Unit5 Working the land Words and Expressions课件+学案-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

Unit5 Working the land Words and Expressions word study Unit 5 Working the land Word formation 1. domestic adj.国内的，本国的；家用的，家庭的→_____________adv.国内地；家庭式地；适合国内地 2. consumption n.消耗；消耗量；消费→__________ v.消耗；耗费→__________ n.消费者 3. generate v.产生，引起→__________ n. 一代（人）；产生→__________ n.发电机；产生者→ __________ v.恶化，堕落，退化 4. envision v.想象，展望→ __________ n.想象；视力；视野；影像；远见卓识 5. reality n.现实；实际情况；事实→__________adj.真的；现实的→__________adj.不真实的；假的→__________ adv.真正地；事实上→__________vt.认识到，明白 6. salty adj. 含盐的；咸的→__________n.食盐 domestically consume consumer generation generator degenerate vision real unreal really realise salt 7.urban adj.城市的，城镇的→__________ adj.郊区的，城郊的→ __________adj.农村的，乡村的 8.intense adj.热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的→__________adv.强烈地，专注地→__________n.增强；加剧；紧张 9.expand vt.&vi.扩大；增加　vt.扩展；发展(业务)→__________ n.扩大；膨胀 10.estimate vt.估计;估价;估算 n.估计;估算→ __________n.估计，估算→ ______________v. 过高估计→_____________v.低估；轻视，小看 11.mineral n.矿物质；矿物→__________n.矿，矿井；地雷 v.开采，开矿 12.alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的;非传统的→__________ v. （使）交替，（使）轮流 13.depth n.向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)→__________adj.深的；纵深的→__________adv.非常；深刻地→__________ v.（使）变深，加深 suburban rural intensely intensity expansion estimation overestimate underestimate mine alternate deep deeply deepen 14. entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地→_________adj.完全的；完整的 15. bomb n.炸弹 v.轰炸;对…投炸弹→_________n. 轰炸机；投弹手 16. extension n.扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→_________ v.使延长；扩大 17. chemical adj.与化学有关的；化学的　n.化学制品；化学品→_________n.化学→_________ n.化学家；药剂师 18. flavour n.味道;特点;特色→ ______________n.香料；调味料 19. nutrition n. 营养；滋养→____________adj. 营养(物)的→_________ adj. 有营养的；营养丰富的→_________n. 营养学家→_________ n.营养学 20. poverty n.贫穷；贫困→_________adj. 贫穷的→_________adv.贫穷地；贫乏地；不充分地 21.digest vt.&vi. 消化　vt.领会；领悟→_________n. 消化；消化能力；领悟→_________adj.助消化的 22.essential adj.完全必要的;极其重要的→ _________adv.本质上，根本上；大体上→_________n.本质；精华；精油 entire bomber extend chemistry chemist flavouring nutritional nutritious nutritionist nutriology poor poorly digestion digestive essentially essence 23. devote vt.把…献(给)；把…专用于；专心于→ _____________adj.挚爱的；忠诚的→ _____________ n.热爱；献身；专心；忠诚 24. shortage n.不足；缺少；短缺→ _____________adj.短的；缺乏的；不足的→ _____________v. (使)变短；缩短 25. boost vt.使增长;使兴旺 n.增长;提高;激励→ ________n.助推器；支持者；加强针 26. convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服→ _____________adj.确信的→ _____________adj.令人信服的 27. attain v.获得 →_____________n.达到，获得→_____________adj.可以获得的 28.conventional adj. 传统的；习惯的→ _____________n.惯例；习俗 29.assumption n.假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得→ _____________ v.假定；假设 devoted devotion short shorten booster convinced convincing attainment attainable convention assume 1. devote v. 把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于 ① devote oneself to (doing) sth. 献身于(做)某事；致力于(做)某事；专心于(做)某事 devote one’s life/time/money/energy to (doing) sth. 把某人的一生/时间/金钱/精力奉献于(做)某事 ② devoted adj.忠诚的；深爱的；投入的 be devoted to (doing)... 对……忠诚；深爱…… ③ devotion n.奉献；忠诚；深爱 1. A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others. 2. You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work. 3. Her devotion to the research left her with very little free time. “专心于，全神贯注于,致力于” be absorbed in be lost in be buried in be occupied in be engaged in be involved in focus on concentrate on fix one’s attention on be devoted to... be committed to ... be dedicated to ... ① (devote) to caring for his father, he didn’t go for a picnic with us. ②They devoted their spare time to (help) rebuild homes. ③His (devote) to work always earns him respect and praise from both his colleagues and students. ④If you have a job, and finally you’ll succeed. 如果你有一份工作，务必全身心投入，最终你会成功的。。 单句语法填空/完成句子 Devoted helping devotion do devote yourself to it 2. tackle vt. 解决(难题); 应付(局面); 处理 solve, do/deal with, handle, settle, address, approach To tackle this crisis, he chose to study argriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing. What is the best way of approaching this problem? This matter has been handled very badly. It’s time you settled your differences with your father. Your essay does not address the real issues. 3. convince v. 使相信；使确信；说服 1. You’ll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job. 2. We convinced Anny to go by train rather than by plane. 3. The government is trying to convince the public that it’s getting tough on corruption腐败. 4. I am convinced of her innocence. = I am convinced that she is innocent. ① convince sb. of sth. 使某人确信/明白某事 convince sb. that... 使某人相信…… convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 ② convincing adj.令人信服的 ③ convinced adj. 确信的；坚信的 be convinced (that)/of... (某人)坚信…… ① (convince) that the Belt and Road Initiative (“一带一路”倡议) will benefit China’s economy, we are optimistic about the future of our country. ②The worker still couldn’t make the old man convinced the safety of traveling by air. ③When I came home, I really considered quitting. However, I convinced myself (keep) at it and try harder. ④It was said that the police had found the (convince) evidence. ⑤Scientists the positive effect of laughter on physical and mental health. 科学家坚信笑对身心健康的积极影响。 单句语法填空/完成句子 Convinced of to keep convincing are convinced of 4. assumption n. 假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得 1. The project was predicated on the assumption that the economy was expanding. 2. It was impossible to make assumptions about people’s reactions. 3. It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work. 4. Assuming that you get a place at university, how are you going to finance your studies? ① make assumptions/an assumption (about) (对……)作出假设/假定；认为 on the assumption that... 假定…… ② assume v.假定；假设；承担；假装 assume sb. /sth. (to be)+adj./n 假定/认为某人/某事(为)…… It is assumed that... 人们认为…… ③ assuming conj.假定；假设 assuming (that)... 假设…… ①The (assume) that the price of the meat would go down before the festival was wrong in fact. ②We think it is reasonable (assume) they lived in the caves, regardless of the cold. ③We are working the assumption that everyone invited will turn up. ④ (assume) that we can’t get the necessary equipment, we will have to give it up. ⑤Websites and social networks track your location and record your search history to your age, race and sex. 网站和社交网络跟踪你的位置、记录你的搜索历史，以此来对你的年龄、民族和性别作出假设。 单句语法填空/完成句子 assumption to assume on Assuming make assumptions about 5. overcome v. 克服；解决；战胜 1. Tom struggled to overcome his shyness in public. 2. Bill was overcome with grief. 3. Overcome by great joy, they hugged together firmly as if they would never separate again. ① overcome difficulties/bad habits 克服困难/改掉恶习 overcome the fear 克服恐惧 overcome the enemy 战胜敌人 ② be overcome by/with sth. 被(某种情绪)控制，受到……的极大影响 = be overwhelmed by/with sth. 欣喜若狂 ①He (overcome) a lot of difficulties and succeeded. ②The learner of a second language has many obstacles (overcome). ③In the final game Sweden easily (overcome) France. ④One night, the boy was overcome curiosity and opened the box secretly. ⑤Were it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not . 如果没有老师的支持，这个学生就不可能克服她的困难。 单句语法填空/完成句子 overcame to overcome overcame by overcome her difficulty 6. estimate v. 估计；估价；估算 n.估计；估算 1. Experts estimate that the consumption of gas will increase by 10% next year. 2. The cost of building that railway is estimated at over 10 billion dollars. 3. It is estimated that total investment in the country will continue to increase this year. 4. The tree is estimated to be at least 700 years old. 5. I can give you a rough estimate of the amount of wood you will need. ① estimate sth. at sth. 估计……有…… It is estimated that... 据估计…… be estimated to be... 估计…… ② underestimate v. 低估 overestimate v. 高估 ①The mountain lion was estimated (be) about 2 years old and was not fully grown. ②It was difficult (estimate) how many trees had been destroyed. ③ ocean plastic kills millions of animals every year. 据估计，海洋塑料每年造成数百万动物死亡。 ④The first lesson I learned as a soldier was never ______________(estimate) the enemy. 单句语法填空/完成句子 to be to underestimate It is estimated that to estimate 7. consumption n.消耗；消耗量；消费 ① domestic consumption 国内消耗 annual consumption 年消耗量 consumption level 消费水平 ② consume vt.消耗；消费；吃；喝 consume one’s energy 消耗精力 consume vast amounts of money 花很多钱 be consumed by/with sth. 被······吞噬；充满（某种强烈的感情） ③ consumer n. 消费者 ① By contrast, __________ in the developed countries ________ the most energy in the world.(consume) ② In the developing world cigarette ___________ (consume) is increasing. ③ 翻译：那座旅馆很快被大火吞噬。 The hotel was quickly consumed by fire. ④ 翻译：我为自己的粗心而深感内疚。 I was consumed with guilt because of my carelessness. 单句语法填空/翻译句子 consumers consume consumption 8. comprise v. 包括；包含；由……组成(不用于进行时态) 1. The house comprises two bedrooms, a kitchen, and a living room. 2. Their diet consists largely of vegetables. 3. The committee is comprised of/consists of/is made up of/is composed of ten members. be comprised of 包括；包含；由……组成(或构成) “由...组成” consist of （无被动形式） ①Farmers (comprise) just 12 per cent of the country’s population. ②The class is comprised mainly Italian and French students. ③Life consists not only sunshine but also storms. ④The programme the following activities: recitation, singing, word spelling, story telling and so on. 该项目包括以下活动:背诵、唱歌、单词拼写、讲故事等。 单句语法填空/完成句子 comprise of of is comprised of celebrity envision sorghum broom grain vision urban adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的 urban rural chemical wheat a bomb goes off/explodes a tunnel full of nutritional value 富含营养价值 tasty and nutritious meals lemon-flavoured candy 柠檬味糖果 organic pesticide bacterium (pl. –ria /-riə/) in poverty 处于贫困中 poor adj. 贫穷的 poverty-stricken area 贫困区 ease, relieve alleviate suffering 减轻苦难 alleviate/relieve poverty 缓解贫困 alleviation n. 减轻；缓解 poverty alleviation 扶贫 9. alleviate vt.减轻；缓解 10. poverty n.贫穷；贫困 11. digest v. 消化 . 领会；领悟 n. 摘要；文摘 1. I have digested most of the important points in the book. 2. Protein digests slowly. 3. This is a digest of the week’s news. 4. Do you know that too much tea is bad for your digestion? a monthlty news digest 每月新闻摘要 digestion n.消化 have a good/poor digestion 消化能力强/弱 digestive adj. 消化的，助消化的 ①You should allow a little time after a meal for the food (digest). ② (digest) begins in the mouth with the action of saliva (唾液). ③The organization publishes regular digest of environmental statistics. ④As the saying goes, reading without reflecting is like eating . 俗话说，阅读不思考好比吃饭不消化。 单句语法填空/完成句子 to digest Digestion a without digesting 12. alternative n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的；非传统的 1. Either alternative is correct. 2. All the alternative routes are given to car drivers by computers. 3. We had no alternative but to fire Gibson. ① alternative energy 可替代能源 an alternative to... ……的替代品 have the alternative of doing sth. 有做某事的选择；可以做某事 have no alternative but to do sth. =have no choice but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事 ② alternatively adv.可供选择地 ①Minibuses with seats offer alternative to expensive taxis and crowded public transport. ②The police had no alternative but (set) the man free without enough evidence. ③We could drive all the way. (alternative), we could fly. ④In order to succeed, we failure bravely and learn from it. 为了成功，我们不得不勇敢地直面失败并从中吸取教训。 单句语法填空/完成句子 an to set Alternatively have no alternative but to face Thanks! Words and Expressions Lavf58.46.101 MHkIDCwFBFBGTS4eBzgTcigmI3wRJhZUaHITHioqHSwOeSV9fTguekZQEB4PIissYTojfSB0BkZKcwYgNiodCQoiEH19NipbTnUQew== $ Unit 5 Working the land 词汇学案 一、词形转换 1. domestic adj. 国内的，本国的；家用的，家庭的→__________adv. 国内地；家庭式地；适合国内地 1. consumption n. 消耗；消耗量；消费→__________ v. 消耗；耗费→__________ n. 消费者 1. generate v. 产生，引起→__________ n. 一代（人）；产生→__________ n. 发电机；产生者→ __________ v. 恶化，堕落，退化 1. envision v. 想象，展望→ __________ n. 想象；视力；视野；影像；远见卓识 1. reality n. 现实；实际情况；事实→__________adj. 真的；现实的→adj. 不真实的；假的→ adv. 真正地；事实上→__________vt. 认识到，明白 1. salty adj. 含盐的；咸的→__________n. 食盐 1. urban adj. 城市的，城镇的→__________ adj. 郊区的，城郊的→ __________adj. 农村的，乡村的 1. intense adj. 热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的→__________adv. 强烈地，专注地→__________n. 增强；加剧；紧张 1. expand vt.&vi. 扩大；增加　vt. 扩展；发展 (业务)→__________ n. 扩大；膨胀 1. estimate vt. 估计；估价；估算 n. 估计；估算→ __________n. 估计，估算→ ______________v. 过高估计→_____________v. 低估；轻视，小看 1. mineral n. 矿物质；矿物→__________n. 矿，矿井；地雷 v. 开采，开矿 1. alternative n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的；非传统的→__________ v. （使）交替，（使）轮流 1. depth n. 向下 (或向里) 的距离；深 (度)→__________adj. 深的；纵深的→adv. 非常；深刻地→ v.（使）变深，加深 1. entirely adv. 全部地；完整地；完全地→_________adj. 完全的；完整的 1. bomb n. 炸弹 v. 轰炸；对… 投炸弹→_________n. 轰炸机；投弹手 1. extension n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→_________ v. 使延长；扩大 1. chemical adj. 与化学有关的；化学的　n. 化学制品；化学品→n. 化学→ n. 化学家；药剂师 1. flavour n. 味道；特点；特色→ ______________n. 香料；调味料 1. nutrition n. 营养；滋养→___adj. 营养 (物) 的→ adj. 有营养的；营养丰富的→n. 营养学家→ n. 营养学 1. poverty n. 贫穷；贫困→_________adj. 贫穷的→_________adv. 贫穷地；贫乏地；不充分地 1. digest vt.&vi. 消化　vt. 领会；领悟→_________n. 消化；消化能力；领悟→_________adj. 助消化的 1. essential adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的→ _________adv. 本质上，根本上；大体上→_________n. 本质；精华；精油 1. devote vt. 把… 献 (给)；把… 专用于；专心于→ _____________adj. 挚爱的；忠诚的→ _____________ n. 热爱；献身；专心；忠诚 1. shortage n. 不足；缺少；短缺→ _____________adj. 短的；缺乏的；不足的→ _____________v. (使) 变短；缩短 1. boost vt. 使增长；使兴旺 n. 增长；提高；激励→ ________n. 助推器；支持者；加强针 1. convince vt. 使相信；使确信；说服→ _____________adj. 确信的→ _____________adj. 令人信服的 1. attain v. 获得 →_____________n. 达到，获得→_____________adj. 可以获得的 1. conventional adj. 传统的；习惯的→ _____________n. 惯例；习俗 1. assumption n. 假定；设定；(责任的) 承担；(权利的) 获得→ _____________ v. 假定；假设 二、重点词汇精讲精练 1. devote v. 把…… 献 (给)；把…… 专用于；专心于 （1）核心短语 1. devote oneself to (doing) sth. 献身于 (做) 某事；致力于 (做) 某事；专心于 (做) 某事 1. devote one’s life/time/money/energy to (doing) sth. 把某人的一生 / 时间 / 金钱 / 精力奉献于 (做) 某事 1. devoted adj. 忠诚的；深爱的；投入的，be devoted to (doing)... 对…… 忠诚；深爱…… 1. devotion n. 奉献；忠诚；深爱 （2）语境例句 1. A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others. 1. You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work. 1. Her devotion to the research left her with very little free time. （3）同义短语积累 “专心于，全神贯注于，致力于” 相关表达？ 1. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 （4）巩固练习 ① __________ (devote) to caring for his father, he didn’t go for a picnic with us. ② They devoted their spare time to __________ (help) rebuild homes. ③ His __________ (devote) to work always earns him respect and praise from both his colleagues and students. ④ If you have a job, __________ and finally you’ll succeed. （如果你有一份工作，务必全身心投入，最终你会成功的。） 2. tackle vt. 解决 (难题); 应付 (局面); 处理 （1）同义词汇积累solve, do/deal with, handle, settle, address, approach （2）语境例句 1. To tackle this crisis, he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing. 1. What is the best way of approaching this problem? This matter has been handled very badly. 1. It’s time you settled your differences with your father. Your essay does not address the real issues. 3. convince v. 使相信；使确信；说服 （1）核心短语 1. 1. convince sb. of sth. 使某人确信 / 明白某事 1. convince sb. that... 使某人相信…… 1. convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 1. convincing adj. 令人信服的 1. 1. convinced adj. 确信的；坚信的，be convinced (that)/of... (某人) 坚信…… （2）语境例句 1. You’ll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job. 1. We convinced Anny to go by train rather than by plane. 1. The government is trying to convince the public that it’s getting tough on corruption（腐败）. 1. I am convinced of her innocence. = I am convinced that she is innocent. （3）巩固练习 ① __________ (convince) that the Belt and Road Initiative (“一带一路” 倡议) will benefit China’s economy, we are optimistic about the future of our country. ② The worker still couldn’t make the old man convinced __________ the safety of traveling by air. ③ When I came home, I really considered quitting. However, I convinced myself __________ (keep) at it and try harder. ④ It was said that the police had found the __________ (convince) evidence. ⑤ Scientists __________ the positive effect of laughter on physical and mental health. （科学家坚信笑对身心健康的积极影响。） 4. assumption n. 假定；设定；(责任的) 承担；(权力的) 获得 （1）核心短语 1. make assumptions/an assumption (about) (对……) 作出假设 / 假定；认为 1. on the assumption that... 假定…… 1. assume v. 假定；假设；承担；假装，assume sb. /sth. (to be)+adj./n 假定 / 认为某人 / 某事 (为)……，It is assumed that... 人们认为…… 1. assuming conj. 假定；假设，assuming (that)... 假设…… （2）语境例句 1. The project was predicated on the assumption that the economy was expanding. 1. It was impossible to make assumptions about people’s reactions. 1. It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work. 1. Assuming that you get a place at university, how are you going to finance your studies? （3）巩固练习 ① The __________ (assume) that the price of the meat would go down before the festival was wrong in fact. ② We think it is reasonable __________ (assume) they lived in the caves, regardless of the cold. ③ We are working __________ the assumption that everyone invited will turn up. ④ __________ (assume) that we can’t get the necessary equipment, we will have to give it up. ⑤ Websites and social networks track your location and record your search history to __________ your age, race and sex. （网站和社交网络跟踪你的位置、记录你的搜索历史，以此来对你的年龄、民族和性别作出假设。） 5. overcome v. 克服；解决；战胜 （1）核心短语 1. overcome difficulties/bad habits 克服困难 / 改掉恶习 1. overcome the fear 克服恐惧 overcome the enemy 战胜敌人 1. be overcome by/with sth. 被 (某种情绪) 控制，受到…… 的极大影响（= be overwhelmed by/with sth.） （2）语境例句 1. Tom struggled to overcome his shyness in public. 1. Bill was overcome with grief. 1. Overcome by great joy, they hugged together firmly as if they would never separate again.（欣喜若狂） （3）巩固练习 ① He __________ (overcome) a lot of difficulties and succeeded. ② The learner of a second language has many obstacles __________ (overcome). ③ In the final game Sweden easily __________ (overcome) France. ④ One night, the boy was overcome __________ curiosity and opened the box secretly. ⑤ Were it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not __________. （如果没有老师的支持，这个学生就不可能克服她的困难。） 6. estimate v. 估计；估价；估算 n. 估计；估算 （1）核心短语 1. estimate sth. at sth. 估计…… 有…… 1. 1. It is estimated that... 据估计…… 1. be estimated to be... 估计…… 1. underestimate v. 低估 1. overestimate v. 高估 （2）语境例句 1. Experts estimate that the consumption of gas will increase by 10% next year. 1. The cost of building that railway is estimated at over 10 billion dollars. 1. It is estimated that total investment in the country will continue to increase this year. 1. The tree is estimated to be at least 700 years old. 1. I can give you a rough estimate of the amount of wood you will need. （3）巩固练习 ① The mountain lion was estimated __________ (be) about 2 years old and was not fully grown. ② It was difficult __________ (estimate) how many trees had been destroyed. ③ __________ ocean plastic kills millions of animals every year. （据估计，海洋塑料每年造成数百万动物死亡。） ④ The first lesson I learned as a soldier was never __________ (estimate) the enemy. 7. consumption n. 消耗；消耗量；消费 （1）核心短语 1. domestic consumption 国内消耗 annual consumption 年消耗量 consumption level 消费水平 1. consume vt. 消耗；消费；吃；喝，consume one’s energy 消耗精力，consume vast amounts of money 花很多钱，be consumed by/with sth. 被…… 吞噬；充满（某种强烈的感情） consumer n. 消费者 （2）巩固练习 ① By contrast, __________ in the developed countries ________ the most energy in the world.(consume) ② In the developing world cigarette ___________ (consume) is increasing. ③ 翻译：那座旅馆很快被大火吞噬。 ④ 翻译：我为自己的粗心而深感内疚。 8. comprise v. 包括；包含；由…… 组成 (不用于进行时态) （1）核心短语 1. be comprised of 包括；包含；由…… 组成 (或构成) （2）同义短语积累 “由…… 组成” 相关表达？ （3）语境例句 1. The house comprises two bedrooms, a kitchen, and a living room. 1. Their diet consists largely of vegetables. 1. The committee is comprised of/consists of/is made up of/is composed of ten members. （4）巩固练习 ① Farmers __________ (comprise) just 12 per cent of the country’s population. ② The class is comprised mainly __________ Italian and French students. ③ Life consists __________ not only sunshine but also storms. ④ The programme __________ the following activities: recitation, singing, word spelling, story telling and so on. （该项目包括以下活动：背诵、唱歌、单词拼写、讲故事等。） 9. alleviate vt. 减轻；缓解 （1）同义词汇积累 ease, relieve （2）核心短语 1. 1. alleviate suffering 减轻苦难 1. alleviate/relieve poverty 缓解贫困 1. alleviation n. 减轻；缓解 1. poverty alleviation 扶贫 10. poverty n. 贫穷；贫困 （1）核心短语 1. 1. in poverty 处于贫困中 1. poor adj. 贫穷的 1. poverty-stricken area 贫困区 11. digest v. 消化；领会；领悟 n. 摘要；文摘 （1）核心短语 1. a monthly news digest 每月新闻摘要 1. digestion n. 消化，have a good/poor digestion 消化能力强 / 弱 1. digestive adj. 消化的，助消化的 （2）语境例句 1. I have digested most of the important points in the book. 1. Protein digests slowly. 1. This is a digest of the week’s news. 1. Do you know that too much tea is bad for your digestion? （3）巩固练习 ① You should allow a little time after a meal for the food __________ (digest). ② __________ (digest) begins in the mouth with the action of saliva (唾液). ③ The organization publishes __________ regular digest of environmental statistics. ④ As the saying goes, reading without reflecting is like eating __________. （俗话说，阅读不思考好比吃饭不消化。） 12. alternative n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的；非传统的 （1）核心短语 1. alternative energy 可替代能源 an alternative to... …… 的替代品 1. have the alternative of doing sth. 有做某事的选择；可以做某事 1. have no alternative but to do sth. =have no choice but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事 1. alternatively adv. 可供选择地 （2）语境例句 1. Either alternative is correct. 1. All the alternative routes are given to car drivers by computers. 1. We had no alternative but to fire Gibson. （3）巩固练习 ① Minibuses with seats offer __________ alternative to expensive taxis and crowded public transport. ② The police had no alternative but __________ (set) the man free without enough evidence. ③ We could drive all the way. __________ (alternative), we could fly. ④ In order to succeed, we __________ failure bravely and learn from it. （为了成功，我们不得不勇敢地直面失败并从中吸取教训。） $You, 老兵不死，the great hero in a world one's face with Green shortest ever. He devoted his life, tackle the crisis, his mind. In a name, always places has change the farm way, but train goals. And so far RA shining star, he didn't follow the convention, expanding the look like the rising as to show power show and will always praises. Work has change. 发明go。So far he made our foot a shining star. Deep down in the soil, his . dreams took around visions. Feds full of healthy shoes, just with . flaps that would satisfy our bring work has change the faring. With that seems so far, he's made our foods up a shining star. He saw the reality of the hungry and and the future shining bright or getting with this. He also, to keep the Green healthy . from court. always places forecast changed the arming ways. A team goals that seems so far is our supply. A shining of his high bridge strain back ia, p, making the Green dia band good especial. I always places work has change the farming way, so a training goes. That is so far made our a shutting down. Hey, his efforts, legacy for we remember him with love s and bad as the one who change. You love a name. will always paces, work change, go so far he made our food a shining down your long, you always in our hearts, a great memory lives on for all to see. A hero's . journey . for . eternity.