Unit 7 Role models of our time 知识清单-2025-2026学年沪教版英语七年级下册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了沪教版七年级下册Unit 7“Role models of our time”单元内容，涵盖榜样人物描述、社会贡献分析及相关语言知识，构建了从核心词汇（分人物身份、品质、行为动词及词性转换）、重点短语（分品质、努力、成就、经历四类）到功能句型、语法（感叹句与祈使句）及话题写作的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“分类整合+用法详解+情境应用”呈现知识体系，如核心词汇按词性分类并附转换表，培养语言能力；语法部分设“结构对比+错误提醒”，如感叹句What与How转换规则及错误示例表格，提升思维品质。写作指导提供“词汇-句型-范例”工具包，如张桂梅写作范例及“背景-事迹-品质”思路，既方便学生自主学习，也为教师分层教学和写作训练提供实用支持。

沪教版七年级英语下册 Unit 7 Role models of our time 知识清单 一、单元主题与目标 主题范畴：人与社会 —— 榜样人物与社会贡献 核心问题：什么样的人能成为我们这个时代的榜样？ 学习目标：能够描述最敬佩的人，解释敬佩榜样的原因，理解榜样人物的社会贡献与精神品质 二、核心词汇 1. 名词（人物身份与品质） 英文 中文 英文 中文 role model 楷模；行为榜样 hero (pl. heroes) 英雄 pioneer 先锋；先驱 model 模范；榜样 contribution 贡献 achievement 成就 honour 荣誉；荣耀 award 奖；奖品 effort 努力；尽力 dream 梦想 influence 影响 spirit 精神 example 例子；榜样 education 教育 research 研究 engineering 工程 technology 技术 agriculture 农业 2. 形容词（描述人物品质） 英文 中文 英文 中文 brave 勇敢的 hard-working 勤奋的 wise 明智的；智慧的 smart 聪明的 great 伟大的 successful 成功的 famous 著名的 well-respected 备受尊敬的 devoted 奉献的；忠诚的 eager 渴望的 selfless 无私的 groundbreaking 开创性的 3. 动词（行为与态度） 英文 中文 英文 中文 admire 钦佩；羡慕 achieve 实现；取得 devote 奉献；致力于 encourage 鼓励 influence 影响 respect 尊重 award 授予 found (v.) 创建；建立 survive 生存；存活 fight 奋斗；战斗 重要用法： devote oneself to 投身于；致力于（to为介词） achieve one’s dream 实现某人的梦想 be awarded 被授予（奖项） 4. 词性转换 原词 词性 转换形式 contribute 动词 contribution (n. 贡献) educate 动词 education (n. 教育) achieve 动词 achievement (n. 成就) succeed 动词 success (n. 成功) / successful (adj.) admire 动词 admiration (n. 钦佩) devote 动词 devotion (n. 奉献) hero 名词 heroic (adj. 英雄的) pioneer 名词 pioneering (adj. 开创性的) 三、重点短语 1. 描述榜样品质 英文 中文 a role model of our time 我们时代的榜样 set an example for sb. 为某人树立榜样 learn from sb. 向某人学习 look up to sb. 尊敬/仰慕某人 be proud of 为……感到骄傲 2. 描述努力与奉献 英文 中文 try one’s best 尽某人最大努力 make an effort 努力；尽力 work tirelessly 不知疲倦地工作 devote oneself to 投身于；致力于 fight for 为……奋斗 make contributions to 为……做贡献 3. 描述成就与荣誉 英文 中文 achieve success 取得成功 receive/get an award 获得奖项 be awarded sth. 被授予某奖项 win honour for 为……赢得荣誉 play a key role in 在……中起关键作用 thanks to 幸亏；由于 4. 描述人生经历 英文 中文 be born in 出生于 further one’s education 深造 spend time (in) doing sth. 花时间做某事 return to 回到 hear of 听说 be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事 in return 作为回报 pay off 取得成功；奏效 四、重点句型 1. 课文原句（钱学森的故事） Qian Xuesen was a pioneer in the development of China’s aerospace science and technology. 钱学森是中国航空航天科学技术发展的先驱。 He studied engineering at Shanghai Jiao Tong University and then went to further his education in the USA. 他在上海交通大学学习工程学，然后前往美国深造。 In 1939, he was awarded a doctorate in Aerospace Engineering and Mathematics. 1939年，他被授予航空航天工程与数学博士学位。 While in the USA, Qian achieved lots of success and he was a well-respected person in his field. 在美国期间，钱学森取得了许多成功，在他的领域备受尊敬。 He was eager to bring his knowledge and skills to his homeland and began planning his return. 他渴望将自己的知识和技能带回祖国，并开始计划回国。 Once home, he worked tirelessly to raise the level of China’s science and technology. 一回到祖国，他便不知疲倦地工作，努力提高国家的科技水平。 He played a key role in developing China’s first rocket. 他在研制中国首枚火箭的过程中发挥了关键作用。 Thanks to his groundbreaking research, China became one of the few countries in the world to explore space. 多亏了他开创性的研究，中国成为世界上少数几个能够探索太空的国家之一。 Qian devoted himself to his country, and his great work brought honour and success to China. 钱学森献身于祖国，他的伟大工作为中国带来了荣誉和成功。 He said, “If after I die the public feels I have made some contributions during my life, that approval would be the highest praise of all.” 他说：“如果在我死后，公众觉得我一生中做出了一些贡献，那将是最高的赞扬。” 2. 描述榜样品质的句型 What makes a role model of our time？ 是什么造就了我们这个时代的榜样？ I admire him/her because... 我敬佩他/她，因为…… She/He is truly a role model of our time. 他/她确实是我们这个时代的榜样。 Her hard work paid off. 她的努力得到了回报。 3. 张桂梅故事相关句型（听力部分） She was awarded the July 1st Medal in 2021 — an award for outstanding members of the CPC. 她在2021年被授予“七一勋章”——这是授予中国共产党优秀党员的奖项。 She wanted to help girls from poor families get a proper education. 她想帮助贫困家庭的女孩接受适当的教育。 Zhang gave the girls in the mountains the chance to see the world outside. 张老师给了山里女孩们看到外面世界的机会。 五、语法知识 （一）感叹句（Exclamations） 1. 定义 感叹句用来表达强烈的情感（如惊讶、喜悦、赞叹、愤怒等），句末用感叹号“！”。 2. 两种基本结构 （1）What 引导的感叹句 句型结构 用法 例句 What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 (+ 主谓)! 修饰单数名词 What a clever girl (she is)! What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 (+ 主谓)! 修饰复数名词 What beautiful flowers (they are)! What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 (+ 主谓)! 修饰不可数名词 What great news (it is)! （2）How 引导的感叹句 句型结构 用法 例句 How + 形容词/副词 (+ 主谓)! 修饰形容词或副词 How clever (she is)! / How fast (he runs)! How + 主语 + 谓语！ 强调整个句子 How time flies! 3. What与How的转换规则 判断技巧：去掉主语和谓语后，若剩下的是“（a/an+）形容词+名词”，用What；若只剩形容词、副词或完整句子，用How。 What引导 How引导 What a lovely girl she is! → How lovely the girl is! What delicious cakes they are! → How delicious the cakes are! 4. 常见错误提醒 错误用法 正确用法 说明 How a clever girl! What a clever girl! How后不能直接加a/an+名词 What clever the girl is! How clever the girl is! What后不能接形容词+主谓 What a delicious cake is it! What a delicious cake it is! 感叹句主谓语序正常（主在前，谓在后） 5. 单元应用例句 What a great role model he is! 他是多么伟大的榜样啊！ How selfless Zhang Guimei is! 张桂梅是多么无私啊！ What great contributions Qian Xuesen made! 钱学森做出了多么伟大的贡献啊！ （二）祈使句（Imperatives）复习 1. 定义 祈使句用来表达命令、请求、建议、警告、劝告、禁止等，通常省略主语（默认“you”）。 2. 基本结构 类型 结构 例句 肯定祈使句 动词原形 + 其他 Learn from the role models around you. 否定祈使句 Don’t + 动词原形 + 其他 Don’t give up when facing difficulties. Be型祈使句 Be + 形容词/名词 Be brave like the heroes. Let型祈使句 Let’s + 动词原形 Let’s follow their example. 3. 单元应用例句 Never give up, and you will succeed. 永不放弃，你就会成功。 Learn from these role models and try to make your own contributions. 向这些榜样学习，努力做出自己的贡献。 六、重点词汇用法详解 1. spend 的用法 结构 含义 例句 spend + 时间/金钱 + (in) doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事 He spent many years teaching at universities. spend + 时间/金钱 + on sth. 花费时间/金钱在某事上 She spent a lot of time on her research. 例句：He spent many years teaching and doing research at universities in the USA. 【辨析】 spend / cost / take / pay 单词 主语 结构 spend 人 spend... (in) doing / on sth. cost 物 sth. cost sb. + 金钱 take It It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth. pay 人 pay + 金钱 + for sth. 2. devote 的用法 结构 含义 例句 devote oneself to sth. 献身于；致力于（to是介词） Qian devoted himself to his country. be devoted to sth. 献身于；专心致志于 She is devoted to helping those in need. 注意：to是介词，后面跟名词、代词或动名词。 3. be eager to do sth. 结构 含义 同义表达 be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事 be keen to do sth. / be desperate to do sth. 例句：He was eager to bring his knowledge and skills to his homeland. 4. play a role / part in 结构 含义 例句 play a/an + 形容词 + role in 在…中发挥…作用 He played a key role in developing China’s first rocket. play a part in 在…中起作用 Education plays an important part in personal development. 5. thanks to 的用法 结构 含义 注意 thanks to + 名词/代词 幸亏；由于（表示积极原因） 相当于because of，但更强调“因为……的帮助” 例句：Thanks to his groundbreaking research, China became one of the few countries to explore space. 【辨析】 thanks to vs. because of 表达 语气 例句 thanks to 含有“感谢”之意，常表积极原因 Thanks to your help, I succeeded. because of 中性表达，可好可坏 Because of the rain, we stayed at home. 6. pay off 的用法 含义 例句 取得成功；奏效 Finally, her hard work paid off. 还清（债务） It took him ten years to pay off the debt. 7. in return 的用法 结构 含义 例句 in return 作为回报 The local community helped her. Later, she helped them in return. in return for 作为对…的回报 She gave her time and love in return for their kindness. 七、话题写作指导 1. 话题词汇 类别 词汇 榜样描述 role model, hero, pioneer, example, set an example 品质特征 brave, hard-working, selfless, devoted, wise, great 成就贡献 achievement, contribution, success, award, honour 行为动作 admire, respect, devote, achieve, encourage, influence 2. 常用句型 介绍榜样： ... is a role model of our time. I admire ... because ... He/She is known as ... 描述事迹： He/She devoted himself/herself to ... He/She played a key role in ... Thanks to his/her efforts, ... 表达敬佩与呼吁： We should learn from him/her. Let’s follow his/her example. ... is truly a person we should look up to. 3. 写作范例 My Role Model — Zhang Guimei Zhang Guimei is a great teacher and a role model of our time. She was awarded the July 1st Medal in 2021 for her outstanding contributions to education. Zhang was born in Heilongjiang. When she was 17, she moved to Yunnan to become a middle school teacher. She worked tirelessly for many years. She wanted to help girls from poor families get a proper education. So she decided to build a free public high school for girls. After six years of hard work, she opened Huaping Girls High School. Thanks to her, about 2,000 girls have taken the college entrance examination and realized their university dreams. Zhang gave these girls a chance to see the world outside. Zhang Guimei is devoted and selfless. She is truly a role model for all of us. I admire her very much and I want to learn from her spirit of dedication. 4. 写作思路建议 开头：点明要介绍的榜样是谁及身份 主体：分段落描述人物背景、主要事迹、品质特征 结尾：总结敬佩原因，表达向榜样学习的决心 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $