八上预习作业14 四大核心时态综合辨析与运用（新知精练）-2026年新八年级英语暑假预习作业（新教材译林版）

**基本信息** 聚焦初中英语四大核心时态，通过对比表、易混辨析及三步运用法构建系统性训练体系，强化时态理解与语境运用能力，提升语言表达准确性与思维逻辑性。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识复盘|对比表+5类易错点|三步运用法（找标志→判语境→避混淆）；易混时态对比（过程vs结果/习惯vs此刻）|从概念定义→结构对比→易混辨析→语境运用，形成“认知-对比-应用”闭环| |实战巩固|10单选+10完成句子+1完形+4阅读+1七选五|结合时间状语与上下文判断时态；写作中避免时态混乱|覆盖中考高频题型，通过基础到拓展的梯度训练，实现从知识到能力的转化|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业14 四大核心时态综合辨析与运用 知识复盘 一、基本概念 八年级上册要求掌握的四大时态：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时，是初中英语时态体系的基础，也是中考语法填空和写作的必考考点。 二、四大时态核心对比表 时态 核心含义 时间状语标志 基本结构 教材原句 一般现在时 经常性、习惯性动作；客观真理、事实 always, usually, often, sometimes, every day/week, once a month 主语+动原/三单 I go to school at 7 every morning. The earth goes around the sun. 一般过去时 过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态 yesterday, last week, ago, in 2020, just now 主语+动词过去式 I met my best friend three years ago. There was an earthquake in Highfield in 2021. 现在进行时 现在正在进行的动作 now, at the moment, Look!, Listen! 主语+ am/is/are+doing Look! They are playing football on the playground. 过去进行时 过去某个特定时间正在进行的动作 at 4:00 yesterday afternoon, at that time, while, when 主语+ was/were+doing I was working when the earthquake started. While I was reading, my mum was cooking. 三、核心易混时态对比 1. 一般过去时 vs 过去进行时 1) 一般过去时：强调动作已经完成，侧重结果 2) 过去进行时：强调动作正在进行，侧重过程 3) 对比： I wrote a letter last night.（昨晚写完了一封信） I was writing a letter at 8 last night.（昨晚 8 点正在写信，不一定写完） 2. 一般现在时 vs 现在进行时 1) 一般现在时：强调经常性、习惯性 2) 现在进行时：强调此时此刻正在进行 3) 对比： He plays football every afternoon.（每天下午都踢） He is playing football now.（现在正在踢） 四、运用方法 1. 先找句子中的时间状语标志，初步判断时态 2. 没有时间状语时，根据上下文语境和动作的完成性 / 持续性判断 3. 写作中根据动作发生的时间，正确使用不同时态，避免时态混乱 五、易错易混概念 1. 时间状语混淆： 错误 I watch TV yesterday. → 正确 I watched TV yesterday. 2. 过去进行时与一般过去时连用错误： 错误 While he arrived, I was reading. → 正确 When he arrived, I was reading. （when 接短暂动词，while 接延续动词） 3. 一般现在时三单漏加 s： 错误 He go to school by bike. → 正确 He goes to school by bike. 4. 现在进行时 be 动词漏加： 错误 I reading a book. → 正确 I am reading a book. 5. 客观真理用一般现在时： 错误 The teacher said the earth went around the sun. → 正确 The teacher said the earth goes around the sun. 实战巩固·基础过关 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. —Look! The students ______ an experiment (实验) in the science lab. —Wow, that's interesting. They ______ it every Wednesday afternoon. A. do; do B. are doing; do C. do; are doing D. are doing; are doing 2. My father ______ a speech at the school meeting yesterday, and he ______ nervous before it started. A. gives; feels B. gave; felt C. gave; was feeling D. was giving; felt 3. —What ______ you ______ at 8 o'clock last night? —I ______ a cartoon about the solar system (太阳系) with my little brother. A. did; do; watched B. were; doing; was watching C. do; do; watch D. are; doing; am watching 4. The geography teacher told us that the moon ______ around the earth. A. goes B. went C. is going D. was going 5. While Tom ______ his homework, his sister ______ to music. A. did; listened B. was doing; was listening C. did; was listening D. was doing; listened 6. —______ your mother often ______ breakfast for you? —Yes, but yesterday she ______ early for work, so I made it myself. A. Does; make; left B. Do; make; left C. Does; makes; leaves D. Do; makes; was leaving 7. Listen! Someone ______ the piano in the next room. It ______ so beautiful. A. plays; sounds B. is playing; sounds C. plays; is sounding D. is playing; is sounding 8. I ______ my English book at home this morning. I ______ to get it back during the break. A. forgot; went B. forgot; was going C. leave; go D. left; went 9. When the bell ______, all the students ______ their classroom quickly. A. rings; enter B. rang; were entering C. rang; entered D. was ringing; entered 10. —Why didn't you answer my phone just now? —Sorry, I ______ a shower and I ______ hear it. A. took; didn't B. was taking; didn't C. took; wasn't D. was taking; wasn't 二、完成句子： 根据所给提示，完成下列句子，每空一词。 （一）用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. My grandma usually ______ (water) the flowers in the garden every morning, but yesterday she ______ (not do) it because it rained. 2. —Where is Peter? —He ______ (play) basketball on the playground. He ______ (play) it for an hour every day. 3. At 7:00 yesterday evening, my family ______ (have) dinner together. We ______ (talk) about our summer holiday plans. 4. The sun ______ (rise) in the east and ______ (set) in the west. This is a basic fact of nature. 5. While I ______ (walk) along the street, I ______ (meet) an old friend of mine. （二）句型转换 1. Tom was reading a book in the library at that time. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答) —______ Tom ______ a book in the library at that time? —No, ______ ______. 2. They clean the classroom every day. (用 yesterday 改写句子) They ______ the classroom ______. 3. The girl is drawing a picture now. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ the girl ______ now? 4. He was watching TV when his mother came back. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ he ______ when his mother came back? 5. My sister does her homework at 7 every evening. (改为否定句) My sister ______ ______ her homework at 7 every evening. 实战巩固·能力进阶 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Last Friday, our class had a special science project. Our teacher, Mr. Wang, 1 us to observe (观察) ants and record their activities. We 2 into groups of four and went to the school garden. When we 3 at the garden, it was 9 o'clock in the morning. The sun 4 brightly, and many small animals 5 around. My group found a big ant nest (蚁巢) under a big tree. We 6 down and started to watch carefully. At first, we 7 only a few ants walking around. But soon, more and more ants came out. They 8 food and carrying it back to the nest. While we 9 them, a bird suddenly flew down. All the ants 10 into the nest quickly. It was amazing to see how they worked together! 1. A. asks B. asked C. is asking D. was asking 2. A. divide B. divided C. are divided D. were divided 3. A. arrive B. arrived C. are arriving D. were arriving 4. A. shines B. shone C. is shining D. was shining 5. A. move B. moved C. are moving D. were moving 6. A. sit B. sat C. are sitting D. were sitting 7. A. see B. saw C. are seeing D. were seeing 8. A. look for B. looked for C. are looking for D. were looking for 9. A. watch B. watched C. are watching D. were watching 10. A. run B. ran C. are running D. were running 二、阅读理解： 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The School Music Club is preparing for the end-of-term concert. Every afternoon after school, the members meet in the music room to practice. Today is Wednesday, and they are practicing a new song. Li Ming is playing the guitar. He practices for two hours every day. He wants to be a guitarist in the future. Wang Hong is singing. She has a beautiful voice. She sings in the school choir (合唱团) every Sunday. Zhang Wei is playing the drums. He is very good at it. He started learning drums when he was six years old. At the moment, their teacher, Miss Liu, is standing in front of them. She is listening carefully and giving them advice. "You are doing very well," she says. "But remember to play together. Music is about teamwork." The concert will be held next Friday. All the members are working hard. They hope to give a wonderful performance to their teachers and classmates. 1. When do the music club members practice? A. Every morning. B. Every afternoon after school. C. Every Sunday. D. Next Friday. 2. What is Li Ming doing now? A. He is singing. B. He is playing the drums. C. He is playing the guitar. D. He is giving advice. 3. How long does Li Ming practice every day? A. For one hour. B. For two hours. C. For three hours. D. For four hours. 4. Who is Miss Liu? A. A student in the music club. B. The music teacher. C. A famous singer. D. The headmaster. 5. What can we learn from the passage? A. The concert was held last Friday. B. Wang Hong started learning drums at six. C. Miss Liu thinks they need to improve their teamwork. D. Only three students are in the music club. B Have you ever watched a thunderstorm (雷暴)? Thunderstorms are very common in summer. They usually happen on hot and humid (潮湿的) afternoons. A thunderstorm starts when warm, wet air rises quickly into the sky. As the air rises, it cools down and forms clouds. These clouds grow bigger and bigger. When they become too heavy, rain starts to fall. While the rain is falling, lightning (闪电) and thunder happen. Lightning is a bright flash of electricity. It heats the air around it very quickly. This makes the air expand (膨胀) suddenly, and we hear thunder. Scientists say that lightning travels at about 300,000 kilometers per second. Thunder travels much slower, at about 340 meters per second. That's why we always see lightning before we hear thunder. If you count the number of seconds between the lightning and the thunder, and then divide by 3, you can know how far away the storm is. 1. When do thunderstorms usually happen? A. On cold winter mornings. B. On hot and humid summer afternoons. C. On cool spring evenings. D. On windy autumn days. 2. What happens first when a thunderstorm starts? A. Rain starts to fall. B. Lightning appears. C. Warm, wet air rises quickly. D. Thunder is heard. 3. Why do we see lightning before we hear thunder? A. Because lightning happens first. B. Because thunder travels faster than lightning. C. Because lightning travels much faster than thunder. D. Because our eyes work better than our ears. 4. If there are 6 seconds between lightning and thunder, how far away is the storm? A. About 2 kilometers. B. About 3 kilometers. C. About 6 kilometers. D. About 18 kilometers. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How thunderstorms form. B. How to stay safe during a thunderstorm. C. The damage caused by thunderstorms. D. Different types of storms. C On October 15, 2003, something important happened in China. Yang Liwei became the first Chinese astronaut to go into space. He stayed in space for 21 hours and made 14 orbits (轨道) around the earth. Yang Liwei was born in 1965 in Liaoning Province. He joined the Chinese Air Force in 1983. He became a pilot and flew many different types of planes. In 1998, he was chosen to be one of the first Chinese astronauts. He trained very hard for five years. When the Shenzhou V spaceship took off at 9 a.m. on October 15, Yang Liwei was sitting inside. He was very calm. While the spaceship was flying, he was working and taking notes. He also took some photos of the earth from space. At 6:23 a.m. on October 16, the spaceship landed safely in Inner Mongolia. Yang Liwei became a national hero. His trip into space was a great success for China. It showed that China had the ability to send people into space. 1. When did Yang Liwei go into space? A. In 1965. B. In 1983. C. In 1998. D. In 2003. 2. How long did Yang Liwei stay in space? A. For 14 hours. B. For 21 hours. C. For one day. D. For five years. 3. What was Yang Liwei doing while the spaceship was flying? A. He was sleeping. B. He was talking to his family. C. He was working and taking notes. D. He was watching TV. 4. Where did the spaceship land? A. In Liaoning Province. B. In Inner Mongolia. C. In Beijing. D. In Shanghai. 5. What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A. Yang Liwei was the first astronaut in the world. B. Yang Liwei didn't like his job as an astronaut. C. China's first manned space flight was a great success. D. No other Chinese astronauts have gone into space since then. D Last summer, my family and I went to Hainan Island for a holiday. We stayed there for two weeks. We had a wonderful time. We arrived in Haikou on July 15th. The weather was sunny and hot. We went to the beach in the afternoon. The sea was blue and beautiful. I was swimming in the sea while my parents were walking along the beach. We also ate a lot of delicious seafood. The next day, we took a bus to Sanya. Sanya is a beautiful city in the south of Hainan. We visited many interesting places there. We went to Tianya Haijiao, which means "the end of the sky and the sea". We also went to Yalong Bay. The beach there is very clean and the water is very clear. While we were staying in Sanya, we met some people from Nanjing. They were also on holiday. We became friends and played volleyball together on the beach. On July 29th, we went back home. We were tired but happy. I hope to go to Hainan again next summer. 1. How long did the writer stay in Hainan? A. For one week. B. For two weeks. C. For three weeks. D. For a month. 2. What was the writer doing while his parents were walking along the beach? A. He was swimming in the sea. B. He was eating seafood. C. He was taking photos. D. He was playing volleyball. 3. How did they go to Sanya? A. By plane. B. By train. C. By bus. D. By ship. 4. Who did they meet in Sanya? A. Some people from Beijing. B. Some people from Nanjing. C. Some people from Shanghai. D. Some people from Guangzhou. 5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. They arrived in Haikou on July 15th. B. The weather in Haikou was sunny and hot. C. They visited Tianya Haijiao and Yalong Bay. D. They went back home on July 30th. 实战巩固·拓展培优 一、七选五： 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The summer holiday is coming soon. 1 Here are some ideas for you. Learn a new skill You can learn to play a musical instrument, like the guitar or the piano. 2 You can also learn to cook. It's a useful skill and you can make delicious food for your family. Read more books Reading is a good way to improve your English. 3 You can also read books about science, history or art. They can open up your eyes to the world. Do some volunteer work Volunteering is a great way to help others and make new friends. 4 You can also help clean up the park or visit the old people's home. Travel with your family Travelling is fun and exciting. 5 You can visit different places, meet new people and learn about different cultures. It will be a wonderful experience. A. You can help teach children English in the community. B. Many students don't know what to do during the holiday. C. You can read English storybooks or newspapers. D. It takes time and practice to learn a new skill. E. You can go to the mountains or the seaside with your parents. F. You can practice for half an hour every day. G. Reading too much is bad for your eyes. 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业14 四大核心时态综合辨析与运用 知识复盘 一、基本概念 八年级上册要求掌握的四大时态：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时，是初中英语时态体系的基础，也是中考语法填空和写作的必考考点。 二、四大时态核心对比表 时态 核心含义 时间状语标志 基本结构 教材原句 一般现在时 经常性、习惯性动作；客观真理、事实 always, usually, often, sometimes, every day/week, once a month 主语+动原/三单 I go to school at 7 every morning. The earth goes around the sun. 一般过去时 过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态 yesterday, last week, ago, in 2020, just now 主语+动词过去式 I met my best friend three years ago. There was an earthquake in Highfield in 2021. 现在进行时 现在正在进行的动作 now, at the moment, Look!, Listen! 主语+ am/is/are+doing Look! They are playing football on the playground. 过去进行时 过去某个特定时间正在进行的动作 at 4:00 yesterday afternoon, at that time, while, when 主语+ was/were+doing I was working when the earthquake started. While I was reading, my mum was cooking. 三、核心易混时态对比 1. 一般过去时 vs 过去进行时 1) 一般过去时：强调动作已经完成，侧重结果 2) 过去进行时：强调动作正在进行，侧重过程 3) 对比： I wrote a letter last night.（昨晚写完了一封信） I was writing a letter at 8 last night.（昨晚 8 点正在写信，不一定写完） 2. 一般现在时 vs 现在进行时 1) 一般现在时：强调经常性、习惯性 2) 现在进行时：强调此时此刻正在进行 3) 对比： He plays football every afternoon.（每天下午都踢） He is playing football now.（现在正在踢） 四、运用方法 1. 先找句子中的时间状语标志，初步判断时态 2. 没有时间状语时，根据上下文语境和动作的完成性 / 持续性判断 3. 写作中根据动作发生的时间，正确使用不同时态，避免时态混乱 五、易错易混概念 1. 时间状语混淆： 错误 I watch TV yesterday. → 正确 I watched TV yesterday. 2. 过去进行时与一般过去时连用错误： 错误 While he arrived, I was reading. → 正确 When he arrived, I was reading. （when 接短暂动词，while 接延续动词） 3. 一般现在时三单漏加 s： 错误 He go to school by bike. → 正确 He goes to school by bike. 4. 现在进行时 be 动词漏加： 错误 I reading a book. → 正确 I am reading a book. 5. 客观真理用一般现在时： 错误 The teacher said the earth went around the sun. → 正确 The teacher said the earth goes around the sun. 实战巩固·基础过关 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. —Look! The students ______ an experiment (实验) in the science lab. —Wow, that's interesting. They ______ it every Wednesday afternoon. A. do; do B. are doing; do C. do; are doing D. are doing; are doing 【答案】B 【解析】句意：—— 看！学生们正在科学实验室做实验。—— 哇，真有趣。他们每周三下午都做。考查现在进行时和一般现在时。Look! 是现在进行时的标志性提示词，强调此刻正在进行的动作，故第一空用 are doing；every Wednesday afternoon 是一般现在时的时间状语，主语 They 是复数，故第二空用 do。 2. My father ______ a speech at the school meeting yesterday, and he ______ nervous before it started. A. gives; feels B. gave; felt C. gave; was feeling D. was giving; felt 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我爸爸昨天在学校会议上做了演讲，而且在演讲开始前他感到紧张。考查一般过去时。yesterday 是一般过去时的时间状语，两个动作都发生在过去，give 的过去式是 gave，feel 的过去式是 felt，故选 B。 3. —What ______ you ______ at 8 o'clock last night? —I ______ a cartoon about the solar system (太阳系) with my little brother. A. did; do; watched B. were; doing; was watching C. do; do; watch D. are; doing; am watching 【答案】B 【解析】句意：—— 昨晚 8 点你在做什么？—— 我和我弟弟正在看一部关于太阳系的动画片。考查过去进行时。at 8 o'clock last night 是过去具体的时间点，强调该时刻正在进行的动作，要用过去进行时（was/were+doing），主语 you 用 were，I 用 was，故选 B。 4. The geography teacher told us that the moon ______ around the earth. A. goes B. went C. is going D. was going 【答案】A 【解析】句意：地理老师告诉我们月亮绕着地球转。考查宾语从句的时态。当宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然规律时，无论主句用什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。the moon 是第三人称单数，故用 goes。 5. While Tom ______ his homework, his sister ______ to music. A. did; listened B. was doing; was listening C. did; was listening D. was doing; listened 【答案】B 【解析】句意：当汤姆在做作业时，他的妹妹在听音乐。考查 while 引导的时间状语从句的时态。while 强调主从句的动作同时发生，且都是延续性动作，通常都用过去进行时（was/were+doing），故选 B。 6. —______ your mother often ______ breakfast for you? —Yes, but yesterday she ______ early for work, so I made it myself. A. Does; make; left B. Do; make; left C. Does; makes; leaves D. Do; makes; was leaving 【答案】A 【解析】句意：—— 你妈妈经常给你做早餐吗？—— 是的，但昨天她早早去上班了，所以我自己做的。考查一般现在时和一般过去时。often 是一般现在时的标志，主语 your mother 是第三人称单数，助动词用 Does，后接动词原形 make；yesterday 是一般过去时的标志，leave 的过去式是 left，故选 A。 7. Listen! Someone ______ the piano in the next room. It ______ so beautiful. A. plays; sounds B. is playing; sounds C. plays; is sounding D. is playing; is sounding 【答案】B 【解析】句意：听！有人在隔壁房间弹钢琴。听起来真好听。考查现在进行时和系动词的用法。Listen! 是现在进行时的标志，故第一空用 is playing；sound 是感官系动词，无进行时态，主语 It 是第三人称单数，故第二空用 sounds。 8. I ______ my English book at home this morning. I ______ to get it back during the break. A. forgot; went B. forgot; was going C. leave; go D. left; went 【答案】D 【解析】句意：今天早上我把英语书落在家里了。我课间去把它拿回来了。考查一般过去时和动词辨析。this morning 是过去的时间状语，“把某物落在某地” 用 leave sth.+ 地点，leave 的过去式是 left；“去拿” 是过去发生的动作，go 的过去式是 went，故选 D。 9. When the bell ______, all the students ______ their classroom quickly. A. rings; enter B. rang; were entering C. rang; entered D. was ringing; entered 【答案】C 【解析】句意：当铃声响起时，所有学生都快速进入了教室。考查 when 引导的时间状语从句的时态。此处主从句的动作都是短暂性动作，先后发生，都用一般过去时。ring 的过去式是 rang，enter 的过去式是 entered，故选 C。 10. —Why didn't you answer my phone just now? —Sorry, I ______ a shower and I ______ hear it. A. took; didn't B. was taking; didn't C. took; wasn't D. was taking; wasn't 【答案】B 【解析】句意：—— 你刚才为什么不接我电话？—— 对不起，我正在洗澡，没听到。考查过去进行时和一般过去时。问句询问刚才没接电话的原因，强调当时正在进行的动作，用过去进行时 was taking；“没听到” 是过去发生的事实，用一般过去时的否定形式 didn't hear，故选 B。 二、完成句子： 根据所给提示，完成下列句子，每空一词。 （一）用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. My grandma usually ______ (water) the flowers in the garden every morning, but yesterday she ______ (not do) it because it rained. 【答案】waters; didn’t do 【解析】句意：我奶奶通常每天早上在花园里浇花，但昨天因为下雨她没浇。第一空有 "usually" 和 "every morning"，表示经常性、习惯性动作，用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故填 waters；第二空有 "yesterday"，表示过去的动作，用一般过去时的否定形式，故填 didn't do。 2. —Where is Peter? —He ______ (play) basketball on the playground. He ______ (play) it for an hour every day. 【答案】is playing; plays 【解析】句意：—— 彼得在哪里？—— 他正在操场上打篮球。他每天打一个小时篮球。第一空询问对方此刻在哪里，回答表示正在进行的动作，用现在进行时，故填 is playing；第二空有 "every day"，表示经常性动作，用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故填 plays。 3. At 7:00 yesterday evening, my family ______ (have) dinner together. We ______ (talk) about our summer holiday plans. 【答案】were having; were talking 【解析】句意：昨天晚上 7 点，我的家人正在一起吃晚饭。我们正在谈论我们的暑假计划。"At 7:00 yesterday evening" 是过去具体的时间点，表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，用过去进行时，主语 "my family" 和 "We" 均为复数，故分别填 were having 和 were talking。 4. The sun ______ (rise) in the east and ______ (set) in the west. This is a basic fact of nature. 【答案】rises; sets 【解析】句意：太阳从东方升起，在西方落下。这是一个基本的自然事实。表示客观真理、自然规律时，用一般现在时，主语 "The sun" 是第三人称单数，故分别填 rises 和 sets。 5. While I ______ (walk) along the street, I ______ (meet) an old friend of mine. 【答案】was walking; met 【解析】句意：当我正沿着街道走的时候，我遇到了我的一个老朋友。"while" 引导时间状语从句时，从句中延续性动作用过去进行时，表示过去某个动作正在进行；主句中短暂性动作用一般过去时，故分别填 was walking 和 met。 （二）句型转换 1. Tom was reading a book in the library at that time. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答) —______ Tom ______ a book in the library at that time? —No, ______ ______. 【答案】Was; reading; he wasn’t 【解析】原句句意：那时汤姆正在图书馆看书。时态判断：句中 "at that time"（在那时）是过去进行时的标志性时间状语，过去进行时的结构为：主语 + was/were + 动词 - ing 形式。 一般疑问句转换规则：含有 be 动词（was/were）的句子变一般疑问句时，直接将 be 动词提到句首，句末用问号，其余部分保持不变。本句主语 Tom 是第三人称单数，be 动词用 was，因此将 was 提前，reading 保持不变。 否定回答规则：一般疑问句的否定回答结构为：No, 主语代词 + be 动词的否定形式。Tom 对应的人称代词主格是 he，was 的否定形式是 wasn't。 2. They clean the classroom every day. (用 yesterday 改写句子) They ______ the classroom ______. 【答案】cleaned; yesterday 【解析】· 原句句意：他们每天打扫教室。时态转换：原句中 "every day"（每天）是一般现在时的标志，谓语动词用原形 clean（主语 they 是复数）。 改写要求：用 "yesterday"（昨天）改写，yesterday 是一般过去时的标志性时间状语，因此需要将谓语动词变为过去式。动词过去式变化：clean 是规则动词，其过去式直接在词尾加 - ed，即 cleaned；同时将时间状语 every day 替换为 yesterday。 3. The girl is drawing a picture now. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ the girl ______ now? 【答案】What is; doing 【解析】原句句意：那个女孩现在正在画画。时态判断：句中 "now"（现在）是现在进行时的标志，现在进行时的结构为：主语 + am/is/are + 动词 - ing 形式。 划线部分分析：划线部分 "drawing a picture"（画画）是句子的谓语动作，对 "做什么" 提问要用疑问词What。 特殊疑问句转换规则：现在进行时对动作提问的固定结构为：What + am/is/are + 主语 + doing + 其他？。本句主语 the girl 是第三人称单数，be 动词用 is，原来的动词 drawing a picture 用 doing 代替。 4. He was watching TV when his mother came back. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ he ______ when his mother came back? 【答案】What was; doing 【解析】原句句意：他妈妈回来的时候，他正在看电视。时态判断：本句是含有 when 引导的时间状语从句的复合句，主句用过去进行时（was watching TV），表示在过去某个动作（妈妈回来）发生时，另一个动作正在进行。 划线部分分析：划线部分 "watching TV"（看电视）是主句的谓语动作，对 "做什么" 提问要用疑问词What。 特殊疑问句转换规则：过去进行时对动作提问的固定结构为：What + was/were + 主语 + doing + 其他？。本句主语 he 是第三人称单数，be 动词用 was，原来的动词 watching TV 用 doing 代替。 5. My sister does her homework at 7 every evening. (改为否定句) My sister ______ ______ her homework at 7 every evening. 【答案】doesn’t do 【解析】原句句意：我妹妹每天晚上 7 点做作业。时态判断：句中 "every evening"（每天晚上）是一般现在时的标志。 否定句转换规则：一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数（my sister）时，变否定句需要借助助动词 doesn't，并将原来的第三人称单数谓语动词还原为原形。 易错点提醒：原句中的 "does" 是实义动词 do（做）的第三人称单数形式，不是助动词。因此变否定句时，不能直接在 does 后加 not，而要先加助动词 doesn't，再把 does 还原为原形 do，最终结构为 doesn't do。 实战巩固·能力进阶 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Last Friday, our class had a special science project. Our teacher, Mr. Wang, 1 us to observe (观察) ants and record their activities. We 2 into groups of four and went to the school garden. When we 3 at the garden, it was 9 o'clock in the morning. The sun 4 brightly, and many small animals 5 around. My group found a big ant nest (蚁巢) under a big tree. We 6 down and started to watch carefully. At first, we 7 only a few ants walking around. But soon, more and more ants came out. They 8 food and carrying it back to the nest. While we 9 them, a bird suddenly flew down. All the ants 10 into the nest quickly. It was amazing to see how they worked together! 1. A. asked B. asks C. is asking D. was asking 2. A. divide B. divided C. are divided D. were divided 3. A. arrive B. arrived C. are arriving D. were arriving 4. A. shines B. shone C. is shining D. was shining 5. A. move B. moved C. were moving D. are moving 6. A. sit B. sat C. are sitting D. were sitting 7. A. saw B. see C. are seeing D. were seeing 8. A. look for B. looked for C. are looking for D. were looking for 9. A. watch B. watched C. were watching D. are watching 10. A. run B. ran C. are running D. were running 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. B 【解析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了上周五作者班级开展的一次特别的科学实践活动。同学们在王老师的带领下分组前往学校花园观察蚂蚁，记录了蚂蚁觅食、遇袭躲避的全过程，感叹于蚂蚁群体团结协作的生存智慧。 1. 句意：我们的王老师要求我们观察蚂蚁并记录它们的活动。解析：全文围绕 "Last Friday"（上周五）发生的过去事件展开，用一般过去时。ask 的过去式为 asked。 2. 句意：我们被分成四人一组，然后去了学校花园。解析：主语 we 是动作 divide（划分）的承受者，需用被动语态；事件发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态 were divided。 3. 句意：当我们到达花园时，是早上 9 点钟。解析：arrive 是瞬间性动词，表示过去某个时间点发生的动作，用一般过去时 arrived。 4. 句意：太阳正明亮地照耀着。解析：描述过去具体时间（早上 9 点）正在进行的延续性动作，用过去进行时 was shining。 5. 句意：许多小动物正在四处活动。解析：与 "太阳照耀" 是同时进行的过去延续性动作，用过去进行时；主语 animals 是复数，be 动词用 were。 6. 句意：我们坐下并开始仔细观察。解析：sit 与后面的 started 是并列的过去瞬间动作，用一般过去时 sat。 7. 句意：起初，我们只看到几只蚂蚁在四处走动。解析：see 是瞬间性动词，表示过去发生的动作，用一般过去时 saw。 8. 句意：它们正在寻找食物并把它搬回巢穴。解析：and 连接两个并列的过去进行时动作，后面是 carrying，前面也用 were looking for 保持时态一致。 9. 句意：当我们正在观察它们的时候，一只鸟突然飞了下来。解析：while 引导时间状语从句，强调主句动作发生时从句动作正在进行，用过去进行时 were watching。 10. 句意：所有的蚂蚁都迅速跑进了巢穴。解析：run 是瞬间性动词，表示过去发生的动作，用一般过去时 ran。 二、阅读理解： 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The School Music Club is preparing for the end-of-term concert. Every afternoon after school, the members meet in the music room to practice. Today is Wednesday, and they are practicing a new song. Li Ming is playing the guitar. He practices for two hours every day. He wants to be a guitarist in the future. Wang Hong is singing. She has a beautiful voice. She sings in the school choir (合唱团) every Sunday. Zhang Wei is playing the drums. He is very good at it. He started learning drums when he was six years old. At the moment, their teacher, Miss Liu, is standing in front of them. She is listening carefully and giving them advice. "You are doing very well," she says. "But remember to play together. Music is about teamwork." The concert will be held next Friday. All the members are working hard. They hope to give a wonderful performance to their teachers and classmates. 1. When do the music club members practice? A. Every morning. B. Every afternoon after school. C. Every Sunday. D. Next Friday. 2. What is Li Ming doing now? A. He is singing. B. He is playing the drums. C. He is playing the guitar. D. He is giving advice. 3. How long does Li Ming practice every day? A. For one hour. B. For two hours. C. For three hours. D. For four hours. 4. Who is Miss Liu? A. A student in the music club. B. The music teacher. C. A famous singer. D. The headmaster. 5. What can we learn from the passage? A. The concert was held last Friday. B. Wang Hong started learning drums at six. C. Miss Liu thinks they need to improve their teamwork. D. Only three students are in the music club. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. C 【解析】这是一篇记叙文，介绍了学校音乐俱乐部为筹备期末音乐会开展日常排练的情况。文章分别描述了李明、王红、张伟三位成员的练习内容和个人特长，以及刘老师对排练的指导，展现了全体成员为呈现精彩演出共同努力的状态。 1. 细节理解题。解析：根据第一段第二句 "Every afternoon after school, the members meet in the music room to practice." 可知，俱乐部成员每天放学后下午练习，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。解析：根据第二段第一句 "Li Ming is playing the guitar." 可知，李明现在正在弹吉他，故选 C。 3. 细节理解题。解析：根据第二段第二句 "He practices for two hours every day." 可知，李明每天练习两小时，故选 B。 4. 细节理解题。解析：根据第三段第一句 "At the moment, their teacher, Miss Liu, is standing in front of them." 可知，刘老师是音乐俱乐部的指导老师，故选 B。 5. 推理判断题。解析：根据第三段最后一句 "But remember to play together. Music is about teamwork." 可知，刘老师提醒大家要一起演奏，说明她认为成员们需要提升团队协作能力。A 项音乐会时间应为下周五；B 项六岁学鼓的是张伟；D 项文中只提到三位成员，并非只有三人，故选 C。 B Have you ever watched a thunderstorm (雷暴)? Thunderstorms are very common in summer. They usually happen on hot and humid (潮湿的) afternoons. A thunderstorm starts when warm, wet air rises quickly into the sky. As the air rises, it cools down and forms clouds. These clouds grow bigger and bigger. When they become too heavy, rain starts to fall. While the rain is falling, lightning (闪电) and thunder happen. Lightning is a bright flash of electricity. It heats the air around it very quickly. This makes the air expand (膨胀) suddenly, and we hear thunder. Scientists say that lightning travels at about 300,000 kilometers per second. Thunder travels much slower, at about 340 meters per second. That's why we always see lightning before we hear thunder. If you count the number of seconds between the lightning and the thunder, and then divide by 3, you can know how far away the storm is. 1. When do thunderstorms usually happen? A. On cold winter mornings. B. On hot and humid summer afternoons. C. On cool spring evenings. D. On windy autumn days. 2. What happens first when a thunderstorm starts? A. Rain starts to fall. B. Lightning appears. C. Warm, wet air rises quickly. D. Thunder is heard. 3. Why do we see lightning before we hear thunder? A. Because lightning happens first. B. Because thunder travels faster than lightning. C. Because lightning travels much faster than thunder. D. Because our eyes work better than our ears. 4. If there are 6 seconds between lightning and thunder, how far away is the storm? A. About 2 kilometers. B. About 3 kilometers. C. About 6 kilometers. D. About 18 kilometers. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How thunderstorms form. B. How to stay safe during a thunderstorm. C. The damage caused by thunderstorms. D. Different types of storms. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. A 【解析】这是一篇科普说明文，主要介绍了雷暴的相关科学知识。文章依次说明了雷暴的常见发生时间、形成过程、闪电和雷声的产生原理，以及如何通过闪电与雷声的时间差计算风暴的距离，用通俗易懂的语言解释了自然现象背后的科学道理。 1. 细节理解题。解析：根据第一段第二、三句 "Thunderstorms are very common in summer. They usually happen on hot and humid afternoons." 可知，雷暴通常发生在炎热潮湿的夏季午后，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。解析：根据第二段第一句 "A thunderstorm starts when warm, wet air rises quickly into the sky." 可知，雷暴开始时最先发生的是暖湿空气快速上升，故选 C。 3. 细节理解题。解析：根据第四段第一、二句 "Scientists say that lightning travels at about 300,000 kilometers per second. Thunder travels much slower, at about 340 meters per second." 可知，我们先看到闪电后听到雷声是因为闪电的传播速度比雷声快得多，故选 C。 4. 数字计算题。解析：根据第四段最后一句 "If you count the number of seconds between the lightning and the thunder, and then divide by 3, you can know how far away the storm is." 可知，6 秒除以 3 等于 2 公里，故选 A。 5. 主旨大意题。解析：文章围绕雷暴展开，重点介绍了其形成的完整过程，同时补充了闪电雷声的原理和距离计算方法。B 选项安全措施、C 选项雷暴危害、D 选项不同风暴类型文中均未提及，故选 A。 C On October 15, 2003, something important happened in China. Yang Liwei became the first Chinese astronaut to go into space. He stayed in space for 21 hours and made 14 orbits (轨道) around the earth. Yang Liwei was born in 1965 in Liaoning Province. He joined the Chinese Air Force in 1983. He became a pilot and flew many different types of planes. In 1998, he was chosen to be one of the first Chinese astronauts. He trained very hard for five years. When the Shenzhou V spaceship took off at 9 a.m. on October 15, Yang Liwei was sitting inside. He was very calm. While the spaceship was flying, he was working and taking notes. He also took some photos of the earth from space. At 6:23 a.m. on October 16, the spaceship landed safely in Inner Mongolia. Yang Liwei became a national hero. His trip into space was a great success for China. It showed that China had the ability to send people into space. 1. When did Yang Liwei go into space? A. In 1965. B. In 1983. C. In 1998. D. In 2003. 2. How long did Yang Liwei stay in space? A. For 14 hours. B. For 21 hours. C. For one day. D. For five years. 3. What was Yang Liwei doing while the spaceship was flying? A. He was sleeping. B. He was talking to his family. C. He was working and taking notes. D. He was watching TV. 4. Where did the spaceship land? A. In Liaoning Province. B. In Inner Mongolia. C. In Beijing. D. In Shanghai. 5. What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A. Yang Liwei was the first astronaut in the world. B. Yang Liwei didn't like his job as an astronaut. C. China's first manned space flight was a great success. D. No other Chinese astronauts have gone into space since then. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C 【解析】这是一篇记叙文，记录了中国首位航天员杨利伟乘坐神舟五号飞船进入太空的历史性事件。文章介绍了杨利伟的个人成长经历、太空飞行的全过程，以及这次载人航天任务对中国航天事业的重大意义。 1. 细节理解题。解析：根据第一段第一、二句 "On October 15, 2003... Yang Liwei became the first Chinese astronaut to go into space." 可知，杨利伟于 2003 年进入太空。A 是他出生年份，B 是他参军年份，C 是他入选宇航员年份，故选 D。 2. 细节理解题。解析：根据第一段第三句 "He stayed in space for 21 hours and made 14 orbits around the earth." 可知，他在太空停留了 21 小时，故选 B。 3. 细节理解题。解析：根据第三段第三句 "While the spaceship was flying, he was working and taking notes." 可知，飞船飞行时他在工作并做笔记，故选 C。 4. 细节理解题。解析：根据第四段第一句 "At 6:23 a.m. on October 16, the spaceship landed safely in Inner Mongolia." 可知，飞船在内蒙古着陆，故选 B。 5. 推理判断题。解析：根据第四段第三句 "His trip into space was a great success for China." 可推断出中国首次载人航天飞行取得了巨大成功。A 项杨利伟是中国首位而非世界首位航天员；B 项文中未提及他不喜欢这份工作；D 项与事实不符，故选 C。 D Last summer, my family and I went to Hainan Island for a holiday. We stayed there for two weeks. We had a wonderful time. We arrived in Haikou on July 15th. The weather was sunny and hot. We went to the beach in the afternoon. The sea was blue and beautiful. I was swimming in the sea while my parents were walking along the beach. We also ate a lot of delicious seafood. The next day, we took a bus to Sanya. Sanya is a beautiful city in the south of Hainan. We visited many interesting places there. We went to Tianya Haijiao, which means "the end of the sky and the sea". We also went to Yalong Bay. The beach there is very clean and the water is very clear. While we were staying in Sanya, we met some people from Nanjing. They were also on holiday. We became friends and played volleyball together on the beach. On July 29th, we went back home. We were tired but happy. I hope to go to Hainan again next summer. 1. How long did the writer stay in Hainan? A. For one week. B. For two weeks. C. For three weeks. D. For a month. 2. What was the writer doing while his parents were walking along the beach? A. He was swimming in the sea. B. He was eating seafood. C. He was taking photos. D. He was playing volleyball. 3. How did they go to Sanya? A. By plane. B. By train. C. By bus. D. By ship. 4. Who did they meet in Sanya? A. Some people from Beijing. B. Some people from Nanjing. C. Some people from Shanghai. D. Some people from Guangzhou. 5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. They arrived in Haikou on July 15th. B. The weather in Haikou was sunny and hot. C. They visited Tianya Haijiao and Yalong Bay. D. They went back home on July 30th. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. D 【解析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者去年夏天和家人去海南岛度假的愉快经历。文章按时间顺序介绍了他们在海口和三亚的行程，包括海边游玩、品尝海鲜、参观景点以及结识新朋友的过程，表达了作者对这次旅行的满意和对再次前往海南的期待。 1. 细节理解题。解析：根据第一段第二句 "We stayed there for two weeks." 可知，作者一家在海南待了两周，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。解析：根据第二段第五句 "I was swimming in the sea while my parents were walking along the beach." 可知，父母在沙滩散步时，作者正在海里游泳，故选 A。 3. 细节理解题。解析：根据第三段第一句 "The next day, we took a bus to Sanya." 可知，他们乘坐公交车去了三亚，故选 C。 4. 细节理解题。解析：根据第四段第一句 "While we were staying in Sanya, we met some people from Nanjing." 可知，他们在三亚遇到了一些来自南京的人，故选 B。 5. 细节判断题。解析：根据最后一段第一句 "On July 29th, we went back home." 可知，他们是 7 月 29 日回家的，并非 7 月 30 日。A、B、C 三项均与原文内容相符，故选 D。 实战巩固·拓展培优 一、七选五： 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The summer holiday is coming soon. 1 Here are some ideas for you. Learn a new skill You can learn to play a musical instrument, like the guitar or the piano. 2 You can also learn to cook. It's a useful skill and you can make delicious food for your family. Read more books Reading is a good way to improve your English. 3 You can also read books about science, history or art. They can open up your eyes to the world. Do some volunteer work Volunteering is a great way to help others and make new friends. 4 You can also help clean up the park or visit the old people's home. Travel with your family Travelling is fun and exciting. 5 You can visit different places, meet new people and learn about different cultures. It will be a wonderful experience. A. You can help teach children English in the community. B. Many students don't know what to do during the holiday. C. You can read English storybooks or newspapers. D. It takes time and practice to learn a new skill. E. You can go to the mountains or the seaside with your parents. F. You can practice for half an hour every day. G. Reading too much is bad for your eyes. 【答案】1. B 2. F 3. C 4. A 5. E 【解析】这是一篇说明文，针对即将到来的暑假，为学生们提供了四个充实且有意义的假期活动建议，涵盖技能学习、阅读提升、志愿服务和家庭旅行四个方面。 1. 语境衔接题。解析：前文提到 “The summer holiday is coming soon.”，后文说 “Here are some ideas for you.”。选项 B“Many students don't know what to do during the holiday.” 自然衔接前后文，说明给出建议的原因。 2. 语境衔接题。解析：前文提到 “You can learn to play a musical instrument, like the guitar or the piano.”。选项 F“You can practice for half an hour every day.” 是针对学习乐器给出的具体可行的建议，符合本段 “学习新技能” 的主题。 3. 语境衔接题。解析：前文提到 “Reading is a good way to improve your English.”，后文说 “You can also read books about science, history or art.”。选项 C“You can read English storybooks or newspapers.” 具体说明了能提高英语的阅读材料，与后文的其他书籍类型形成并列。 4. 语境衔接题。解析：本段主题是 “Do some volunteer work”，后文说 “You can also help clean up the park or visit the old people's home.”。选项 A“You can help teach children English in the community.” 是另一个具体的志愿活动例子，与后文内容并列。 5. 语境衔接题。解析：本段主题是 “Travel with your family”，后文说 “You can visit different places, meet new people and learn about different cultures.”。选项 E“You can go to the mountains or the seaside with your parents.” 具体说明了和家人旅行的地点，符合语境。 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $