八上预习作业15 非谓语动词 to do 与 doing 综合辨析（新知精练）-2026年新八年级英语暑假预习作业（新教材译林版）

**基本信息** 聚焦非谓语动词to do与doing综合辨析，构建“概念-用法-易混-方法”四维知识体系，提炼固定搭配优先等实用解题策略，适配中考多题型突破，提升语言运用与思维辨析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识复盘|2类用法对比表+8组易混动词辨析|固定搭配优先法、意思判断法、介词判断法|从基本概念出发，通过教材原句对比to do/doing核心用法，聚焦易混动词差异，结合易错点构建应用逻辑链| |实战巩固|基础10单选+10完成句子、能力1完形+4阅读、拓展1首字母填空|——|覆盖中考高频题型，从基础搭配到语篇应用，分层训练语言理解与表达能力，强化学习策略迁移|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业15 非谓语动词 to do 与 doing 综合辨析 知识复盘 一、基本概念 非谓语动词是指在句子中不能单独作谓语的动词形式，没有人称和数的变化。译林版八年级上册只要求掌握两种核心形式：动词不定式（to do） 和动名词（doing）。这是中考语法填空、单项选择和书面表达的必考难点，也是学生最容易混淆的语法点之一。 二、核心用法对比表（全册） 形式 核心用法 教材原句 / 全册高频固定搭配 to do（动词不定式） 1. 作宾语（动词 + to do）2. 作目的状语 3. 作宾语补足语（动词 + sb.+to do） 4. 作主语（常用 it 作形式主语） 1. want to do, hope to do, decide to do, learn to do, plan to do, agree to do, offer to do, promise to do 教材原句：I want to help protect wild animals. 2. 表目的：to do /in order to do 教材原句：We build nature reserves to protect pandas. 3. ask sb. to do, tell sb. to do, teach sb. to do, encourage sb. to do, warn sb. to do 教材原句：The teacher told us not to feed the animals. 4. It is + adj. + (for sb.) + to do sth. 例：It is important to learn English well. doing（动名词） 1. 作宾语（动词 + doing） 2. 作介词宾语 3. 作主语 1. enjoy doing, practice doing, finish doing, mind doing, keep doing, suggest doing, avoid doing 教材原句：I enjoy reading English every morning. 2. 所有介词后接 doing：look forward to doing, pay attention to doing, be good at doing, be interested in doing, thank you for doing 教材原句：I am looking forward to seeing you. 3. Doing sth. is + adj. 例：Swimming is good for our health. 三、核心易混动词辨析（必考，既能接 to do 又能接 doing 但意思完全不同） 动词 接 to do 的含义 接 doing 的含义 典型例句 stop 停下来去做另一件事 停止正在做的事 1. He stopped to have a rest.（他停下来休息） 2. He stopped watching TV.（他停止看电视） forget 忘记要去做某事（未做） 忘记做过某事（已做） 1. I forgot to close the window.（我忘记关窗户了，没关） 2. I forgot closing the window.（我忘记已经关过窗户了） remember 记得要去做某事（未做） 记得做过某事（已做） 1. Remember to bring your homework tomorrow.（记得明天带作业） 2. I remember meeting you somewhere.（我记得在某个地方见过你） try 努力去做某事 尝试做某事 1. He tried to finish the work on time.（他努力按时完成工作）2. He tried cooking for the first time.（他第一次尝试做饭） mean 打算做某事 意味着做某事 1. I mean to go to Beijing next week.（我打算下周去北京） 2. Missing the bus means waiting for another hour.（错过这班车意味着再等一小时） go on 接着做另一件事 继续做同一件事 1. He went on to read the text.（接着读课文） 2. He went on reading the text.（继续读课文） like/love/hate 偶尔或具体某次喜欢/讨厌做某事 习惯性、经常性喜欢/讨厌做某事 1. I like to swim this afternoon.（今天下午想去游泳）2. I like swimming.（我喜欢游泳） begin/start 开始做某事（两者可通用） 开始做某事（两者可通用） 注：当 begin/start 本身为进行时，只能接 to do 例：It was beginning to rain. 四、运用方法 1. 固定搭配优先法：绝大多数情况下，非谓语动词的形式由前面的动词或介词决定，记住固定搭配是最准确的方法 2. 意思判断法：对于既能接 to do 又能接 doing 的动词，根据句子要表达的意思判断用哪种形式 3. 介词判断法：只要看到介词（in, on, at, for, to 等），后面一定接 doing 形式 五、易错易混概念 1. to 作介词时接 doing： 错误 look forward to do → 正确 look forward to doing； 错误 pay attention to do → 正确 pay attention to doing 2. 使役动词和感官动词后接不带 to 的不定式： make/let/see/hear sb. do sth.（被动语态还原 to：be made to do sth.） 3. had better 后接动词原形： 错误 had better to do → 正确 had better do 4. Why not 后接动词原形： 错误 Why not doing → 正确 Why not do 5. would rather 后接动词原形： 错误 would rather to do → 正确 would rather do 6. 介词后面接 doing： 错误 be good at swim → 正确 be good at swimming； 错误 thank you for help → 正确 thank you for helping 实战巩固·基础过关 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. Our class decided ______ a charity sale（慈善义卖）to raise money for the homeless animals. A. hold B. holding C. to hold D. held 2. —Why not ______ the Science Museum this weekend? —Good idea! I'm looking forward to ______ the new robot show there. A. visit; watch B. visit; watching C. to visit; watch D. to visit; watching 3. The teacher warned us ______ in the river alone. It's very dangerous. A. not swim B. not to swim C. not swimming D. to not swim 4. —I forgot ______ my homework yesterday. Mr. Li was very angry. —You should remember ______ it on time next time. A. to hand in; to bring B. handing in; to bring C. to hand in; bringing D. handing in; bringing 5. It is necessary for us ______ more books about Chinese history. A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads 6. The little girl stopped ______ and began to smile when she saw her mother. A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cried 7. My grandpa enjoys ______ chess with his friends in the park every morning. A. play B. plays C. to play D. playing 8. —What does this sign mean? —It means ______ here. A. no smoke B. not smoke C. no smoking D. not to smoke 9. We should practice ______ English every day ______ our spoken English. A. speak; improve B. speaking; improve C. speak; to improve D. speaking; to improve 10. The workers went on ______ the bridge after a short rest. A. build B. to build C. building D. built 二、完成句子： 根据所给汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。 1. 我妈妈总是鼓励我努力学习。 My mother always ______ me ______ ______ hard. 2. 谢谢你邀请我参加你的生日派对。 Thank you ______ ______ me to your birthday party. 3. 你最好不要在课堂上吃东西。 You ______ ______ ______ eat in class. 4. 游泳是保持健康的好方法。 ______ is a good way ______ ______ healthy. 5. 我记得以前在某个地方见过这位作家。 I ______ ______ this writer somewhere before. 6. 他努力学习是为了考上一所好大学。 He studies hard ______ ______ ______ a good university. 7. 请你告诉我如何使用这台电脑好吗？ Could you please tell me ______ ______ ______ this computer? 8. 孩子们迫不及待地打开了他们的礼物。 The children couldn't wait ______ ______ their presents. 9. 我们应该避免犯同样的错误。 We should ______ ______ the same mistake. 10. 听到这个好消息，他们忍不住跳了起来。 They couldn't help ______ when they heard the good news. 实战巩固·能力进阶 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Our School Project: Save the Bees Last month, our science teacher asked us 1 a project about environmental protection. After a discussion, our group decided 2 on "Save the Bees". We all know that bees are very important for plants, but now more and more bees are in danger. First, we planned 3 some information about bees. We went to the library and searched the Internet. We learned that bees help 4 flowers and make honey. Without bees, many plants would die. Then, we decided 5 a poster to tell other students about the problem. We spent three days 6 the poster. It showed how bees live and what people can do 7 them. Next, we wanted 8 a bee garden in our school. We asked our head teacher for permission（许可）. He agreed and gave us a small piece of land behind the classroom building. We bought some flower seeds（种子）and started 9 them. We also made some bee houses. Now, many students come to see our bee garden. They enjoy 10 the bees fly from flower to flower. We are very happy that our project is working. We hope more people will join us to save the bees. 1. A. do B. did C. doing D. to do 2. A. to work B. work C. working D. worked 3. A. collect B. to collect C. collecting D. collected 4. A. pollinate（授粉） B. pollinating C. pollinates D. pollinated 5. A. make B. to make C. making D. made 6. A. design B. to design C. designing D. designed 7. A. help B. helping C. to help D. helped 8. A. build B. to build C. building D. built 9. A. plant B. to plant C. plants D. planted 10. A. watch B. to watch C. watching D. watched 二、阅读理解： 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Volunteering at the Animal Shelter Last Saturday, I went to volunteer at the local animal shelter（动物收容所）. I have always loved animals, so I was very excited to go there. When I arrived, the manager told me what I needed to do. First, I helped to clean the cages. It was hard work, but I didn't mind. Then, I fed the dogs and cats. The dogs were very friendly and kept jumping up at me. The cats were more quiet and enjoyed being petted（抚摸）. After that, I took some of the dogs for a walk in the park. They loved running around and playing with each other. In the afternoon, I helped to organize a charity sale. We sold old toys and books to raise money for the shelter. Many people came and bought things. We raised a lot of money that day. At the end of the day, I was tired but very happy. I learned that volunteering is a great way to help others and make new friends. I plan to go back to the shelter every weekend. 1. Why did the writer go to the animal shelter? A. To get a pet. B. To volunteer. C. To buy some toys. D. To meet the manager. 2. What did the writer do first at the shelter? A. Fed the animals. B. Took the dogs for a walk. C. Cleaned the cages. D. Organized a charity sale. 3. The underlined word "organize" in Paragraph 3 means "______" in Chinese. A. 组织 B. 参加 C. 取消 D. 参观 4. What did the writer think of the volunteer work? A. Boring and tiring. B. Easy but boring. C. Tiring but happy. D. Difficult and useless. 5. What can we learn from the passage? A. The writer will never go back to the shelter. B. The charity sale raised no money. C. All the animals at the shelter were very quiet. D. Volunteering can help others and make friends. B How to Make a Homemade Robot Do you want to make your own robot? It's easier than you think! Here is a simple guide to help you make a small robot that can move around. What you need: ·A small plastic box ·Two motors（马达） ·Two wheels ·A battery（电池） ·Some wires（电线） ·A switch（开关） Steps: 1. First, cut two small holes in the side of the plastic box. These holes are for the wheels. 2. Next, attach（固定）the motors to the inside of the box. Make sure the motor shafts（轴）go through the holes. 3. Then, put the wheels on the motor shafts. 4. After that, connect the wires from the motors to the battery and the switch. 5. Finally, put the battery and the switch inside the box. Close the box and turn on the switch. Your robot will start moving! Making a robot is a great way to learn about science and technology. You can also decorate your robot to make it look more interesting. Try adding eyes, a mouth, or even a hat! 1. What is the passage mainly about? A. How to buy a robot. B. How to make a homemade robot. C. How to repair a robot. D. How to play with a robot. 2. Which of the following is NOT needed to make the robot? A. A plastic box. B. Motors and wheels. C. A computer. D. A battery and wires. 3. What is the second step to make the robot? A. Cut holes in the box. B. Attach the motors to the box. C. Put the wheels on the motors. D. Connect the wires. 4. What will happen when you turn on the switch? A. The robot will stop moving. B. The robot will start moving. C. The battery will die. D. The wheels will fall off. 5. According to the passage, making a robot can help us ______. A. learn about science and technology B. save a lot of money C. make more friends D. become famous C The Benefits of Reading Reading is a very important skill. It helps us in many ways. First, reading improves our vocabulary. When we read, we learn new words and how to use them correctly. Second, reading helps us to become better writers. We can learn different writing styles and techniques from the books we read. Third, reading is a great way to relax. After a long day at school, reading a good book can help us forget our problems and feel calm. Fourth, reading can improve our knowledge. We can learn about history, science, geography, and many other subjects from books. Finally, reading can improve our imagination. When we read a story, we can imagine the characters and the places in our minds. This helps us to be more creative. In conclusion, reading is a wonderful hobby. It can make us smarter, happier, and more creative. So, why not pick up a book and start reading today? 1. How many benefits of reading are mentioned in the passage? A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six. 2. According to the passage, reading can help us become better writers because ______. A. it improves our vocabulary B. we can learn different writing styles C. it helps us relax D. it improves our imagination 3. The underlined word "imagination" in Paragraph 3 means "______" in Chinese. A. 记忆力 B. 想象力 C. 观察力 D. 判断力 4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. Reading can help us learn new words. B. Reading can make us feel calm. C. Reading can improve our knowledge. D. Reading is a waste of time. 5. What is the writer's purpose in writing this passage? A. To tell us how to read books. B. To introduce different kinds of books. C. To encourage us to read more books. D. To show us how to become a writer. D A Day at the Beach Last Sunday, my family and I went to the beach. It was a beautiful sunny day. We left home early in the morning and arrived at the beach at about 9 o'clock. When we got there, the beach was already crowded. There were many people swimming in the sea and playing on the sand. My brother and I wanted to swim first. We put on our swimming suits and ran into the water. The water was warm and clear. We had a great time swimming and playing with a beach ball. After swimming, we built a big sandcastle. It took us about an hour to finish it. We decorated it with shells and stones. It looked very beautiful. At noon, we had a picnic on the beach. My mom made some sandwiches and fruit salad. We also had some cold drinks. After lunch, we walked along the beach and collected some shells. In the late afternoon, the sky became cloudy. We decided to go home. We were all tired but very happy. It was a wonderful day. 1. When did the writer's family arrive at the beach? A. At about 8 o'clock. B. At about 9 o'clock. C. At about 10 o'clock. D. At about 11 o'clock. 2. What did the writer and his brother do first? A. They built a sandcastle. B. They had a picnic. C. They swam in the sea. D. They collected shells. 3. How long did it take them to build the sandcastle? A. About half an hour. B. About an hour. C. About two hours. D. About three hours. 4. What did they have for lunch? A. Sandwiches and fruit salad. B. Hamburgers and chips. C. Noodles and soup. D. Rice and vegetables. 5. What can we infer（推断）from the passage? A. The beach was empty when they arrived. B. The weather was bad all day. C. They enjoyed their day at the beach. D. They didn't collect any shells. 实战巩固·拓展培优 首字母填空： 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Our School Cooking Club Do you like cooking? If you do, you should j 1 our school cooking club. We have a great time l 2 how to cook different kinds of food. Our club meets every Wednesday afternoon. We usually s 3 with simple dishes like eggs and noodles. Then we learn to make more difficult dishes like pizza and cakes. Our teacher, Mrs. Wang, is very good at cooking. She t 4 us how to use the kitchen safely and how to cook delicious food. Last week, we decided t 5 a special dinner for our parents. We spent the whole afternoon p 6 the food. We made tomato soup, fried chicken, and fruit salad. When our parents arrived, they were very s 7 to see the delicious food we had made. They all said it was the b 8 dinner they had ever had. Cooking is not only a useful skill but also a great way to r 9 . I enjoy s 10 the food I make with my family and friends. I hope more students will join our cooking club. 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业15 非谓语动词 to do 与 doing 综合辨析 知识复盘 一、基本概念 非谓语动词是指在句子中不能单独作谓语的动词形式，没有人称和数的变化。译林版八年级上册只要求掌握两种核心形式：动词不定式（to do） 和动名词（doing）。这是中考语法填空、单项选择和书面表达的必考难点，也是学生最容易混淆的语法点之一。 二、核心用法对比表（全册） 形式 核心用法 教材原句 / 全册高频固定搭配 to do（动词不定式） 1. 作宾语（动词 + to do）2. 作目的状语 3. 作宾语补足语（动词 + sb.+to do） 4. 作主语（常用 it 作形式主语） 1. want to do, hope to do, decide to do, learn to do, plan to do, agree to do, offer to do, promise to do 教材原句：I want to help protect wild animals. 2. 表目的：to do /in order to do 教材原句：We build nature reserves to protect pandas. 3. ask sb. to do, tell sb. to do, teach sb. to do, encourage sb. to do, warn sb. to do 教材原句：The teacher told us not to feed the animals. 4. It is + adj. + (for sb.) + to do sth. 例：It is important to learn English well. doing（动名词） 1. 作宾语（动词 + doing） 2. 作介词宾语 3. 作主语 1. enjoy doing, practice doing, finish doing, mind doing, keep doing, suggest doing, avoid doing 教材原句：I enjoy reading English every morning. 2. 所有介词后接 doing：look forward to doing, pay attention to doing, be good at doing, be interested in doing, thank you for doing 教材原句：I am looking forward to seeing you. 3. Doing sth. is + adj. 例：Swimming is good for our health. 三、核心易混动词辨析（必考，既能接 to do 又能接 doing 但意思完全不同） 动词 接 to do 的含义 接 doing 的含义 典型例句 stop 停下来去做另一件事 停止正在做的事 1. He stopped to have a rest.（他停下来休息） 2. He stopped watching TV.（他停止看电视） forget 忘记要去做某事（未做） 忘记做过某事（已做） 1. I forgot to close the window.（我忘记关窗户了，没关） 2. I forgot closing the window.（我忘记已经关过窗户了） remember 记得要去做某事（未做） 记得做过某事（已做） 1. Remember to bring your homework tomorrow.（记得明天带作业） 2. I remember meeting you somewhere.（我记得在某个地方见过你） try 努力去做某事 尝试做某事 1. He tried to finish the work on time.（他努力按时完成工作）2. He tried cooking for the first time.（他第一次尝试做饭） mean 打算做某事 意味着做某事 1. I mean to go to Beijing next week.（我打算下周去北京） 2. Missing the bus means waiting for another hour.（错过这班车意味着再等一小时） go on 接着做另一件事 继续做同一件事 1. He went on to read the text.（接着读课文） 2. He went on reading the text.（继续读课文） like/love/hate 偶尔或具体某次喜欢/讨厌做某事 习惯性、经常性喜欢/讨厌做某事 1. I like to swim this afternoon.（今天下午想去游泳）2. I like swimming.（我喜欢游泳） begin/start 开始做某事（两者可通用） 开始做某事（两者可通用） 注：当 begin/start 本身为进行时，只能接 to do 例：It was beginning to rain. 四、运用方法 1. 固定搭配优先法：绝大多数情况下，非谓语动词的形式由前面的动词或介词决定，记住固定搭配是最准确的方法 2. 意思判断法：对于既能接 to do 又能接 doing 的动词，根据句子要表达的意思判断用哪种形式 3. 介词判断法：只要看到介词（in, on, at, for, to 等），后面一定接 doing 形式 五、易错易混概念 1. to 作介词时接 doing： 错误 look forward to do → 正确 look forward to doing； 错误 pay attention to do → 正确 pay attention to doing 2. 使役动词和感官动词后接不带 to 的不定式： make/let/see/hear sb. do sth.（被动语态还原 to：be made to do sth.） 3. had better 后接动词原形： 错误 had better to do → 正确 had better do 4. Why not 后接动词原形： 错误 Why not doing → 正确 Why not do 5. would rather 后接动词原形： 错误 would rather to do → 正确 would rather do 6. 介词后面接 doing： 错误 be good at swim → 正确 be good at swimming； 错误 thank you for help → 正确 thank you for helping 实战巩固·基础过关 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. Our class decided ______ a charity sale（慈善义卖）to raise money for the homeless animals. A. hold B. holding C. to hold D. held 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我们班决定举办一场慈善义卖为无家可归的动物筹款。考查固定搭配 decide to do sth.（决定做某事），故填 to hold。 2. —Why not ______ the Science Museum this weekend? —Good idea! I'm looking forward to ______ the new robot show there. A. visit; watch B. visit; watching C. to visit; watch D. to visit; watching 【答案】B 【解析】句意：—— 这个周末为什么不去参观科学博物馆呢？—— 好主意！我期待着看那里的新机器人展。第一空考查固定句型 Why not do sth.（为什么不做某事），用动词原形 visit；第二空考查固定搭配 look forward to doing sth.（期待做某事），to 是介词，后接动名词 watching。 3. The teacher warned us ______ in the river alone. It's very dangerous. A. not swim B. not to swim C. not swimming D. to not swim 【答案】B 【解析】句意：老师警告我们不要独自在河里游泳，这非常危险。考查固定搭配 warn sb. not to do sth.（警告某人不要做某事），否定形式在 to 前加 not，故填 not to swim。 4. —I forgot ______ my homework yesterday. Mr. Li was very angry. —You should remember ______ it on time next time. A. to hand in; to bring B. handing in; to bring C. to hand in; bringing D. handing in; bringing 【答案】A 【解析】句意：—— 我昨天忘记交作业了，李老师很生气。—— 你下次应该记得按时带来。第一空考查 forget to do sth.（忘记去做某事，事情未做）；第二空考查 remember to do sth.（记得去做某事，事情未做），故分别填 to hand in 和 to bring。 5. It is necessary for us ______ more books about Chinese history. A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads 【答案】C 【解析】句意：对我们来说，读更多关于中国历史的书是必要的。考查固定句型 It is + 形容词 + for sb. + to do sth.（对某人来说做某事是…… 的），故填 to read。 6. The little girl stopped ______ and began to smile when she saw her mother. A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cried 【答案】C 【解析】句意：小女孩看到妈妈时，停止了哭泣，开始微笑。考查固定搭配 stop doing sth.（停止正在做的事），故填 crying。 7. My grandpa enjoys ______ chess with his friends in the park every morning. A. play B. plays C. to play D. playing 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我爷爷喜欢每天早上和朋友们在公园里下棋。考查固定搭配 enjoy doing sth.（喜欢做某事），故填 playing。 8. —What does this sign mean? —It means ______ here. A. no smoke B. not smoke C. no smoking D. not to smoke 【答案】C 【解析】句意：—— 这个标志是什么意思？—— 它的意思是这里禁止吸烟。考查固定表达 "no + 动名词" 表示禁止做某事，故填 no smoking。 9. We should practice ______ English every day ______ our spoken English. A. speak; improve B. speaking; improve C. speak; to improve D. speaking; to improve 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我们应该每天练习说英语来提高我们的英语口语。第一空考查固定搭配 practice doing sth.（练习做某事），填 speaking；第二空用不定式 to do 作目的状语，填 to improve。 10. The workers went on ______ the bridge after a short rest. A. build B. to build C. building D. built 【答案】C 【解析】句意：工人们短暂休息后继续建桥。考查固定搭配 go on doing sth.（继续做同一件事），故填 building。 二、完成句子： 根据所给汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。 1. 我妈妈总是鼓励我努力学习。 My mother always ______ me ______ ______ hard. 【答案】encourages; to study 【解析】句意：我妈妈总是鼓励我努力学习。固定搭配 encourage sb. to do sth.（鼓励某人做某事）；主语 my mother 是第三人称单数，一般现在时动词用 encourages。 2. 谢谢你邀请我参加你的生日派对。 Thank you ______ ______ me to your birthday party. 【答案】for inviting 【解析】句意：谢谢你邀请我参加你的生日派对。固定搭配 thank sb. for doing sth.（因做某事感谢某人），for 后接动名词。 3. 你最好不要在课堂上吃东西。 You ______ ______ ______ eat in class. 【答案】had better not 【解析】句意：你最好不要在课堂上吃东西。固定句型 had better not do sth.（最好不要做某事）。 4. 游泳是保持健康的好方法。 ______ is a good way ______ ______ healthy. 【答案】Swimming; to keep 【解析】句意：游泳是保持健康的好方法。动词作主语用动名词 swimming；a way to do sth.（做某事的方法），keep healthy（保持健康）。 5. 我记得以前在某个地方见过这位作家。 I ______ ______ this writer somewhere before. 【答案】remember meeting 【解析】句意：我记得以前在某个地方见过这位作家。remember doing sth.（记得做过某事，事情已发生）。 6. 他努力学习是为了考上一所好大学。 He studies hard ______ ______ ______ a good university. 【答案】to enter/ get into 【解析】句意：他努力学习是为了考上一所好大学。不定式表目的；enter/get into a university 表示 “考入 / 进入大学”。 7. 请你告诉我如何使用这台电脑好吗？ Could you please tell me ______ ______ ______ this computer? 【答案】how to use 【解析】句意：请你告诉我如何使用这台电脑好吗？疑问词 + to do 结构作宾语，how to use 如何使用。 8. 孩子们迫不及待地打开了他们的礼物。 The children couldn't wait ______ ______ their presents. 【答案】to open 【解析】句意：孩子们迫不及待地打开了他们的礼物。固定搭配 can't wait to do sth.（迫不及待做某事）。 9. 我们应该避免犯同样的错误。 We should ______ ______ the same mistake. 【答案】avoid making 【解析】句意：我们应该避免犯同样的错误。avoid doing sth.（避免做某事）；make a mistake 犯错误。 10. 听到这个好消息，他们忍不住跳了起来。 They couldn't help ______ when they heard the good news. 【答案】jumping 【解析】句意：听到这个好消息，他们忍不住跳了起来。can't help doing sth.（忍不住做某事）。 实战巩固·能力进阶 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Our School Project: Save the Bees Last month, our science teacher asked us 1 a project about environmental protection. After a discussion, our group decided 2 on "Save the Bees". We all know that bees are very important for plants, but now more and more bees are in danger. First, we planned 3 some information about bees. We went to the library and searched the Internet. We learned that bees help 4 flowers and make honey. Without bees, many plants would die. Then, we decided 5 a poster to tell other students about the problem. We spent three days 6 the poster. It showed how bees live and what people can do 7 them. Next, we wanted 8 a bee garden in our school. We asked our head teacher for permission（许可）. He agreed and gave us a small piece of land behind the classroom building. We bought some flower seeds（种子）and started 9 them. We also made some bee houses. Now, many students come to see our bee garden. They enjoy 10 the bees fly from flower to flower. We are very happy that our project is working. We hope more people will join us to save the bees. 1. A. do B. did C. doing D. to do 2. A. to work B. work C. working D. worked 3. A. collect B. to collect C. collecting D. collected 4. A. pollinate（授粉） B. pollinating C. pollinates D. pollinated 5. A. make B. to make C. making D. made 6. A. design B. to design C. designing D. designed 7. A. help B. helping C. to help D. helped 8. A. build B. to build C. building D. built 9. A. plant B. to plant C. plants D. planted 10. A. watch B. to watch C. watching D. watched 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. C 【解析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者所在的科学小组响应老师布置的环保项目任务，选择 “拯救蜜蜂” 作为主题，依次开展收集蜜蜂相关资料、制作科普海报、在学校建造蜜蜂花园等一系列实践活动的过程。文章展现了学生们的环保行动力，同时呼吁更多人关注并参与到保护蜜蜂的行动中来。 1. 句意：上个月，我们的科学老师让我们做一个关于环境保护的项目。 解析：考查固定搭配 ask sb. to do sth.，意为 “要求 / 让某人做某事”，需用动词不定式作宾语补足语。 2. 句意：经过讨论，我们小组决定开展 “拯救蜜蜂” 这个项目。 解析：考查固定搭配 decide to do sth.，意为 “决定做某事”，需用动词不定式作宾语。 3. 句意：首先，我们计划收集一些关于蜜蜂的信息。 解析：考查固定搭配 plan to do sth.，意为 “计划做某事”，需用动词不定式作宾语。 4. 句意：我们了解到蜜蜂帮助花朵授粉并酿造蜂蜜。 解析：考查固定搭配 help (to) do sth.，意为 “帮助做某事”，不定式符号 to 可省略。B 选项动名词、C 选项第三人称单数、D 选项过去式均不符合 help 的用法要求，因此A 是唯一正确答案。 5. 句意：然后，我们决定制作一张海报来告诉其他学生这个问题。 解析：再次考查固定搭配 decide to do sth.，需用动词不定式作宾语。 6. 句意：我们花了三天时间设计这张海报。 解析：考查固定搭配 spend time (in) doing sth.，意为 “花费时间做某事”，介词 in 可以省略，需用动名词作宾语。 7. 句意：它展示了蜜蜂如何生活以及人们可以做些什么来帮助它们。 解析：考查动词不定式作目的状语，此处 “帮助它们” 是 “人们做些什么” 的目的，需用 to help。 8. 句意：接下来，我们想在我们学校建一个蜜蜂花园。 解析：考查固定搭配 want to do sth.，意为 “想要做某事”，需用动词不定式作宾语。 9. 句意：我们买了一些花籽，开始种植它们。 解析：考查固定搭配 start to do sth.，意为 “开始做某事”，表示开始着手进行某一具体动作，需用动词不定式作宾语。 10. 句意：他们喜欢看蜜蜂在花丛中飞来飞去。 解析：考查固定搭配 enjoy doing sth.，意为 “喜欢做某事”，需用动名词作宾语。 二、阅读理解： 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Volunteering at the Animal Shelter Last Saturday, I went to volunteer at the local animal shelter（动物收容所）. I have always loved animals, so I was very excited to go there. When I arrived, the manager told me what I needed to do. First, I helped to clean the cages. It was hard work, but I didn't mind. Then, I fed the dogs and cats. The dogs were very friendly and kept jumping up at me. The cats were more quiet and enjoyed being petted（抚摸）. After that, I took some of the dogs for a walk in the park. They loved running around and playing with each other. In the afternoon, I helped to organize a charity sale. We sold old toys and books to raise money for the shelter. Many people came and bought things. We raised a lot of money that day. At the end of the day, I was tired but very happy. I learned that volunteering is a great way to help others and make new friends. I plan to go back to the shelter every weekend. 1. Why did the writer go to the animal shelter? A. To get a pet. B. To volunteer. C. To buy some toys. D. To meet the manager. 2. What did the writer do first at the shelter? A. Fed the animals. B. Took the dogs for a walk. C. Cleaned the cages. D. Organized a charity sale. 3. The underlined word "organize" in Paragraph 3 means "______" in Chinese. A. 组织 B. 参加 C. 取消 D. 参观 4. What did the writer think of the volunteer work? A. Boring and tiring. B. Easy but boring. C. Tiring but happy. D. Difficult and useless. 5. What can we learn from the passage? A. The writer will never go back to the shelter. B. The charity sale raised no money. C. All the animals at the shelter were very quiet. D. Volunteering can help others and make friends. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. D 【解析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者上周六去当地动物收容所做志愿者的完整经历，包括打扫笼子、喂养猫狗、遛狗以及组织慈善义卖等活动。文章通过作者的亲身感受，展现了志愿工作虽然辛苦但充满意义，既能帮助他人也能收获快乐与友谊。 1. 细节理解题。解析：根据第一段第一句 "Last Saturday, I went to volunteer at the local animal shelter." 可知，作者去动物收容所的目的是做志愿者。A、C、D 选项均不是作者此行的目的，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。解析：根据第二段第一句 "First, I helped to clean the cages." 可知，作者在收容所做的第一件事是打扫笼子。A、B、D 选项都是作者之后完成的工作，故选 C。 3. 词义猜测题。解析：根据第三段后文 "We sold old toys and books to raise money for the shelter." 可知，作者帮忙筹备、安排了一场为收容所筹款的义卖活动，"organize" 在此处意为 "组织"。B、C、D 选项均不符合语境，故选 A。 4. 细节理解题。解析：根据第四段第一句 "At the end of the day, I was tired but very happy." 可知，作者认为志愿工作虽然累但很快乐。A、B、D 选项均与作者的感受不符，故选 C。 5. 主旨大意题。解析：根据第四段第二句 "I learned that volunteering is a great way to help others and make new friends." 可知，这是文章要传达的核心道理。A 选项与最后一句作者计划每周都去相悖；B 选项与 "We raised a lot of money" 不符；C 选项与文中狗很友好的描述矛盾，故选 D。 B How to Make a Homemade Robot Do you want to make your own robot? It's easier than you think! Here is a simple guide to help you make a small robot that can move around. What you need: ·A small plastic box ·Two motors（马达） ·Two wheels ·A battery（电池） ·Some wires（电线） ·A switch（开关） Steps: 1. First, cut two small holes in the side of the plastic box. These holes are for the wheels. 2. Next, attach（固定）the motors to the inside of the box. Make sure the motor shafts（轴）go through the holes. 3. Then, put the wheels on the motor shafts. 4. After that, connect the wires from the motors to the battery and the switch. 5. Finally, put the battery and the switch inside the box. Close the box and turn on the switch. Your robot will start moving! Making a robot is a great way to learn about science and technology. You can also decorate your robot to make it look more interesting. Try adding eyes, a mouth, or even a hat! 1. What is the passage mainly about? A. How to buy a robot. B. How to make a homemade robot. C. How to repair a robot. D. How to play with a robot. 2. Which of the following is NOT needed to make the robot? A. A plastic box. B. Motors and wheels. C. A computer. D. A battery and wires. 3. What is the second step to make the robot? A. Cut holes in the box. B. Attach the motors to the box. C. Put the wheels on the motors. D. Connect the wires. 4. What will happen when you turn on the switch? A. The robot will stop moving. B. The robot will start moving. C. The battery will die. D. The wheels will fall off. 5. According to the passage, making a robot can help us ______. A. learn about science and technology B. save a lot of money C. make more friends D. become famous 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. A 【解析】这是一篇说明文，以清晰的步骤介绍了如何制作一个能移动的简易自制机器人，详细列出了所需材料和具体操作流程，并说明了制作机器人的益处，旨在指导读者动手实践并激发对科学技术的兴趣。 1. 主旨大意题。解析：根据文章标题 "How to Make a Homemade Robot" 以及全文围绕制作自制机器人展开的内容可知，文章主要介绍如何制作自制机器人。A、C、D 选项均未在文中提及，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。解析：根据文中 "What you need" 部分列出的材料，没有提到电脑。A、B、D 选项均为制作机器人所需物品，故选 C。 3. 细节理解题。解析：根据文中 "Steps" 部分的第 2 条 "Next, attach the motors to the inside of the box." 可知，制作机器人的第二步是将马达固定在盒子内部。A 是第一步，C 是第三步，D 是第四步，故选 B。 4. 细节理解题。解析：根据文中步骤第 5 条 "Close the box and turn on the switch. Your robot will start moving!" 可知，打开开关后机器人会开始移动。A、C、D 选项均与原文不符，故选 B。 5. 细节理解题。解析：根据最后一段第一句 "Making a robot is a great way to learn about science and technology." 可知，制作机器人能帮助我们学习科学技术。B、C、D 选项均未在文中提及，故选 A。 C The Benefits of Reading Reading is a very important skill. It helps us in many ways. First, reading improves our vocabulary. When we read, we learn new words and how to use them correctly. Second, reading helps us to become better writers. We can learn different writing styles and techniques from the books we read. Third, reading is a great way to relax. After a long day at school, reading a good book can help us forget our problems and feel calm. Fourth, reading can improve our knowledge. We can learn about history, science, geography, and many other subjects from books. Finally, reading can improve our imagination. When we read a story, we can imagine the characters and the places in our minds. This helps us to be more creative. In conclusion, reading is a wonderful hobby. It can make us smarter, happier, and more creative. So, why not pick up a book and start reading today? 1. How many benefits of reading are mentioned in the passage? A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six. 2. According to the passage, reading can help us become better writers because ______. A. it improves our vocabulary B. we can learn different writing styles C. it helps us relax D. it improves our imagination 3. The underlined word "imagination" in Paragraph 3 means "______" in Chinese. A. 记忆力 B. 想象力 C. 观察力 D. 判断力 4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. Reading can help us learn new words. B. Reading can make us feel calm. C. Reading can improve our knowledge. D. Reading is a waste of time. 5. What is the writer's purpose in writing this passage? A. To tell us how to read books. B. To introduce different kinds of books. C. To encourage us to read more books. D. To show us how to become a writer. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主题为阅读的好处。文章分点介绍了阅读能丰富词汇、提升写作能力、放松身心、增长知识、锻炼想象力五大益处，最后呼吁大家养成阅读的习惯。 1. 细节理解题。解析：文中用 First、Second、Third、Fourth、Finally 依次列出五点好处，故选 C。 2. 细节理解题。解析：根据第一段 “We can learn different writing styles and techniques from the books we read” 可知原因，故选 B。 3. 词义猜测题。解析：根据后文 “在脑海中想象人物和场景”，可判断 imagination 意为想象力，故选 B。 4. 细节判断题。解析：文中通篇讲述阅读的益处，并未说阅读浪费时间，D 表述错误，故选 D。 5. 主旨 / 推理判断题。解析：文章结尾呼吁大家拿起书本阅读，写作目的是鼓励多读书，故选 C。 D A Day at the Beach Last Sunday, my family and I went to the beach. It was a beautiful sunny day. We left home early in the morning and arrived at the beach at about 9 o'clock. When we got there, the beach was already crowded. There were many people swimming in the sea and playing on the sand. My brother and I wanted to swim first. We put on our swimming suits and ran into the water. The water was warm and clear. We had a great time swimming and playing with a beach ball. After swimming, we built a big sandcastle. It took us about an hour to finish it. We decorated it with shells and stones. It looked very beautiful. At noon, we had a picnic on the beach. My mom made some sandwiches and fruit salad. We also had some cold drinks. After lunch, we walked along the beach and collected some shells. In the late afternoon, the sky became cloudy. We decided to go home. We were all tired but very happy. It was a wonderful day. 1. When did the writer's family arrive at the beach? A. At about 8 o'clock. B. At about 9 o'clock. C. At about 10 o'clock. D. At about 11 o'clock. 2. What did the writer and his brother do first? A. They built a sandcastle. B. They had a picnic. C. They swam in the sea. D. They collected shells. 3. How long did it take them to build the sandcastle? A. About half an hour. B. About an hour. C. About two hours. D. About three hours. 4. What did they have for lunch? A. Sandwiches and fruit salad. B. Hamburgers and chips. C. Noodles and soup. D. Rice and vegetables. 5. What can we infer（推断）from the passage? A. The beach was empty when they arrived. B. The weather was bad all day. C. They enjoyed their day at the beach. D. They didn't collect any shells. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. C 【解析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者一家周日去海滩游玩的经历，按照时间顺序记录了游泳、堆沙堡、野餐、捡贝壳等活动，表达了一家人游玩后的愉悦心情。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段 “arrived at the beach at about 9 o'clock” 可知到达时间，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段 “My brother and I wanted to swim first” 可知他们最先去游泳，故选 C。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段 “It took us about an hour to finish it” 可知堆沙堡用时约一小时，故选 B。 4. 细节理解题。根据第四段 “My mom made some sandwiches and fruit salad” 可知午餐食物，故选 A。 5. 推理判断题。根据最后一段 “We were all tired but very happy” 可推断他们玩得很开心，其余选项均与原文不符，故选 C。 实战巩固·拓展培优 一、首字母填空： 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Our School Cooking Club Do you like cooking? If you do, you should j 1 our school cooking club. We have a great time l 2 how to cook different kinds of food. Our club meets every Wednesday afternoon. We usually s 3 with simple dishes like eggs and noodles. Then we learn to make more difficult dishes like pizza and cakes. Our teacher, Mrs. Wang, is very good at cooking. She t 4 us how to use the kitchen safely and how to cook delicious food. Last week, we decided t 5 a special dinner for our parents. We spent the whole afternoon p 6 the food. We made tomato soup, fried chicken, and fruit salad. When our parents arrived, they were very s 7 to see the delicious food we had made. They all said it was the b 8 dinner they had ever had. Cooking is not only a useful skill but also a great way to r 9 . I enjoy s 10 the food I make with my family and friends. I hope more students will join our cooking club. 【答案】1. join 2. learning 3. start 4. teaches 5. to 6. preparing 7. surprised 8. best 9. relax 10. sharing 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了学校烹饪社团的活动时间、学习内容，讲述了社员们为父母准备爱心晚餐的经历，同时点明烹饪的益处，呼吁更多同学加入社团。 1. 句意：如果你喜欢做饭，就来加入我们学校的烹饪社团吧。解析：结合首字母 j，join 表示 “加入（团体）”，情态动词 should 后用动词原形。 2. 句意：我们开心地学习制作各类美食。解析：固定搭配 have a great time doing sth.（愉快地做某事）；结合首字母 l，填learning（学习）。 3. 句意：我们通常从鸡蛋、面条这类简单的菜品开始。解析：固定搭配 start with（以…… 开始）；主语为 we，一般现在时，填start。 4. 句意：她教我们安全使用厨房用具以及烹制美味食物。解析：主语 She 是第三人称单数，一般现在时；结合首字母 t，填teaches（教）。 5. 句意：上周，我们决定为父母准备一顿特别的晚餐。解析：固定搭配 decide to do sth.（决定做某事），此处填不定式符号to。 6. 句意：我们花了一整个下午准备食材。解析：固定搭配 spend time doing sth.（花费时间做某事）；结合首字母 p，填preparing（准备）。 7. 句意：父母看到我们做的美食，感到十分惊讶。解析：固定搭配 be surprised to do sth.（做某事感到惊讶），结合首字母 s，填surprised。 8. 句意：他们都说这是吃过最美味的晚餐。解析：the + 形容词最高级；结合首字母 b，填best（最好的）。 9. 句意：烹饪不仅是实用技能，也是很好的放松方式。解析：a way to do sth.（做某事的方式）；结合首字母 r，填relax（放松）。 10. 句意：我喜欢和家人朋友分享自己做的食物。解析：固定搭配 enjoy doing sth.（喜欢做某事）；结合首字母 s，填sharing（分享）。 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $