Unit 5 Working the Land Words and Expressions 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第一册

该高中英语课件聚焦Unit 5 "Working the Land"核心词汇及用法，以袁隆平名言导入主题，通过词汇释义、搭配、例句及易混淆词辨析构建知识脉络，设置单句填空、短文填空等练习作为学习支架，帮助学生系统掌握词汇应用。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，如通过"devote"的多维度讲解（释义、派生、辨析）及任务型练习（句型转换、短文填空）提升语言运用能力，结合袁隆平事迹渗透文化意识，增强家国情怀。多样化练习设计助力学生高效学习，教师可直接用于课堂教学，提升教学效果。

Unit 5 Working the Land Words and Expressions 人教版2019选择性必修第一册 Unit 5 Working the Land My lifelong pursuit is to keep all the people away from hunger. —Yuan Longping 我毕生追求就是让所有人远离饥饿。 ——袁隆平 hybrid /ˈhaɪbrɪd/ n. 杂交植（动）物；合成物；混合动力车 hybridize v. （使）杂交；混合 hybridization n. 杂交；混合化 hybridised adj. 杂交的 (1) a hybrid between A and B 介于 A、B 之间的混合体 The theatre is a hybrid between a concert hall and cinema.这座场馆兼具音乐厅与影院的功能。 hybrid plant 杂交植物 hybrid rice 杂交水稻 hybrid species 杂交物种 animal hybrid 杂交动物 devote /dɪˈvəʊt/ vt. 把……献（给）；把……专用于；专心于 devotion n. 奉献；忠诚；关爱 devoted adj. 挚爱的；忠诚的；全心全意的 (1) devote oneself to (doing) sth 致力于；献身于；专心于 She devotes herself to helping poor children.她致力于帮助贫困儿童。 He devoted himself to studying science.他全身心投入科学研究。 (2) be devoted to (doing) sth专心于；深爱；忠于（表状态）,专用于…… My mother is devoted to taking care of our family.妈妈一心照顾家人。 He is devoted to his career.（接名词）他忠于自己的事业。 devote /dɪˈvəʊt/ vt. 把……献（给）；把……专用于；专心于 Over half his speech was devoted to the issue of unemployment.（他那篇演讲用了一半多的篇幅讨论失业问题。） This fund is devoted to environmental protection.（这笔资金专用于环境保护。） (3) devote sth to (doing) sth把（时间 / 精力 / 金钱）投入到…… I devote most of my time to reading.我把大部分时间花在阅读上。 They devoted all their energy to finishing the task.他们全力以赴完成这项任务。 devote /dɪˈvəʊt/ vt. 把……献（给）；把……专用于；专心于 (4) devotion to sth 对…… 的奉献 His devotion to agriculture moved the whole world.他对农业的奉献感动了全世界。 同义替换写作句型 devote one’s life to doing = spend one’s whole life doing be devoted to = be committed to 致力于 易混淆词辨析：devote vs. dedicate devote：更日常、中性，侧重于“资源的投入”，常搭配 time, energy, attention, effort 等。 dedicate：更正式、强烈，带有“誓言、使命感”的色彩，侧重于“郑重献身或题献”，常搭配 life, career, work, a book 等（例如：The author dedicated the book to her mother. 作者将这本书题献给了她的母亲）。 单句填空（用 devote 适当形式） 1. Yuan Longping ________ (devote) all his life to hybrid rice research. 2. She is ________ (devote) to protecting wild animals. 3. He decided ________ (devote) more time ________ (study) agriculture. 4. The scientist devoted much of his money to ________ (support) farm experiments. 5. To help farmers, Yuan made a ________ (devote) to rice improvement. devoted devoted to devote studying supporting devotion Short passage filling Yuan Longping ________(1) his whole life to rice science. His lifelong ________(2) inspires thousands of young researchers, who are also ________(3) to agricultural work. devoted devoted devotion (devote, devoted, devotion) 句型转换 1. He spent all his life on agricultural work.（用 devote 改写） He ________ all his life ________ agricultural work. 2. She devotes much energy to studying seawater rice.（改为被动） Much energy ________ ________ to studying seawater rice by her. 3. His devotion to farming moved everyone.（用 devoted 改写句子） He ________ ________ to farming, which moved everyone. to devoted devoted is was devoted shortage /ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/ n. 不足；缺少；短缺 a shortage of … … 的短缺、不足 There is a severe shortage of skilled workers in this industry.该行业严重缺乏技术工人。 The region is facing a growing shortage of fresh water.这一地区淡水短缺问题日益严峻。 food/water/labor shortage The natural disaster led to a serious food shortage.这场自然灾害引发了严重的粮食短缺。 Labor shortage has restricted the development of local factories.劳动力短缺制约了当地工厂的发展。 shortage /ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/ n. 不足；缺少；短缺 suffer from a shortage of 遭遇…… 短缺 Many remote areas still suffer from a shortage of medical supplies.许多偏远地区依旧医疗物资匮乏。 make up for the shortage We need to introduce new equipment to make up for the manpower shortage.我们需引进新设备来弥补人力不足。 ease/relieve a shortage Effective policies have helped relieve the housing shortage.有效的政策缓解了住房紧张的问题。 tackle /ˈtækl/ vt. 解决（难题）；应付（局面）；处理 appropriately adv. 适当地；恰当地 appropriateness (n. 适当；合适) tackle sb about / on / over sth 就某事与某人交涉 / 质问 She decided to tackle him on the matter of budget.她决定就预算问题和他沟通交涉。 I tackled him about his careless work.（就他工作马虎一事，我与他进行了交涉。） 易混淆词辨析：tackle vs. solve solve：侧重于“找到最终答案或解决办法”，强调结果（如 solve a math problem）。 tackle：侧重于“着手处理、积极应对”的过程和决心，不保证问题一定能彻底解决，但强调采取了行动（如 tackle a complex issue）。 crisis /ˈkraɪsɪs/ n. (pl. crises) 危机；危急关头 in crisis 处于危机中 Many small businesses are still in crisis.不少小企业仍深陷危机。 The country's leadership is in crisis.（该国领导层陷入了危机。） at a crisis 在危急关头 The country stood united at this crisis.危难时刻，全国人民团结一致。 She's always to the fore at moments of crisis.（她在危急关头总是挺身而出。） boost /buːst/ v. 促进；推动；提振；增强 n. 推动；增长；激励 boost /buːst/ v. 促进；推动；提振；增强 n. 推动；增长；激励 boost sth by + 数值 增长…… 幅度 boost sth to sth 提升至某水平 give sb a boost 给某人鼓舞、打气 get/receive a boost 得到提振、迎来增长 a boost in/of sth …… 方面的提升 / 增长 provide a boost to sth 推动、促进某物 Digital transformation serves to boost industrial efficiency and cut unnecessary operational costs. 数字化转型有助于提升产业效率，削减不必要的运营成本。 2. Regular moderate exercise can effectively boost immunity and reduce the risk of chronic illnesses. 规律适度运动能有效增强免疫力，降低慢性病患病风险。 3. Favorable tax policies are designed to boost domestic consumption and revitalize the consumer market. 利好税收政策旨在提振内需，激活消费市场。 4. Recognizing employees’ contributions greatly boosts their morale and long-term work motivation. 认可员工贡献能极大鼓舞士气，提升其长期工作积极性。 boost /buːst/ v. 促进；推动；提振；增强 n. 推动；增长；激励 yield /jiːld/ n. 产量；产出 vt. 出产（作物）；产生（收益、效益等） vi. 屈服；让步 yield /jiːld/ n. 产量；产出 vt. 出产（作物）；产生（收益、效益等） vi. 屈服；让步 （1）yield to sth/sb 屈从于某物/某人 He refused to yield to threats.他拒绝屈服于威胁。 It's very easy to yield to temptation and spend too much money.（很容易抵制不住诱惑而大把地花钱。） （2）yield sth (to sb)：放弃、交出（控制权、权力等） He may yield control to the new manager.（他可能会将控制权交给新经理。） They were forced to yield their land to the occupying forces.（他们被迫将领土割让给占领军。） Write down the meaning of the bold word in each sentence One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops. This new type of rice can yield much more grain each year. Farmers want to increase rice yield on the same land. The land yields good harvests with hybrid seeds. He refused to yield to difficulties in his research. 产量 产出 产量 产出 屈服，让步 convince /kənˈvɪns/ vt. 使相信；使确信；说服 (1) convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事 be convinced of sth. 坚信；确信(表状态) I tried to convince him of my honesty.我努力让他相信我的诚意。 We are all convinced of his ability.我们都确信他的能力。 (2) convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 She finally convinced me to join the club.她最终说服我加入了俱乐部。 convinced adj. 坚信；深信；确信 convincing adj. 令人信服的 convince /kənˈvɪns/ vt. 使相信；使确信；说服 (3) convince sb. that… 使某人相信……（接从句） be convinced that…坚信；确信(表状态) He convinced me that he was right.他让我相信他是对的。 I am convinced that we will win.我坚信我们会赢。 综合例句 It’s hard to convince her of the plan, and no one can convince her to change her mind.很难让她相信这个计划，也没人能说服她改变主意。 核心辨析：convince & persuade convince 侧重于“攻心”（改变观念）：强调通过事实、证据或逻辑，让对方在认知上相信某个观点或事实，不一定要求对方采取行动。 例句： I convinced my mom that the movie is worth watching.（我说服妈妈相信这部电影值得看。） persuade 侧重于“促进行动”（让腿动起来）：强调最终促使对方做出了具体的行为或改变了意愿。 例句： I persuaded my friend to come to the party.（我说服朋友来参加派对了。） Fill in the blanks (use the correct form of convince) Yuan Longping was ________ (convince) that hybrid rice could solve food shortages. No one could ________ him to give up his research in the fields. She managed to ________ the farmers of the advantages of new rice seeds. I am fully ________ of the value of agricultural science. His experiments ________ all people that higher yields were possible. convinced convince convince convinced convinced characteristic /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/ n. 特征；特点；品质 adj. 典型的；独特的 be characteristic of sb./sth. =be typical of ... 是…… 特有的 / 典型的 be convinced that…坚信；确信(表状态) A strong sense of responsibility is characteristic of people engaged in public service.强烈的责任感是公职人员身上特有的品质。 Quick decision-making and bold innovation are characteristic of outstanding entrepreneurs in the digital era.果断决策与大胆创新是数字时代优秀企业家的典型特质。 Warm hospitality and simple lifestyles are characteristic of residents in this remote mountain village.热情好客、生活质朴是这座偏远山村村民的鲜明特点。 Write down the meaning of the bold word One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops. It is characteristic of Yuan Longping to work hard in the fields. 特点，特征 典型的 Translation 高产是杂交水稻的一大特点。 不畏困难是袁隆平的典型特质。 High yield is an important characteristic of hybrid rice. Fearlessness in the face of hardships is an typical characteristic of Yuan Longping. conventional /kənˈvenʃənl/ adj. 传统的；习惯的 It’s a social convention to shake hands when you meet people.与人见面握手是一种社会习俗。 She decided to break convention and wear white to the funeral.她决定打破惯例，穿白色衣服参加葬礼。 convention n. 习俗；常规；惯例 assumption /əˈsʌmpʃn/ n. 假定；设定；（责任的）承担；（权力的）获得 make assumptions/an assumption about ... 对……作出假设 assumption about sth/sb 对…… 的设想 / 看法 on the assumption (that...) 假定；在…… 的前提下（写作超级高频短语） We will carry out the experiment on the assumption that all conditions remain stable.我们假定所有条件保持稳定，以此为前提开展实验。 under the assumption that… 认为；假定…… Under the assumption that everyone will attend the meeting, we have prepared enough seats.我们假定所有人都会参会，所以准备了充足的座位。 assumption /əˈsʌmpʃn/ n. 假定；设定；（责任的）承担；（权力的）获得 (1) assume (that)…假定 / 认为…… I assumed that nobody was home because the car wasn’t in the driveway.（我以为家里没人，因为车道上没有车。） (2) assuming (that) conj. 假定；假如（连词用法，写作加分） Assuming that time permits, we will visit the local museum.假如时间允许，我们会参观当地博物馆。 (3) assume sb/sth to be+形容词/名词：认为某人/某事是…… We must assume him to be innocent until he is proved guilty.（在被证明有罪之前，我们必须假定他是无辜的。） assume vt. 假定，认为；承担（责任） assuming conj. 假定，假设 核心辨析：assume & presume & suppose assume：指在很少或完全没有证据的情况下，主观武断地推测（想当然）。 presume：侧重于根据过去的经验或现有的现实迹象，把某事认定为事实（有根据的推测）。 suppose：最常用的词，指缺乏确切事实，根据一些现象进行的推测，也可表示“假设”以引出讨论。 Fill in the blanks (assume / assumption) 1. People used to ________ that rice could not be hybridized. 2. This wrong ________ stopped many scientists from doing related research. 3. Don’t make an ________ before you do enough experiments. 4. We cannot ________ his idea is wrong without evidence. assume assumption assumption assume intense /ɪnˈtens/ adj.强烈的；紧张的；极端的；热切的 intense 强烈的（热、光、疼痛） 人物神态 事务层面 情绪层面 感官层面 极度的（恐惧、渴望、压力） 紧张激烈的（竞争、训练） 专注凝重的（眼神、神情） overcome /ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/ v. 克服；攻克；战胜（困难、阻碍、缺点） overcome sth. (in doing sth.) 在做某事过程中克服…… be overcome by/with sth. 被（情绪、疲惫、悲伤等）压倒；深受…… 影响 The whole nation was overcome by grief after the sad news spread.噩耗传来，举国沉浸在悲痛之中。 She was overcome with joy when she received the admission letter.收到录取通知书时，她欣喜万分。 expand /ɪkˈspænd/ vt. & vi. 扩大；增加 vt. 扩展；发展（业务） 1. expand into sth扩展至 / 拓展到（新领域、新市场等）, 扩大成为…… Our company plans to expand into the European market.（我们公司计划拓展到欧洲市场。） Our society has expanded into a worldwide organization. 我们的社团已经扩大成一个世界性的组织。 The company has decided to expand into new markets because they have reached market saturation at home.（公司决定开拓新市场，因为他们在国内已经达到了市场饱和。） expansion n. [U, C] 扩张；扩展；扩大；膨胀 expand /ɪkˈspænd/ vt. & vi. 扩大；增加 vt. 扩展；发展（业务） 2. expand A into B 把 A 扩展成 B Many small enterprises choose to expand into e-commerce as online shopping keeps booming all over the world. 随着全球网购持续蓬勃发展，许多中小企业选择拓展电商领域。 3. expand on / upon (something)：详述 / 进一步阐述（观点、问题等） Could you expand on that point, please?（请你把这一点详细说明一下好吗？） He is thinking of expanding upon his previous research.（他正在考虑进一步阐述他之前的研究。） 💡 核心辨析：expand & extend & spread expand：侧重于事物在体积、数量、范围或重要性上的扩大，通常是向多个方向扩张（如：扩大业务、气球膨胀）。 extend：侧重于事物在空间上的线性延伸（如长度、宽度的增加）或时间上的延长（如：延长期限、扩建厨房）。 spread：侧重于事物向四面八方扩散或蔓延，常用于描述疾病、消息、火势等的传播（如：spread the word 传播消息）。 Task 1 Fill in the blanks (expand / expansion) The new rice helps farmers ________ rice production. The ________ of salty land planting changes China’s agriculture. We want to ________ the area where seawater rice grows. expand expand expansion Task 2 Sentence translation 这种杂交水稻帮助农民大幅提高产量。 海水稻实现了盐碱地种植面积的扩大。 This kind of hybrid rice helps farmers expand output greatly. Seawater rice brings the expansion of planting areas on salty land. output /ˈaʊtpʊt/ n. 产量；输出；输出量 vt. 输出 The new farming methods greatly raised crop output. 新式耕作大幅提升了农作物产量。 The printer is a common output device. 打印机是常见的输出设备。 The machine outputs test reports automatically. 这台机器自动输出检测报告。 estimate /ˈestɪmət/ vt. 估计；估价；估算 n. 估计；估算 (1) estimate sth at + 数字 估算某物价值 / 数量为…… be estimated at + 数值 预估数值为…… The loss caused by the storm is estimated at millions of dollars.这场风暴造成的损失预估达数百万美元。 (2) estimate that + 从句 预估…… It is estimated (that) ... 据估计…… Experts estimate that over half of young people benefit from regular outdoor exercise. 专家预估超过半数年轻人能从规律户外运动中获益。 (3) be estimated to do 据估计…… The population of the town is estimated to reach 100,000 by 2030. Task 1 Fill in the blanks Experts ________ that hybrid rice feeds billions of people worldwide. My ________ of rice production matches the real number. It is roughly ________ that seawater rice covers one million square kilometres of salty land. estimate estimated estimation Task 2 Complete the sentence ________________________(据估计)，salty land can be widely used to grow seawater rice in the future. We cannot ________________________(预估产量) without field experiments. It is estimated that estimate the yield/output domestic /dəˈmestɪk/ adj. 本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的 domestic 国内市场、内需、国内航班、内政 衍生词 驯养的 家庭的 国内的 家务、家庭生活、家暴 家畜 domestically adv. 在国内；居家 domestics n. 佣人；家畜 Write down the meaning of the bold word. We should stimulate domestic consumption to develop our economy. My mother is tired of endless domestic chores every day. Cows, ducks and dogs are all domestic animals raised by humans. This airline only runs domestic flights around our country. The new law helps prevent domestic violence between family members. 国内的 驯养的；家养的 家庭的；家务的 国内的 家庭的 consumption /kənˈsʌmpʃn/ n. 消耗；消耗量；消费 consume vt. 消耗；耗费 The new policy aims to cut energy consumption. 这项新政策旨在降低能源消耗。 Cars consume a large amount of petrol every day. 汽车每天会消耗大量汽油。 The consumption of too much salt harms health. 过量摄入食盐有损健康。 People consume more fruit in summer. 人们夏天会摄入更多水果。 comprise /kəmˈpraɪz/ vt. 包括；包含；由……组成 (1) A comprises B = A 由 B 构成（整体 + comprise + 部分, 主动语态） The course comprises a class book, a practice book, and a CD.（这门课的教材包括一本课堂用书、一本练习用书和一张光盘。） The committee comprises representatives from all departments.（该委员会包含所有部门的代表。） The United Kingdom comprises England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.（联合王国由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰组成。） comprise /kəmˈpraɪz/ vt. 包括；包含；由……组成 (2) B comprise A = 部分构成整体（部分作主语）意为 “构成、组成” These chapters comprise the first half of the novel.这些章节构成了小说的前半部分。 Women comprise 44% of hospital medical staff.（女性占医院医护人员的44%。） (3) be comprised of sth= be made up of=be composed of 由…… 组成 This collection of essays is comprised of articles covering culture, education and environmental protection.这本论文集由涵盖文化、教育与环保主题的多篇文章组成。 the composition of …… 的组成 / 成分 核心辨析：comprise & consist of & compose & constitute comprise：及物动词，不加 of。公式：整体 comprises 部分。 consist of：不及物动词，必须加 of。公式：整体 consists of 部分。 compose：常用于被动语态，必须加 of。公式：整体 is composed of 部分。 constitute：及物动词，不加 of。公式：部分 constitutes 整体（方向与 comprise 相反）。 对比记忆例句： 整体包含部分：The team comprises five members. / The team consists of five members. / The team is composed offive members.（团队由五名成员组成。） 部分构成整体：Five members constitute the team.（五名成员组成了这个团队。） strain /streɪn/ n. (动、植物的）系；品种；拉伤；压力 strained adj. 紧张的；勉强的 近义词：tension、pressure、stress 词性1 n mental strain 精神压力 put strain on 给……带来负担 品种；品系 拉伤；劳损 压力；负担 muscle strain 肌肉拉伤 a strain of wheat 小麦品种 a strain of virus 病毒毒株 strain /streɪn/ n. (动、植物的）系；品种；拉伤；压力 词性2 v. strain one’s eyes 用眼过度 竭尽全力 拉伤（身体部位） 过度劳累；使紧绷 strain a knee 拉伤膝盖 strain to hear 努力去听 损害、使（关系）紧张 strain relations 使关系紧张 leisure /ˈleʒə(r)/ n. 闲暇；休闲；空闲 Reading and hiking are my favourite leisure activities.阅读和徒步是我最喜欢的休闲活动。 The leisure industry has developed rapidly in recent years.休闲产业近些年发展迅速。 This shop sells comfortable leisure wear.这家店售卖舒适的休闲服饰。 You can look around the garden at leisure.你可以悠闲地逛逛花园。 We took a leisurely walk along the river.我们沿着河边悠闲散步。 deep down 在内心深处；本质上；实际上 Deep down, everyone longs for a peaceful and pollution-free living environment.在内心深处，每个人都渴望拥有无污染的宜居环境。 She pretended not to care about the result, but deep down she was extremely anxious.她装作不在意结果，可心底里万分焦灼。 Deep down, we all know that short-term chemical farming will damage our planet.实际上我们都清楚，短期化学农业会破坏我们的地球。 He put on a cold manner, yet deep down he valued friendship more than anything else.他外表冷淡，但内心深处视友情重于一切。 Deep down inside us lies the wish to live a healthy and sustainable life.我们每个人心底都怀揣着健康可持续生活的向往。 soil /sɔɪl/ n. 泥土；土壤；国土；领土 泥土 土壤 celebrity /səˈlebrəti/ n. 名望；名誉；名人；名流 envision /ɪnˈvɪʒn/ vt. 展望；想象 1. envision sth 设想某事 / 某种景象 Many environmentalists envision a world powered entirely by clean and alternative energy.许多环保人士设想一个完全依靠清洁能源与替代能源供能的世界。 It is not difficult to envision the remarkable changes that technological advances will bring to daily life.不难预想科技进步将会给日常生活带来的巨大改变。 vision n. 想象；视力；视野；影像 envision /ɪnˈvɪʒn/ vt. 展望；想象 2. envision doing sth 想象做某事 Few people could envision achieving such tremendous success within only five years.很少有人能预想在短短五年内取得如此巨大的成就。 Young people often envision traveling around the globe and expanding their horizons independently. We also envision creating an orchard that will provide a food source for wildlife.（我们还设想建造一个果园，为野生动物提供食物来源。） envision /ɪnˈvɪʒn/ vt. 展望；想象 3. envision sb doing sth 设想某人做某事 I can easily envision young generations taking responsibility to protect the ecological environment. 4. envision that + 从句 预想……,预判… Experts envision that cooperation between countries will greatly boost global economic development. 5. envision sth. as sth.：把……设想为/看作…… The agricultural projects that were envisioned as the foundation of a new economy collapsed.（那些被设想为新经济基础的农业项目崩溃了。） 核心辨析：envision & imagine & envisage envision vs. imagine： envision 感觉更理性、更具体，侧重于“规划未来场景”或“构建清晰的蓝图”（如：envision a bright future 设想光明的未来）。 imagine 则更自由、更有创意，侧重于“天马行空的幻想”或“假设某种情境”（如：Can you imagine living on Mars? 你能想象住在火星上吗？）。 envision vs. envisage： 两者意思非常相近，但 envision 在美式英语中更为常见，侧重于“清晰想象、预想未来事物”。 envisage 在英式英语中更常用，除了“设想”外，有时还带有一点“正视、面对（问题或可能性）”的意味。 Task 1 Word Transformation (词形变换: envision /vision) Yuan had a clear ________ of high-yield rice many years ago. He ________ that rice grains would be as big as peanuts. Scientists continue to ________ new kinds of seawater rice. His great ________ inspired lots of young agricultural researchers. vision envision envisioned Task 2 Short passage blank filling： envision, vision, envisioned Yuan Longping had a great ________(1). He ________(2) super rice decades ago. Today more scientists ________(3) wider use of seawater rice to feed more people. vision envision vision envisioned reality /riˈæləti/ n. 现实；实际情况；事实 in reality 事实上；实际上（= in fact ） He looks confident, but in reality he is extremely nervous. 他看起来自信满满，实际上内心十分紧张。 He came across as streetwise, but in reality he was not.（他看似适应都市的生活，但事实上并非如此。） real adj. 真的；真正的；真实的 really adv. 事实上；真正地；真实地 realistic adj. 现实的；实事求是的 realize v. 实现；意识到 核心辨析：reality & truth reality 侧重于客观存在，指实际看到、经历过的事物，或者与想象、虚构相对立的客观现实 （如：This is not imagination but reality. 这不是想象，而是现实。） truth 侧重于与实际相符，强调符合事实、没有虚假或错误 （如：He told the truth. 他说了真话。） extension /ɪkˈstenʃn/ n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分机 (1) an extension of something：某事物的延伸 / 扩展 The article is an extension of the ideas Professor Fox developed in an earlier book.（这篇文章进一步发展了福克斯教授在先前出版的著作中阐述的观点。） (2) by extension：推而广之、进而、当然地 His report contained serious criticisms of the finance director, and, by extension, of the entire board of management.（他的报告对财务总监进行了严厉批评，进而又涉及到了整个管理委员会。） extend v.延长；延伸；扩大；伸出；给予(正式) extensive adj. 广阔的；广大的；大量的 核心辨析：extension & expansion extension 侧重于线性或时间上的延长，或者在原有基础上附加新的部分（如：延期、扩建一个房间、延长线、接发）。 expansion 侧重于体积、数量、范围或重要性上的整体扩大，通常是向多个方向扩张（如：expand the business 扩大业务、金属受热膨胀）。 extension /ɪkˈstenʃn/ n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分机 extension /ɪkˈstenʃn/ n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分机 (1) extend sth to sb 向某人给予 / 提供某物 We extend our deepest sympathy to the victims.我们向受灾者致以最深切的慰问。 (2) extend from A to B 从 A 绵延至 B The mountain range extends from the north to the southern border. (3) be extended to… 被扩大至；延长至 The new policy will extend free medical care to more low-income families in remote areas.这项新政策将把免费医疗服务覆盖到更多偏远地区的低收入家庭。 Task 1 Word Transformation : extend / extension / extensive Farmers hope to ________ the planting area of high-yield rice. The wide ________ of hybrid rice has solved food shortages. This research covers an ________ range of farmland experiments. The ________ of rice production brings benefits to poor areas. extend extensive extension Task 2 Error correction The extend of rice fields feeds more people around the world. We want extension the technology of seawater rice nationwide. This project has extension agricultural value. extend → extension extension → to extend extension extension → extensive in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流 in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流 动词短语（最高频） (1) turn out 结果是；证明是; 生产；出席 What seemed a disaster at first turned out to be a precious life lesson that shaped his character.起初看似一场灾难，到头来却成了塑造他品格的宝贵人生一课。 (2) turn to sb/sth 求助于；转向（学习 / 研究） When teenagers feel anxious and confused, many of them fail to turn to their parents for sincere communication.当青少年感到焦虑迷茫时，很多人不会主动向父母敞开心扉寻求沟通。 in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流 动词短语（最高频） (3) turn into变成；成为 Continuous small progress will gradually turn into outstanding achievements as long as we hold on to our goals.只要坚守目标，持续微小的进步终会转化为亮眼的成就。 (4) turn down ① 拒绝（提议、邀请） ② 调低（音量、温度） He politely turned down the high-paying job abroad, for he intended to devote himself to local education.他婉拒了国外高薪工作，决心投身家乡教育事业。 in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流 动词短语（最高频） (5) turn up① 出现，到场 ② 调高音量 No one expected that the expert who was supposed to give a speech would turn up at the last minute.没人料到原定演讲的那位专家会在最后一刻现身。 (6) turn off关闭；使失去兴趣 Overuse of short videos turns most teenagers off deep thinking and concentrated reading.过度刷短视频让大多数青少年丧失深度思考与静心阅读的兴趣。 in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流 动词短语（最高频） (7) turn on打开；使产生兴趣 This documentary about nature turns children on to exploring the mysteries of the ecosystem.这部自然纪录片激发了孩子们探索生态奥秘的兴趣。 (8) turn over ① 翻转 ② 仔细考虑 ③ 移交 Before making a final decision, he turned over all possible advantages and disadvantages in his mind.做出最终决定前，他在脑中仔细权衡了所有利弊。 in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流 动词短语（最高频） (9) turn around扭转；好转；转身 With effective policy support, the local economy quickly turned around after years of decline.在有效的政策扶持下，当地经济在多年衰退后迅速回暖。 (10) turn away回绝；不让进入 The hospital cannot turn away patients even when its medical resources are limited. 即便医疗资源有限，医院也不能拒收病人。 in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流 名词固定搭配 (1) take turns (to do/doing) 轮流做某事 Students take turns to share their opinions so that everyone’s voice can be heard in group discussions.小组讨论中学生轮流发言，确保每个人的想法都能被听见。 (2) It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 It’s your turn to deliver a speech on the importance of expanding personal horizons.轮到你上台分享拓宽个人视野的重要性了。 Task 1 Write the Chinese meaning turn out ____________ turn to sb. for help ____________ turn down the plan ____________ turn up at the meeting ____________ turn over the soil ____________ 结果是，证明是 出席会议；露面 向某人求助 拒绝这项方案 翻耕土地；仔细思考 Task 2 Fill in blanks (prepositions: to / out / down / up / over) Yuan always turned ______ his experiments when facing doubts. The research turned ______ a great success in the end. He didn’t turn ______ until all the field work was finished. The scientist turned ______ the prize money and donated it. You should turn ______ every piece of land carefully before planting. to up out down over Task 3 Complete sentences Many young scientists （向袁隆平寻求指导）. All the years of hard work ________________________（最终带来了高产水稻）. turned to Yuan Longping for guidance turned out high-yield rice turned up Task 4 Short passage filling：(turn to, turned out, turn down, turned up) Lots of reporters ______ to interview Yuan. Some companies offered him money, but he them. Whenever confused, he would ______(3) rice fields for answers. All his efforts amazing progress for global food supply. turned down turn to turned out essential /ɪˈsenʃl/ adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的 (1) be essential to /for … 对…… 必不可少 Perseverance and self-discipline are qualities essential to anyone who intends to attain long-term goals.毅力与自律是所有想要实现长远目标的人不可或缺的品质。 Regular communication is absolutely essential for overcoming misunderstandings between family members.定期沟通对于化解家人之间的隔阂至关重要。 essence n. [U]本质；实质 in essence 从本质上讲 essentially adv. 本质上；根本地 essential /ɪˈsenʃl/ adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的 (2) It is essential (for sb) to do sth （对某人来说）做某事很重要 It is essential to expand our horizons through reading if we hope to form objective judgments of the world.若想对世界形成客观认知，通过阅读拓宽视野是必不可少的。 (3) It is essential that ... (should) do ... 做……很有必要 It is essential that we (should) take immediate action.我们必须立刻采取行动。 It is essential that teenagers master independent thinking rather than merely accept conventional ideas blindly.青少年必须学会独立思考，而非一味盲从传统观念。 💡 核心辨析：essential & necessary & indispensable & vital essential：语气最强，强调属于事物本质的、核心的要素，暗含“如果缺少该部分，事物就会失去本质特征或无法存在”的意味（如：Water is essential for life.）。 necessary：最普通的用词，侧重于客观上不可避免的需要，但并非绝对不可缺。 indispensable：强调客观上绝对不可缺少，否则就无法维持生命或做不成某事（如：Warm clothing is indispensable in cold weather.）。 vital：正式用词，侧重于维持生命、活力必不可少的，或生死攸关的。 Task 1 Word transformation (essential / essentially / essence) Sunlight is ________ to all rice plants. ________, hybrid rice solves the core problem of food shortage. Hard work lies at the ________ of Yuan’s success. These tools are daily ________ for field experiments. essential essence Essentially essentials Task 2 Complete sentences Fresh soil and enough sunshine （对水稻生长必不可少） ________________________（记录数据至关重要）when you study new rice types. are essential to the growth of rice It is essential to record data alternative /ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv/ n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的；非传统的 (1) an alternative to sth …… 的替代品 / 替代选择 Cycling is a cheap and environmentally friendly alternative to driving private cars in crowded cities.在拥挤的城市里，骑行是私家车经济又环保的替代出行方式。 (2) have no alternative/choice but to do sth 除了做某事别无选择 =can do nothing but do sth We have no alternative but to overcome all obstacles and stick to our original dream.我们别无选择，只能冲破一切阻碍，坚守最初的梦想。 alternate v. 交替，轮流；adj. 交替的 alternatively adv. 或者；作为替代 Unit 5 Working the Land Unit 5 Thank You ! Words and Expressions 新人教选必一 $