衔接点17 定语从句（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义，通用版）英语初升高衔接

衔接点17 定语从句 初中视角 高中展望 初中阶段主要理解定语从句中概念；简单掌握关系代词和关系副词的作用。 高中学习包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种。定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的作用，及由as引导的定语从句等。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中考点聚焦】 考点1.关系代词用法辨析 1．Guan’egou National Forest Park is the place ________ I like to visit most. A．that B．when C．what D．who 2．I really love the after-school activities _________ make our school life more colorful. A．who B．whose C．whom D．which 3．Most students like the teachers ________ can make classes lively and interesting. A．which B．who C．what D．whom 4．He is the boy ________ we played basketball with last weekend. A．what B．which C．whom D．whose 5．The book, ________ cover is blue, is about the history of China. A．whose B．which C．who D．where 考点2.关系副词用法辨析 6．I felt very happy to get a one-month break from work last year ________ I could travel with my family to Paris. A．where B．that C．which D．when 7．Life is a long race ________ we fight against all the difficulties to realize our dreams. A．when B．which C．how D．where 8．This is the school ________ I studied two years ago. I have many happy memories here. A．which B．where C．that D．when 9．I wonder the reason ________ you were late for school yesterday. A．why B．where C．when D．who 10．We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better. A．that B．where C．which D．when 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 ▇ 定义及相关术语 1． 什么叫定语从句？先行词、关系词？ 1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子。 2.特点：定语从句相当于形容词的作用，对前面的名词或代词进行修饰和限定。 3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，称为先行词。可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 4.关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为两类，即关系代词和关系副词。 5.关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等； 6.关系副词有：when, where, why等 例1：This is the present which/that he gave me for my birthday. 例2：Do you know the man at the corner that/who came to the party last night? 例3：I still remember the night when I first came to the village? 例4：This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived. ▇ 提示： 关系词在定语从句中有三大作用 1.连接作用---连接先行词和定语从句。 2.替代作用---在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 3.成分作用---在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 指人 指物 that which whose who whom 二. 关系代词的功用？ ▇ 关系代词做主语，宾语，定语；关系副词作状语。 1. 作主语： The person who/that broke the window must pay for it. The cars which/that are produced in Hubei Province sell very well. 2. 作宾语： She is the person whom/that I met at the school gate yesterday. The book which/that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”. 3. 作定语 关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如： The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard. The house whose windows are broken is empty. 4. 作状语 I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing. He wanted to know the reason why I was late .　　 This is the house where I was born. He’s got himself into a dangerous where he is likely to lose control over the plane. 考点清单 考点一、关系代词的用法 在定语从句中，关系代词起着连接主句与从句、指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。关系代词的选用取决于主句中的先行词以及关系代词在从句中作何种成分。 先行词 在从句中作主语 在从句中作宾语 在从句中作定语 指代人 who/that whom/who/that whose 指代物 which/that which/that whose/of which 1.关系代词who和whom的用法 who代替人（即它的先行词必须是人），在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾格的 whom。但它的前面不能有介词，如果带介词则必须用宾格whom，即“介词+whom”。例如： The girl who won the first prize is from Zhejiang.获得一等奖的女孩来自浙江。 The person who/whom you just talked to is Mr.Depp.刚刚和你谈话的人是德普先生。 2.关系代词whose的用法 关系代词whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物。当whose指代物时，相当于of which。 Do you know Peter whose father happens to be working in your company? =Do you know Peter?His father happens to be working in your company. 你认识彼得吗？他的父亲恰巧正在你们公司工作。 The tourist wanted to book a room whose window faces south. =The tourist wanted to book a room.The room’s window faces south.这位游客想要预订一间窗户朝南的房间。 3.关系代词that和which的用法 两者都可用于指代物，但使用场合存在差别。在限定性定语从句中指代物时，which和that一般可以通用。 The new house that/which I have just bought is about six miles away.我新买的房子在大约6英里以外。 They planted some trees that/which didn’t need much water.他们种了一些不需要太多水的树。 ▲小试牛刀1．我必须做的第一件事是完成作业。 The first _____________ _____________ I must do is finish my homework. 2．The forest fire ________________ Liangshan, Sichuan Province has been put out. 发生在四川凉山的森林大火被扑灭了。 3．好朋友是在你对自己丧失信心时鼓励你的那些人。（定语从句） Good friends are those ________________. 4．老师表扬了作业优秀的学生。 The teacher praised the students ______ homework was excellent. 5．Mrs. Smith ________ we met in France has sent us a card. 我们在法国结识的Smith夫人给我们寄来了一张贺卡。(作宾语) 考点二、关系副词词的用法 关系副词和关系代词一样，具有各种作用：在定语从句中代替先行词、在从句中作状语、把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句等。由于关系副词在从句中均作状语，所以具体选用什么关系副词，主要取决于关系副词在从句中充当什么类型的状语。 先行词 关系副词 关系副词在从句中充当的句子成分 指地点 where 地点状语 指时间 when 时间状语 指原因 why 原因状语 1.关系副词where的用法 由where引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示地点的名词，如building，city，room等，where在从句中作地点状语。 The hotel where we stayed was very clean.我们呆过的那家旅馆很干净。 This is the house where I was born.这就是我出生的那所房子。 补充：可以用关系代词表述 The hotel (that/which) we stayed at was very clean. =The hotel at which we stayed was very clean. 2.关系副词when的用法 由when引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示时间的名词，如time，day，date等，when在从句中作时间状语。 I’ll never forget the time when we first met.我永远不会忘记我们第一次相遇时的情景。 补充：可以用关系代词表述：I’ll never forget the time during which we first met. 3.关系副词why的用法 由why引导的定语从句，经常会用在先行词reason的后面，why在从句中作原因状语。 The reason why I got a job was that I worked hard.我获得一份工作的原因是我工作努力。 补充：可以用关系代词表述： The reason (that/for) which I got a job was that I worked hard. 点睛：.关系代词和关系副词的选用 对于同一个先行词，要想确定是用关系代词还是用关系副词，关键是要弄清楚关系词在定语从句中担任什么成分。如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，就是关系代词；如果关系词作状语，就是关系副词。 ①This is the college (that/whic) I visited.这就是我参观过的学院。 ②This is the college where I studied three years ago.这就是我3年前在那儿学习过的学院。 说明：两句中的先行词都是the college，但关系词不一样。①用关系代词that/which，因为它在从句中作及物动词visited的宾语。②用关系副词where，因为它在从句中作状语，相当于there或in the college。 ①I’ll never forget the day (that/which) we spent together.我永远忘不了我们一起度过的那一天。 ②I’ll never forget the day when I got married.我永远忘不了我结婚的那一天。 说明：两句中的先行词都是the day，但是它们的关系词不一样。①用关系代词that/which，因为它在从句中作及物动词spent的宾语。②用关系副词when，因为它在从句中作状语，相当于介词短语on the way。 ▲小试牛刀6．我期待着有一天，我的女儿能读这本书并了解我对她的感情。 I am looking forward to the day __________________________ and know my feelings for her. 7．Many English learners here are at ________________ they can read some words but can’t write or speak them. 这里的很多英语学习者正处于能读懂一些单词但不能写或者说出来的阶段。(stage) 8．许多国家正在建立国家公园，保护动植物。 Many countries are now setting up national parks ______. 9．他考试不及格的原因是他这些天没有努力学习。 (The reason why...) _______________ he didn’t work hard these days. 10．今天早晨我上课迟到的原因是我起床晚了。 ____________________ (……的原因) I was late for class was that I got up late this morning. 考点三、介词+关系代词的用法 1.先行词指人关系代词用whom，指物关系代词用which； 2.介词选择的原则：一看先行词特殊搭配，如to a degree；二看从句谓语动词搭配，如learn from；三看整个语境逻辑。特殊结构如in which case, with whose help等。 This is the pilot by whom my son was saved. 这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。（介词+关系代词中，先行词指人用whom） This is the camera with which he often takes photos. 这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。（介词+关系代词中，先行词指物用which） I don’t know the reason for which he was late for school. 我不知道他为何上学迟到。（定语从句先行词reason多与介词for连用） Is this the car for which you paid a high price? 这是你花大价钱买的车吗？（定语从句谓语动词pay for是固定搭配） ▲小试牛刀完成句子翻译。 1．她所热衷的话题是音乐。 The topic ________ ________ she is enthusiastic is music. 2．在漆黑的街道上没有一个她可以求助的人。 (介词+关系代词) In the dark street there was not a single person ____________________. 3．她在大厅里做了一场讲座，上周我们就是在这个大厅里采访了一位著名京剧演员。 She gave a lecture in the hall ________ ________ we interviewed a famous Beijing opera actor last week. 4．苏就是我昨天给她发信息的那个人。 Sue is the person ________ ________ I sent the text message yesterday. 5．The reason _________ _________ we like the Sports Club is that it enriches our campus life. 我们喜欢体育俱乐部的原因是它丰富了我们的校园生活。 6．在哪再买一套公寓是这家人很长时间以来一直在争论的话题。 Where to buy another apartment is a subject ________ ________ the family have argued for a long time. 7．There’s no reason ________ ________ we shouldn’t be friends. 我们没有理由不做朋友。 8．I know a place ________ ________ the food is first-class. 我知道有一个品尝一流美食的地方。 9．I still remember the day ________ ________ I went to college. 我仍然记得我上大学的那一天。 10．毕业以后，他回到那个他长大的小镇上。 After graduation he returned to the small town ____________________________. 考点四、非限制性定语从句的用法 非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，去掉后也不会影响对全句的理解，它与先行词之间往往用逗号隔开。 1. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句区别 ▲形式不同 限制性定语从句与其先行词之间不用逗号隔开，非限制性定语从句与其先行词之间一般用逗号隔开。 例：Many schools provide courses which assist new students to develop their study skills． 许多学校提供帮助新生培养学习技能的课程。(限制性定语从句) She heard a lovely song，which reminded her of her hometown． 她听到一首动听的歌曲，让她想起了家乡。(非限制性定语从句) ▲功能不同 限制性定语从句与其先行词关系十分密切，它限制了先行词的意义。如果去掉该从句，剩余部分的意思往往不完整，甚至失去意义；而非限制性定语从句只是其先行词的附加说明，如果去掉，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整。 例：I was the only person in our office that was invited． 我是办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。(去掉从句后，句子剩余部分意思就不完整) Tom’s father，who is over seventy，is still energetic． 汤姆的父亲已年逾七旬，却仍然精神矍铄。(去掉从句后，句子剩余部分意思仍然完整) ▲关系词不同 that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。请比较： 例：He failed to attend the meeting，that made us very disappointed．(×) He failed to attend the meeting，which made us very disappointed．(√) 他没有出席这次会议，这让我们很失望。 He failed to attend the meeting that／which was held last Sunday． 他没有出席上周日举行的会议。 我们用表格可以更加直观地进行比较： 类别 对先行词的作用 位置 翻译方法 引导词 限制性定语从句 对先行词进行修饰限定 紧跟在先行词后，无逗号 翻译在先行词前 作宾语时可以省略，可用who代替whom 非限制性定语从句 对先行词或主句进行补充说明 和主句之间用逗号隔开 翻译成主句的并列句 不能省略，不可以用that，不可以用who代替whom 2.as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别 非限制性定语从句不仅可以修饰名词或代词，也可以修饰整个句子，这时关系代词用 which。 例：The result of the experiment was very good，which we hadn’t expected． 实验的结果非常好，这一点出乎我们的意料。 Tom was elected Chairman of the Students’ Union．which made his family very proud． 汤姆被选为学生会主席，这件事让全家都感到骄傲。 如果非限制性定语从句放在主句之前，关系代词只能用as，不能用which。 例：As we all know，Taiwan has been part of China since ancient times． 众所周知，台湾自古以来就是中国的一部分。 As had been expected，he put forward his idea at the meeting．  as有“正如”之意，而which则意为“这（件事，一点）”，可用and this/that/it来代替。 She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.她听到可怕地声音，这让她把心都提到嗓子眼了。 As is planned, we got there before eight. 正如计划，我们八点前到达了那儿。  as多用于固定搭配中：as is often the case(这是常有的事)，as was expected(不出所料)，as often happens(正如经常发生的那样)，as is known to all(众所周知)，as has been said before(如上所述)，as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)等。 Li Ming is late, as is often the case. 李明迟到了，这事是经常发生的。(不可用which) 3．用“介词+关系代词” 或“one of whom、some of which”等引导的非限制性定语从句 可以用数词或不定代词(如all／both／each／some／most／none等)+of whom或of which来修饰或限定先行词。 例：We interviewed 1 5 applicants for the post，none of whom we thought qualified． 我们面试了15名求职者，但没有一人合格。 Seven passengers were injured in the car accident，two of whom were foreigners． 在车祸中有七人受伤，其中两名是外国人。 The engine consists of hundreds of parts，each of which has its importance． 这个引擎由数百个零件组成，每个零件都有其重要的作用。 ▲小试牛刀1．I had my car parked in a car park, I could get my car battery charged. (用适当的词填空) 2．I won the first prize in the English speaking contest, surprised my classmates. (用适当的词填空) 3．I’ll be talking to Dr Richard, new book The New Age of Invention has just been published. (用适当的词填空) 4．Children, is always the case, love their mother. (用适当的词填空) 5． is reported, Apple company will be launching a new tablet this time next month. (用适当的词填空) 6．The old man has two daughters, both of work as doctors. （用适当的词填空） 7．My best friend Julia will come to see me next July, she won’t be so busy. (用适当的词填空) 8．She decided not to take a picnic with me, made me really disappointed. (用适当的词填空) 9．The old man has two daughters, both of work as doctors. （用适当的词填空） 10．Opposite the post office is a video shop, you can buy any kind of music CD you like. (用适当的词填空) 一、单句语法填空 1．It is widely accepted that the age children can go to school is seven. (用适当的词填空) 2．Don’t get too close to the house roof is under repair. (用适当的词填空) 3．There are only so many people with you can be continuously texting. (用适当的词填空) 4．We climbed up to the ancient tower overlooking the Gan River, from we can admire the breathtaking view in the setting sun. (用适当的词填空) 5．Some experts think reading is the basic skill on school education depends. （用适当的词填空） 6．We are in the era there are great opportunities for those who are competent. (用适当的词填空) 7．Many families are not trapped in poverty, but in a subtle situation emotional communication gradually fades amid busy daily routines. (用适当的词填空) 8．This is the place I lost my English notebook. (用适当的词填空) 9．I’ll never forget the days I first met my best friend Amy. (用适当的词填空) 10． is generally accepted, a balanced diet is important for maintaining good health. (用适当的词填空) 11．He failed the exam again, made his parents very disappointed. (用适当的词填空) 12．Plates moving underground can cause an earthquake, is a sudden shaking of the earth’s surface. (用适当的词填空) 13．Wu Yize, won the World Snooker Championship final, has set a new benchmark for young Chinese players. (用适当的词填空) 14．The Forbidden City, ancient Chinese emperors once lived and worked, is now open to the public. (用适当的词填空) 15．The man, from we learned a lot about environmental protection, is a renowned environmentalist. (用适当的词填空) 16．All kinds of traditional Chinese herbal medicine can be found, too, and there are Chinese tea stores, visitors can taste and buy varieties of Chinese tea. (用适当的词填空) 17．Their primary school teachers and their lessons they were fond of influenced their lives. (用适当的词填空) 18．This is the digital library every registered user has access to thousands of e-books and academic journals. (用适当的词填空) 19．The young doctor faced a situation he had to make a quick decision without enough information.（定语从句关系词） (用适当的词填空) 20．Tony showed me his new cell phone, screen was small but it could change colors in different weather. (用适当的词填空) 二、完成句子 1．我绝不会忘记与她第一次相见的那一天。 I’ll never forget the day I first met her. 2． (正如你想的那样), there will be a variety of challenges in the future life. 3．我站在塔顶，从那儿我看到了这个城市的全景。 I stood at the top of the tower, . 4．更糟糕的是，他的父亲在这段时间失去了工作并深陷悲痛之中。 Worse still, his father, , lost his job at the same time. 5．在我们学校，大约有200名教师，其中30%是男性。 In our school, there are about 200 teachers, 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A few months ago, I left my hometown for Canada to study. I felt nervous because I was going to 1 new place with new people. What worried me at first was that I couldn’t speak English 2 (fluent), and I also couldn’t understand 3 (they) customs. Everything was different 4 that in my own country. I had to deal with everything alone. It was a sad moment 5 I had to say goodbye to my family and friends at the airport. I felt sad 6 (leave) my hometown because I grew up there and had many wonderful 7 (memory) of the familiar (熟悉的) place. However, I knew 8 (study) abroad was a decision that I made myself. I had to 9 (accept) the challenge. By now I have gotten used to the new life here already, though I’m looking forward to 10 (spend) the coming vacation with my old friends back home. 二、阅读理解 Music with a View Summer may well be the favourite season of classical music lovers, with many festivals taking place worldwide. And what’s better than enjoying a live performance of your favourite piece? Enjoying it in the great outdoors, of course! Edinburgh International Festival, Scotland It’s Edinburgh’s arts offering, and in 2023 welcomes violinist Nicola Benedetti in her first year as festival director. Picking up the baton (接力棒) from previous director Fergus Linehan, she is the first female festival director since the Festival began in 1947. Benedetti will invite some popular symphony orchestras. August 4 — August 27, eif.co.uk Puccini Festival, Italy Since 1930, it has been presenting Puccini’s masterpieces to crowds of thousands in beautiful Torre del Lago every summer. We’re picturing hot Italian summer days closing with a gentle warmth, together with fine opera and a cool glass of wine in hand and the waters of Lake Massaciuccoli. July 14 — August 26, puccinifestival.it Verbier Festival, Switzerland One of the main reasons to visit it is that it’s a magical two-week celebration of classical music at the top of the world. The festival has become known for attracting the biggest soloists (独唱者) in the world. The real magic of Verbier is its ideas of connecting great musicians at the height of their careers with ambitious young artists. July 14 — July 30, verbierfestival.com Granada International Festival, Spain Since 1952, it has been held in the palace to show opera, ballet, Spanish dance and more. In 2023, the festival will team up with University of Granada to invite talented students to take part in the Manuel de Falla Courses, which offer masterclasses in composition, musical analysis, performance and face-to-face talk with great musicians including Víkingur Ólafsson and Daniil Trifonov. June 21 — July 19, granadafestival.org 11．Who is the first female festival director of Edinburgh International Festival? A．Fergus Linehan. B．Nicola Benedetti. C．Víkingur Ólafsson. D．Daniil Trifonov. 12．What do Verbier Festival and Granada International Festival have in common? A．They attract the biggest soloists. B．They are themed on classical music. C．They present Puccini’s masterpieces to the public. D．They give the youth a chance to contact with musicians. 13．Which festival lasts the longest? A．Puccini Festival, Italy. B．Verbier Festival, Switzerland. C．Granada International Festival, Spain. D．Edinburgh International Festival, Scotland. 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衔接点17 定语从句 初中视角 高中展望 初中阶段主要理解定语从句中概念；简单掌握关系代词和关系副词的作用。 高中学习包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种。定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的作用，及由as引导的定语从句等。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中考点聚焦】 考点1.关系代词用法辨析 1．Guan’egou National Forest Park is the place ________ I like to visit most. A．that B．when C．what D．who 【答案】A 【详解】句意：官鹅沟国家森林公园是我最喜欢去参观的地方。 that引导定语从句，指代人或物；when引导定语从句，指代时间；what什么，不能引导定语从句；who引导定语从句，指代人。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为“the place”，指物，关系词在从句中作“visit”的宾语，应用关系代词that引导。 2．I really love the after-school activities _________ make our school life more colorful. A．who B．whose C．whom D．which 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我真的很喜欢那些让我们的学校生活更加丰富多彩的课外活动。 who谁；whose谁的；whom谁，在从句中作宾语；which哪一个。先行词“the after-school activities”指物，且在从句中作主语，应用which引导。 3．Most students like the teachers ________ can make classes lively and interesting. A．which B．who C．what D．whom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：大多数学生喜欢能让课堂变得生动有趣的老师。 which哪一个（指物）；who谁（指人）；what什么(不能引导定语从句)；whom谁（宾格）。分析句子可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为“the teachers”，指人，在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词who。 4．He is the boy ________ we played basketball with last weekend. A．what B．which C．whom D．whose 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他就是那个我们上周末一起打篮球的男孩。 考查定语从句关系词辨析。what什么；which哪个；whom谁；whose谁的。根据“the boy”可知，先行词指人，从句中“with”后缺少宾语，应使用指人的宾格关系代词whom。故选C。 5．The book, ________ cover is blue, is about the history of China. A．whose B．which C．who D．where 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这本封面是蓝色的书是关于中国历史的。 考查定语从句关系词辨析。whose谁的，在定语从句中作定语；which哪一个，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；who谁，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；where在哪里，在定语从句中作地点状语。分析句子结构可知，本句是定语从句，先行词是“The book”，指物，且从句中“cover”与先行词“The book”是所属关系，即“书的封面”，所以此处应该用whose来引导定语从句，并在从句中作定语修饰cover。故选A。 考点2.关系副词用法辨析 6．I felt very happy to get a one-month break from work last year ________ I could travel with my family to Paris. A．where B．that C．which D．when 【答案】D 【详解】句意：去年我很高兴能有一个月的休假，那时我可以和家人去巴黎旅行。 考查定语从句的关系词辨析。where哪里；that那个；which哪个；when当……时。先行词“a one-month break”表示一段时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故选D。 7．Life is a long race ________ we fight against all the difficulties to realize our dreams. A．when B．which C．how D．where 【答案】D 【详解】句意：生活是一场漫长的赛跑，在这场赛跑中我们与所有困难斗争以实现梦想。   考查定语从句关系词。when先行词表时间；which先行词表事物；how不引导定语从句；where先行词表地点。先行词“race”为抽象地点（赛跑/过程），且从句“we fight against...”不缺主干成分，需用关系副词where引导定语从句，相当于in which。故选D。 8．This is the school ________ I studied two years ago. I have many happy memories here. A．which B．where C．that D．when 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这是我两年前就读的学校。我在这里有许多美好的回忆。 考查定语从句引导词辨析。which关系代词，先行词指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；where关系副词，先行词指地点，在从句中作状语；that关系代词，先行词指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语；when关系副词，先行词指时间，在从句中作状语。根据句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词“the school”指地点，且在从句中作地点状语，所以应该用关系副词where。故选B。 9．I wonder the reason ________ you were late for school yesterday. A．why B．where C．when D．who 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我想知道你昨天上学迟到的原因。 考查定语从句的关系词。why为什么；where在哪里；when当…时；who谁。根据句意和句子结构可知，此空应填关系副词why，引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词reason，并在从句中作状语，表示原因。故选A。 10．We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better. A．that B．where C．which D．when 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下周，那时候天气可能会好点儿。考查定语从句的关系副词。A. that关系代词，先行词为人或物；B. where关系副词，先行词为地点；C. which关系代词，先行词为物；D. when关系副词，先行词是时间。根据题干可知本句的先行词是next week，定语从句中不缺少主、宾、表，缺少时间状语，所以应用关系副词when；故答案选D。 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 ▇ 定义及相关术语 1． 什么叫定语从句？先行词、关系词？ 1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子。 2.特点：定语从句相当于形容词的作用，对前面的名词或代词进行修饰和限定。 3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，称为先行词。可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 4.关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为两类，即关系代词和关系副词。 5.关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等； 6.关系副词有：when, where, why等 例1：This is the present which/that he gave me for my birthday. 例2：Do you know the man at the corner that/who came to the party last night? 例3：I still remember the night when I first came to the village? 例4：This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived. ▇ 提示： 关系词在定语从句中有三大作用 1.连接作用---连接先行词和定语从句。 2.替代作用---在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 3.成分作用---在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 指人 指物 that which whose who whom 二. 关系代词的功用？ ▇ 关系代词做主语，宾语，定语；关系副词作状语。 1. 作主语： The person who/that broke the window must pay for it. The cars which/that are produced in Hubei Province sell very well. 2. 作宾语： She is the person whom/that I met at the school gate yesterday. The book which/that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”. 3. 作定语 关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如： The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard. The house whose windows are broken is empty. 4. 作状语 I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing. He wanted to know the reason why I was late .　　 This is the house where I was born. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. 考点清单 考点一、关系代词的用法 在定语从句中，关系代词起着连接主句与从句、指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。关系代词的选用取决于主句中的先行词以及关系代词在从句中作何种成分。 先行词 在从句中作主语 在从句中作宾语 在从句中作定语 指代人 who/that whom/who/that whose 指代物 which/that which/that whose/of which 1.关系代词who和whom的用法 who代替人（即它的先行词必须是人），在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾格的 whom。但它的前面不能有介词，如果带介词则必须用宾格whom，即“介词+whom”。例如： The girl who won the first prize is from Zhejiang.获得一等奖的女孩来自浙江。 The person who/whom you just talked to is Mr.Depp.刚刚和你谈话的人是德普先生。 2.关系代词whose的用法 关系代词whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物。当whose指代物时，相当于of which。 Do you know Peter whose father happens to be working in your company? =Do you know Peter?His father happens to be working in your company. 你认识彼得吗？他的父亲恰巧正在你们公司工作。 The tourist wanted to book a room whose window faces south. =The tourist wanted to book a room.The room’s window faces south.这位游客想要预订一间窗户朝南的房间。 3.关系代词that和which的用法 两者都可用于指代物，但使用场合存在差别。在限定性定语从句中指代物时，which和that一般可以通用。 The new house that/which I have just bought is about six miles away.我新买的房子在大约6英里以外。 They planted some trees that/which didn’t need much water.他们种了一些不需要太多水的树。 ▲小试牛刀 1．我必须做的第一件事是完成作业。 The first _____________ _____________ I must do is finish my homework. 【答案】 thing that 【详解】表示“第一件事情”用the first thing，“I must do”是修饰thing的定语从句，从句缺宾语，且先行词thing被the first修饰，只能用关系代词that引导从句。 2．The forest fire ________________ Liangshan, Sichuan Province has been put out. 发生在四川凉山的森林大火被扑灭了。 【答案】which/ that happened in 【详解】考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，修饰The forest fire，“发生”happen，从句描述过去发生的动作，使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式happened，“在某地”使用介词in，先行词The forest fire指物，关系词在从句中作介词in的主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导从句。故填which/ that happened in。 3．好朋友是在你对自己丧失信心时鼓励你的那些人。（定语从句） Good friends are those ________________. 【答案】who encourage you when you lose faith in yourself 【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。根据句意和语法要求可知，先行词those指人，定语从句用关系代词who引导且在从句中作主语；“鼓励你”为encourage you；“对自己丧失信心”为固定搭配lose faith in oneself，从句主语为you，故用yourself；“在……时”用when引导时间状语从句，主句为一般现在时，从句也用一般现在时。故填who encourage you when you lose faith in yourself。 4．老师表扬了作业优秀的学生。 The teacher praised the students ______ homework was excellent. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。根据英汉意思对比可知，此处应填“……的”；设空处是定语从句引导词，先行词是students，与homework构成所属关系，应用关系代词whose，在从句中充当定语。故填whose。 5．Mrs. Smith ________ we met in France has sent us a card. 我们在法国结识的Smith夫人给我们寄来了一张贺卡。(作宾语) 【答案】whom/who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Mrs. Smith，先行词指人，且关系词在定语从句中作met的宾语，所以此处应用关系代词whom/who/that引导定语从句。故填whom/who/that。 考点二、关系副词词的用法 关系副词和关系代词一样，具有各种作用：在定语从句中代替先行词、在从句中作状语、把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句等。由于关系副词在从句中均作状语，所以具体选用什么关系副词，主要取决于关系副词在从句中充当什么类型的状语。 先行词 关系副词 关系副词在从句中充当的句子成分 指地点 where 地点状语 指时间 when 时间状语 指原因 why 原因状语 1.关系副词where的用法 由where引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示地点的名词，如building，city，room等，where在从句中作地点状语。 The hotel where we stayed was very clean.我们呆过的那家旅馆很干净。 This is the house where I was born.这就是我出生的那所房子。 补充：可以用关系代词表述 The hotel (that/which) we stayed at was very clean. =The hotel at which we stayed was very clean. 2.关系副词when的用法 由when引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示时间的名词，如time，day，date等，when在从句中作时间状语。 I’ll never forget the time when we first met.我永远不会忘记我们第一次相遇时的情景。 补充：可以用关系代词表述：I’ll never forget the time during which we first met. 3.关系副词why的用法 由why引导的定语从句，经常会用在先行词reason的后面，why在从句中作原因状语。 The reason why I got a job was that I worked hard.我获得一份工作的原因是我工作努力。 补充：可以用关系代词表述： The reason (that/for) which I got a job was that I worked hard. 点睛：.关系代词和关系副词的选用 对于同一个先行词，要想确定是用关系代词还是用关系副词，关键是要弄清楚关系词在定语从句中担任什么成分。如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，就是关系代词；如果关系词作状语，就是关系副词。 ①This is the college (that/which) I visited.这就是我参观过的学院。 ②This is the college where I studied three years ago.这就是我3年前在那儿学习过的学院。 说明：两句中的先行词都是the college，但关系词不一样。①用关系代词that/which，因为它在从句中作及物动词visited的宾语。②用关系副词where，因为它在从句中作状语，相当于there或in the college。 ①I’ll never forget the day (that/which) we spent together.我永远忘不了我们一起度过的那一天。 ②I’ll never forget the day when I got married.我永远忘不了我结婚的那一天。 说明：两句中的先行词都是the day，但是它们的关系词不一样。①用关系代词that/which，因为它在从句中作及物动词spent的宾语。②用关系副词when，因为它在从句中作状语，相当于介词短语on the way。 ▲小试牛刀 6．我期待着有一天，我的女儿能读这本书并了解我对她的感情。 I am looking forward to the day __________________________ and know my feelings for her. 【答案】when my daughter can read this book 【详解】考查定语从句。中英文句子对比可知，空处应填“我的女儿能读这本书”，可处理为定语从句，先行词为the day，在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导从句；从句主语“我的女儿”翻译为my daughter；“能”用情态动词can；后接动词原形“读”read，宾语“这本书”this book。故填when my daughter can read this book。 7．Many English learners here are at ________________ they can read some words but can’t write or speak them. 这里的很多英语学习者正处于能读懂一些单词但不能写或者说出来的阶段。(stage) 【答案】the stage where 【详解】“阶段”为名词stage，特指在“能读懂一些单词但不能写或者说出来的阶段”，stage前用定冠词the，the stage为先行词，后跟定语从句，关系词指代先行词在定语从句中作抽象地点状语，用关系副词where引导定语从句。 8．许多国家正在建立国家公园，保护动植物。 Many countries are now setting up national parks ______. 【答案】where/in which animals and plants can be protected 【详解】考查定语从句和动词。根据句意和中文提示可知，此处应使用定语从句修饰先行词parks，关系词在从句作地点状语，应用where或in which引导；表示“动植物”应用复数名词animals and plants，作主语；表示“保护”应用动词protect，与主语构成被动关系，且can后跟动词原形。故填where/in which animals and plants can be protected。 9．他考试不及格的原因是他这些天没有努力学习。 (The reason why...) _______________ he didn’t work hard these days. 【答案】The reason why he failed in the exam was that 【详解】考查句型和时态。表示“……的原因是……”句型为The reason why…is that…，why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句；主语为he；表示“考试不及格”为fail in the exam，结合后文didn’t可知为一般过去时。故填The reason why he failed in the exam was that。 10．今天早晨我上课迟到的原因是我起床晚了。 ____________________ (……的原因) I was late for class was that I got up late this morning. 【答案】The reason why 【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意和汉语提示，表示“……的原因是”用固定句型the reason why+定语从句 was that+表语从句，设空处使用引导词why引导定语从句修饰先行词the reason。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填The reason why。 考点三、介词+关系代词的用法 1.先行词指人关系代词用whom，指物关系代词用which； 2.介词选择的原则：一看先行词特殊搭配，如to a degree；二看从句谓语动词搭配，如learn from；三看整个语境逻辑。特殊结构如in which case, with whose help等。 This is the pilot by whom my son was saved. 这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。（介词+关系代词中，先行词指人用whom） This is the camera with which he often takes photos. 这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。（介词+关系代词中，先行词指物用which） I don’t know the reason for which he was late for school. 我不知道他为何上学迟到。（定语从句先行词reason多与介词for连用） Is this the car for which you paid a high price? 这是你花大价钱买的车吗？（定语从句谓语动词pay for是固定搭配） ▲小试牛刀 完成句子翻译。 1．她所热衷的话题是音乐。 The topic ________ ________ she is enthusiastic is music. 【答案】 about which 【详解】根据句意和句子结构可知，此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词the topic指物，根据固定搭配be enthusiastic about表示“热衷于”可知，此处使用介词about，介词后使用关系代词which引导定语从句。 2．在漆黑的街道上没有一个她可以求助的人。 (介词+关系代词) In the dark street there was not a single person ____________________. 【答案】to whom she could turn for help 【详解】考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词person，从句主语“她”she，根据was可知，句子使用一般过去时，“可以”使用could，后接动词原形，“求助”为turn to sb. for help，其中介词to提前，先行词person指人，关系代词使用whom，构成“介词+关系代词”结构引导定语从句。故填to whom she could turn for help。 3．她在大厅里做了一场讲座，上周我们就是在这个大厅里采访了一位著名京剧演员。 She gave a lecture in the hall ________ ________ we interviewed a famous Beijing opera actor last week. 【答案】 in which 【详解】考查定语从句。空格处引导的是定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词hall是地方，因此用关系副词where引导定语从句，可换为in which，故填in which。 4．苏就是我昨天给她发信息的那个人。 Sue is the person ________ ________ I sent the text message yesterday. 【答案】 to whom 【详解】考查定语从句。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词person，send the text message to sb.意为“给某人发信息”，先行词person是人，因此空格处用to whom引导定语从句。故填to，whom。 5．The reason _________ _________ we like the Sports Club is that it enriches our campus life. 我们喜欢体育俱乐部的原因是它丰富了我们的校园生活。 【答案】 for which 【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意，此处引导定语从句修饰先行词the reason，表示“……的原因”，可以使用“介词+which/whom”引导定语从句，根据“for the reason”意为“由于……的原因”可知，此处使用介词for，先行词为the reason，所以此处使用关系代词which。故填①for；②which。 6．在哪再买一套公寓是这家人很长时间以来一直在争论的话题。 Where to buy another apartment is a subject ________ ________ the family have argued for a long time. 【答案】 about/over which 【详解】考查定语从句。根据“a subject”及“the family have argued for a long time”可知，“____ ____ the family have argued for a long time”是定语从句，修饰先行词subject，指物。根据“argue about/ over sth.”的固定搭配可知，此处应是介词about或over+关系代词which引导定语从句。故①填about；②填which。 7．There’s no reason ________ ________ we shouldn’t be friends. 我们没有理由不做朋友。 【答案】 for which 【详解】考查定语从句。空格处引导定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词reason是原因，因此用关系副词why引导定语从句，可替换为for which，本句有两个空，故填for，which。 8．I know a place ________ ________ the food is first-class. 我知道有一个品尝一流美食的地方。 【答案】 in which 【详解】考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词place，关系词在从句作地点状语，可用where或in which引导从句。故填in which。 9．I still remember the day ________ ________ I went to college. 我仍然记得我上大学的那一天。 【答案】 on which 【详解】考查定语从句。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词day是时间，表示“在某一天”用介词on，因此可用on which引导，故填on；which。 10．毕业以后，他回到那个他长大的小镇上。 After graduation he returned to the small town ____________________________. 【答案】where/in which he grew up 【详解】考查定语从句。短语“长大”可译为grow up，根据语境，应用一般过去时，分析句子成分可知，所设空处作定语，故可用定语从句形式，修饰先行词“the small town”，该先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以该定语从句可以用关系副词where或“介词in+ which”引导，故可填where/in which he grew up。 考点四、非限制性定语从句的用法 非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，去掉后也不会影响对全句的理解，它与先行词之间往往用逗号隔开。 1. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句区别 ▲形式不同 限制性定语从句与其先行词之间不用逗号隔开，非限制性定语从句与其先行词之间一般用逗号隔开。 例：Many schools provide courses which assist new students to develop their study skills． 许多学校提供帮助新生培养学习技能的课程。(限制性定语从句) She heard a lovely song，which reminded her of her hometown． 她听到一首动听的歌曲，让她想起了家乡。(非限制性定语从句) ▲功能不同 限制性定语从句与其先行词关系十分密切，它限制了先行词的意义。如果去掉该从句，剩余部分的意思往往不完整，甚至失去意义；而非限制性定语从句只是其先行词的附加说明，如果去掉，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整。 例：I was the only person in our office that was invited． 我是办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。(去掉从句后，句子剩余部分意思就不完整) Tom’s father，who is over seventy，is still energetic． 汤姆的父亲已年逾七旬，却仍然精神矍铄。(去掉从句后，句子剩余部分意思仍然完整) ▲关系词不同 that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。请比较： 例：He failed to attend the meeting，that made us very disappointed．(×) He failed to attend the meeting，which made us very disappointed．(√) 他没有出席这次会议，这让我们很失望。 He failed to attend the meeting that／which was held last Sunday． 他没有出席上周日举行的会议。 我们用表格可以更加直观地进行比较： 类别 对先行词的作用 位置 翻译方法 引导词 限制性定语从句 对先行词进行修饰限定 紧跟在先行词后，无逗号 翻译在先行词前 作宾语时可以省略，可用who代替whom 非限制性定语从句 对先行词或主句进行补充说明 和主句之间用逗号隔开 翻译成主句的并列句 不能省略，不可以用that，不可以用who代替whom 2.as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别 非限制性定语从句不仅可以修饰名词或代词，也可以修饰整个句子，这时关系代词用 which。 例：The result of the experiment was very good，which we hadn’t expected． 实验的结果非常好，这一点出乎我们的意料。 Tom was elected Chairman of the Students’ Union．which made his family very proud． 汤姆被选为学生会主席，这件事让全家都感到骄傲。 如果非限制性定语从句放在主句之前，关系代词只能用as，不能用which。 例：As we all know，Taiwan has been part of China since ancient times． 众所周知，台湾自古以来就是中国的一部分。 As had been expected，he put forward his idea at the meeting．  as有“正如”之意，而which则意为“这（件事，一点）”，可用and this/that/it来代替。 She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.她听到可怕地声音，这让她把心都提到嗓子眼了。 As is planned, we got there before eight. 正如计划，我们八点前到达了那儿。  as多用于固定搭配中：as is often the case(这是常有的事)，as was expected(不出所料)，as often happens(正如经常发生的那样)，as is known to all(众所周知)，as has been said before(如上所述)，as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)等。 Li Ming is late, as is often the case. 李明迟到了，这事是经常发生的。(不可用which) 3．用“介词+关系代词” 或“one of whom、some of which”等引导的非限制性定语从句 可以用数词或不定代词(如all／both／each／some／most／none等)+of whom或of which来修饰或限定先行词。 例：We interviewed 1 5 applicants for the post，none of whom we thought qualified． 我们面试了15名求职者，但没有一人合格。 Seven passengers were injured in the car accident，two of whom were foreigners． 在车祸中有七人受伤，其中两名是外国人。 The engine consists of hundreds of parts，each of which has its importance． 这个引擎由数百个零件组成，每个零件都有其重要的作用。 ▲小试牛刀 1．I had my car parked in a car park, I could get my car battery charged. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我把车停在停车场，在那里我可以给汽车电池充电。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词park，在从句作地点状语，故填where。 2．I won the first prize in the English speaking contest, surprised my classmates. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在英语演讲比赛中我获得了第一名，这让同学们很惊讶。　　 surprised my classmates是非限制性定语从句，修饰前边的整个句子，从句中缺少主语，关系词代替整个主句的内容，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 3．I’ll be talking to Dr Richard, new book The New Age of Invention has just been published. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我将与理查德博士交谈，他的新书《新发明时代》刚刚出版。先行词为 Dr Richard，作定语从句的定语，关系代词为whose。故填whose。 4．Children, is always the case, love their mother. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as 5． is reported, Apple company will be launching a new tablet this time next month. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】As 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：据报道，苹果公司将在下个月的这个时候推出一款新的平板电脑。根据is reported及后面句子内容可知，空处表示“正如”，引导非限制性定语从句，用as引导，放在句首，首字母大写。As is reported,为固定句型，意思为：据报道。故填As。 6．The old man has two daughters, both of work as doctors. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位老人有两个女儿，都是医生。分析可知，逗号后的全部内容在句中为非限制性定语从句，设空处指代先行词two daughters，作介词of的宾语，所以要用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 7．My best friend Julia will come to see me next July, she won’t be so busy. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我最好的朋友朱莉娅明年七月会来看我，那时她不会那么忙。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词next July，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导定语从句，故填when。 8．She decided not to take a picnic with me, made me really disappointed. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她决定不和我一起去野餐，这让我很失望。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的主句，指物，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 9．The old man has two daughters, both of work as doctors. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位老人有两个女儿，都是医生。分析可知，逗号后的全部内容在句中为非限制性定语从句，设空处指代先行词two daughters，作介词of的宾语，所以要用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 10．Opposite the post office is a video shop, you can buy any kind of music CD you like. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：邮局对面是一家音像店，在那里你可以买任何你喜欢的音乐CD。该空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a video shop，并且在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 一、单句语法填空 1．It is widely accepted that the age children can go to school is seven. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】句意：人们普遍认可，儿童的入学年龄是七岁。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词the age，在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导该从句。 2．Don’t get too close to the house roof is under repair. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：不要靠近那栋屋顶正在维修的房子。Don’t get too close to the house是主句，roof与house是所属关系，即“房子的屋顶”，此空应是whose引导定语从句，作定语。 3．There are only so many people with you can be continuously texting. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whom 【详解】句意：你能够持续与之保持短信联系的人其实并不多。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构引导定语从句，修饰先行词people，作介词with的宾语，指人，故用关系代词whom。 4．We climbed up to the ancient tower overlooking the Gan River, from we can admire the breathtaking view in the setting sun. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】句意：我们登上那座俯瞰着赣江的古老塔楼，在那里我们可以欣赏到夕阳映照下那令人叹为观止的美景。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词tower，作介词的宾语，指物，故用which。 5．Some experts think reading is the basic skill on school education depends. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】which 【详解】句意：一些专家认为，阅读是学校教育赖以依存的基础技能。此处为“介词+which”引导定语从句，先行词为the basic skill ，指物，在从句中作介词on的宾语，故应用关系代词which。 6．We are in the era there are great opportunities for those who are competent. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】句意：我们处在一个对于有能力的人来说有大量机会的时代。先行词为era，在限制性定语从句“____ there are great opportunities for those who are competent”中作时间状语，即“在这个时代有大量机会”，所以用关系副词when引导定语从句。 7．Many families are not trapped in poverty, but in a subtle situation emotional communication gradually fades amid busy daily routines. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】句意：许多家庭并未陷入贫困，而是陷入一种微妙处境，日常琐事缠身，情感交流日渐淡化。空处引导限制性定语从句，代替先行词situation在从句中作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。 8．This is the place I lost my English notebook. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】句意：这就是我丢失英语笔记本的地方。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词place，在定语从句中作地点状语，因此用关系副词where引导定语从句。 9．I’ll never forget the days I first met my best friend Amy. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】句意：我永远忘不了我第一次遇见我最好的朋友艾米的那些日子。空处引导定语从句，先行词是the days，指代时间，且从句缺少时间状语，用关系副词when引导。 10． is generally accepted, a balanced diet is important for maintaining good health. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】As 【详解】句意：人们普遍认为，均衡的饮食对保持良好的健康至关重要。空处引导的非限制性定语从句，关系词指代主句内容，在定语从句中作主语，表示“正如”，需用关系代词as引导，位于句首，首字母需大写。 11．He failed the exam again, made his parents very disappointed. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】句意：他考试又没及格，这让他的父母非常失望。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。 12．Plates moving underground can cause an earthquake, is a sudden shaking of the earth’s surface. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】句意：地下板块移动会引发地震，地震是地球表面突发的震动。逗号后是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an earthquake，指物，从句本身缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导。 13．Wu Yize, won the World Snooker Championship final, has set a new benchmark for young Chinese players. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who 【详解】句意：吴宜泽赢得了世界斯诺克锦标赛决赛冠军，他为年轻的中国选手树立了新的标杆。“______ won the World Snooker Championship final”为定语从句，先行词是Wu Yize，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导。 14．The Forbidden City, ancient Chinese emperors once lived and worked, is now open to the public. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】句意：故宫，中国古代帝王曾经生活和理政的地方，如今对公众开放。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词The Forbidden City表地点，在从句中作地点状语成分，所以用关系副词where引导。 15．The man, from we learned a lot about environmental protection, is a renowned environmentalist. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whom 【详解】句意：这个人是一位著名的环保主义者，从他那里我们学到了很多关于环境保护的知识。空处和空前的from搭配，形成“介词+关系代词”的结构，引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词The man作补充说明，先行词指人，作介词from的宾语，因此应用关系代词whom。 16．All kinds of traditional Chinese herbal medicine can be found, too, and there are Chinese tea stores, visitors can taste and buy varieties of Chinese tea. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】句意：各种各样的传统中国草药也可以被找到；有许多中国茶馆，在那里游客可以品尝和购买各种中国茶。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Chinese tea stores，空处在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。 17．Their primary school teachers and their lessons they were fond of influenced their lives. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】句意：他们喜欢的小学老师和课程影响了他们的生活。先行词是teachers and their lessons，既有人也有事物，在定语从句中作fond of的宾语，只能用关系代词that。 18．This is the digital library every registered user has access to thousands of e-books and academic journals. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】句意：这就是那个数字图书馆，这里每位注册用户都能获取数千本电子书和学术期刊。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词library是地方，因此用关系副词where引导定语从句。 19．The young doctor faced a situation he had to make a quick decision without enough information.（定语从句关系词） (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】句意：这位年轻的医生面临着这样一种情况：他必须在缺乏足够信息的情况下迅速做出决定。定语从句修饰先行词situation，在从句作地点状语，用where。 20．Tony showed me his new cell phone, screen was small but it could change colors in different weather. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：Tony给我看了他的新手机，它的屏幕很小，但可以随天气变化而变色。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词在从句中作“screen”定语，用关系代词whose引导从句。 二、完成句子 1．我绝不会忘记与她第一次相见的那一天。 I’ll never forget the day I first met her. 【答案】on which 【详解】考查定语从句。表示在某一天应用介词on，在定语从句中缺少宾语，且先行词为day，所以应用关系代词which。故填on which。 2． (正如你想的那样), there will be a variety of challenges in the future life. 【答案】As you can imagine 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正如你想的那样，在未来的生活中会有各种各样的挑战。根据汉语提示“正如你想的那样”并分析句子结构可知，这里应用关系代词as引导非限定性定语从句，意为“正如”，指代后面整个主句；“想”可表示为imagine。故填As you can imagine。 3．我站在塔顶，从那儿我看到了这个城市的全景。 I stood at the top of the tower, . 【答案】from where I had a good view of the whole city 【详解】考查定语从句。此处为介词+关系副词构成的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the top of the tower，表示“从……”应用介词from，先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导定语从句；表示“我”应用代词I,在从句中作主语；表示“看到了”应用动词have，结合句意应用一般过去时，在从句中作谓语；表示“这个城市的全景”应用名词短语a good view of the whole city，在从句中作宾语。故填：from where I had a good view of the whole city。 4．更糟糕的是，他的父亲在这段时间失去了工作并深陷悲痛之中。 Worse still, his father, , lost his job at the same time. 【答案】who was in deep sorrow 【详解】考查固定短语、定语从句、时态、主谓一致、形容词。由所给句意可知，空格处应表达“他的父亲深陷悲痛之中”。本空为非限制性定语从句，先行词是his father，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。根据lost可知事情发生在过去，故从句时态用一般过去时，表示“悲伤”用be in sorrow，主语who指代his father，be动词用was。表示“深深的”用形容词deep，作定语，修饰名词sorrow。故填who was in deep sorrow。 5．在我们学校，大约有200名教师，其中30%是男性。 In our school, there are about 200 teachers, 【答案】thirty percent of whom are men 【详解】考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是teachers，指人，“其中30%”使用短语thirty percent of，关系词在从句中作of的宾语，应用关系代词whom，“男性”使用名词复数men，主语thirty percent of whom表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式，且句子是描述一个事实，用一般现在时，故填thirty percent of whom are men。 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A few months ago, I left my hometown for Canada to study. I felt nervous because I was going to 1 new place with new people. What worried me at first was that I couldn’t speak English 2 (fluent), and I also couldn’t understand 3 (they) customs. Everything was different 4 that in my own country. I had to deal with everything alone. It was a sad moment 5 I had to say goodbye to my family and friends at the airport. I felt sad 6 (leave) my hometown because I grew up there and had many wonderful 7 (memory) of the familiar (熟悉的) place. However, I knew 8 (study) abroad was a decision that I made myself. I had to 9 (accept) the challenge. By now I have gotten used to the new life here already, though I’m looking forward to 10 (spend) the coming vacation with my old friends back home. 【答案】 1．a 2．fluently 3．their 4．from 5．when 6．to leave 7．memories 8．studying 9．accept 10．spending 【导语】短文叙述了作者一个月前要去加拿大学习时的紧张心理活动以及对家乡依依不舍的情怀。 【详解】1．考查冠词。句意：我感到紧张，因为我要去一个都是陌生人的新地方。place为可数名词被形容词new修饰，表示一个新的地方。且new的首字母的发音为辅音音素，所以应填不定冠词a。 2．考查副词。句意：起初使我担心的是我不能流利地说英语，也不能理解他们的习俗。此处应用副词fluently修饰动词speak。 3．考查代词。句意：起初使我担心的是我不能流利地说英语，也不能理解他们的习俗。此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰限定名词customs。 4．考查介词。句意：一切都和我的国家不一样。短语be different from表示“与……不同”。 5．考查定语从句。句意：那是一个悲伤的时刻，我不得不在机场向我的家人和朋友告别。设空处引导定语从句，moment为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：离开家乡让我感到难过，因为我在那里长大，并对这个熟悉的地方有着许多美好的回忆。短语feel sad to do sth.表示“对做某事感到悲伤”。 7．考查名词。句意：离开家乡让我感到难过，因为我在那里长大，并对这个熟悉的地方有着许多美好的回忆。memory“记忆的东西，回忆 ”为可数名词。本句所描述的事物有多方面的回忆，所以用复数memories。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：不过，我知道出国留学是我自己做出的选择。作宾语从句的主语，用动名词形式。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：我不得不接受这个挑战。短语have to do sth.表示“不得不做某事”。 10．考查动名词。句意：到现在为止，我已经习惯了这里的新生活，可是我一直期待和我的老朋友回家一起度过即将到来的假期。look forward to中的to为介词，后接动名词作宾语。 二、阅读理解 Music with a View Summer may well be the favourite season of classical music lovers, with many festivals taking place worldwide. And what’s better than enjoying a live performance of your favourite piece? Enjoying it in the great outdoors, of course! Edinburgh International Festival, Scotland It’s Edinburgh’s arts offering, and in 2023 welcomes violinist Nicola Benedetti in her first year as festival director. Picking up the baton (接力棒) from previous director Fergus Linehan, she is the first female festival director since the Festival began in 1947. Benedetti will invite some popular symphony orchestras. August 4 — August 27, eif.co.uk Puccini Festival, Italy Since 1930, it has been presenting Puccini’s masterpieces to crowds of thousands in beautiful Torre del Lago every summer. We’re picturing hot Italian summer days closing with a gentle warmth, together with fine opera and a cool glass of wine in hand and the waters of Lake Massaciuccoli. July 14 — August 26, puccinifestival.it Verbier Festival, Switzerland One of the main reasons to visit it is that it’s a magical two-week celebration of classical music at the top of the world. The festival has become known for attracting the biggest soloists (独唱者) in the world. The real magic of Verbier is its ideas of connecting great musicians at the height of their careers with ambitious young artists. July 14 — July 30, verbierfestival.com Granada International Festival, Spain Since 1952, it has been held in the palace to show opera, ballet, Spanish dance and more. In 2023, the festival will team up with University of Granada to invite talented students to take part in the Manuel de Falla Courses, which offer masterclasses in composition, musical analysis, performance and face-to-face talk with great musicians including Víkingur Ólafsson and Daniil Trifonov. June 21 — July 19, granadafestival.org 11．Who is the first female festival director of Edinburgh International Festival? A．Fergus Linehan. B．Nicola Benedetti. C．Víkingur Ólafsson. D．Daniil Trifonov. 12．What do Verbier Festival and Granada International Festival have in common? A．They attract the biggest soloists. B．They are themed on classical music. C．They present Puccini’s masterpieces to the public. D．They give the youth a chance to contact with musicians. 13．Which festival lasts the longest? A．Puccini Festival, Italy. B．Verbier Festival, Switzerland. C．Granada International Festival, Spain. D．Edinburgh International Festival, Scotland. 【答案】11．B 12．D 13．A 【导语】文章介绍了世界各地的四个夏季户外音乐节。 【详解】11．细节理解题。根据Edinburgh International Festival部分的“It’s Edinburgh’s arts offering, and in 2023 welcomes violinist Nicola Benedetti in her first year as festival director. Picking up the baton (接力棒) from previous director Fergus Linehan, she is the first female festival director since the Festival began in 1947. (这是爱丁堡艺术节的亮点，2023年迎来了小提琴家Nicola Benedetti担任本届艺术节总监的首年。她接替了前任总监Fergus Linehan，是自1947年艺术节创办以来首位女性艺术节总监。)”可知，Nicola Benedetti是该音乐节的首位女性艺术节总监。 12．细节理解题。根据Verbier Festival部分的“The real magic of Verbier is its ideas of connecting great musicians at the height of their careers with ambitious young artists. (韦尔比耶真正的魅力在于，它将处于巅峰的杰出音乐家与雄心勃勃的年轻艺术家联系起来。)”和Granada International Festival部分的“In 2023, the festival will team up with University of Granada to invite talented students to take part in the Manuel de Falla Courses (2023年，该艺术节将与格拉纳达大学合作，邀请有才华的学生参加Manuel de Falla课程)”可知，二者的共同点是给年轻人提供接触音乐家的机会。 13．细节理解题。根据四个音乐节分别对应的时间“August 4 — August 27 (8月4日到8月27日)”、“July 14 — August 26 (7月14日到8月26日)”、“July 14 — July 30 (7月14日到7月30日)”和“June 21 — July 19 (6月21日到7月19日)”可知，爱丁堡国际音乐节时长为24天，普契尼音乐节时长为44天，韦尔比耶音乐节时长为17天，格拉纳达国际音乐节时长为29天，时长最长的是普契尼音乐节。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $