2025-2026学年高二英语下学期期末考试（天津专用）外研版选择性必修第四册

**基本信息** 这份高二英语期末模拟卷以真实情境与人文素材为载体，融合语言能力与思维品质考查，适配天津卷命题趋势。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |英语知识运用|35/45|语法（时态、从句）、词汇（动词短语）|单项填空第7题以藻类建筑体现科技前沿，完形填空通过Sophie故事渗透心理健康教育| |阅读理解|20/50|细节理解、推理判断|C篇河流时间链接环保议题，D篇人与狗情感研究培养跨文化认知| |写作|6/35|概括表达、应用文写作|书面表达“最喜欢的中国诗人”强化文化传承，阅读表达第59题考查信息整合能力|

绝密★考试结束前 2025-2026学年高二下学期期末模拟卷（天津卷） 英语 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：130分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1．—Is Ms. Wang available, please? —________, please. I’ll just see if she is in the office. A．Go ahead B．With pleasure C．Hang on D．After you 2．________ the problem is solved, there is nothing to worry about. A．Ever since B．Even if C．As though D．Now that 3．It’s unwise to ________ others’ support without building your own confidence. A．bank on B．lie in C．go through D．cope with 4．He rushed into the classroom after the bell rang, only ________ the exam had already started. A．find B．to find C．finding D．found 5．The company launched a new product last month, ________ has become a bestseller in the market. A．that B．where C．which D．when 6．An expert, together with some assistants, ________ sent to help the team with the work when they met some difficulties. A．is B．was C．are D．were 7．According to the report, ________ algae-powered buildings enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment. A．creating B．created C．being created D．to be created 8．This online course _________, but you can still access and use the original version. A．has updated B．had updated C．has been updated D．had been updated 9．The injury has forced him to ________ from the competition. A．emerge B．benefit C．withdraw D．recover 10．We ______ worry about details, for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us. A．mustn’t B．daren’t C．needn’t D．can’t 11．He established his ________ as an honest businessman while working for IBM. A．reputation B．prospect C．capacity D．stability 12．I really want to go to a place for the summer vacation, especially ________ with beautiful scenery and unique culture. A．that B．this C．one D．it 13．— Professor Zhang, here is my book report. I’m sorry for the delay. — That’s OK. ________. A．Better late than never B．One is never too old to learn C．Failure is the mother of success D．Don’t throw the baby out with the bathwater 14．The coach praised the team for their ________ performance, which showed great dedication to the sport. A．curious B．violent C．negative D．passionate 15．________ our hobbies are, the Internet can connect us with others who enjoy the same hobbies, even if they live on the other side of the world. A．However B．Whenever C．Wherever D．Whatever 第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16-35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 In a small town called Maplewood there was a girl named Sophie. She was always worried about her 16 . She thought her nose was too big and her hair too messy. Each time she saw photos of film stars on social media, her 17 dropped even more. “I’ll never be as beautiful as them,” Sophie often thought. Because of these feelings, Sophie avoided social events and 18 spoke up in class. She was uneasy, thinking everyone was judging her for her looks. She even stopped 19 with her friends, feeling too 20 . One day, the school announced a talent show. Sophie’s best friend, Jenna, knew Sophie had a beautiful singing voice and encouraged her to 21 . “You should enter the talent show. You have a(n) 22 voice!” Jenna insisted. Sophie hesitated but 23 agreed, partly to please Jenna and partly to push herself out of her comfort 24 . As the day of the talent show 25 , Sophie practiced singing in front of her mirror. Despite her 26 , she knew she loved singing and wanted to give it a try. When the day arrived, Sophie was trembling with fear. She almost 27 but remembered Jenna’s support and decided to go on stage. When Sophie started singing, her voice was 28 at first, but as she continued, she forgot about her worries and just enjoyed the music. Her voice grew 29 and more confident with each note. By the time she finished, the audience burst into 30 . After the show, many people came up to her, praising her performance. Sophie’s heart filled with 31 and joy. This experience 32 how Sophie saw herself. She realized her worth was based on her 33 , and inner qualities, not her looks. She began participating more in school activities and 34 with her friends. Sophie learned to appreciate her unique self and became more confident. She understood that true 35 comes from within and that believing in herself was the most important thing. 16．A．happiness B．appearance C．education D．safety 17．A．energy B．interest C．hope D．confidence 18．A．rarely B．usually C．repeatedly D．occasionally 19．A．stepping down B．moving on C．hanging out D．pulling through 20．A．embarrassed B．bored C．shocked D．tired 21．A．advance B．participate C．plan D．test 22．A．exciting B．stretching C．convincing D．amazing 23．A．finally B．recently C．previously D．immediately 24．A．home B．life C．habit D．zone 25．A．continued B．ended C．approached D．arrived 26．A．pain B．anxiety C．loneliness D．regret 27．A．held on B．showed up C．pulled out D．passed by 28．A．desperate B．bitter C．cold D．shaky 29．A．stronger B．softer C．flatter D．harder 30．A．smiles B．screams C．whispers D．cheers 31．A．pride B．determination C．hope D．love 32．A．expanded B．confirmed C．changed D．challenged 33．A．efforts B．skills C．talents D．dreams 34．A．discussing B．reconnecting C．agreeing D．struggling 35．A．beauty B．respect C．passion D．strength 第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Stanford Summer Session provides high-achieving and ambitious students with a transformative educational experience at a world-class university. Here is a list of the courses. Cellphone Photography Instructor:Yanez, V Course Description: The course combines critical analysis of cellphone photography with the creation of photographic artworks that explore this specific medium’s experimental, social and documentary potential. Note:No lab fee. Limited enrollment (注册人数). Attendance at the first class required. Enrollment will be determined at the first class meeting. Human Rights and World Literature Instructor: David Palumbo Lui Course Description: This course has two components. The first will be a set of readings on the history of modern human rights. These readings will come from philosophy, history, political theory. The second component consists of novels and films that come from different locations in the world, each telling a good story. Technology and Inequality Instructor: Jihye Lee Course Description: This course will provide an introduction to the social, politienl, and economic inequalities arising in the digital age. It also functions as an introduction to entry-level data science whereby you develop basic programming skills and apply them to present your group project. No previous programming experience is necessary. Public Speaking: Romancing the Room Instructor: James Wagstaffe Course Description: A practical approach to the art of public speaking. The course aims to develop skills in speech types including those used for personal communication, interviews, demonstrations, persuading, and special occasions. Materials include video tapes, texts of famous speeches, and a final dinner program of speeches. Students evaluate presentations by others. ＄55 materials fee. 36．What should students taking Yanez, V’s class keep in mind? A．They must show up at the first class. B．They will be charged for using labs. C．They should have programming experience. D．They need to bring their photographic works. 37．The readings on the history of modern human rights will NOT come from_______. A．philosophy B．history C．psychology D．political theory 38．What is Jihye Lee expert at? A．Cellphone photography. B．Social psychology. C．Movie review. D．Computer science. 39．What will James Wagstaffe teach students? A．To make wonderful videotapes. B．To give public speeches skillfully. C．To organize successful dinner parties. D．To write about their personal experiences. 40．Which course charges materials fee? A．Cellphone Photography. B．Technology and Inequality. C．Human Rights and World Literature. D．Public Speaking: Romancing the Room. B “If you could have any three things, what would you want?” Eleven-year-old Ruby Kate Chitsey loves asking that question, but it’s not a game. She asks it at nursing homes. Even more amazing, she then sets out to make the residents’ (住户) wishes come true. Ruby Kate has long been close to older folks. Her mother, Amanda Chitsey, is a nurse who works at nursing homes in northwest Arkansas, and Ruby Kate often stays with her in the summer. Last May, Ruby Kate noticed a resident named Pearl staring out a window. She seemed sad. “What are you looking at?” Ruby Kate asked. Pearl said she was watching her dog being led away by his new owner after a visit. Pearl didn’t know when she would see her dog again. Ruby Kate and Amanda asked around and discovered that the nursing home didn’t allow residents to have dogs and Pearl couldn’t afford to pay anyone to look after hers. So Ruby Kate decided to do something. Amanda began her project by asking residents to name the three things they wanted most in life. “This way seems easier than asking, ’What do you want?’” she explained. “It helps people communicate their needs more clearly.” At first she worried that people might request cars and other things an 11-year-old wouldn’t be able to provide. Instead, they expressed hopes to receive chocolate bars, pants that fit properly, and even wanted someone to talk to. “It broke me,” Amanda says. “We left the nursing home that day and went straight to a store and bought as many items as we could.” They granted the wishes of about 100 people in three months. Then they started asking for donations. The good people of Harrison responded enthusiastically, so much so that Amanda set up a GoFundMe page, Three Wishes for Ruby’s Residents, hoping to collect $5,000, which was realized in a month. Then it became a nonprofit and planned to start its first nationwide donation. Ruby Kate doesn’t plan to stop there. “I consider kindness to be my hobby,” she says, “and I’m very good at it.” By making kindness a part of life, she shows that even small acts can bring big happiness. 41．Why did Ruby ask nursing home residents what they wanted most? A．To satisfy her own curiosity. B．To show her sympathy to them. C．To help them realize their wishes. D．To check on their living conditions. 42．How did Ruby get the idea to ask residents the question? A．By working together with her mother. B．By noticing what happened to a resident. C．By helping a resident get back her dog. D．By living with older folks for a long time. 43．What shocked Amanda after she got the answers from the residents? A．They just asked for some simple items. B．What they needed were some luxuries. C．What they wanted were beyond her reach. D．They were poorly treated in the nursing home. 44．What does the underlined word “granted” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Ignored. B．Promised. C．Met. D．Denied. 45．How does Ruby Kate view kindness? A．As a passion she is skilled at. B．As a task adults should finish. C．As a duty she performed. D．As a game kids love playing. C Early fifth-century philosopher St. Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him. Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it. Today’s state-of-the-art atomic (原子的) clocks have proven Einstein right. Even advanced physics can’t decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you’re asking. Forget about time as an absolute. What if, instead of considering time in terms of astronomy, we related time to ecology? What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo (节奏) of human life? We’re increasingly aware of the fact that we can’t control Earth systems with engineering alone, and realizing that we need to moderate (调节) our actions if we hope to live in balance. What if our definition of time reflected that? Recently, I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that’s connected to circumstances on our planet, conditions that might change as a result of global warming. We’re now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers, which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes. We’ve programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate. If the rivers run faster in the future on average, the clock will get ahead of standard time. If they run slower, you’ll see the opposite effect. The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics. It’s a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame (时间框架), and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones. Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in in harmony with the planet. Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies. Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars, early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena. In pre-Classical Greece, for instance, people “corrected” official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season. Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival. Likewise, river time and other timekeeping systems we’re developing may encourage environmental awareness. When St. Augustine admitted his inability to define time, he highlighted one of time’s most noticeable qualities: Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context. Any timekeeping system is valid, and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose. 46．What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? A．Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature. B．Everyone can define time on their own terms. C．The qualities of time vary with how you measure it. D．Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists. 47．The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to ________. A．present an assumption B．evaluate an argument C．highlight an experiment D．introduce an approach 48．What can we know about the new river clock? A．It mainly records seasonal changes of rivers. B．It runs faster when rivers flow more slowly. C．It can show both instant and long-term river changes. D．It has already been widely used in people’s daily life. 49．What can we learn from this passage? A．Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life. B．New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems. C．Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower. D．Modern technology may help to shape the rivers’ temporal frame. 50．What is the author’s attitude towards the new river timekeeping system? A．Doubtful. B．Favourable. C．Uncaring. D．Cautious. D Think about your habits with dogs. Do you send them to daycare, dress them up, and bring them on vacations? Do you talk to them like a baby? If so, you’re not alone: research suggests our brains respond in the same way to pet dogs as they do to human children. Our brains were not always tuned this way. As we domesticated dogs, they evolved human-like social and cognitive abilities. They came to act and even look like babies, and we began to see them as such. Zachary Silver, director of the Animal Cognition Lab at Occidental College, isn’t surprised: over thousands of years, people selected dogs for kindness, affection, and attentiveness to human signals. Evolutionary time explains present feelings. Alison LaCoss, a mother of three, felt an overwhelming desire to love them and protect her newborns — and later Shio and Babka, the dogs she adopted. A 2014 brain-imaging study of mothers viewing photos of their children and their dogs found significant overlap (重叠): the amygdala (杏仁体) lit up, as did regions for reward, memory, social cognition, and facial processing. The women also reported similar pleasantness and excitement when looking at pictures of kids and dogs. Important differences remain. Certain midbrain regions responded more strongly to children, indicating the brain still recognizes species boundaries. LaCoss admits she does feel distinctly proud watching her kids reach milestones dogs never will, yet her desire to meet Shio and Babka’s needs is just as intense. Silver argues that because dogs reliably generate these responses, the relationship for many people now equals the importance of a biological relative. Neurochemistry deepens the connection. Behaviors such as eye contact, play, and physical affection increase oxytocin (催产素) levels, which in turn reinforces the very behaviors that strengthen the bond. As one paper states dogs have “hijacked” the human caregiving pathway: when a dog gazes with “puppy eyes” or runs over when called, oxytocin rises, activating the caregiving system that evolved to protect babies and motivating us to nurture, comfort, and guard our companions. Domestication also shaped appearances and skills. Humans favored dogs that tracked our gaze, cooperated, and signaled with expressive faces. Modern dogs have rounder heads, larger eyes, and eyebrow muscles that create sadness, curiosity, and joy — features humans find irresistible. They play like kids, think like toddlers, and appear vulnerable, inviting care. You don’t need a scan to feel the bond is parental; for many, dogs are family. As LaCoss says, “My home isn’t home without them.” 51．Why does Zachary Silver consider dogs’ evolution unsurprising? A．Dogs naturally developed speech comprehension. B．Human selection enhanced dogs’ social abilities. C．Wolves transformed into companion animals. D．Biological evolution increased dogs’ intelligence. 52．The author cited the 2014 brain-imaging study in paragraph 3 to . A．contrast neural responses to children and dogs B．provide evidence for a shared caregiving system C．explain why dogs are better companions than other pets D．demonstrate the uniqueness of parental instincts 53．According to the passage, what is a key neurological difference in how humans respond to children and dogs? A．Dogs lead to stronger reward system activity. B．Dogs produce weaker emotional brain responses. C．Children cause a stronger midbrain response. D．Children activate the amygdala more weakly. 54．What does the phrase “have hijacked the human caregiving pathway” suggest about dogs? A．They have taken over human parenting duties. B．They have evolved to replace human children. C．They have influenced people through emotional signals. D．They have aroused humans’ natural nurturing responses. 55．By saying “My home isn’t home without them,” LaCoss aims to . A．highlight dogs’ irreplaceable emotional role B．describe dogs as bridges to family bonds C．reveal dogs’ capacity to find real sympathy D．prove the necessity of keeping pets in families 第二部分:写作(共两节，满分35分) 第一节：阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分) 阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容完成下列各题。 I may not be a “bad” runner, but I am slow. The farthest I have ever run is 6km, and it happened because I was going to a pub at the other end. When you first start running, people get you excited about experiencing the “runner’s high”, that magical, physiological (生理的) sense of extreme excitement you get from really pushing your body. I’ve never run fast enough, or far enough, to get close to that extraordinary phenomenon, but what I have experienced, however, is the “runner’s smugness (自鸣得意)”. I’ve been running now for four years. I had tried to become a runner before, downloading the Couch to 5K app. I thought maybe this was something that could help my anxiety, too. But it didn’t stick. It felt impossible to jog for a whole minute. Plus, there were just too many other, less horrible-feeling things I could be doing. That changed in 2020. Suddenly, I had too much time and increasing anxiety that I needed to get on top of it. So I reopened the app and started running again. Over time, I got better. I could run for a minute, no problem. Then three, then five, and then eight. Finally, I did it: I reached the 5 km mark. It was slow. I certainly stopped several times. I got home and collapsed straight into an armchair. And so there lies the smugness: I did something. I managed to put on my sneakers and running outfit, leave the house for 30 minutes and go for a run. Over the years, I’ve noticed that running reduces my anxiety. On a particularly anxious day, running can help me get out of my head or, at the very least, give me something else to do for half an hour. For me, running isn’t about the “runner’s high”. It’s about the small, everyday achievement of doing something I know will make me feel better in the long run. Feeling smug about these little wins is enough. 56．What is “runner’s high” according to the passage?(no more than 10 words) 57．Why did the author first start running?(no more than 15 words) 58．What does the underlined phrase “get on top of” in Paragraph 4 mean?(no more than 3 words) 59．What is the main idea of Paragraph 5?(no more than 15 words) 60．Do you think “little wins” matters? Why or why not?(no more than 20 words) 第二节：书面表达（满分25分） 61．假如你是李津，你校英语角下周举办以“我最喜欢的中国诗人”为主题的英语演讲比赛，请你用英语写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：(1)人物简介；(2)喜欢的理由。 1.短文内容不少于100词； 2.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入词数； 3.可适当发挥，以使行文连贯。 Good afternoon, everyone! ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you for listening! 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 绝密★考试结束前 2025-2026学年高二下学期期末模拟卷（天津卷） 英语 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：130分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1．—Is Ms. Wang available, please? —________, please. I’ll just see if she is in the office. A．Go ahead B．With pleasure C．Hang on D．After you 【答案】C 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——王女士现在有空吗？——请稍等一下。我先去看看她是否在办公室里。A. Go ahead好吧；B. With pleasure乐意效劳；C. Hang on稍等；D. After you您先请。根据后文“I’ll just see if she is in the office.”可知是让对方等一等，故选C。 2．________ the problem is solved, there is nothing to worry about. A．Ever since B．Even if C．As though D．Now that 【答案】D 【详解】考查连词短语词义辨析。句意：既然问题已经解决了，就没什么好担心的了。A. Ever since自从；B. Even if即使；C. As though好像；D. Now that既然。根据句意，“the problem is solved”与“there is nothing to worry about”之间为因果关系，所以此处应为“Now that”引导原因状语从句。故选D项。 3．It’s unwise to ________ others’ support without building your own confidence. A．bank on B．lie in C．go through D．cope with 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果不去建立自己的信心，而一味指望他人的支持，那是不明智的。A. bank on依靠，指望；B. lie in在于；C. go through通过；D. cope with应对。根据后文“others’ support without building your own confidence.”指不去建立自己的信心，而一味指望他人的支持，故选A。 4．He rushed into the classroom after the bell rang, only ________ the exam had already started. A．find B．to find C．finding D．found 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：铃声响后他冲进教室，结果却发现考试已经开始了。此处为非谓语动词作状语，“only+不定式”结构常用来表示出乎意料的结果，符合“冲进教室后意外发现考试已开始”的语境。故选B项。 5．The company launched a new product last month, ________ has become a bestseller in the market. A．that B．where C．which D．when 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：该公司上个月推出了一款新产品，该产品在市场上大受欢迎，成为了畅销品。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词product ，在从句作主语，指物，故用which。故选C。 6．An expert, together with some assistants, ________ sent to help the team with the work when they met some difficulties. A．is B．was C．are D．were 【答案】B 【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：当他们遇到一些困难时，一位专家和一些助手被派去帮助这个团队做这项工作。根据时间状语从句中的谓语动词met可知，此处使用一般过去时，send与主语之间为被动关系，所以此处使用一般过去时的被动语态，根据“就远原则”，两个主语部分由“A together with B”连接时，谓语动词的单复数取决于前者（A），本句是An expert。故选B项。 7．According to the report, ________ algae-powered buildings enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment. A．creating B．created C．being created D．to be created 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：根据报告，建造以藻类为动力的建筑能让我们与环境更加和谐地共处。此处为非谓语动词作主语，结合句意，此处表示主动意义，所以此处使用creating。故选A项。 8．This online course _________, but you can still access and use the original version. A．has updated B．had updated C．has been updated D．had been updated 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这个在线课程已经更新，但你仍然可以访问和使用原始版本。根据“you can still access and use the original version”可知，此处暗示课程已经更新，但仍可使用原版本。主语This online course与谓语update为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态。故选C项。 9．The injury has forced him to ________ from the competition. A．emerge B．benefit C．withdraw D．recover 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：伤病迫使他退出了比赛。A. emerge出现；B. benefit受益；C. withdraw退出；D. recover恢复。根据上文的“The injury”以及下文的“from the competition”可知，此处指的是因受伤被迫退赛，所以“withdraw from”意为“从……中退出”，符合“因伤病无法继续参与比赛”的语境。故选C项。 10．We ______ worry about details, for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us. A．mustn’t B．daren’t C．needn’t D．can’t 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我们不必为细节而烦恼，因为我们的队友会尽全力帮助我们。A. mustn’t禁止；B. daren’t不敢；C. needn’t不必；D. can’t不能。根据“for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us”以及句意可知，因为我们队友会全力帮助我们，所以我们“不必”为细节烦恼。故选C。 11．He established his ________ as an honest businessman while working for IBM. A．reputation B．prospect C．capacity D．stability 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他在为IBM工作期间树立了自己诚实商人的好名声。A. reputation名誉，名声；B. prospect可能性前景；C. capacity能力；D. stability稳定性。后文“as an honest businessman”指树立了自己诚实商人的好名声。故选A。 12．I really want to go to a place for the summer vacation, especially ________ with beautiful scenery and unique culture. A．that B．this C．one D．it 【答案】C 【详解】考查代词辨析。句意：我真的想去一个地方过暑假，尤其是一个有美丽风景和独特文化的地方。句中“especially ________ with beautiful scenery and unique culture”是对前文“a place”的补充说明，需要一个代词指代“a place”（泛指一个地方）。选项A“that”通常指代前文提到的同类事物中特指的单数可数名词或不可数名词，此处是泛指，不符合；选项B“this”指近处的事物，表特指，不符合语境；选项C“one”用于泛指前文提到的同类事物中的一个，相当于“a+单数可数名词”，符合“泛指一个有美景和独特文化的地方”的语义；选项D“it”指代前文提到的同一事物，而此处是泛指另一个符合条件的地方，并非同一个，排除。故选C项。 13．— Professor Zhang, here is my book report. I’m sorry for the delay. — That’s OK. ________. A．Better late than never B．One is never too old to learn C．Failure is the mother of success D．Don’t throw the baby out with the bathwater 【答案】A 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——张教授，这是我的读书报告。很抱歉迟交了。——没关系。迟做总比不做好。A. Better late than never迟做总比不做好；B. One is never too old to learn活到老，学到老；C. Failure is the mother of success失败是成功之母；D. Don’t throw the baby out with the bathwate不要因小失大。根据语境和上文的“I’m sorry for the delay.”可知，此处应为用于回应“迟做某事”的情况，所以“迟做总比不做好”强调虽然延迟但完成总比未完成好，与“学生迟交报告，教授表示理解” 的语境完全匹配。故选A项。 14．The coach praised the team for their ________ performance, which showed great dedication to the sport. A．curious B．violent C．negative D．passionate 【答案】D 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：教练表扬了球队充满激情的表现，这显示出他们对这项运动的极大奉献精神。A. curious好奇的；B. violent暴力的；C. negative消极的；D. passionate充满激情的。根据“praised the team”以及“showed great dedication to the sport”可推知，教练表扬球队是因为他们的表现是积极正面且投入的，形容词passionate作定语，能体现出这种充满热情和投入的状态。故选D项。 15．________ our hobbies are, the Internet can connect us with others who enjoy the same hobbies, even if they live on the other side of the world. A．However B．Whenever C．Wherever D．Whatever 【答案】D 【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：无论我们的爱好是什么，互联网都能把我们和其他有相同爱好的人联系起来，即使他们住在世界的另一端。A. However无论怎样；B. Whenever无论何时；C. Wherever无论何地；D. Whatever无论什么。句中需要一个连词引导让步状语从句，连词在从句中作表语，结合句意，此处表示“无论什么”符合“无论爱好是什么”的语义。故选D项。 第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16-35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 In a small town called Maplewood there was a girl named Sophie. She was always worried about her 16 . She thought her nose was too big and her hair too messy. Each time she saw photos of film stars on social media, her 17 dropped even more. “I’ll never be as beautiful as them,” Sophie often thought. Because of these feelings, Sophie avoided social events and 18 spoke up in class. She was uneasy, thinking everyone was judging her for her looks. She even stopped 19 with her friends, feeling too 20 . One day, the school announced a talent show. Sophie’s best friend, Jenna, knew Sophie had a beautiful singing voice and encouraged her to 21 . “You should enter the talent show. You have a(n) 22 voice!” Jenna insisted. Sophie hesitated but 23 agreed, partly to please Jenna and partly to push herself out of her comfort 24 . As the day of the talent show 25 , Sophie practiced singing in front of her mirror. Despite her 26 , she knew she loved singing and wanted to give it a try. When the day arrived, Sophie was trembling with fear. She almost 27 but remembered Jenna’s support and decided to go on stage. When Sophie started singing, her voice was 28 at first, but as she continued, she forgot about her worries and just enjoyed the music. Her voice grew 29 and more confident with each note. By the time she finished, the audience burst into 30 . After the show, many people came up to her, praising her performance. Sophie’s heart filled with 31 and joy. This experience 32 how Sophie saw herself. She realized her worth was based on her 33 , and inner qualities, not her looks. She began participating more in school activities and 34 with her friends. Sophie learned to appreciate her unique self and became more confident. She understood that true 35 comes from within and that believing in herself was the most important thing. 16．A．happiness B．appearance C．education D．safety 17．A．energy B．interest C．hope D．confidence 18．A．rarely B．usually C．repeatedly D．occasionally 19．A．stepping down B．moving on C．hanging out D．pulling through 20．A．embarrassed B．bored C．shocked D．tired 21．A．advance B．participate C．plan D．test 22．A．exciting B．stretching C．convincing D．amazing 23．A．finally B．recently C．previously D．immediately 24．A．home B．life C．habit D．zone 25．A．continued B．ended C．approached D．arrived 26．A．pain B．anxiety C．loneliness D．regret 27．A．held on B．showed up C．pulled out D．passed by 28．A．desperate B．bitter C．cold D．shaky 29．A．stronger B．softer C．flatter D．harder 30．A．smiles B．screams C．whispers D．cheers 31．A．pride B．determination C．hope D．love 32．A．expanded B．confirmed C．changed D．challenged 33．A．efforts B．skills C．talents D．dreams 34．A．discussing B．reconnecting C．agreeing D．struggling 35．A．beauty B．respect C．passion D．strength 【答案】 16．B 17．D 18．A 19．C 20．A 21．B 22．D 23．A 24．D 25．C 26．B 27．C 28．D 29．A 30．D 31．A 32．C 33．C 34．B 35．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了苏菲总是担心自己的外表，没有自信，不愿意社交。后来在朋友的鼓励下参加了唱歌比赛，得到了大家的认可，也认识到真正的美来自内心，相信自己是最重要的事情。 16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她总是担心自己的外表。A. happiness幸福；B. appearance外表；C. education教育；D. safety安全。根据后文“She thought her nose was too big and her hair too messy.(她觉得自己的鼻子太大，头发太乱)”可知，她总是担心自己的外表。故选B。 17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每次她在社交媒体上看到电影明星的照片，她的信心就会下降得更多。A. energy能量；B. interest兴趣；C. hope希望；D. confidence自信。根据上文“She thought her nose was too big and her hair too messy.(她觉得自己的鼻子太大，头发太乱)”可知，本来就担心自己的外表，看到电影明星，自信就会下降得更多。故选D。 18．考查副词词义辨析。句意：由于这些情绪，苏菲回避社交活动，也很少在课堂上发言。A. rarely很少；B. usually通常；C. repeatedly重复地；D. occasionally偶尔。根据上文“Sophie avoided social events and”可知，因为自卑苏菲回避社交活动，也很少在课堂上发言。故选A。 19．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她甚至不再和朋友们出去玩了，觉得太尴尬了。A. stepping down退休；B. moving on前进；C. hanging out外出，闲逛；D. pulling through度过。根据上文“She was uneasy, thinking everyone was judging her for her looks.(她感到不安，觉得每个人都在以貌取人)”可知，她认为每个人都在以貌取人，所以不再和朋友外出了。故选C。 20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她甚至不再和朋友们出去玩了，觉得太尴尬了。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. bored厌倦的；C. shocked震惊的；D. tired疲惫的。根据上文“She was uneasy, thinking everyone was judging her for her looks.(她感到不安，觉得每个人都在以貌取人)”可知，不再出去玩是因为自己的外貌感到尴尬。故选A。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：苏菲最好的朋友珍娜知道苏菲有一副美丽的歌喉，鼓励她参加比赛。A. advance前进；B. participate参加；C. plan计划；D. test测试。根据后文“You should enter the talent show.(你应该参加才艺表演)”可知，朋友鼓励苏菲参加比赛。故选B。 22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“你有一副好嗓子!”珍娜坚持道。A. exciting令人激动的；B. stretching伸展；C. convincing令人信服的；D. amazing惊人的。根据上文“Sophie had a beautiful singing voice”可知，指苏菲有惊人的好嗓音。故选D。 23．考查副词词义辨析。句意：苏菲犹豫了一下，但最后还是同意了，一方面是为了取悦珍娜，另一方面是为了让自己走出舒适区。A. finally最后；B. recently最近；C. previously以前；D. immediately立即。根据后文“agreed, partly to please Jenna”可知，苏菲最后同意参加比赛。故选A。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：苏菲犹豫了一下，但最后还是同意了，一方面是为了取悦珍娜，另一方面是为了让自己走出舒适区。A. home家；B. life生活；C. habit习惯；D. zone区域。根据上文“push herself out of her comfort”可知，苏菲参加比赛也是为了让自己走出舒适区（comfort zone）。故选D。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着选秀日的临近，苏菲在镜子前练习唱歌。A. continued继续；B. ended结束；C. approached临近，靠近；D. arrived到达。根据上文“As the day of the talent show”指选秀日的临近，应用approached。故选C。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管她很焦虑，但她知道自己喜欢唱歌，想试一试。A. pain痛苦；B. anxiety焦虑；C. loneliness孤独；D. regret后悔。根据后文“When the day arrived, Sophie was trembling with fear.(当这一天到来的时候，苏菲吓得浑身发抖)”可知，苏菲对比赛感到焦虑。故选B。 27．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她差点退出，但想起珍娜的支持，她决定上台。A. held on坚持；B. showed up出现；C. pulled out退出；D. passed by路过。根据上文“When the day arrived, Sophie was trembling with fear.(当这一天到来的时候，苏菲吓得浑身发抖)”可知，苏菲十分害怕，差点退出。故选C。 28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当苏菲开始唱歌时，她的声音起初有些颤抖，但随着她继续唱下去，她忘记了她的烦恼，只是享受着音乐。A. desperate绝望的；B. bitter苦涩的；C. cold寒冷的；D. shaky颤抖的。呼应上文“Sophie was trembling with fear.”指声音因为害怕而颤抖。故选D。 29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的声音每一个音符都变得更有力、更自信。A. stronger更有力的；B. softer更柔软的；C. flatter更平的；D. harder更努力的。根据后文“and more confident with each note”可知，随着她继续唱下去，她忘记了她的烦恼，只是享受着音乐，她的声音每一个音符都变得更有力、更自信。故选A。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她唱完时，观众爆发出欢呼声。A. smiles微笑；B. screams尖叫；C. whispers低语；D. cheers欢呼。根据后文“After the show, many people came up to her, praising her performance.(演出结束后，许多人走到她面前，称赞她的表演)”可知，表演得到了观众的喜爱，观众爆发出欢呼声。故选D。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：苏菲的心里充满了骄傲和喜悦。A. pride骄傲；B. determination决心；C. hope希望；D. love爱。根据上文“After the show, many people came up to her, praising her performance.(演出结束后，许多人走到她面前，称赞她的表演)”可知，苏菲得到了称赞，心里充满了骄傲和喜悦。故选A。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这次经历改变了苏菲对自己的看法。A. expanded扩大；B. confirmed确认；C. changed改变；D. challenged挑战。根据后文“She realized her worth”可知，苏菲开始意识到自己的价值，说明这次经历改变了苏菲对自己的看法。故选C。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她意识到她的价值是基于她的才能和内在品质，而不是她的外表。A. efforts努力；B. skills技能；C. talents才能；D. dreams梦想。根据上文“After the show, many people came up to her, praising her performance.(演出结束后，许多人走到她面前，称赞她的表演)”此处指她有唱歌的才能，故选C。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她开始更多地参加学校活动，并与朋友们重新建立联系。A. discussing讨论；B. reconnecting重新连接；C. agreeing同意；D. struggling努力。根据上文“She began participating more in school activities and”可知，苏菲开始更多地参加学校活动，并与朋友们重新建立联系。故选B。 35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她明白真正的美来自内心，相信自己是最重要的事情。A. beauty美丽；B. respect尊重；C. passion激情；D. strength力量。根据上文“inner qualities, not her looks”以及后文“comes from within and that believing in herself”可知，她明白真正的美来自内心，相信自己是最重要的事情。故选A。 第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Stanford Summer Session provides high-achieving and ambitious students with a transformative educational experience at a world-class university. Here is a list of the courses. Cellphone Photography Instructor:Yanez, V Course Description: The course combines critical analysis of cellphone photography with the creation of photographic artworks that explore this specific medium’s experimental, social and documentary potential. Note:No lab fee. Limited enrollment (注册人数). Attendance at the first class required. Enrollment will be determined at the first class meeting. Human Rights and World Literature Instructor: David Palumbo Lui Course Description: This course has two components. The first will be a set of readings on the history of modern human rights. These readings will come from philosophy, history, political theory. The second component consists of novels and films that come from different locations in the world, each telling a good story. Technology and Inequality Instructor: Jihye Lee Course Description: This course will provide an introduction to the social, politienl, and economic inequalities arising in the digital age. It also functions as an introduction to entry-level data science whereby you develop basic programming skills and apply them to present your group project. No previous programming experience is necessary. Public Speaking: Romancing the Room Instructor: James Wagstaffe Course Description: A practical approach to the art of public speaking. The course aims to develop skills in speech types including those used for personal communication, interviews, demonstrations, persuading, and special occasions. Materials include video tapes, texts of famous speeches, and a final dinner program of speeches. Students evaluate presentations by others. ＄55 materials fee. 36．What should students taking Yanez, V’s class keep in mind? A．They must show up at the first class. B．They will be charged for using labs. C．They should have programming experience. D．They need to bring their photographic works. 37．The readings on the history of modern human rights will NOT come from_______. A．philosophy B．history C．psychology D．political theory 38．What is Jihye Lee expert at? A．Cellphone photography. B．Social psychology. C．Movie review. D．Computer science. 39．What will James Wagstaffe teach students? A．To make wonderful videotapes. B．To give public speeches skillfully. C．To organize successful dinner parties. D．To write about their personal experiences. 40．Which course charges materials fee? A．Cellphone Photography. B．Technology and Inequality. C．Human Rights and World Literature. D．Public Speaking: Romancing the Room. 【答案】36．A 37．C 38．D 39．B 40．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了斯坦福大学在暑假期间为成绩优异、志向远大的学生提供的课程。 【详解】36．细节理解题。根据Cellphone Photography部分的 “Attendance at the first class required. (必须上第一节课)”可知，上Yanez, V课的学生应该记住必须上第一节课。故选A。 37．细节理解题。根据Human Rights and World Literature部分的“These readings will come from philosophy, history, political theory.(这些阅读材料将来自哲学、历史、政治理论) ”可知，关于现代人权历史的读物的阅读来自哲学、历史和政治理论。C项“心理学”不包括在其中。故选C。 38．推理判断题。根据Technology and Inequality部分的“It also functions as an introduction to entry-level data science whereby you develop basic programming skills and apply them to present your group project. (它也作为入门级数据科学的介绍，在此您开发基本的编程技能，并应用它们来展示您的小组项目)”可知，该课程是入门级数据科学的介绍，可以开发学生的编程技能。由此推知，Jihye Lee擅长计算机科学。故选D。 39．细节理解题。根据Public Speaking: Romancing the Room部分的“Course Description: A practical approach to the art of public speaking. The course aims to develop skills in speech types including those used for personal communication, interviews, demonstrations, persuading, and special occasions.  (课程描述：公共演讲艺术的实用方法。该课程旨在培养语言类型的技巧，包括用于个人沟通、采访、演示、说服和特殊场合的技巧)”可知， James Wagstaffe会教学生熟练地进行公开演讲。故选B。 40．细节理解题。根据Public Speaking: Romancing the Room部分的“＄55 materials fee (55美元材料费)”可知，该课程会收取材料费。故选D。 B “If you could have any three things, what would you want?” Eleven-year-old Ruby Kate Chitsey loves asking that question, but it’s not a game. She asks it at nursing homes. Even more amazing, she then sets out to make the residents’ (住户) wishes come true. Ruby Kate has long been close to older folks. Her mother, Amanda Chitsey, is a nurse who works at nursing homes in northwest Arkansas, and Ruby Kate often stays with her in the summer. Last May, Ruby Kate noticed a resident named Pearl staring out a window. She seemed sad. “What are you looking at?” Ruby Kate asked. Pearl said she was watching her dog being led away by his new owner after a visit. Pearl didn’t know when she would see her dog again. Ruby Kate and Amanda asked around and discovered that the nursing home didn’t allow residents to have dogs and Pearl couldn’t afford to pay anyone to look after hers. So Ruby Kate decided to do something. Amanda began her project by asking residents to name the three things they wanted most in life. “This way seems easier than asking, ’What do you want?’” she explained. “It helps people communicate their needs more clearly.” At first she worried that people might request cars and other things an 11-year-old wouldn’t be able to provide. Instead, they expressed hopes to receive chocolate bars, pants that fit properly, and even wanted someone to talk to. “It broke me,” Amanda says. “We left the nursing home that day and went straight to a store and bought as many items as we could.” They granted the wishes of about 100 people in three months. Then they started asking for donations. The good people of Harrison responded enthusiastically, so much so that Amanda set up a GoFundMe page, Three Wishes for Ruby’s Residents, hoping to collect $5,000, which was realized in a month. Then it became a nonprofit and planned to start its first nationwide donation. Ruby Kate doesn’t plan to stop there. “I consider kindness to be my hobby,” she says, “and I’m very good at it.” By making kindness a part of life, she shows that even small acts can bring big happiness. 41．Why did Ruby ask nursing home residents what they wanted most? A．To satisfy her own curiosity. B．To show her sympathy to them. C．To help them realize their wishes. D．To check on their living conditions. 42．How did Ruby get the idea to ask residents the question? A．By working together with her mother. B．By noticing what happened to a resident. C．By helping a resident get back her dog. D．By living with older folks for a long time. 43．What shocked Amanda after she got the answers from the residents? A．They just asked for some simple items. B．What they needed were some luxuries. C．What they wanted were beyond her reach. D．They were poorly treated in the nursing home. 44．What does the underlined word “granted” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Ignored. B．Promised. C．Met. D．Denied. 45．How does Ruby Kate view kindness? A．As a passion she is skilled at. B．As a task adults should finish. C．As a duty she performed. D．As a game kids love playing. 【答案】41．C 42．B 43．A 44．C 45．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了11岁的Ruby Kate通过询问养老院住户愿望并努力帮他们实现，展现善意带来幸福。 【详解】41．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Even more amazing, she then sets out to make the residents’(住户) wishes come true. (更令人惊讶的是，她随后开始努力让住户们的愿望成真。)”可知，Ruby询问养老院住户最想要什么是为了帮助他们实现愿望。故选C。 42．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Last May, Ruby Kate noticed a resident named Pearl staring out a window. She seemed sad. (去年五月，Ruby Kate注意到一位名叫Pearl的住户正凝视着窗外。她看起来很悲伤。)”以及第四段中“So Ruby Kate decided to do something. (所以Ruby Kate决定做点什么。)”可知，Ruby是通过注意到一位住户发生的事情，从而产生询问住户这个问题的想法的。故选B。 43．细节理解题。根据第五段中“At first she worried that people might request cars and other things an 11-year-old wouldn’t be able to provide. Instead, they expressed hopes to receive chocolate bars, pants that fit properly, and even wanted someone to talk to. (起初，她担心人们可能会要求汽车和其他一个11岁孩子无法提供的东西。相反，他们表达了希望收到巧克力棒、合身的裤子，甚至希望有人能和他们说说话。)”可知，Amanda从住户那里得到答案后，感到震惊的是他们只要求一些简单的物品。故选A。 44．词句猜测题。根据第五段中“We left the nursing home that day and went straight to a store and bought as many items as we could. (那天我们离开了养老院，直接去了一家商店，买了尽可能多的东西。)”以及“the wishes of about 100 people in three months (三个月内约100人的愿望)”可知，他们买了尽可能多的东西，满足了大约100人的愿望。故granted的意思是“满足”。A. Ignored忽视；B. Promised承诺；C. Met满足；D. Denied拒绝。故选C。 45．细节理解题。根据最后一段中““I consider kindness to be my hobby,” she says, “and I’m very good at it.” (“我认为善良是我的爱好，”她说，“而且我很擅长。”)”可知，Ruby Kate认为善良是她擅长的一种热情。故选A。 C Early fifth-century philosopher St. Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him. Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it. Today’s state-of-the-art atomic (原子的) clocks have proven Einstein right. Even advanced physics can’t decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you’re asking. Forget about time as an absolute. What if, instead of considering time in terms of astronomy, we related time to ecology? What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo (节奏) of human life? We’re increasingly aware of the fact that we can’t control Earth systems with engineering alone, and realizing that we need to moderate (调节) our actions if we hope to live in balance. What if our definition of time reflected that? Recently, I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that’s connected to circumstances on our planet, conditions that might change as a result of global warming. We’re now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers, which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes. We’ve programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate. If the rivers run faster in the future on average, the clock will get ahead of standard time. If they run slower, you’ll see the opposite effect. The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics. It’s a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame (时间框架), and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones. Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in in harmony with the planet. Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies. Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars, early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena. In pre-Classical Greece, for instance, people “corrected” official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season. Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival. Likewise, river time and other timekeeping systems we’re developing may encourage environmental awareness. When St. Augustine admitted his inability to define time, he highlighted one of time’s most noticeable qualities: Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context. Any timekeeping system is valid, and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose. 46．What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? A．Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature. B．Everyone can define time on their own terms. C．The qualities of time vary with how you measure it. D．Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists. 47．The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to ________. A．present an assumption B．evaluate an argument C．highlight an experiment D．introduce an approach 48．What can we know about the new river clock? A．It mainly records seasonal changes of rivers. B．It runs faster when rivers flow more slowly. C．It can show both instant and long-term river changes. D．It has already been widely used in people’s daily life. 49．What can we learn from this passage? A．Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life. B．New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems. C．Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower. D．Modern technology may help to shape the rivers’ temporal frame. 50．What is the author’s attitude towards the new river timekeeping system? A．Doubtful. B．Favourable. C．Uncaring. D．Cautious. 【答案】46．C 47．D 48．C 49．B 50．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者由时间难定义引出生态计时新理念，介绍阿拉斯加河流时钟的原理与作用，佐证依托自然计时可提升环保意识。 【详解】46．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it. Today’s state-of-the-art atomic (原子的) clocks have proven Einstein right. Even advanced physics can’t decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you’re asking.(阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦增加了新的复杂性，即时间会随着测量地点的不同而变化。今天最先进的原子钟已经证明爱因斯坦是对的。即使是高级物理学也不能明确地告诉我们时间是什么，因为答案取决于你问的问题)”可知，第一段主要讲述了时间属性随测量方式改变。 47．推理判断题。根据第二段“What if, instead of considering time in terms of astronomy, we related time to ecology? What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo (节奏) of human life? We’re increasingly aware of the fact that we can’t control Earth systems with engineering alone, and realizing that we need to moderate (调节) our actions if we hope to live in balance. What if our definition of time reflected that?(如果我们不从天文学的角度考虑时间，而是将时间与生态学联系起来呢？如果我们让环境条件决定人类生活的节奏呢？我们越来越意识到，仅靠工程无法控制地球系统，并意识到，如果我们希望生活在平衡中，我们需要适度调整我们的行动。如果我们对时间的定义反映了这一点呢？)”以及第三段“Recently, I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that’s connected to circumstances on our planet, conditions that might change as a result of global warming.(最近，我提出了一种新的计时方法，这种方法与我们星球上的环境有关，这些环境可能会因全球变暖而发生变化)”可知，设问的目的是引出新型计时方案。 48．细节理解题。根据第四段“The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics. (这款时钟既能记录河水短期不规则波动，也能记录河流长期动态变化趋势)”可知，河流时钟可展现短期与长期河水变化。 49．细节理解题。根据第四段“Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies. (任何认为河流时间与原子时间相关的人都会遇到严重的不平衡，并可能有动力通过减少燃料消耗或支持更环保的政策来抵消这种不平衡)”可知，新式计时有益于调控地球生态系统。 50．推理判断题。根据第五段“Likewise, river time and other timekeeping systems we’re developing may encourage environmental awareness. (同样，我们正在开发的河流时间和其他计时系统可能会鼓励环保意识)”以及最后一段“Any timekeeping system is valid, and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose. (任何计时体系只要契合自身目标就合理、值得肯定)”可推知，作者对河流计时持赞同态度。 D Think about your habits with dogs. Do you send them to daycare, dress them up, and bring them on vacations? Do you talk to them like a baby? If so, you’re not alone: research suggests our brains respond in the same way to pet dogs as they do to human children. Our brains were not always tuned this way. As we domesticated dogs, they evolved human-like social and cognitive abilities. They came to act and even look like babies, and we began to see them as such. Zachary Silver, director of the Animal Cognition Lab at Occidental College, isn’t surprised: over thousands of years, people selected dogs for kindness, affection, and attentiveness to human signals. Evolutionary time explains present feelings. Alison LaCoss, a mother of three, felt an overwhelming desire to love them and protect her newborns — and later Shio and Babka, the dogs she adopted. A 2014 brain-imaging study of mothers viewing photos of their children and their dogs found significant overlap (重叠): the amygdala (杏仁体) lit up, as did regions for reward, memory, social cognition, and facial processing. The women also reported similar pleasantness and excitement when looking at pictures of kids and dogs. Important differences remain. Certain midbrain regions responded more strongly to children, indicating the brain still recognizes species boundaries. LaCoss admits she does feel distinctly proud watching her kids reach milestones dogs never will, yet her desire to meet Shio and Babka’s needs is just as intense. Silver argues that because dogs reliably generate these responses, the relationship for many people now equals the importance of a biological relative. Neurochemistry deepens the connection. Behaviors such as eye contact, play, and physical affection increase oxytocin (催产素) levels, which in turn reinforces the very behaviors that strengthen the bond. As one paper states dogs have “hijacked” the human caregiving pathway: when a dog gazes with “puppy eyes” or runs over when called, oxytocin rises, activating the caregiving system that evolved to protect babies and motivating us to nurture, comfort, and guard our companions. Domestication also shaped appearances and skills. Humans favored dogs that tracked our gaze, cooperated, and signaled with expressive faces. Modern dogs have rounder heads, larger eyes, and eyebrow muscles that create sadness, curiosity, and joy — features humans find irresistible. They play like kids, think like toddlers, and appear vulnerable, inviting care. You don’t need a scan to feel the bond is parental; for many, dogs are family. As LaCoss says, “My home isn’t home without them.” 51．Why does Zachary Silver consider dogs’ evolution unsurprising? A．Dogs naturally developed speech comprehension. B．Human selection enhanced dogs’ social abilities. C．Wolves transformed into companion animals. D．Biological evolution increased dogs’ intelligence. 52．The author cited the 2014 brain-imaging study in paragraph 3 to . A．contrast neural responses to children and dogs B．provide evidence for a shared caregiving system C．explain why dogs are better companions than other pets D．demonstrate the uniqueness of parental instincts 53．According to the passage, what is a key neurological difference in how humans respond to children and dogs? A．Dogs lead to stronger reward system activity. B．Dogs produce weaker emotional brain responses. C．Children cause a stronger midbrain response. D．Children activate the amygdala more weakly. 54．What does the phrase “have hijacked the human caregiving pathway” suggest about dogs? A．They have taken over human parenting duties. B．They have evolved to replace human children. C．They have influenced people through emotional signals. D．They have aroused humans’ natural nurturing responses. 55．By saying “My home isn’t home without them,” LaCoss aims to . A．highlight dogs’ irreplaceable emotional role B．describe dogs as bridges to family bonds C．reveal dogs’ capacity to find real sympathy D．prove the necessity of keeping pets in families 【答案】51．B 52．B 53．C 54．D 55．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了人类与狗之间深厚的情感纽带，揭示了人类大脑对狗和孩子的反应相似性，以及狗如何通过进化适应人类社会，成为人类生活中不可或缺的家庭成员。 51．细节理解题。根据第二段“Zachary Silver, director of the Animal Cognition Lab at Occidental College, isn’t surprised: over thousands of years, people selected dogs for kindness, affection, and attentiveness to human signals. (西方学院动物认知实验室主任扎卡里·西尔弗对此并不感到惊讶：几千年来，人们选择狗是因为它们善良、有感情，并且对人类的信号很敏感。)”可知，扎卡里·西尔弗认为狗的进化并不令人惊讶，是因为人类的选择增强了狗的社交能力。故选B。 52．推理判断题。根据第三段“A 2014 brain-imaging study of mothers viewing photos of their children and their dogs found significant overlap (重叠): the amygdala (杏仁体) lit up, as did regions for reward, memory, social cognition, and facial processing. The women also reported similar pleasantness and excitement when looking at pictures of kids and dogs. (2014年一项针对母亲看孩子和狗照片的脑成像研究发现，两者之间存在显著重叠：杏仁核被激活，奖励、记忆、社会认知和面部处理区域也被激活。女性在看孩子和狗的照片时也报告了类似的愉悦和兴奋。)”可知，作者引用了2014年的脑成像研究，通过展示母亲看孩子和狗的照片时大脑反应的相似性，为人类对狗和孩子有共同的照顾系统提供了证据。故选B。 53．细节理解题。根据第四段“Certain midbrain regions responded more strongly to children, indicating the brain still recognizes species boundaries. (某些中脑区域对孩子的反应更强烈，这表明大脑仍然能识别物种界限。)”可知，人类对孩子的反应与对狗的反应在神经学上的一个关键区别是，孩子会引起更强的中脑反应。故选C。 54．词句猜测题。根据第五段“Behaviors such as eye contact, play, and physical affection increase oxytocin (催产素) levels, which in turn reinforces the very behaviors that strengthen the bond. As one paper states dogs have “hijacked” the human caregiving pathway: when a dog gazes with “puppy eyes” or runs over when called, oxytocin rises, activating the caregiving system that evolved to protect babies and motivating us to nurture, comfort, and guard our companions. (眼神交流、玩耍和身体接触等行为会增加催产素水平，这反过来又会强化那些加强纽带的行为。正如一篇论文所述，狗“劫持”了人类的照顾途径：当狗用“小狗般的眼睛”凝视或被召唤时跑过来，催产素会上升，激活为保护婴儿而进化的照顾系统，激励我们养育、安慰和保护我们的同伴。)”可知，狗通过特定的行为（如眼神交流）激发了人类的催产素水平上升，进而激活了人类的照顾系统，这表明狗已经触发了人类天生的养育反应。所以“have hijacked the human caregiving pathway”意为“它们已经激起了人类天生的养育反应”。故选D。 55．推理判断题。根据最后一段“You don’t need a scan to feel the bond is parental; for many, dogs are family. As LaCoss says, “My home isn’t home without them.” (你不需要扫描就能感觉到这种纽带是父母般的；对许多人来说，狗就是家庭的一部分。正如拉科斯所说：“没有它们，我的家就不像个家。” )”可知，拉科斯通过说“没有它们，我的家就不像个家”，旨在强调狗在情感上不可替代的角色。故选A。 第二部分:写作(共两节，满分35分) 第一节：阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分) 阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容完成下列各题。 I may not be a “bad” runner, but I am slow. The farthest I have ever run is 6km, and it happened because I was going to a pub at the other end. When you first start running, people get you excited about experiencing the “runner’s high”, that magical, physiological (生理的) sense of extreme excitement you get from really pushing your body. I’ve never run fast enough, or far enough, to get close to that extraordinary phenomenon, but what I have experienced, however, is the “runner’s smugness (自鸣得意)”. I’ve been running now for four years. I had tried to become a runner before, downloading the Couch to 5K app. I thought maybe this was something that could help my anxiety, too. But it didn’t stick. It felt impossible to jog for a whole minute. Plus, there were just too many other, less horrible-feeling things I could be doing. That changed in 2020. Suddenly, I had too much time and increasing anxiety that I needed to get on top of it. So I reopened the app and started running again. Over time, I got better. I could run for a minute, no problem. Then three, then five, and then eight. Finally, I did it: I reached the 5 km mark. It was slow. I certainly stopped several times. I got home and collapsed straight into an armchair. And so there lies the smugness: I did something. I managed to put on my sneakers and running outfit, leave the house for 30 minutes and go for a run. Over the years, I’ve noticed that running reduces my anxiety. On a particularly anxious day, running can help me get out of my head or, at the very least, give me something else to do for half an hour. For me, running isn’t about the “runner’s high”. It’s about the small, everyday achievement of doing something I know will make me feel better in the long run. Feeling smug about these little wins is enough. 56．What is “runner’s high” according to the passage?(no more than 10 words) 57．Why did the author first start running?(no more than 15 words) 58．What does the underlined phrase “get on top of” in Paragraph 4 mean?(no more than 3 words) 59．What is the main idea of Paragraph 5?(no more than 15 words) 60．Do you think “little wins” matters? Why or why not?(no more than 20 words) 【答案】56．An extremely excited physiological sense from running hard. / A magical, physiological sense of extreme excitement while running. 57．To help reduce the author’s anxiety. 58．Take control of./ Deal with./ Cope with./ Control./ Manage. 59．The author made progress in running and had a sense of achievement./ The author progressed in running and felt smug/ accomplished./ The author progressed to run 5km and felt a sense of achievement. 60．(OPEN) / Yes, they matter because they can build confidence and bring a sense of achievement./ Yes, because every small victory is one more step closer to the ultimate goal. 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从跑步新手起步，在2020年因时间和焦虑重新开始跑步，逐渐达成目标并从中体会到缓解焦虑的效果，对作者来说，跑步的意义在于日常小成就带来的自鸣得意，而非“跑步者的快感”。 【详解】56．考查细节理解。根据第二段“When you first start running, people get you excited about experiencing the “runner’ s high”, that magical, physiological sense of extreme excitement you get from really pushing your body.(当你刚开始跑步时，人们会让你对体验 “跑步者的快感” 充满期待，也就是那种通过真正挑战身体而获得的神奇的、生理性的极度兴奋感。)”可知，“runner’s high” 是跑步时因高强度运动产生的生理兴奋感。故填An extremely excited physiological sense from running hard/A magical, physiological sense of extreme excitement while running。 57．考查细节理解。根据第三段“I thought maybe this was something that could help my anxiety, too.（我想这或许也能帮助我缓解焦虑。）”可知，作者最初开始跑步的目的是缓解焦虑。故填To help reduce the author’s anxiety. 58．考查词义猜测。根据第四段“That changed in 2020. Suddenly, I had too much time and increasing anxiety that I needed to get on top of it. So I reopened the app and started running again. (2020年情况发生了变化。突然之间，我有了太多的时间，焦虑也与日俱增，我需要get on top of它。于是我重新打开了那个应用程序，再次开始跑步。)”可知，作者再次开始跑步，是为了处理日益增加的焦虑情绪。故“get on top of” 意为 “控制、处理”。故填Take control of. / Deal with./ Cope with./ Control./ Manage。 59．考查主旨大意。根据第五段“Over time, I got better. I could run for a minute, no problem. Then three, then five, and then eight. Finally, I did it: I reached the 5 km mark. ... I managed to put on my sneakers and running outfit, leave the house for 30 minutes and go for a run. (随着时间的推移，我跑得越来越好了。一开始跑一分钟完全没问题，后来能跑三分钟、五分钟，再后来是八分钟。最终我做到了：跑完了5公里…… 我成功穿上运动鞋和跑步装备，离开家30分钟去跑步。)”可知，本段描述作者从慢跑一分钟到完成 5 公里的进步过程，核心是跑步进步与成就感。故填The author made progress in running and had a sense of achievement./The author progressed in running and felt smug/ accomplished./The author progressed to run 5km and felt a sense of achievement。 60．开放性题目。问：“小成就”是否重要，并给出自己的理由。结合文章中作者通过小目标积累获得自信的经历，可知，“小成就” 的意义在于积累信心和成就感。故填Yes, they matter because they can build confidence and bring a sense of achievement./ Yes, because every small victory is one more step closer to the ultimate goal. 第二节：书面表达（满分25分） 61．假如你是李津，你校英语角下周举办以“我最喜欢的中国诗人”为主题的英语演讲比赛，请你用英语写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：(1)人物简介；(2)喜欢的理由。 1.短文内容不少于100词； 2.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入词数； 3.可适当发挥，以使行文连贯。 Good afternoon, everyone! ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you for listening! 【答案】One possible version: Good afternoon, everyone! Today, I would like to talk about my favorite Chinese poet, Li Bai. Li Bai was a famous poet from the Tang Dynasty, known for his creative and beautiful poems. His works often focus on nature, freedom, and life, and they remain popular today. I admire Li Bai for his ability to express deep feelings with simple words. For example, in his poem “Quiet Night Thoughts,” he uses images of moonlight and frost to show his homesickness. His poems are touching and easy to understand, which makes them unforgettable. I also admire his bold and free spirit. Li Bai followed his dreams and lived an adventurous life. His passion for poetry inspires me to pursue my own dreams and enjoy life to the fullest. Thank you for listening! 【导语】这是一篇应用文。考生所在校英语角下周举办以“我最喜欢的中国诗人”为主题的英语演讲比赛，请考生用英语写一篇演讲稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累： 著名的：famous→well-known 钦佩：admire→esteem 表达：express→convey 难忘的：unforgettable→memorable 2.句式拓展： 句型转换 原句：His poems are touching and easy to understand, which makes them unforgettable. 拓展句：His poems are so touching and easy to understand that they are unforgettable. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】Li Bai was a famous poet from the Tang Dynasty, known for his creative and beautiful poems.（运用了过去分词作定语） 【高分句型 2】His poems are touching and easy to understand, which makes them unforgettable.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $