2026年广东省中考前阅读强化7-沪教牛津版（广州深圳沈阳通用）（2012）

该初中英语讲义聚焦中考阅读强化，覆盖记叙文（故事、校园）、事物说明文（科普、环保）、事理说明文（心理、原理）三大核心体裁，梳理阅读题常见考点如开篇方式、段落作用、主旨题等，通过“考点分类-方法指导-真题训练”环节，帮助学生构建知识体系，突破解题难点。 亮点在于将阅读题型选项系统化，如总结10种开篇引入方式和段落作用类型，设计“体裁对比分析”活动，引导学生通过实例推断作者意图，培养思维品质。配套7篇分层阅读真题及答案解析，强化语言能力和学习策略，教师可据此精准把控复习节奏，提升学生应考效率。

个性化辅导教案1 学生 时段 日期 2026.6 课题 2026年中考前阅读强化7 （广州沪教版） 1) 记叙文：故事、人物、动物、校园故事（主流） 2) 事物说明文：科普、文化、生活常识、环保、体育 3) 事理说明文：原理介绍、心理现象、观点阐释 阅读题题目常出现的选项 文章开篇引入方式 1 cite a scientific study 引用科研 2 raise questions 提出问题 3 share a personal experience 分享个人经历 4 give real-life examples 举生活实例 5 describe a common phenomenon 描述普遍现象 6 show some statistics 列出数据 7 quote a proverb 引用谚语 8 make a comparison 作对比 9 state the main opinion directly 直抒观点 10 introduce relevant background 介绍相关背景 开头段作用 1 attract readers’ attention 吸引读者兴趣 2 lead in the topic 引出文章主题 3 introduce the main idea 介绍主旨 4 set the background 交代背景 中间句 / 中间段（过渡句） 1 connect the two parts 衔接上下文 2 make the passage smooth 使行文流畅 3 provide more details 补充更多细节 4 explain the idea further 进一步解释观点 结尾段作用 1 draw a conclusion 得出结论 2 restate the main idea 重申主旨 3 give advice/suggestions 给出建议 4 call on people to do sth 呼吁人们做某事 5 leave readers thinking 引人深思 主旨 / 标题题 1 talk mainly about… 主要讲述…… 2 focus on… 围绕…… 展开 3 the power of … …… 的作用 / 力量 4 ways to … …… 的方法 5 reasons for … …… 的原因 作者态度 / 观点题 1 positive 积极的；negative 消极的 2 supportive 支持的；doubtful 怀疑的 3 neutral 客观中立的；surprised 惊讶的 文章出处题 1 sports magazine 体育杂志 2 science report 科学报道 3 guidebook 旅行指南 4 advertisement 广告 5 school newspaper 校报 6 culture magazine 文化杂志 议论文 / 说明文高频功能短语 1 provide scientific support 提供科学依据 2 give balanced opinions 给出客观全面的观点 3 explain how sth works 解释某物运作原理 4 warn people of the risk 警示风险 5 spread traditional culture 传播传统文化 阅读1 Wyatt and six other people were on a raft (橡皮艇), racing down a rushing river in a boating competition. “Watch out! The rapids can be dangerous. Just follow my orders and we’ll be all right,” their leader shouted. Earlier, they successfully freed another raft stuck on a rock. But their own raft soon entered the rapids too fast. “Back hard, everyone!” the leader cried. But it was too late. The raft hit the rocks. When it bounced back (弹回), Wyatt was thrown into the water. The strong river carried him wildly, pulling him under and lifting him up. Wyatt looked over his shoulder for help, but his raft was already far ahead. He knew he had to stay calm and save himself. He remembered the leader’s safety advice: “If you fall in, don’t stand up. Float on your back, with your feet facing downriver and held high, so your legs can soften the hit from any rocks you might run into.” Wyatt did exactly that. When the water calmed down for a moment, he saw the raft they had helped earlier. Its members saw him and shouted, “Swim to us!” Wyatt swam with all his strength. The water pushed him away, but he kept trying. At last, they pulled him out safely. Soon, his own raft caught up. “You did really well. You stayed calm in danger,” the leader praised him. Wyatt looked at the team that saved him. They were no longer competitors, but teammates facing nature together. With that, the two rafts rowed on toward the finish line together. 1. What were Wyatt and his group doing on the river? A. Competing in a boating race. B. Taking a boating class. C. Testing a new raft for safety. D. Practicing survival skills. 2. Why was Wyatt in the water? A. He tried to look for support. B. He lost his balance after the hit. C. He wanted to help another boat. D. He misunderstood the leader’s order. 3. Why could Wyatt get out of danger? ① He followed safety rules. ② He kept trying to save himself. ③ He stayed calm in danger. ④ He got some help from his raft. A. ①②④ B. ①③④ C. ①②③ D. ②③④ 4. What can we infer from the story? A. It’s never too old to learn. B. No pain, no gain. C. Walk before you run. D. All for one, and one for all. 阅读2 David felt no joy. It was his second week at the new school but he still had no friends. Every time he went up to his classmates, he found a closed circle. The football team had enough players. The art club was full. Everyone had their own groups. During break, he saw some classmates throwing darts and counting the holes on a dartboard. David wondered what they were doing but he couldn’t find the courage to ask. The next day was the Class Fun Day. There were circles all around David. Big, bright hula hoops (呼啦圈). Suddenly someone shouted, “Look at David’s hula hoop.” David had brought an old bicycle tyre (轮胎). He wanted to disappear. Again, he could feel the circle closing, leaving him out. The other children ran out to play. David was left alone. “Why are you in class, David?” Mr Wilson, his maths teacher, asked. “They laughed at my ugly circle,” David replied. “Ah David,” the teacher said. “It’s not what’s on the outside that matters. It’s what’s inside. Just like pi (π).” Mr Wilson picked up David’s tyre and a big, shiny hula hoop. “Divide the length of the circumference (周长) of this hula hoop by its diameter (直径),” Mr Wilson said. David got 3.14768. “Great! Now divide the circumference of your tyre by its diameter.” David got 3.1463. Mr Wilson smiled. “When we divide the circumference of any circle by its diameter, the number we get is always about 3.14. This is called pi. Whether it is a shiny hula hoop or an old tyre, you will find pi.” David understood what Mr Wilson was trying to tell him. When it came to the laws of maths, his tyre was just as good as a shiny hula hoop. He realized that circles may appear to be closed but they had an open mystery (奥秘) inside them. Then he read a book about pi. In the afternoon, he saw a younger group of children playing a game at the dartboard. “I’m David,” he said. “I read about pi. I know what this is.” The children formed a circle around David. He counted the holes and started doing the maths. The answer was 3.14159. There was a loud cheer. David was finally part of a circle. He felt a sense of wonder. 1. Why did David feel unhappy in his new school at first? A. He was bad at all school subjects. B. He had no friends to play with. C. He disliked his new classmates. D. He failed to join the maths club. 2. How did David become part of a circle? A. By asking the teacher for help. B. By bringing an old bicycle tyre. C. By sharing his maths knowledge. D. By showing his dart-throwing skills. 3. Which of the following has the same meaning as the underlined word? A. The children matter more to her than anything else in the world. B. There is something the matter with my eyes. C. What’s the matter with you? D. All matter is made up of tiny things. 4. What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A. Growth takes time. B. Not everything is as it looks. C. Happiness lies in small things. D. Learning is a lifelong journey. 阅读3 (Roz, a robot on the island, caused a terrible accident by mistake, so the gosling (小鹅) was separated from its parents. Roz had to carry the little gosling around.) Usually, the forest animals would have run away from Roz. But they were very curious why she was carrying a gosling on her shoulder. And once Roz explained the situation, the animals actually tried to help. A frog pointed Roz up to the squirrels. A squirrel recommended that she speak with the magpies (喜鹊). And then a magpie sent them over to the pond. And there, they saw an old gray goose floating in the center of the pond. “A very good morning to you!” said the robot in a friendly voice. “I have a lovely little gosling with me!” The goose just stared. “I am in great need of your help!” said Roz. “Actually, the gosling is in need of your help!” The goose didn’t move. “Food!” peeped (叽叽叫) the gosling. “Food! Food!” That tiny voice was more than the old goose could stand, and she began gliding (滑行) across the pond and called out to the robot, “What are you doing with that hungry gosling? Where are his parents?” “There was a terrible accident,” said Roz. “It was my fault. This gosling is the only survivor.” The goose continued, “Do you know who his parents were?” “I do not know.” “Well, they must have belonged to one of the other flocks on the island, because nobody in my flock is missing.” “Will you take the gosling?” “I most certainly will not!” said the goose. “I can’t take in every gosling I see! You say this is your fault? It’s up to you to make things right.” “Mama! Mama!” peeped the gosling. “I have tried to tell him that I am not his mother,” said the robot. “But he does not understand.” “Well, you’ll have to act like his mother if you want him to survive. You do want him to survive, don’t you?” said the goose. “Yes,” said the robot. “But I do not know how to act like a mother.” “Oh, it’s nothing, you just have to provide the gosling with food and water, make him feel loved but don’t pamper (娇惯) him too much, keep him away from danger, and make sure he learns to walk and talk and swim and fly and get along with others and look after himself. And that’s really all there is to motherhood!” 1. The underlined word “flocks” in paragraph 11 probably means ______. A. a kind of bird B. a group of birds C. a bird’s parent D. a bird’s nest 2. Why did the old goose refuse to take the gosling? A. Because she didn’t like the noisy gosling. B. Because she thought the gosling would fly away. C. Because she didn’t know how to care for the gosling. D. Because she thought Roz should care for the gosling. 3. Which of the following is mentioned as part of motherhood? A. Teaching the gosling how to survive. B. Helping the gosling find his own home. C. Pampering the gosling as much as possible. D. Helping the gosling make more robot friends. 4. Which of the following best describes Roz? A. Brave but impatient. B. Caring and kind. C. Curious and smart. D. Helpful but impolite. 阅读4（环保） Have you ever imagined a garbage burning factory does not have enough rubbish to burn? In some cities, this is becoming true. In the past, people made too much rubbish. Cities built waste-to-energy factories to burn rubbish and make electricity. But now, some factories get less daily household waste. They are becoming “hungry”. This is actually good news for us. Why does this happen? Because waste recycling works well today. People sort their rubbish carefully; kitchen waste can be made into fertilizer (肥料), while plastic, paper, glass and metal can be used again. There is less leftover rubbish to burn. Besides, people learn to cut down waste and reuse things in daily life. Even so, waste-to-energy factories are still useful. Here is how they work: * Arriving: Trucks put rubbish into a big storage area. A machine mixes it up. * Reacting: Then the rubbish goes into a hot oven with a temperature over 850°C. ▲ Heat causes a burning reaction here. Natural waste such as food, paper and wood reacts with oxygen (O2), breaking down to give off heat, carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O). The high-pressure vapor makes a machine called a turbine (涡轮) run fast. The fast-moving turbine is connected to another machine to make electricity. * Cleaning the smoke: Before smoke goes into the air, cleaners make it clean. About 90% of the waste at the beginning is gone. The ash (灰) left can be used for building houses, and metal in the ash can be collected and recycled again. Good points: It cuts down waste greatly, saves ground space for rubbish, makes electricity and collects metal for reuse. Bad points: Burning rubbish still makes CO₂ gas. What’s more, people may think burning can solve all problems and forget to reduce and reuse waste first. Right recycling is the most useful way to protect our home. The future will be a greener world where no waste is left useless. 1. What can people do with kitchen waste according to the passage? A. It can be made into fertilizer. B. It can be sold for money. C. It can be kept in storage forever. D. It can be used to clean water. 2. Which sentence can be put into ▲ in Paragraph 6? A. This is where math is recorded! B. This is where chemistry happens! C. This is where physics takes control! D. This is where biology starts working! 3. Why are the good and bad points included in the passage? A. Because they show the writer’s personal feelings. B. Because they tell readers what to do immediately. C. Because they give a balanced and complete opinion. D. Because they make the passage longer and easier to read. 4. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To warn people not to build rubbish-burning factories. B. To teach students how to sort kitchen waste at home. C. To explain how a turbine works to make electricity. D. To introduce garbage factories and ways to deal with waste. 阅读5（环保） If you’ve ever picked up plastic while cleaning a beach, you may have held more than waste in your hands. A new study shows microplastics — small plastic pieces under 5 mm — are quickly covered by harmful bacteria (细菌). This turns small plastic pieces, wrappers and bottles on the beach into vehicles (载体) for carrying diseases. Microplastics now cover every part of the earth. They are in plastic products and in the air we breathe. More than 125 trillion pieces float in the ocean, and more are found in rivers, soils, animals, and even the human body. But scientists say that the danger is not just the plastic itself: it’s the Plastisphere (塑料表层菌群) — the thin layer of bacteria that grow on each small piece. ▲ A team led by Dr. Emily Stevenson from Plymouth Marine Laboratory & University of Exeter published a new study. They found microplastics in real natural environments — from hospital wastewater to coastal waters — carry bacteria during their whole journey. To prove their idea, they carried out an experiment and tested five materials: bio-beads, nurdles, polystyrene, wood, and glass. They put them along a river running from highly polluted areas to the sea. After two months, tests showed: All plastics, in all places, had pathogens (病原体) and drug-resistant (耐药的) bacteria. Each microplastic can work as a small, moving dish for growing germs (细菌). It carried super-bacteria from hospital wastewater to beaches, swimming areas and shellfish-growing sites. “This study shows the risk of disease and drug-resistant germs from microplastics in our oceans and coasts,” said Dr. Stevenson. “We strongly advise volunteers to wear gloves during beach cleanups and wash hands later.” As microplastics continue to increase around the world, researchers warn that the Plastisphere could make the spread of super-bacteria worse. The study calls for better waste management, less plastic waste and unified plans across wastewater, healthcare, and ocean protection. 1. How does the writer start the passage? A. By offering advice. B. By citing a scientific finding. C. By expressing opinions. D. By giving background information. 2. Which sentence can be put in the blank ▲ in Paragraph 3? A. How can we deal with plastic waste? B. Why are bacteria difficult to study? C. What makes microplastics more dangerous? D. When do we do beach cleanups? 3. What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A. Plastics easily carry harmful and drug-resistant bacteria. B. Wood and glass are safer than other materials in water. C. Hospitals are the main cause of plastic pollution in rivers. D. More experiments should be done in natural environments. 4. What is the best title for the passage? A. Sea pollution: Serious problem B. New Study: Stop Wastewater Pollution C. Beach cleanup: Safe and helpful work D. Microplastics: Hidden disease carriers 阅读6（心理学） Have you ever looked up at a beautiful rainbow when noticing your friend looking at it? At that moment, both of you were focusing on the same object and aware of each other’s attention. This shared focus is called joint(共同的)attention. It depends on social cues(提示)such as actions or words that help two people to focus on the same thing. When completing tasks or solving problems, it is often said that two heads are better than one. But what does “better” mean? In one study, researchers asked pairs of participants(参与者)to complete a search task alone and then together. They found that when the participants worked together, they were faster at finding the goal, which researchers suggest is“better” performance. You might be wondering why two heads are better. Is it simply because you have another pair of eyes or because you divide the task? Well, the answer is both! Just having another pair of eyes can make a task easier and faster, so a group benefit can be found even if two people do not talk about the division of work. By dividing the work, you are more likely to finish the task faster, though one may work a little faster than the other. Researchers have also been interested in whether joint attention improves memory. They asked participants to remember pictures and found that when people believed another person was looking at the same picture and doing the same task, they remembered the picture better. So, this suggests that even when people imagine social cues, like just thinking someone else is focusing on the same task, joint attention can help people better remember things. Today, however, many interactions(互动)take place online. It is important to understand whether online interactions with others influence people’s attention. Researchers asked participants to complete a search task on their home computers, with an imaginary partner. The results showed that people were more accurate(准确的)when they thought they were working together with a partner, but faster when they thought they were competing with that partner. Interestingly, it did not matter how realistic the imaginary partner’s image(形象)was. All in all, joint attention is an important part of human interaction that shapes how people work together and how they remember. By understanding this, we can better recognize the value of our interactions. 1. Which of the following best shows the results of the study in Paragraphs 2 and 3? A. B. C. D. 2. Which of the following opinions does the writer support? A. Working alone makes people finish tasks faster. B. Competing with a partner improves accuracy. C. The partner’s image realism has little influence. D. Online interactions are worse than offline ones. 3. What can we learn from the passage? A. Joint attention works better online than in the real world. B. Joint attention depends on how well people remember things. C. Imagining working with others brings about better performance. D. Cooperation is more important than competition in online settings. 4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. From Attention to Performance B. The Power of Shared Focus C. From Social Cues to Connection D. The Key to Effective Interactions 阅读7 JUST ASK How many movies have you seen about space? It looks fun, right? But is it? A lot of readers ask questions about the International Space Station (ISS 国际空间站). Today, we’ve answered four of the best ones. Editor: Lily Bailey Q1: What do astronauts do on the International Space Station every day? Answer: They do a lot! They go on space walks, repair things, do experiments and communicate with Earth. But too much work isn’t good for anyone and we all need a little fun! Astronauts play games, watch movies and listen to music on it. If they get stressed, they relax by enjoying the views of our beautiful planet from space. Q2: How much exercise do astronauts do? Answer: Well, quite a lot. Take the astronaut Koichi Wakata for example. He lived on the ISS for188 days and worked out for at least two hours every day. Some astronauts go jogging! Alan Shepard played moon golf in space. British astronaut Tim Peake even ran a marathon in space in2016 and set a Guinness World Record. Q3: Does the body change in space? Answer: Yes, it does. Everything in space floats. Imagine sneezing (打喷嚏) in space! This means it’s easy to lift things. Astronauts train a lot on Earth, but their bodies get weak if they don’t do enough exercise. And this can happen in just a few weeks! These are only a few examples of the problems astronauts can have. Their muscles and hearts lose strength and their bones get weaker. Sometimes, when they get back to Earth, they’re not strong enough to walk! The answer is exercise and not just a little exercise but a lot! Q4: When and how do astronauts sleep? Answer: Good question. We all need to get enough sleep, but in space, with 16 sunrises and 16 sunsets every 24 hours, that’s not easy. Too many changes from day to night make it difficult to know when to sleep. So astronauts have very strict routines and wear special blindfolds to keep from light. 1．Astronauts do a lot of work on the ISS except ________. A．going on space walks B．repairing equipment C．playing games outside D．conducting experiments 2．The underlined word “this” in the third answer refers to ________. A．doing enough exercise B．sneezing in space C．making the body weak D．training on Earth 3．Lily Bailey answered the four questions to ________. A．explain how the ISS was built B．introduce the life on the ISS C．describe the history of space exploration D．list the countries that built the ISS 参考答案： 阅读 1（水上冒险・记叙文） 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 阅读 2（校园成长・记叙文） 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 阅读 3（机器人与小鹅・动物记叙文） 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. B 阅读 4（垃圾焚烧・事理说明文） 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 阅读 5（微塑料污染・事理说明文） 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 阅读 6（共同注意力・心理事理说明文） 1. D 2. C 3. C 4. B 阅读 7（太空站科普・事物说明文） 1. C 2. C 3. B 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $