专题01 状语从句（时间状语从句、条件状语从句）（暑假复习讲义）新九年级英语新教材仁爱科普版

专题01 状语从句（时间状语从句、条件状语从句） 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系 脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区 典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官 创作说明： 1. 简明扼要列出本讲学习目标、常考点和命题风向，并给出考情解码（即明确中考导向，让学生知道为什么要学，学什么以及怎么学）； 2. 创作完成后，本块内容请删除。 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 时间状语 1.when / while / as 的区别，这是时间状语从句中最核心、最易错的考点。 2.before / after 的辨析 3.until / till 与 not...until 结构 4.时态规律——“主将从现”这是时间状语从句最核心、最稳定的考点，几乎每年中考必考。 1.语境化、情景化命题 近年中考不再单纯考查连接词辨析，而是将时间状语从句融入真实语境中，要求考生根据上下文逻辑关系选择正确的连接词和时态。 2.时态呼应由“主将从现”向“主过从过”延伸 虽然“主将从现”是核心，但考查过去时态的时间状语从句也越来越多，尤其是与过去进行时搭配。 3.否定结构 not...until 成为必考项 几乎每年中考都会在单选或句型转换中出现 not...until 的考查，且难度逐年提升（如与倒装结合）。 条件状语 1. if 与 unless 的辨析，这是条件状语从句中最核心、最易错的考点。 2. if 与 whether 的区别（常与宾语从句混淆） 3. as long as / so long as 的考查 4. in case 的考查，表示“万一；以防”，表示预防性的条件。 5.时态规律——“主将从现” 6.if 引导的条件状语从句与 if 引导的宾语从句的区分；这是中考中的高频混淆点。 条件状语从句与其他状语从句的混合辨析 1.真实语境化命题 近年中考不再单独考查条件状语从句的语法形式，而是将条件句融入 真实生活场景（如天气预报、计划安排、行为后果），要求考生根据逻辑关系选择。 2.与时间状语从句混合考查 试卷中常将 when 和 if 放在同一语境中，考查学生对“时间”和“条件”的区分。 3.unless 与 if not 的转换成为必考项 几乎每年中考都会在句型转换或单项选择题中出现 unless 与 if not 的互换。 4.祈使句 + and/or 与条件状语从句的转换 这是一种重要考点，考查学生是否掌握条件句与并列句的转换。 5.与情态动词结合考查 条件状语从句的主句中常出现 can, may, should, must 等情态动词，考查学生是否能正确使用。 考情解码： 课标要求 正确使用 if, unless, as long as 等引导的条件状语从句； 掌握 “主将从现” 的时态呼应规律； 在真实语境中区分 if 引导的条件状语从句（“如果”）与宾语从句（“是否”）； 理解并完成 祈使句 + and/or 与条件状语从句的转换。 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 状语从句概述 定义 状语从句用作状语，是起副词作用的句子。 位置 状语从句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，时间、条件、原因和让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号和主句隔开。 分类 根据其作用可以分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、让步、方式和比较等状语从句。 作用 它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语和整个句子。 概念：在复合句中作状语的从句叫作状语从句。状语从句一般修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。 功能：九大状语从句分别表示（时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、让步、比较） 等意义。 位置：位置灵活，可用于主句之前或之后。 知识点一 时间状语从句 1．when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句 when 从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。译为“当……时；在……期间”。 while 从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生 as 从句谓语一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可译为“一边……，一边……；随着……” 2. 比较until和till 此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是＂做某事直至某时＂，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是＂直至某时才做某事＂。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。 肯定句：I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。 Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。 （在肯定句中可用before代替。例如：Let’s get in the wheat before the sun sets.） 否定句：She didn’t arrive until 6 o’clock. 她直到6点才到。 Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。 I didn’t manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才会做。 区别： （1）until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。 Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。 （2）until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。 —Until when are you staying? —Until next Monday. 注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。 （3）Not until...在句首，主句用倒装。 Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热为何物。 Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到工作，才认识到我已蹉跎了许多岁月。 （4）It is not until... that... It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted. （5）表示＂一……就……＂的结构 hardly/scarcely... when/before, no sooner... than 和as soon as都可以表示＂一……就……＂的意思。 I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. 刚回家，就下起雨来了。 I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. As soon as I got home, it began to rain. 注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构。 Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 3．before与since引导的时间状语从句 (1) before与since的常用句式。 连词 常用句式 before It will be＋一段时间＋before ... 过……时间才…… It will not be/was not long＋before ... 不久就会/没多久就…… It was＋时间段＋before ... 过了……(时间)才…… since It is/has been＋一段时间＋since ... (从句用一般过去时) It was＋一段时间＋since ... (从句用过去完成时) It will be half a year before I come back. (……之后才……) 我半年之后才会来。 It won’t be long before we meet again.（不久就......） 用不了多久我们就会再见面。 It was three days before he came back.（过了......才......） 过了三天他才会来。 (2) since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词，所表示的动作自从句谓语动词所表示的动作开始时算起；若用延续性动词，所表示的动作自从句谓语的动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。 It’s three years since he joined the army.(自从......多久了......) 自从他参军已经三年了。 It's two years since we arrived here. 我们到这儿两年了。 It's three years since we lived here. 我们不住在这里有三年了。 (3) “It be＋时间状语＋that＋其他”构成强调句型，意思是“正是在某一时间发生了某事”。 It was at eight o'clock that we got home. 正是在八点我们到了家。 (4)“It be＋时间点＋when从句”表示“某事发生在什么时间”，it指代时间。 It was six o'clock when we got home. 当我们到家的时候六点了。 4．till, until和not ... until引导的时间状语从句 (1) “延续性动词(肯定式)＋until/till”表示“动作延续到……为止”。 We walked along the river until/till it was dark. 我们沿着河散步，一直到天黑。 (2) “瞬间动词/延续性动词(否定式)＋until/till”表示“直到……才发生”。 He didn't know anything about it until/till I told him. 直到我告诉他，他才知道这件事。 (3) 强调句型：It is/was not until ... that ... It was not until the professor came that we began the experiment. 直到教授来了，我们才开始做实验。 易错点：（1）till不可以置于句首，而until可以。 Until you told me I had no idea of it. 直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。 （2）not until置于句首，主句要用倒装结构。 Not until the film began did she arrive. 直到电影开始她才到。 【典例破题】 1．We’ll start the new project ________ the new term begins, helping classmates who need support with their studies. A．until B．though C．when D．unless 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当新学期开始时，我们会启动这个新项目，帮助学习上需要支持的同学。until“直到”，用在肯定句中时，主句的动词必须是延续性动词，表示动作持续到某个时间点结束，引导时间状语从句；though“虽然”引导让步状语从句，表示转折；when“当……时”引导时间状语从句；unless“除非”引导条件状语从句。“the new term begins”是一个时间节点，需要一个引导时间状语从句的连词，且原句的主句动词start是非延续性动词从句，故排除until，选when。 2．I usually take notes ________ I listen to English. A．while B．before C．until D．as soon as 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我通常在听英语的时候记笔记。while当……的时候，可引导时间状语从句，侧重主从句动作同时发生；before在……之前；until直到……；as soon as一……就……。结合生活常识和语境，记笔记和听英语是同时进行的动作，只有while符合语义逻辑。 3．________ the bad man was leaving, the police came and caught him. A．So B．If C．But D．As 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当这个坏人正要离开时，警察来了并抓住了他。考查连词辨析。So因此；If如果；But但是；As当……时。根据“the bad man was leaving, the police came and caught him.”可知，此处描述这个坏人要离开时被警察抓住了，用as引导时间状语从句。故选D。 4．My grandparents have lived in the old town ________ they got married in 1968. A．for B．since C．in D．after 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的祖父母自从1968年结婚以来一直住在老城区。for长达；since自从；in在……里；after在……之后。根据主句“have lived”是现在完成时，从句“got married”是一般过去时，表示动作从过去持续到现在，应用since引导时间状语从句。 5．You must finish review ________ you watch TV. A．after B．before C．as soon as D．when 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你必须在看电视之前完成复习。  after在……之后；before在……之前；as soon as一……就……；when当……时。根据句意，复习应在看电视之前完成，应用before引导时间状语从句。故选用before。 6．Many tourists came to try the pork and vegetable wontons ________ the film Shanghai Wonton became a hit. A．so that B．though C．after D．unless 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在电影《上海馄饨》走红后，许多游客都来品尝猪肉蔬菜馄饨。so that以便，为了；though尽管；after在……之后；unless除非。根据“Many tourists came to try the pork and vegetable wontons...the film Shanghai Wonton became a hit.”可知，许多游客来品尝猪肉蔬菜馄饨是在电影《上海馄饨》走红之后，所以这里用after引导时间状语从句。 7．He waited ________ his friend appeared at the English club. A．if B．until C．when D．though 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他直到他的朋友出现在英语俱乐部才停止等待。if如果；until直到……为止；when当……时候；though虽然。根据“He waited”及“his friend appeared”可知，等待的动作持续到朋友出现这一时刻为止，until引导时间状语从句，符合语境。 8．By the time we ________ the concert hall, the band had already started playing. A．have reached B．reached C．had reached D．reach 【答案】B 【详解】句意：等我们到达音乐厅时，乐队已经开始演奏了。根据“By the time”可知，从句用一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作，应填reached。 9．We will start our discussion ________ everyone arrives. A．until B．as soon as C．while D．before 【答案】B 【详解】句意：大家一到，我们就开始讨论。 until直到；as soon as一……就……；while当……时候；before在……之前。句中 “开始讨论” 是主句，“大家一到” 是从句。根据句意，表示 “一……就……”，需要用连词as soon as引导时间状语从句。 【易错警示】 易错一：主句将来时，从句误用将来时（主将从现规则） 在时间状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时（will do）、祈使句或含有情态动词，从句必须用 一般现在时 表示将来。这是英语语法中“主将从现”的核心规则。 判断技巧 看到主句中有 will / shall / can / may / must 或主句是 祈使句，且从句表示将来的时间，立即锁定从句用一般现在时。 易错二：when 与 while 混用 连接词 动词类型 常用时态 强调 when 短暂或延续 一般过去时/过去进行时 动作可先后或同时 while 只接延续动词 过去进行时（常用） 两个动作同时持续 易错三：until 与 not...until 结构混淆 主句动词类型 结构 含义 例句 延续动词（wait, stay, sleep, work） 肯定 + until 动作一直持续到……为止 I slept until 8 o‘clock. 短暂动词（leave, start, finish, arrive） not...until 直到……才…… He didn’t arrive until 8 o‘clock. 判断技巧 动词能持续做 → 用 until（肯定）。 动词瞬间完成 → 用 not...until（否定）。 易错四：before / after 的时间顺序颠倒 before：主句动作发生在从句动作 之前。 after：主句动作发生在从句动作 之后。 易错五：as soon as 的位置与标点 as soon as 引导的从句同样遵循 主将从现。 从句放在句首时，通常用逗号与主句隔开；从句放在句尾时，通常不用逗号。 【巩固提升1】 1．________ Amy met Peter, she with her mum ________ for the bus at the bus station. A．When; were waiting B．When; was waiting C．While; were waiting D．While; was waiting 2．________ the signal (信号) gets stronger, the multimedia device ________ the Wi-Fi smoothly. A．With; will be connected to B．As; will be connected to C．When; was connected to D．As; is connected to 3．—When can we go back to school?—_________ the virus is controlled. Safety comes first! A．Before B．Until C．Not until D．Since 【巩固提升2】 单词拼写 1．When the teacher came into the classroom, we ________ (have) a heated discussion about the project. 2．Don’t worry about me. I ________ (finish) all my work before I ________ (leave). 3．They ________ (not understand) the problem until the teacher ________ (explain) it. 4．Alice will come to see you as soon as you ________ (arrive) in Shanghai. 5．As one of the primary students ________ (feed) the goldfish, there was a knock at the door. 知识点二 条件状语从句 1．if和unless引导的条件状语从句。if表示正面的条件，意为“如果”；unless(＝if ... not)表示反面的条件，意为“除非，如果不”。 If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟就碰到他了。 You'll fail the exam unless you study hard(＝if you don't study hard)． 除非你努力学习，否则你考试会不及格。 2．in case, on condition that等词汇意思相近，意为“万一，假使，假如，在……条件下”。 In case there is a fire, what will we do first? 万一发生火灾，我们首先要做什么？ They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend. 他们同意把车借给我们，条件是我们在周末前归还。 3．as long as(＝so long as)引导语气强烈的条件状语从句，意为“只要”。 As long as you don't lose heart, you will succeed. 你只要不灰心，就会成功。 4．在“祈使句＋and/or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句”句型中，祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句。 Run faster and you'll catch the bus. 跑快点，你就会赶上公共汽车的。 Work hard, otherwise you'll fail. 努力干，要不你就会失败的。 5．if only “如果……就好了”和only if “只有”也可以引导条件状语从句。但是当only if置于句首时，主句部分倒装。 If only I were as clever as you. 我要是像你一样聪明就好了。 Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to leave the classroom. 学生只有得到老师的许可才能离开教室。 【典例破题】 1．We can save much labour ________ smart robots appear in daily life. A．because B．though C．if D．until 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果智能机器人出现在日常生活中，我们可以节省很多劳动力。 because因为，引导原因状语从句；though虽然，尽管，引导让步状语从句；if如果，引导条件状语从句；until直到……为止，引导时间状语从句。分析句子可知，“smart robots appear in daily life（智能机器人出现在日常生活中）”是一种条件，“We can save much labour（我们可以节省很多劳动力）”是在这种条件下产生的结果，即此处需要if引导的条件状语从句，故C项符合语境。 2．We won’t go camping ______ the weather becomes fine tomorrow. A．if B．unless C．when D．though 【答案】B 【详解】句意：除非明天天气变好，否则我们不会去露营。 if如果；unless除非；when当……时；though虽然。根据“We won’t go camping...the weather becomes fine tomorrow.”可知，天气好是露营的前提，用unless引导条件状语从句。 3．—Mum, can I play badminton with Jim now? —________ you finish your homework, you can have fun with him. Study comes first. A．Till B．Before C．Once D．While 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我现在可以和Jim打羽毛球吗？——一旦你完成作业，就可以和他玩。学习是第一位的。考查连词辨析。Till直到；Before在……之前；Once一旦；While当……时候。根据“Study comes first.”强调学习优先可知，必须完成作业后才能玩耍，因此需要一个表示条件满足后发生某事的连词。Once引导条件状语从句，表示作业完成后即可玩耍，符合逻辑。故选C。 4．Life is not always easy, but ________ you keep working hard, you’ll achieve your dream like those astronauts. A．as soon as B．as long as C．ever since D．even though 【答案】B 【详解】句意：生活并不总是一帆风顺，但只要你继续努力，你就会像那些宇航员一样实现梦想。   as soon as一……就……；as long as只要；ever since自从；even though即使。根据“you keep working hard”及“you’ll achieve your dream”可知，努力是实现梦想的条件，需用as long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句。 5．Please take an umbrella with you ________ it rains ________. A．so that; in the way B．even though; in this way C．as soon as; by the way D．in case; on the way 【答案】D 【详解】句意：请随身带把伞，以防在途中下雨。考查连词短语及介词短语辨析。第一空，so that以便；even though尽管；as soon as一……就；in case以防。空格后的从句“it rains”是带伞的原因或可能发生的情况，应用“in case”引导条件状语从句，表示“以防”。第二空，in the way挡路；in this way用这种方法；by the way顺便说；on the way在路上。根据句意，此处指“在途中”下雨，应用“on the way”。故选D。 6．________ it got dark, we stopped our group study. A．While B．When C．Before D．Until 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当天变黑的时候，我们停止了小组学习。  While当……时（侧重时间段，后常接延续性动作）；When当……时（可接时间点或时间段，动作可延续或短暂）；Before在……之前；Until直到（常与not连用）。句中“got dark”为短暂性动作，且表示“当那一刻发生时”，应用when引导时间状语从句。故选用When。 【易错警示】 时间状语从句与条件状语从句混淆 典型错误:When you don’t work hard, you will fail.（此处应该用条件句 if） 正确用法:If you don‘t work hard, you will fail.（条件） When you work hard, you will succeed.（时间，但此处也可用 if，需看语境） 解析 when 表示“当……时”，强调 时间点或时间段。 if 表示“如果”，强调 条件。 当一个句子既可以理解为时间也可以理解为条件时，需根据语境判断。但通常情况下，“如果不……就……”用 if。 判断技巧 能否用 “如果” 替换？能 → 用 if。 能否用 “当……时候” 替换？能 → 用 when。 例句：I will be happy _______ I see you.（两种都说得通，但“当我见到你”更自然，用 when） 【巩固提升1】 一、单项选择 1．—I want to be an astronaut some day. But it seems impossible. —I am sure your dream must come true ________ you work hard. A．as soon as B．as long as C．as much as D．as well as 2．Dad and I will go to see a movie ________ I can finish my homework before 7:00 p. m. A．if B．and C．but 3．We’ll miss the bus ________ we walk more quickly. A．so B．if C．unless D．because 4．You should make a resolution ________ you want to make it. A．where B．until C．if D．although 5．—May I go to the cinema with you tonight? —I’m afraid not, ________ you have finished your homework. A．if B．unless C．until D．although 6．You will find the task is not so difficult as it seems to be ________ you try harder. A．after B．as long as C．so that D．before 7．I’ll never forget the meaningful lesson ________ I live. A．as long as B．what if C．not until D．no matter who 8．—Can you guess if they ________ to my birthday party? —I think they will come if they ________ free. A．will come, will be B．come, will be C．will come, are 【巩固提升2】 一、单词拼写 1．We will put off the sports meeting if it ________ (rain) tomorrow. 2．The teacher ________ (get) angry if I don’t finish my homework. 3．We will go on a picnic unless it ________ (be) rainy next Sunday. 一、单项选择 1．Come on! You will discover a new side of yourself ________ you get through all the difficulties. A．when B．unless C．even though 2．Don’t make any noise ________ your father is sleeping in the next room. A．though B．while C．unless D．after 3．Alice won second prize in the competition. ________ she stood on the stage with flowers in hands, her eyes were filled with tears. A．Until B．After C．While D．As 4．— We have been good friends since we ________ the same primary school. — That’s true. I’ll never forget those good old days! A．have entered B．entered C．enter 5．—Keep going! We still have some work to finish ________ the break begins. —OK! Let’s hurry up. A．before B．since C．after D．unless 6．Teenagers should do some housework ________ they finish their homework. A．until B．unless C．after D．because 7．He didn’t go to bed ________ his father came back home. A．until B．although C．because D．if 8．By the time you arrive in London, we ________ in Europe for two weeks. A．will stay B．will have stayed C．have stayed D．have been staying 9．The class meeting will begin ________ the head teacher arrives. A．as long as B．as soon as C．so that D．even if 10．—Excuse me. What’s your favorite saying? —Nothing is impossible in the world ________ you put your heart into it. A．but B．if C．before D．unless 11．People can hardly see the stars well ________ we cut down on light pollution in cities. A．after B．since C．as D．unless 12．—How was your trip last vacation? —It was wonderful. I went to Mount Huangshan. ________ you climb Mount Huangshan, you needn’t go to see any other mountain. A．Or B．Once C．Although D．Until 13．You can achieve your dream ________ you keep trying and never give up. A．although B．since C．as long as D．even if 14．Give me your telephone number ____I need your help. A．whether B．unless C．so that D．in case 15．—Could you tell me whether it ________ tomorrow? —If it ________, we will put off the sports meeting. A．will rain; rains B．rains; will rain C．would rain; rained D．is raining; rain 二、单词拼写 1．Not until I began to work did I ________ (realize) how much time I had wasted. 2．Mr. Li ________ (teach) his students how to do some writing while his students are listening carefully. 3．We will go on a trip to the Huishan Ancient Town unless it ________ (rain) tomorrow. 4．No matter how long the road is, you _________ (reach) the end as long as you keep going. 5．Unless they do, they ________ (not find) their way out. 6．My mother will tell him the truth (真相) as soon as he ________ (come) back home. 7．Using public chopsticks is necessary when _______ (eat) with others. 8．He has been an English teacher since he ________ (graduate) from the university. 9．It’s natural that you ________ (feel) nervous when you give a speech in front of so many people. 10．—What if I fail the test? —Take it easy. Let’s worry about it when it ________ (happen). 三、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Have you ever heard of Wang Zhenyi? Perhaps most of us didn’t know this great name 1 she was introduced in a CCTV programme. She lived in the Qing Dynasty, when educational chances for girls were very 2 . Yet, with 3 family’s strong support, she started a special journey of teaching herself, proving that true learning often begins with personal curiosity. When she was young, she 4 to read widely from the home library, which contained books on many different subjects. This early encouragement helped build 5 strong interest in astronomy. Unlike many people, she refused 6 unscientific ideas about events like lunar eclipses (月食). “I must see the truth 37 my own eyes,” she told herself. She kept this thought in mind 8 while doing her experiments late into the evening. Her way of working was serious and 9 , always step by step. To find out how a lunar eclipse happens, she placed simple objects in her room, creating a small model of the solar system. She moved a round table, a lamp, and a mirror slowly 10 the movements of the Earth, Sun, and Moon, demonstrating the cause of the eclipse. Through this simple but clever model, she explained 11 sunlight is shaded during this event, making a complex idea easy to understand. Her important 12 to science was realized mainly through writing. She 13 many clear and helpful articles. Even ordinary people could understand difficult ideas without needing special training. Her life was short, 14 her brave mind and clear thinking left a lasting mark on Chinese science. Today, her story continues to teach us that we 15 overcome problems and achieve great things through curiosity, hard work, and a belief in ourselves. 1．A．unless B．because C．after D．until 2．A．much B．little C．few D．many 3．A．she B．her C．hers D．herself 4．A．allowed B．was allowed C．have allowed D．will allow 5．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 6．A．believe B．believing C．to believe D．believed 7．A．through B．by C．in D．with 8．A．quiet B．quieten C．quietly D．quietness 9．A．patient B．patiently C．more patient D．more patiently 10．A．copy B．to copy C．copying D．copied 11．A．how B．when C．what D．where 12．A．contribute B．contributes C．contributed D．contribution 13．A．write B．writes C．wrote D．will write 14．A．and B．but C．so D．or 15．A．can B．must C．should D．would 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 On 25 September 2017, the scientific world was shaken by the news that Chinese professor, Zhong Yang, died in a car accident. 1 well-respected biologist spent his whole life researching plants and seeds. Over the years, he collected many important seeds for China’s seed banks. These special banks protect all kinds of plant seeds, including the 2 (one) we need for food, and they make sure that important plants do not disappear from the world forever. Zhong Yang was born in 1964. When he was young, he showed a deep love and curiosity for the things he studied. He was an excellent student, 3 (enter) university at the early age of 15. There, he studied radio engineering and later showed great 4 (interesting) in plants. The research and study of plants, especially the seeds, became the focus of his life after he became a professor at Fudan University. It is important for seed banks to include many different kinds of seeds. When Zhong Yang discovered that there was not enough research of the seeds from Xizang, he went there to collect seeds himself. In 2001, he began his travels across Xizang. It was very difficult for him to deal with the 5 (freeze) weather and great heights. He sometimes fell sick, but he always continued with his work. Zhong Yang knew it was better to include more people 6 doing important work. He began a programme to find and train local students 7 (become) scientists. Together, he and his team collected more than 40 million seeds from around 1,000 plants. Their hard work provided the world 8 lots of new information about the plants in China. Zhong Yang left behind more than just a huge 9 (collect) of seeds. His love for his job and research lives on in his students. He once said, “My students 10 (continue) on the road of scientific exploration and the seeds we have collected may grow hundreds of years from now.” 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 状语从句（时间状语从句、条件状语从句） 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系 脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区 典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官 创作说明： 1. 简明扼要列出本讲学习目标、常考点和命题风向，并给出考情解码（即明确中考导向，让学生知道为什么要学，学什么以及怎么学）； 2. 创作完成后，本块内容请删除。 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 时间状语 1.when / while / as 的区别，这是时间状语从句中最核心、最易错的考点。 2.before / after 的辨析 3.until / till 与 not...until 结构 4.时态规律——“主将从现”这是时间状语从句最核心、最稳定的考点，几乎每年中考必考。 1.语境化、情景化命题 近年中考不再单纯考查连接词辨析，而是将时间状语从句融入真实语境中，要求考生根据上下文逻辑关系选择正确的连接词和时态。 2.时态呼应由“主将从现”向“主过从过”延伸 虽然“主将从现”是核心，但考查过去时态的时间状语从句也越来越多，尤其是与过去进行时搭配。 3.否定结构 not...until 成为必考项 几乎每年中考都会在单选或句型转换中出现 not...until 的考查，且难度逐年提升（如与倒装结合）。 条件状语 1. if 与 unless 的辨析，这是条件状语从句中最核心、最易错的考点。 2. if 与 whether 的区别（常与宾语从句混淆） 3. as long as / so long as 的考查 4. in case 的考查，表示“万一；以防”，表示预防性的条件。 5.时态规律——“主将从现” 6.if 引导的条件状语从句与 if 引导的宾语从句的区分；这是中考中的高频混淆点。 条件状语从句与其他状语从句的混合辨析 1.真实语境化命题 近年中考不再单独考查条件状语从句的语法形式，而是将条件句融入 真实生活场景（如天气预报、计划安排、行为后果），要求考生根据逻辑关系选择。 2.与时间状语从句混合考查 试卷中常将 when 和 if 放在同一语境中，考查学生对“时间”和“条件”的区分。 3.unless 与 if not 的转换成为必考项 几乎每年中考都会在句型转换或单项选择题中出现 unless 与 if not 的互换。 4.祈使句 + and/or 与条件状语从句的转换 这是一种重要考点，考查学生是否掌握条件句与并列句的转换。 5.与情态动词结合考查 条件状语从句的主句中常出现 can, may, should, must 等情态动词，考查学生是否能正确使用。 考情解码： 课标要求 正确使用 if, unless, as long as 等引导的条件状语从句； 掌握 “主将从现” 的时态呼应规律； 在真实语境中区分 if 引导的条件状语从句（“如果”）与宾语从句（“是否”）； 理解并完成 祈使句 + and/or 与条件状语从句的转换。 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 状语从句概述 定义 状语从句用作状语，是起副词作用的句子。 位置 状语从句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，时间、条件、原因和让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号和主句隔开。 分类 根据其作用可以分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、让步、方式和比较等状语从句。 作用 它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语和整个句子。 概念：在复合句中作状语的从句叫作状语从句。状语从句一般修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。 功能：九大状语从句分别表示（时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、让步、比较） 等意义。 位置：位置灵活，可用于主句之前或之后。 知识点一 时间状语从句 1．when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句 when 从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。译为“当……时；在……期间”。 while 从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生 as 从句谓语一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可译为“一边……，一边……；随着……” 2. 比较until和till 此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是＂做某事直至某时＂，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是＂直至某时才做某事＂。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。 肯定句：I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。 Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。 （在肯定句中可用before代替。例如：Let’s get in the wheat before the sun sets.） 否定句：She didn’t arrive until 6 o’clock. 她直到6点才到。 Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。 I didn’t manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才会做。 区别： （1）until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。 Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。 （2）until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。 —Until when are you staying? —Until next Monday. 注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。 （3）Not until...在句首，主句用倒装。 Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热为何物。 Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到工作，才认识到我已蹉跎了许多岁月。 （4）It is not until... that... It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted. （5）表示＂一……就……＂的结构 hardly/scarcely... when/before, no sooner... than 和as soon as都可以表示＂一……就……＂的意思。 I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. 刚回家，就下起雨来了。 I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. As soon as I got home, it began to rain. 注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构。 Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 3．before与since引导的时间状语从句 (1) before与since的常用句式。 连词 常用句式 before It will be＋一段时间＋before ... 过……时间才…… It will not be/was not long＋before ... 不久就会/没多久就…… It was＋时间段＋before ... 过了……(时间)才…… since It is/has been＋一段时间＋since ... (从句用一般过去时) It was＋一段时间＋since ... (从句用过去完成时) It will be half a year before I come back. (……之后才……) 我半年之后才会来。 It won’t be long before we meet again.（不久就......） 用不了多久我们就会再见面。 It was three days before he came back.（过了......才......） 过了三天他才会来。 (2) since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词，所表示的动作自从句谓语动词所表示的动作开始时算起；若用延续性动词，所表示的动作自从句谓语的动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。 It’s three years since he joined the army.(自从......多久了......) 自从他参军已经三年了。 It's two years since we arrived here. 我们到这儿两年了。 It's three years since we lived here. 我们不住在这里有三年了。 (3) “It be＋时间状语＋that＋其他”构成强调句型，意思是“正是在某一时间发生了某事”。 It was at eight o'clock that we got home. 正是在八点我们到了家。 (4)“It be＋时间点＋when从句”表示“某事发生在什么时间”，it指代时间。 It was six o'clock when we got home. 当我们到家的时候六点了。 4．till, until和not ... until引导的时间状语从句 (1) “延续性动词(肯定式)＋until/till”表示“动作延续到……为止”。 We walked along the river until/till it was dark. 我们沿着河散步，一直到天黑。 (2) “瞬间动词/延续性动词(否定式)＋until/till”表示“直到……才发生”。 He didn't know anything about it until/till I told him. 直到我告诉他，他才知道这件事。 (3) 强调句型：It is/was not until ... that ... It was not until the professor came that we began the experiment. 直到教授来了，我们才开始做实验。 易错点：（1）till不可以置于句首，而until可以。 Until you told me I had no idea of it. 直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。 （2）not until置于句首，主句要用倒装结构。 Not until the film began did she arrive. 直到电影开始她才到。 【典例破题】 1．We’ll start the new project ________ the new term begins, helping classmates who need support with their studies. A．until B．though C．when D．unless 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当新学期开始时，我们会启动这个新项目，帮助学习上需要支持的同学。until“直到”，用在肯定句中时，主句的动词必须是延续性动词，表示动作持续到某个时间点结束，引导时间状语从句；though“虽然”引导让步状语从句，表示转折；when“当……时”引导时间状语从句；unless“除非”引导条件状语从句。“the new term begins”是一个时间节点，需要一个引导时间状语从句的连词，且原句的主句动词start是非延续性动词从句，故排除until，选when。 2．I usually take notes ________ I listen to English. A．while B．before C．until D．as soon as 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我通常在听英语的时候记笔记。while当……的时候，可引导时间状语从句，侧重主从句动作同时发生；before在……之前；until直到……；as soon as一……就……。结合生活常识和语境，记笔记和听英语是同时进行的动作，只有while符合语义逻辑。 3．________ the bad man was leaving, the police came and caught him. A．So B．If C．But D．As 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当这个坏人正要离开时，警察来了并抓住了他。考查连词辨析。So因此；If如果；But但是；As当……时。根据“the bad man was leaving, the police came and caught him.”可知，此处描述这个坏人要离开时被警察抓住了，用as引导时间状语从句。故选D。 4．My grandparents have lived in the old town ________ they got married in 1968. A．for B．since C．in D．after 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的祖父母自从1968年结婚以来一直住在老城区。for长达；since自从；in在……里；after在……之后。根据主句“have lived”是现在完成时，从句“got married”是一般过去时，表示动作从过去持续到现在，应用since引导时间状语从句。 5．You must finish review ________ you watch TV. A．after B．before C．as soon as D．when 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你必须在看电视之前完成复习。  after在……之后；before在……之前；as soon as一……就……；when当……时。根据句意，复习应在看电视之前完成，应用before引导时间状语从句。故选用before。 6．Many tourists came to try the pork and vegetable wontons ________ the film Shanghai Wonton became a hit. A．so that B．though C．after D．unless 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在电影《上海馄饨》走红后，许多游客都来品尝猪肉蔬菜馄饨。so that以便，为了；though尽管；after在……之后；unless除非。根据“Many tourists came to try the pork and vegetable wontons...the film Shanghai Wonton became a hit.”可知，许多游客来品尝猪肉蔬菜馄饨是在电影《上海馄饨》走红之后，所以这里用after引导时间状语从句。 7．He waited ________ his friend appeared at the English club. A．if B．until C．when D．though 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他直到他的朋友出现在英语俱乐部才停止等待。if如果；until直到……为止；when当……时候；though虽然。根据“He waited”及“his friend appeared”可知，等待的动作持续到朋友出现这一时刻为止，until引导时间状语从句，符合语境。 8．By the time we ________ the concert hall, the band had already started playing. A．have reached B．reached C．had reached D．reach 【答案】B 【详解】句意：等我们到达音乐厅时，乐队已经开始演奏了。根据“By the time”可知，从句用一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作，应填reached。 9．We will start our discussion ________ everyone arrives. A．until B．as soon as C．while D．before 【答案】B 【详解】句意：大家一到，我们就开始讨论。 until直到；as soon as一……就……；while当……时候；before在……之前。句中 “开始讨论” 是主句，“大家一到” 是从句。根据句意，表示 “一……就……”，需要用连词as soon as引导时间状语从句。 【易错警示】 易错一：主句将来时，从句误用将来时（主将从现规则） 在时间状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时（will do）、祈使句或含有情态动词，从句必须用 一般现在时 表示将来。这是英语语法中“主将从现”的核心规则。 判断技巧 看到主句中有 will / shall / can / may / must 或主句是 祈使句，且从句表示将来的时间，立即锁定从句用一般现在时。 易错二：when 与 while 混用 连接词 动词类型 常用时态 强调 when 短暂或延续 一般过去时/过去进行时 动作可先后或同时 while 只接延续动词 过去进行时（常用） 两个动作同时持续 易错三：until 与 not...until 结构混淆 主句动词类型 结构 含义 例句 延续动词（wait, stay, sleep, work） 肯定 + until 动作一直持续到……为止 I slept until 8 o‘clock. 短暂动词（leave, start, finish, arrive） not...until 直到……才…… He didn’t arrive until 8 o‘clock. 判断技巧 动词能持续做 → 用 until（肯定）。 动词瞬间完成 → 用 not...until（否定）。 易错四：before / after 的时间顺序颠倒 before：主句动作发生在从句动作 之前。 after：主句动作发生在从句动作 之后。 易错五：as soon as 的位置与标点 as soon as 引导的从句同样遵循 主将从现。 从句放在句首时，通常用逗号与主句隔开；从句放在句尾时，通常不用逗号。 【巩固提升1】 1．________ Amy met Peter, she with her mum ________ for the bus at the bus station. A．When; were waiting B．When; was waiting C．While; were waiting D．While; was waiting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当艾米遇到彼得时，她跟妈妈正在车站等公交车。考查连词及主谓一致。非延续性动词与when连用，延续性动词与while连用。met是非延续性动词，用when；后句中句子的主语是she，因此谓语动词用单数was doing。故选B。 2．________ the signal (信号) gets stronger, the multimedia device ________ the Wi-Fi smoothly. A．With; will be connected to B．As; will be connected to C．When; was connected to D．As; is connected to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：随着信号变强，多媒体设备将顺利连接到Wi-Fi。考查连词和时态。With用，介词，后接名词、代词或动名词等，不能接句子；As在（某事发生的）同时，连词，可引导时间状语从句；When当……时候，连词，可引导时间状语从句。第一空后是完整的句子，所以排除A；第二空，设备是“被连接”到Wi-Fi，用被动语态，且根据“信号变强”的逻辑，连接动作是将来的，用一般将来时的被动语态“will be connected to”。故选B。 3．—When can we go back to school?—_________ the virus is controlled. Safety comes first! A．Before B．Until C．Not until D．Since 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我们什么时候能回学校？——直到病毒得到控制。安全第一！ 考查连词辨析。Before在……之前，选项A表示“在病毒得到控制之前回学校”，这种说法错误；Until直到，动词是延续性的，go是短暂性动词，动作不能持续，故B错误；Not until直到……才，是固定搭配，此处表示“直到病毒得到控制才回学校”，故C正确；Since自从，后面接句子常用一般过去时，此处是一般现在时，故D错误。故选C。 【巩固提升2】 单词拼写 1．When the teacher came into the classroom, we ________ (have) a heated discussion about the project. 【答案】were having 【详解】句意：当老师走进教室时，我们正在就这个项目进行激烈的讨论。根据“When the teacher came into the classroom, we...a heated discussion about the project.”可知，句中是when引导的时间状语从句的时态搭配：主句用过去进行时；从句用一般过去时。此处应该用过去进行时were having。故填were having。 2．Don’t worry about me. I ________ (finish) all my work before I ________ (leave). 【答案】 will finish leave 【详解】句意：别担心我。我离开前会完成所有的工作。此处是before引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时来表示将来的动作（称为“主将从现”），所以第一个空应该填will finish，第二个空应该填leave。故填will finish；leave。 3．They ________ (not understand) the problem until the teacher ________ (explain) it. 【答案】 didn’t understand explained 【详解】句意：直到老师解释了这个问题，他们才明白其中的含义。分析句子可知，该句描述的动作发生在过去，为一般过去时，understand“理解”，是实义动词，该句考查“not…until”结构，需借助助动词did not，可以缩写为didn’t，接动词原形understand，第一空填didn’t understand；explain“解释”，使用过去式explained。故填didn’t understand；explained。 4．Alice will come to see you as soon as you ________ (arrive) in Shanghai. 【答案】arrive 【详解】句意：你一到上海，Alice就会来看你。arrive“到达”，动词。根据“Alice will come to see you as soon as you...”可知，本句为as soon as引导的时间状语从句，主句用了一般将来时，从句需用一般现在时表将来，从句主语为you，谓语动词用原形。故填arrive。 5．As one of the primary students ________ (feed) the goldfish, there was a knock at the door. 【答案】was feeding 【详解】句意：当一名小学生正在喂金鱼时，有人敲门。根据主句“there was a knock”为一般过去时，as引导的时间状语从句表示过去正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，结构为“was/were + 现在分词”。主语one of the primary students为第三人称单数，用was，feed的现在分词形式是feeding。 知识点二 条件状语从句 1．if和unless引导的条件状语从句。if表示正面的条件，意为“如果”；unless(＝if ... not)表示反面的条件，意为“除非，如果不”。 If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟就碰到他了。 You'll fail the exam unless you study hard(＝if you don't study hard)． 除非你努力学习，否则你考试会不及格。 2．in case, on condition that等词汇意思相近，意为“万一，假使，假如，在……条件下”。 In case there is a fire, what will we do first? 万一发生火灾，我们首先要做什么？ They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend. 他们同意把车借给我们，条件是我们在周末前归还。 3．as long as(＝so long as)引导语气强烈的条件状语从句，意为“只要”。 As long as you don't lose heart, you will succeed. 你只要不灰心，就会成功。 4．在“祈使句＋and/or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句”句型中，祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句。 Run faster and you'll catch the bus. 跑快点，你就会赶上公共汽车的。 Work hard, otherwise you'll fail. 努力干，要不你就会失败的。 5．if only “如果……就好了”和only if “只有”也可以引导条件状语从句。但是当only if置于句首时，主句部分倒装。 If only I were as clever as you. 我要是像你一样聪明就好了。 Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to leave the classroom. 学生只有得到老师的许可才能离开教室。 【典例破题】 1．We can save much labour ________ smart robots appear in daily life. A．because B．though C．if D．until 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果智能机器人出现在日常生活中，我们可以节省很多劳动力。 because因为，引导原因状语从句；though虽然，尽管，引导让步状语从句；if如果，引导条件状语从句；until直到……为止，引导时间状语从句。分析句子可知，“smart robots appear in daily life（智能机器人出现在日常生活中）”是一种条件，“We can save much labour（我们可以节省很多劳动力）”是在这种条件下产生的结果，即此处需要if引导的条件状语从句，故C项符合语境。 2．We won’t go camping ______ the weather becomes fine tomorrow. A．if B．unless C．when D．though 【答案】B 【详解】句意：除非明天天气变好，否则我们不会去露营。 if如果；unless除非；when当……时；though虽然。根据“We won’t go camping...the weather becomes fine tomorrow.”可知，天气好是露营的前提，用unless引导条件状语从句。 3．—Mum, can I play badminton with Jim now? —________ you finish your homework, you can have fun with him. Study comes first. A．Till B．Before C．Once D．While 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我现在可以和Jim打羽毛球吗？——一旦你完成作业，就可以和他玩。学习是第一位的。考查连词辨析。Till直到；Before在……之前；Once一旦；While当……时候。根据“Study comes first.”强调学习优先可知，必须完成作业后才能玩耍，因此需要一个表示条件满足后发生某事的连词。Once引导条件状语从句，表示作业完成后即可玩耍，符合逻辑。故选C。 4．Life is not always easy, but ________ you keep working hard, you’ll achieve your dream like those astronauts. A．as soon as B．as long as C．ever since D．even though 【答案】B 【详解】句意：生活并不总是一帆风顺，但只要你继续努力，你就会像那些宇航员一样实现梦想。   as soon as一……就……；as long as只要；ever since自从；even though即使。根据“you keep working hard”及“you’ll achieve your dream”可知，努力是实现梦想的条件，需用as long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句。 5．Please take an umbrella with you ________ it rains ________. A．so that; in the way B．even though; in this way C．as soon as; by the way D．in case; on the way 【答案】D 【详解】句意：请随身带把伞，以防在途中下雨。考查连词短语及介词短语辨析。第一空，so that以便；even though尽管；as soon as一……就；in case以防。空格后的从句“it rains”是带伞的原因或可能发生的情况，应用“in case”引导条件状语从句，表示“以防”。第二空，in the way挡路；in this way用这种方法；by the way顺便说；on the way在路上。根据句意，此处指“在途中”下雨，应用“on the way”。故选D。 6．________ it got dark, we stopped our group study. A．While B．When C．Before D．Until 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当天变黑的时候，我们停止了小组学习。  While当……时（侧重时间段，后常接延续性动作）；When当……时（可接时间点或时间段，动作可延续或短暂）；Before在……之前；Until直到（常与not连用）。句中“got dark”为短暂性动作，且表示“当那一刻发生时”，应用when引导时间状语从句。故选用When。 【易错警示】 时间状语从句与条件状语从句混淆 典型错误:When you don’t work hard, you will fail.（此处应该用条件句 if） 正确用法:If you don‘t work hard, you will fail.（条件） When you work hard, you will succeed.（时间，但此处也可用 if，需看语境） 解析 when 表示“当……时”，强调 时间点或时间段。 if 表示“如果”，强调 条件。 当一个句子既可以理解为时间也可以理解为条件时，需根据语境判断。但通常情况下，“如果不……就……”用 if。 判断技巧 能否用 “如果” 替换？能 → 用 if。 能否用 “当……时候” 替换？能 → 用 when。 例句：I will be happy _______ I see you.（两种都说得通，但“当我见到你”更自然，用 when） 【巩固提升1】 一、单项选择 1．—I want to be an astronaut some day. But it seems impossible. —I am sure your dream must come true ________ you work hard. A．as soon as B．as long as C．as much as D．as well as 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我想有一天成为一名宇航员。但这似乎不可能。——我相信只要你努力，你的梦想一定会实现。as soon as一……就……；as long as只要；as much as多达；as well as以及。后半句“你努力”是前半句“梦想实现”的条件，表示“只要”，应该用as long as引导条件状语从句。 2．Dad and I will go to see a movie ________ I can finish my homework before 7:00 p. m. A．if B．and C．but 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果我能在晚上7点前完成作业，我和爸爸就去看电影。if如果；and和；but但是。根据句意可知，“完成作业”是“去看电影”的条件，if引导条件状语从句，表示假设情况。 3．We’ll miss the bus ________ we walk more quickly. A．so B．if C．unless D．because 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们会错过公交车，除非我们走得更快一点。so所以；if如果；unless除非；because因为。空后句“走得更快点”是前句“错过公交车”的否定条件，用unless引导条件状语从句。 4．You should make a resolution ________ you want to make it. A．where B．until C．if D．although 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果你想下决心，你就应该作出决定。 考查连词辨析。where在哪里；until直到；if如果；although尽管。根据句意，后半句“作出决定”是前半句“下决心”的条件，应使用表示条件的连词 if。故选C。 5．—May I go to the cinema with you tonight? —I’m afraid not, ________ you have finished your homework. A．if B．unless C．until D．although 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——今晚我可以和你一起去看电影吗？——恐怕不行，除非你已经完成了作业。 考查连词辨析。if如果；unless除非；until直到；although尽管。根据“I’m afraid not”可知，不能去看电影，除非完成作业，unless表示条件。故选B。 6．You will find the task is not so difficult as it seems to be ________ you try harder. A．after B．as long as C．so that D．before 【答案】B 【详解】句意：只要你更努力地尝试，你就会发现这项任务并不像看起来那么难。 考查连词辨析。after在……之后；as long as只要；so that以便；before在……之前。根据“You will find the task is not so difficult as it seems to be...you try harder.”可知，“更努力尝试”是“发现任务不难”的前提条件，as long as引导条件状语从句，表示条件关系，故选B。 7．I’ll never forget the meaningful lesson ________ I live. A．as long as B．what if C．not until D．no matter who 【答案】A 【详解】句意：只要我活着，我就永远不会忘记这个有意义的教训。 考查条件状语从句。as long as只要；what if如果……会怎样；not until直到……才；no matter who无论谁。根据“I’ll never forget the meaningful lesson…I live.”可知，主句“我将永远不会忘记这个教训”需搭配一个表示条件的连词，引导条件状语从句，强调“在活着期间”，“as long as”符合语境，故选A。 8．—Can you guess if they ________ to my birthday party? —I think they will come if they ________ free. A．will come, will be B．come, will be C．will come, are 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你能猜猜他们会不会来我的生日派对吗？——我觉得如果他们有空的话会来的。 考查时态（宾语从句与条件状语从句）。根据“Can you guess if they…to my birthday party”可知，此处if引导宾语从句，表“是否”，派对还未举办，应用一般将来时“will come”；根据“if they…free”可知，此处if引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”，从句用一般现在时“are”。故选C。 【巩固提升2】 一、单词拼写 1．We will put off the sports meeting if it ________ (rain) tomorrow. 【答案】rains 【详解】句意：如果明天下雨，我们将推迟运动会。分析句子结构可知，句子为含if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句，符合“主将从现”原则，主句时态为一般将来时，则从句时态为一般现在时；从句主语it为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用三单形式rains。故填rains。 2．The teacher ________ (get) angry if I don’t finish my homework. 【答案】will get 【详解】句意：如果我不完成作业，老师会生气的。根据题干可知，本句是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。因此这里应用一般将来时，其结构为will+动词原形。故填will get。 3．We will go on a picnic unless it ________ (be) rainy next Sunday. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：除非下周日下雨，否则我们将去野餐。根据“We will go on a picnic unless it…rainy next Sunday.”可知，此处指的是除非下周日下雨，否则“我们”将去野餐；unless引导的条件状语从句，遵循”主将从现“原则，从句时态为一般现在时，应用be动词的单数is。故填is。 一、单项选择 1．Come on! You will discover a new side of yourself ________ you get through all the difficulties. A．when B．unless C．even though 【答案】A 【详解】句意：加油！当你克服所有困难时，你会发现自己全新的一面。 when当……时；unless除非；even though虽然。根据“You will discover a new side of yourself... you get through all the difficulties.”可知，此处表示时间关系，即当克服困难之时会发现新的一面，when引导时间状语从句符合语境；unless表否定条件，even though表让步，均不符合逻辑。 2．Don’t make any noise ________ your father is sleeping in the next room. A．though B．while C．unless D．after 【答案】B 【详解】句意：不要制造任何噪音，当你父亲正在隔壁房间睡觉的时候。 though虽然；while当……时候；unless除非；after在……之后。根据“your father is sleeping in the next room”可知父亲正在睡觉，此处表示当父亲睡觉期间不要制造噪音，while引导时间状语从句，符合语境。 3．Alice won second prize in the competition. ________ she stood on the stage with flowers in hands, her eyes were filled with tears. A．Until B．After C．While D．As 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Alice在比赛中获得了二等奖。当她手捧鲜花站在舞台上时，她的眼里充满了泪水。考查连词辨析。Until直到；After在……之后；While当……时；As当……时。根据“she stood on the stage with flowers in hands, her eyes were filled with tears.”可知，此处表示当她站在舞台上时，眼里充满了泪水。主从句的两个动作同时发生，且stood是短暂性动词，用as引导时间状语从句。故选D。 4．— We have been good friends since we ________ the same primary school. — That’s true. I’ll never forget those good old days! A．have entered B．entered C．enter 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——自从我们进入同一所小学以来，我们一直是好朋友。——是的，我永远不会忘记那些美好的旧时光！根据“since we... the same primary school”可知，since引导的时间状语从句中，主句常用现在完成时，从句应用一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作“进入小学”。应填entered。 5．—Keep going! We still have some work to finish ________ the break begins. —OK! Let’s hurry up. A．before B．since C．after D．unless 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——继续干！我们还有一些工作要在休息开始前完成。——好的！我们快点。 before在……之前；since自从；after在……之后；unless除非。根据后句“Let’s hurry up”可知，要赶在休息开始“之前”完成工作，应填before。 6．Teenagers should do some housework ________ they finish their homework. A．until B．unless C．after D．because 【答案】C 【详解】句意：青少年应该在完成家庭作业之后做一些家务活。 考查连词辨析。until直到；unless除非；after在……之后；because因为。根据“do some housework”及“they finish their homework”可知，表达做完家庭作业之后做家务活，应用连词after引导时间状语从句。故选C。 7．He didn’t go to bed ________ his father came back home. A．until B．although C．because D．if 【答案】A 【详解】句意：直到他父亲回家，他才上床睡觉。 until直到；although虽然；because因为；if如果。根据“didn’t go to bed”可知是否定句，固定搭配not...until意为“直到……才……”，表示动作直到某一时刻才发生，符合语境。 8．By the time you arrive in London, we ________ in Europe for two weeks. A．will stay B．will have stayed C．have stayed D．have been staying 【答案】B 【详解】句意：等你到伦敦的时候，我们都在欧洲待了两周了。 考查时态。根据“By the time you arrive in London”可知，此处表示将来的时间点，“for two weeks”表示一段时间，强调在将来某个时间点之前已经完成的动作并对将来产生影响，要用将来完成时，结构为“will have + 过去分词”。故选B。 9．The class meeting will begin ________ the head teacher arrives. A．as long as B．as soon as C．so that D．even if 【答案】B 【详解】句意：班主任一到，班会就开始。 as long as只要；as soon as一……就……；so that以便，为了；even if即使。分析句子逻辑，主句“班会开始”与从句“班主任到达”之间存在时间上的紧承关系；根据语境，班主任到达是班会开始的时间触发点，需选用表示时间的连词短语，即as soon as。 10．—Excuse me. What’s your favorite saying? —Nothing is impossible in the world ________ you put your heart into it. A．but B．if C．before D．unless 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——请问。你最喜欢的格言是什么？——只要你用心去做，世上没有不可能的事情。but但是；if如果；before在……之前；unless除非。根据“Nothing is impossible in the world... you put your heart into it.”，后半句是前半句成立的条件，表示“如果”你用心去做，就没有不可能的事，应填if。 11．People can hardly see the stars well ________ we cut down on light pollution in cities. A．after B．since C．as D．unless 【答案】D 【详解】句意：除非我们减少城市光污染，否则人们几乎没法好好看到星星。 after在……之后；since自从/因为；as当……时/由于；unless除非。此句后半句用来限定前半句动作发生的条件，属于条件状语从句，unless可引导否定条件，应填unless。 12．—How was your trip last vacation? —It was wonderful. I went to Mount Huangshan. ________ you climb Mount Huangshan, you needn’t go to see any other mountain. A．Or B．Once C．Although D．Until 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你上个假期的旅行怎么样？——太棒了。我去了黄山。一旦你爬了黄山，就不必去看其他的山了。Or或者；Once一旦；Although尽管；Until直到……为止。根据“...you climb Mount Huangshan, you needn’t go to see any other mountain.”可知，此处表示一种条件，即一旦爬了黄山，就不需要看其他山了，应填Once。 13．You can achieve your dream ________ you keep trying and never give up. A．although B．since C．as long as D．even if 【答案】C 【详解】句意：只要你坚持尝试永不放弃，你就能实现你的梦想。 根据句意可知，后半句“…you keep trying and never give up”(你坚持尝试永不放弃)”是前半句“You can achieve your dream(你能实现你的梦想)”的条件，as long as“只要”引导条件状语从句，符合语境。although虽然；since自从；even if 即使，均不符合句子逻辑。 14．Give me your telephone number ____I need your help. A．whether B．unless C．so that D．in case 【答案】D 【详解】考查连词. Whether是否;unless除非,如果不;so  that 为的是,以便;in  case假使,以防万一.根据题意，给我你的电话号码，以防万一我需要你帮忙。故选D. 15．—Could you tell me whether it ________ tomorrow? —If it ________, we will put off the sports meeting. A．will rain; rains B．rains; will rain C．would rain; rained D．is raining; rain 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我明天是否会下雨吗？——如果下雨，我们将推迟运动会。 whether引导宾语从句，主句中的Could表示委婉语气，不表示过去，根据时间状语“tomorrow”可知，从句应使用一般将来时，填will rain；If引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句“will put off”为一般将来时，从句需用一般现在时表示将来，主语it为第三人称单数，谓语动词需用单三形式，填rains。 二、单词拼写 1．Not until I began to work did I ________ (realize) how much time I had wasted. 【答案】realize 【详解】句意：直到我开始工作我才意识到我已经浪费了多少时间。当“Not until”置于句首时，主句需部分倒装，即助动词提前至主语前。原句中主句的时态为一般过去时，由“did ”体现，因此助动词“did”后的动词需用原形“realize”。故填realize。 2．Mr. Li ________ (teach) his students how to do some writing while his students are listening carefully. 【答案】is teaching 【详解】句意：李老师正在教学生们如何写作，而他的学生们正在认真听讲。分析句子结构可知，此句是while引导的时间状语。从句用现在进行时，主从句动作同时发生，主句也用现在进行时。主语Mr. Li是第三人称单数，be动词用is，teach变现在分词teaching，故填is teaching。 3．We will go on a trip to the Huishan Ancient Town unless it ________ (rain) tomorrow. 【答案】rains 【详解】句意：除非明天下雨，否则我们将去惠山古镇旅行。本句为“unless”引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”的时态规则，主句为一般将来时 (We will go...)，从句要用一般现在时表示将来；从句主语为“it”，谓语动词应用三单形式rains。 4．No matter how long the road is, you _________ (reach) the end as long as you keep going. 【答案】will reach 【详解】句意：无论路有多长，只要你坚持走下去，你就会到达终点。分析句子结构可知，本句包含由as long as引导的条件状语从句。在含有时间或条件状语从句的复合句中，通常遵循“主将从现”原则，即从句使用一般现在时，主句则需使用一般将来时will+动词原形。 5．Unless they do, they ________ (not find) their way out. 【答案】won’t find 【详解】句意：除非他们这样做，否则他们找不到出路。unless引导的条件状语从句，采用“主将从现”原则，故填won’t find。 6．My mother will tell him the truth (真相) as soon as he ________ (come) back home. 【答案】comes 【详解】句意：他一回家，我妈妈就会告诉他真相。come back意为“回来”，动词短语。as soon as “一……就……”引导的时间状语从句，句子时态遵循主将从现，从句时态为一般现在时，主语he为第三人称单数，谓语应用动词三单形式comes。故填comes。 7．Using public chopsticks is necessary when _______ (eat) with others. 【答案】eating 【详解】句意：与他人一起用餐时，使用公筷是必要的。when引导的时间状语从句，主从句主语一致，且从句含有be动词，此处主语和be动词可省略，留下现在分词。故填eating。 8．He has been an English teacher since he ________ (graduate) from the university. 【答案】graduated 【详解】句意：自从他大学毕业以来他一直是一名英语老师。since引导的时间状语从句，主句为现在完成时，从句时态用一般过去时，graduate“毕业”，过去式为graduated。故填graduated。 9．It’s natural that you ________ (feel) nervous when you give a speech in front of so many people. 【答案】will feel 【详解】句意：当你在如此多人前面做演讲时你将会感到紧张是自然的。根据when引导的时间状语从句遵循主将从现，所以主句是将来时，所以将feel变为will feel。故填will feel。 10．—What if I fail the test? —Take it easy. Let’s worry about it when it ________ (happen). 【答案】happens 【详解】句意：——如果我测试失败了怎么办？——放轻松。等它发生的时候再担心吧。根据“Let’s worry about it when it…”可知，此处指等事情发生了再说，when引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般现在时，it作主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式；happen“发生”，动词，其三单形式为happens。故填happens。 三、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Have you ever heard of Wang Zhenyi? Perhaps most of us didn’t know this great name 1 she was introduced in a CCTV programme. She lived in the Qing Dynasty, when educational chances for girls were very 2 . Yet, with 3 family’s strong support, she started a special journey of teaching herself, proving that true learning often begins with personal curiosity. When she was young, she 4 to read widely from the home library, which contained books on many different subjects. This early encouragement helped build 5 strong interest in astronomy. Unlike many people, she refused 6 unscientific ideas about events like lunar eclipses (月食). “I must see the truth 37 my own eyes,” she told herself. She kept this thought in mind 8 while doing her experiments late into the evening. Her way of working was serious and 9 , always step by step. To find out how a lunar eclipse happens, she placed simple objects in her room, creating a small model of the solar system. She moved a round table, a lamp, and a mirror slowly 10 the movements of the Earth, Sun, and Moon, demonstrating the cause of the eclipse. Through this simple but clever model, she explained 11 sunlight is shaded during this event, making a complex idea easy to understand. Her important 12 to science was realized mainly through writing. She 13 many clear and helpful articles. Even ordinary people could understand difficult ideas without needing special training. Her life was short, 14 her brave mind and clear thinking left a lasting mark on Chinese science. Today, her story continues to teach us that we 15 overcome problems and achieve great things through curiosity, hard work, and a belief in ourselves. 1．A．unless B．because C．after D．until 2．A．much B．little C．few D．many 3．A．she B．her C．hers D．herself 4．A．allowed B．was allowed C．have allowed D．will allow 5．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 6．A．believe B．believing C．to believe D．believed 7．A．through B．by C．in D．with 8．A．quiet B．quieten C．quietly D．quietness 9．A．patient B．patiently C．more patient D．more patiently 10．A．copy B．to copy C．copying D．copied 11．A．how B．when C．what D．where 12．A．contribute B．contributes C．contributed D．contribution 13．A．write B．writes C．wrote D．will write 14．A．and B．but C．so D．or 15．A．can B．must C．should D．would 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．B 11．A 12．D 13．C 14．B 15．A 【导语】本文介绍了清代女科学家王贞仪，在古代女子求学机会稀少的环境下，依靠家人支持自学，潜心钻研天文、通过自制模型探究月食原理、撰文科普知识，用一生证明好奇心与坚持能突破困境、成就不凡。 【详解】1．句意：或许在央视节目介绍她之前，我们大多数人都不知道这个伟大的名字。 固定结构not…until…：直到……才……，此处表示知道央视节目介绍，大家才知道这个伟大的名字，用until。unless除非；because因为；after在……之后，均不符合句意逻辑。 2．句意：她生活在清朝，那时女孩子受教育的机会非常少。 chances是可数名词复数，few修饰可数名词表否定“少、几乎没有”；little修饰不可数名词；much/many表大量，和历史背景“古代女子难读书”矛盾。 3．句意：然而，在她家人的大力支持下，她开启了自学的独特历程……。 空后有名词family，需要形容词性物主代词her作定语；she主格、hers名词性物主代词、herself反身代词都不能修饰名词。 4．句意：年少时，她被允许在家中的藏书室广泛阅读……。 主语she和allow是被动关系“被准许”，全文过去时态，一般过去时被动语态was allowed；A主动过去式、C现在完成时主动、D将来时主动，均语态错误。 5．句意：这份早年的熏陶帮她培养出了浓厚的天文学兴趣。固定搭配build an interest“产生兴趣”，strong辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a；an用于元音开头单词，the特指，零冠词不适用。 6．句意：和很多人不同，她拒绝相信月食相关的不科学说法。固定搭配refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事，不定式作宾语，用to believe。 7．句意：我必须亲眼看清真相。固定搭配with one’s own eyes亲眼；through穿过；by凭借；in在里面，无此搭配。 8．句意：她深夜做实验时，一直默默秉持这个想法。空格修饰动词短语“kept this thought in mind”，需副词quietly；quiet形容词、quieten动词、quietness名词词性不符。 9．句意：她治学严谨且有耐心，做事循序渐进。and连接并列形容词，和serious并列用原级形容词patient。 10．句意：她缓慢挪动圆桌、台灯和镜子来模拟日月地的运行。 不定式to copy作目的状语，表挪动物品的目的。 11．句意：借助这个精巧简易的模型，她解释了月食时太阳光如何被遮挡……。此处指解释月食时太阳光如何被遮挡，宾语从句缺方式状语“如何、怎样”用how；when何时、what什么、where何地和“光线被遮挡的方式”语义不符。 12．句意：她对科学的重要贡献主要体现在著作上。空前important形容词修饰名词，contribution名词“贡献”。 13．句意：她撰写了许多清晰有用的文章。全文讲述过去的生平，一般过去时，write过去式wrote。 14．句意：她的一生很短暂，但她果敢的思想与缜密的思考在中国科学史上留下深远影响。 前后分句转折关系：生命短，但成就深远，用but；and并列、so因果、or选择，均逻辑错误。 15．句意：如今她的故事告诉我们：凭借好奇心、实干与自信，我们能够克服困难、创造伟大的成就。此处表示能力，can“能够”符合；must必须；should应该；would将会，不符合语境。 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 On 25 September 2017, the scientific world was shaken by the news that Chinese professor, Zhong Yang, died in a car accident. 1 well-respected biologist spent his whole life researching plants and seeds. Over the years, he collected many important seeds for China’s seed banks. These special banks protect all kinds of plant seeds, including the 2 (one) we need for food, and they make sure that important plants do not disappear from the world forever. Zhong Yang was born in 1964. When he was young, he showed a deep love and curiosity for the things he studied. He was an excellent student, 3 (enter) university at the early age of 15. There, he studied radio engineering and later showed great 4 (interesting) in plants. The research and study of plants, especially the seeds, became the focus of his life after he became a professor at Fudan University. It is important for seed banks to include many different kinds of seeds. When Zhong Yang discovered that there was not enough research of the seeds from Xizang, he went there to collect seeds himself. In 2001, he began his travels across Xizang. It was very difficult for him to deal with the 5 (freeze) weather and great heights. He sometimes fell sick, but he always continued with his work. Zhong Yang knew it was better to include more people 6 doing important work. He began a programme to find and train local students 7 (become) scientists. Together, he and his team collected more than 40 million seeds from around 1,000 plants. Their hard work provided the world 8 lots of new information about the plants in China. Zhong Yang left behind more than just a huge 9 (collect) of seeds. His love for his job and research lives on in his students. He once said, “My students 10 (continue) on the road of scientific exploration and the seeds we have collected may grow hundreds of years from now.” 【答案】 1．The 2．ones 3．entering 4．interest 5．freezing 6．when/while 7．to become 8．with 9．collection 10．will continue 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了钟扬教授一生致力于植物种子研究，多次进藏采集，培养当地学生，留下宝贵种子库与科研精神。 【详解】1．句意：这位备受尊敬的生物学家毕生研究植物和种子。前句提到“Zhong Yang”，此处再次提及并用“well-respected biologist”作同位语，特指钟扬，用定冠词the，位于句首，故填The。 2．句意：这些特殊的银行保护着各种植物种子，包括我们所需的食用的种子，并确保重要植物不会从世界上永远消失。代指前文的seeds，代指复数名词，用复数ones。 3．句意：他是个优秀的学生，15岁就上大学。 主句已有谓语was，此处用现在分词短语作伴随状语，表示“在15岁时上大学”这一伴随状态，enter的逻辑主语是He，主动关系，用现在分词entering。 4．句意：在那里，他学习无线电工程，后来对植物表现出相当强烈的兴趣。show interest in意为“对……表现出兴趣”，故填不可数名词interest。 5．句意：对他而言，应对极冷的天气和高海拔非常困难。修饰名词weather用形容词freezing（极冷的），freezing weather意为“严寒天气”，故填freezing。 6．句意：钟扬明白在做重要工作时最好让更多人参与进来。此处需要时间状语从句引导词，when/while此处表示“在做重要工作的时候”或“当……时”，when或while引导时间状语从句（省略了 they were）符合题意。 7．句意：他启动了一个项目，寻找并培训当地学生成为科学家。 培训学生的目标是让他们“成为科学家”，需要在动词前加动词不定式to作目的状语或宾语补足语，故填to become。 8．句意：他们的辛勤工作为世界提供大量关于中国植物的新信息。provide sb. with sth.意为“为某人提供某物”。此处“the world”为间接宾语，lots of new information为直接宾语，用介词with引出直接宾语。 9．句意：钟扬留下的不仅仅是一个巨大的种子收藏。不定冠词a后接名词，collect的名词形式为collection（收集/收藏品），a huge collection of seeds“一大批种子收藏”，故填collection。 10．句意：我的学生将继续在科学探索的道路上，我们收集的种子可能会在数百年后生长。此处需要谓语动词，钟扬是想表达对未来的信念和展望，用一般将来时will continue。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $