．—I wonder ________ hat was left in the library. —It must be Gina’s. I always see her wear it. A．which B．where C．whose D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我想知道谁的帽子落在图书馆了。——一定是吉娜的。我总是看到她戴它。 which哪一个；where哪里；whose谁的；what什么。根据答语“It must be Gina’s.”可知，此处询问的是帽子的归属权，即“谁的”，应用whose引导宾语从句。 9．You can eat ________ you like. Help yourself. A．whatever B．when C．however 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你喜欢吃什么就吃什么，请自便。 考查宾语从句引导词。whatever无论什么；when什么时候；however然而，无论怎样。分析句子可知，这是一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中作like的宾语，因此用连接代词“whatever”，故选A。 10．Nobody knows ________ the great writer died. A．what B．when C．which D．that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：没人知道这位伟大的作家是什么时候去世的。 what什么，引导宾语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；when什么时候，引导宾语从句时，在从句中作时间状语；which哪一个，引导宾语从句时，在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语；that引导宾语从句，只起连接作用，无实际词义。此句主句“Nobody knows”语义不完整，需要补充疑问含义。且此句从句缺少状语，用when引导宾语从句。 11．—Could you please tell me ________? —Sure. There’s a supermarket down the street. A．where I can buy some water B．which is the way to the supermarket C．what the supermarket is 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我在哪里可以买到水吗？——当然，沿着这条街有一家超市。   where I can buy some water我在哪里可以买到水；which is the way to the supermarket哪条是去超市的路；what the supermarket is超市是什么。根据答语“There’s a supermarket down the street”可知，回答者在提供一个地点信息，说明对方问的是“在哪里能买到水”，应填where I can buy some water。 12．The classical Chinese poem “If you’ll enjoy a greater sight, you’d climb up to a greater height” tells us ________. A．what we can enjoy B．what are we good at C．how can we work hard D．how we can open our minds 【答案】D 【详解】句意：中国古典诗词“欲穷千里目，更上一层楼”告诉我们如何开阔我们的视野。 宾语从句需使用陈述语序，即连接词后接主语和谓语，选项B和C均为疑问语序，故排除。结合诗句含义，登高是为了看得更远，引申为通过提升自我来开阔眼界或心胸，选项A语意不符，选项 D 符合语境且语序正确。应填how we can open our minds。 13．—Do you know ________? —It takes a little time to watch one, and it’s an easy way to kill time. A．how people make short videos B．why short videos become popular C．what we can do with short videos 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道短视频为什么变得流行吗？——看一个视频花费的时间少，而且它是一个打发时间的简单方法。how people make short videos人们如何制作短视频；why short videos become popular为什么短视频会流行；what we can do with short videos我们能拿短视频做什么。根据答语“It takes a little time to watch one, and it’s an easy way to kill time.”可知，这是在解释短视频受欢迎的原因，对应选项B中的why。应填why short videos become popular。 14．David will do _________ his mother asks him. A．however B．whatever C．whoever 【答案】B 【详解】句意：大卫会做他妈妈让他做的任何事。考查连接词。however然而，无论怎样；whatever无论什么；whoever无论是谁。根据“David will do…his mother asks him.”可知，大卫会做她妈妈要求他做的任何事，故选B。 15．—Hey, Tom. What’s your plan for the coming winter holiday? —Well, I’m not sure ________. A．where I’ll go to spend my holiday B．when shall I go to spend the holiday C．how much money it cost to travel to Hainan D．that I will go over my lessons 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——嘿，汤姆。你即将到来的寒假有什么计划？——嗯，我不确定我将去哪里度假。 宾语从句需要使用陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语”。排除B选项；主句为一般现在时，从句可根据语境选择对应时态，根据问句“What’s your plan for the coming winter holiday?”可知，问的是将来的计划，从句时态应用一般将来时，A选项语序正确且符合语境；C选项时态为过去式，与“即将到来的寒假”不符；D选项语义逻辑不通。 【命题解读】 1. 引导词的类型与选择规则 宾语从句的引导词分以下四类： 类型 常见引导词 用法说明 连词 that that 引导陈述句，无实际意义，不充当成分，口语中常省略 连词 if/whether if, whether 引导一般疑问句，意为“是否”，不可省略 连接代词 what, which, who, whom, whose 引导特殊疑问句，在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等 连接副词 where, when, why, how 引导特殊疑问句，在从句中充当状语 2.语序——必须用陈述语序 这是宾语从句的最高频丢分点，必须重点掌握。不管原句是什么句式，宾语从句都必须用“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语”的陈述句语序。 误区对照表： 错误例句 正确说法 错误原因 Do you know where does he live? Do you know where he lives? 保留了疑问句的倒装语序 Could you tell me where is the post office? Could you tell me where the post office is? 疑问语序，助动词 is 放到了主语前面 Can you tell me what is this? Can you tell me what this is? 同样犯了疑问语序的错误 3.时态呼应——“主现从任意，主过从必过，真理永一现” 宾语从句的时态需要与主句时态保持逻辑上的呼应，核心规则可用三句话概括： 规则 口诀 真题体现（2025·北京） 主句一般现在时 → 从句可用任何所需时态 主现从任意 I don’t remember ______ the book yesterday. 答：where I put（过去时） 主句一般过去时 → 从句用过去的某种时态 主过从必过 He asked me if I liked the movie.（like → liked） 从句是客观真理 → 从句永远一般现在时 真理永一现 The teacher said the earth goes around the sun.（不受 told 影响） 【易错警示】 易错点1：语序错误——最高频失分点 错误：Could you tell me where is the post office? 正确：Could you tell me where the post office is? 警示：宾语从句必须用 “引导词 + 主语 + 谓语” 的陈述句语序。主句是疑问句时（如 Do you know… / Could you tell me…），学生极易受干扰而写出疑问语序。做题时看到 be 动词/助动词放在主语前面，直接排除。 易错点2：if 与 whether 混用——常考陷阱 错误：I‘m thinking about if to go.✅ 正确：I’m thinking about whether to go. 警示：以下四种情况只能用 whether，绝对不能用 if： 介词后：It depends on whether it rains. 与 or not 直接连用：I don‘t know whether or not she will come. 后接动词不定式：She hasn’t decided whether to accept the job. 从句置于句首：Whether he will join us, I don‘t know. 速记口诀：“跟'or not'，在介后，要加不定式，whether显身手。” 易错点3：that 的省略出错 错误：He said that the film was great and ⌀ he enjoyed it very much. 正确：He said (that) the film was great and that he enjoyed it very much. 警示：that 在宾语从句中多数情况可省略，但三种情况必须保留： 从句主语是 that 时：He says that that is a useful book. 从句中包含主从复合句时：I‘m afraid that if you lose it, you must pay for it. 有多个并列宾语从句时：第一个 that 可省，后面的必须保留。 速记口诀：“从句主语是that，并列从句要保留，主从复合不省略，that规则记心头。” 易错点4：时态呼应错误 错误：He told me that he will come tomorrow. 正确：He told me that he would come tomorrow. 警示：主句是过去时（told / said / asked 等），从句必须用过去的某种时态（一般过去、过去将来、过去完成等）。不能留用现在或将来时。 补充规则： 主现从任意：I know he likes music. / I know he liked music. 主过从必过：She said she was reading a book. 真理永一现：The teacher said the earth goes around the sun.（客观真理不受主句影响） 易错点5：否定前移遗漏 错误：I think he isn’t right. 正确：I don't think he is right. 警示：主句主语为第一人称（I / We），谓语动词为 think / believe / suppose / expect 等表“认为”的词时，否定词 not 必须前移到主句。 速记口诀：“I/We think/believe，否定 not 往前移。” 易错点6：Could you tell me... 中的时态误解 错误：Could you tell me when did he leave?（语序错） 错误：Could you tell me when he left?（时态错——若问还没发生的事） 正确：Could you tell me when he will leave?（询问将来） 警示：句首的 Could 表示委婉请求，不表示过去时。因此从句时态按实际情况选择，不受 Could 影响。同时注意语序仍为陈述语序。 易错点7：特殊疑问句转换成宾语从句时，疑问词重复或丢失 错误：Can you tell me what what he wants?（重复） 错误：Can you tell me he wants?（丢失疑问词） 正确：Can you tell me what he wants? 警示：原特殊疑问句中的疑问词（what / when / where / how / why）就是引导词，不能多写也不能漏掉。只需将其放在从句开头，后面接陈述语序。 易错点8：that 从句中的人称代词混淆 错误：She said, “I will come.” → She said that I would come. 正确：She said that she would come. 警示：直接引语转间接引语（即宾语从句）时，人称要根据主句主语和语境进行调整。不能照搬引号内的人称。 易错点9：if 引导的宾语从句与条件状语从句混淆 错误：I don‘t know if it rains tomorrow. (if 表“是否”，却用了主将从现) 正确：I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. 警示：当 if 译为 “是否”（宾语从句）时，时态按“主现从任意”规则，可用将来时。当 if 译为 “如果”（条件状语从句）时，才用“主将从现”（主句将来时，从句一般现在时）。两者规则截然不同。 对比： I don‘t know if he will come.（是否——宾语从句，将来时） If he comes, I will tell you.（如果——条件状语从句，主将从现） 易错点10：疑问词 + 不定式 结构中漏掉疑问词或不定式 错误：Please tell me how to?（缺动词原形） 错误：Please tell me to do it.（缺疑问词） 正确：Please tell me how to do it. 警示：“疑问词 + 动词不定式”是宾语从句的简化形式，疑问词不能省略，不定式后需要保留必要的宾语或状语。 【巩固提升1】 一、根据句意填写单词 1．I’m not sure ________ I can catch the bus or not. 2．Do you know ________ book wins the first prize in the competition? 3．Can you tell me ________ I can understand the difficult poem well? 4．Nobody knows ________ is the main character of this play. 5．She doesn’t know ________ book she should choose for the report. 6．The teacher asked ________ handwriting was the best in the class. 7．Could you tell me ________ you spent your summer vacation? 8．I don’t understand ________ he was late for class again. 【巩固提升2】 选词填空 填入合适疑问词 (what/who/where/when/why/how/which/whose) 1．I don’t know my best friend will arrive. 2．Could you tell me we can get on well with new classmates? 3．She wants to know advice her teacher gave on friendship. 4．Nobody knows boy will become his new close friend. 5．I asked him he refused to make friends with Tom. 6．Do you know wallet this is on the desk? 7．We wonder we should go for the friend’s birthday party. 8．He didn’t tell us he met his old friend yesterday. 9．Please find out helped the shy girl make more friends. 10．My mom asked problems I had with my deskmate. 11．They are discussing way is better to keep long friendship. 12．I’m not sure he will explain the argument to his friend. 13．The teacher wants to know students need help in making friends. 14．She forgot she left the gift for her best friend. 15．No one knows they will celebrate their friendship day. 一、单项选择 1．She also advised ________ I should keep a vocabulary notebook to record new words. A．what B．if C．whether D．that 2．—Do you know that Simon bought a robot dog yesterday? —Yes! It is said a robot dog can do many things. I wonder ________. A． what does the robot dog look like B． B．whether can the robot dog climb a hill C． if the robot dog can help him with his study D．that the robot dog’s batteries will last for long 3．Can you imagine ________ in one hundred years? A．how will our life look like B．how our life will like C．What will our life be like D．what our life will be like 4．We are all wondering about ________ at the 2026 Milan Winter Olympics. A．who will win the first gold medal for China B．how many gold medals will Chinese team win C．that how the Chinese freestyle skiers performed D．if Chinese athlete Su Yiming set a new world record 5．—I’d like to buy a new jacket, but I don’t know ________. —How about this one? A．which should I choose B．which I should choose C．where I can get it D．where can I get it 6．Could you tell me ________? A．where can I put my bicycle B．when will you start C．whose handwriting is the best D．who is he waiting for now 7．—I am having some problems with my son. He seems to say no to ________ I say. —It’s necessary for you two to have more communication. A．whenever B．however C．whatever D．wherever 8．— Do you know _________? — I’m not sure. Maybe next week. A．if our school will open the AI learning corner B．when our school will have a poem speech C．where our school will carry out short video rules D．why the school has decided to organize a science competition 9．—Excuse me, can you tell me ________? —Sure. There is a gift shop near the school. A．how I can get to the bus stop B．what time the bus will arrive C．where I can buy some Chinese knots D．who the English teacher of this class is 10．—Could you tell me ________? —Certainly. It will be carried out step by step. A．how the 15th Five-Year Plan will be carried out B．when the first year of the 15th Five-Year Plan is C．what is the most important event in China in 2026 11．—Lily, do you know ________ last month? —Sure, because it was the Chinese Spring Festival, people went back home and celebrated it. A．why did many stores close B．why many stores closed C．how did many stores close D．how many stores closed 12．—Did you hear what the coach said after the match? —Yes, he asked ________. A．why did we lose focus in the final round B．when we will have the next training C．how we could improve our teamwork 13．—Mum’s birthday is coming. I’m thinking about ________. —Why not cook a meal for her? A．what gift I gave her B．where should I buy a gift for her C．how I should give her a surprise D．when I should spend the day with her 14．Which sentence is NOT TRUE? .________ A．Please ask the policeman where the library is. B．Could you tell me how I can get to the cinema? C．We know how old he is. D．I suppose his answer isn’t right. 15．—Tom, can you tell me ________ an e-mail to you? —Of course. It’s easy. A．how can I send B．how I could send C．how to send D．what to send 二、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从1～15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Long ago, Lily lived with her father and grandmother in a forest house. They worked hard but remained 1 . One autumn, the king needed volunteers for a distant task. Lily’s father decided 2 . “Don’t go!” Lily cried. “I must,” he said. “The reward 3 us for the rest of our days.” Winter came with icy wind and snow. Lily worried. Her grandmother said, “My mother spoke of 4 ancient tree. Within it lives a fairy who can see 5 across miles.” The next day, Lily found the tree and knocked. A fairy appeared. “Kind sir, my father is away. I fear for his comfort. Can you tell me 6 he is?” “To receive, one 7 give. What do you have?” Lily gave him her cloak. “Your father is warm and dry,” said the fairy. Months later, food 8 scarce (缺乏的). Lily returned with their last chicken. The fairy appeared. “Will you take this chicken?” Lily asked. “I will,” he said. “Your father is full.” As spring drew near, a traveller told Lily many king’s men wouldn’t return. Lily hurried to the tree with 9 left to give the fairy. The fairy eyed her braid. “I would take your hair.” Lily cut it off. “Your father lives,” said the fairy. A week later, her father returned. They sat by the fire. “How did you survive?” Grandmother asked. He frowned. “By 10 , perhaps. Once, a cloak 11 on a tree. It kept me warm. Later, a chicken ran 12 my path, feeding me for a week. Days ago, I fell into a river. A rope appeared and saved me.” “My braid!” Lily cried, touching her short hair. She told him about the fairy. The next day, they went to thank him, 13 he was gone. “Perhaps he shows 14 only to those in need,” Grandmother said. Lily never forgot him. Years later, she told her children the story of the fairy 15 used her gifts to bring her father home. 1．A．poorer B．poorest C．poor D．poverty 2．A．going B．go C．gone D．to go 3．A．fed B．would feed C．will feed D．has fed 4．A．the B．an C．a D．/ 5．A．clear B．clearly C．clearness D．clearance 6．A．how B．where C．what D．who 7．A．must B．would C．can D．may 8．A．has become B．is becoming C．becomes D．became 9．A．something B．nothing C．anything D．everything 10．A．magician B．magical C．magically D．magic 11．A．found B．was found C．is found D．has found 12．A．across B．over C．behind D．above 13．A．so B．and C．but D．or 14．A．himself B．him C．he D．his 15．A．whose B．what C．which D．who 三、短文填空 A 阅读短文,根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。 Luoyang, a beautiful city in Henan Province, has a long history of over 5,000 years. It is one of 1 oldest capitals in China and is well - known for its rich cultural heritage. Many people wonder 2 the ancient emperors built such grand palaces and temples here. The Longmen Grottoes, a world cultural heritage site, are filled 3 thousands of amazing stone carvings. Every year, visitors from all over the world come 4 admire the beauty and artistry of these works. If you take a walk along the Luohe River, you will find that the streets and parks 5 always clean and tidy. Luoyang is not only a city of history but also a city of modern charm. B 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空(必要时可加情态动词或助动词)。 Larry seemed always silent and didn’t have any friends. His teacher Mr. Brown noticed this. One day, he asked Larry to meet him after class. Mr. Brown said,“I see that you 1 (not talk) to anyone or show any interest in anything every day. What’s wrong?” Larry replied,“Sir, I have a very difficult life. I have to face some very sad things and I 2 (think) about them all the time. Because of this, I can’t pay my attention to anything and don’t even feel like 3 (talk) to anybody.” Mr. Brown listened carefully, thought for a while and said,“Would you like some lemonade (柠檬汽水)?” Larry felt a little surprised and nervously replied,“Yes, thank you!” He wondered how this simple drink 4 possibly 5 (help) solve his problems. While Mr. Brown 6 (prepare) lemonade, he added more salt on purpose and kept the quantity (数量) of sugar low. Larry made a strange face as soon as he 7 (drink) a sip (一小口) of that lemonade. Seeing this, Mr. Brown asked,“You don’t like it?” “Um... it’s just there is a bit too much salt in it,” Larry answered. Mr. Brown stopped him,“Oh, it doesn’t matter. I 8 (throw) it away soon.” When the teacher poured the drink away, Larry stopped him and said,“Sir, please don’t throw it away. If a little more sugar 9 (put) in the lemonade, it will be fine to drink.” Hearing this, Mr. Brown said happily, “This is what I want to hear from you. 10 (improve) the taste of lemonade, we don’t need to remove (清除) the salt from it, we can just add some sugar to it. Similarly, we cannot take away sad things that 11 (happen) to us, but we can add sweetness of good experiences in our life. If you keep on crying about your past, neither your present will be right nor the future will be bright.” Larry realized his problem and promised to live a positive life. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $