八上预习作业12 核心动词与动词短语分类记忆（新知精练）-2026年新八年级英语暑假预习作业（新教材译林版）

**基本信息** 以动词分类为核心，通过“概念-规则-辨析-应用”四层架构系统突破动词及短语记忆与运用，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识复盘|动词分类表（3类30词）、短语20个、易混点4组|动词分类法（及物/不及物/系动词）、短语固定搭配规则、易混词对比辨析（如raise/rise）|从动词词性分类到短语搭配，再到易混概念辨析，形成“概念-规则-辨析”递进链条| |基础过关|单词默写（30词）、短语默写（10个）、单句填空（10题）|音标-单词-释义联动记忆法、时态运用规则|通过机械记忆到简单语境应用，巩固基础词汇与语法| |能力进阶|完形1篇、阅读4篇|语境动词辨析法、动词短语语境匹配|依托语篇考查动词在真实情境中的运用，提升语言综合能力| |拓展培优|首字母填空1篇|首字母提示下的动词运用策略|结合语篇逻辑考查动词灵活运用，培养思维品质|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业12 核心动词与动词短语分类记忆 知识复盘 一、核心动词分类（全册，含不规则过去式 / 过去分词） 类别 核心动词（过去式 / 过去分词） 及物动词 understand(understood/understood); encourage(encouraged/encouraged); believe(believed/believed); offer(offered/offered); develop(developed/developed); protect(protected/protected); invent(invented/invented); predict(predicted/predicted); translate(translated/translated); warn(warned/warned) 不及物动词 laugh (laughed/laughed); lie (lay/lain 躺; lied/lied 说谎); fight (fought/fought); nod (nodded/nodded); return (returned/returned); disappear (disappeared/disappeared); melt (melted/melted); blow (blew/blown); shine (shone/shone); smell (smelt/smelt) 系动词 seem(seemed/seemed); sound(sounded/sounded); taste(tasted/tasted); look(looked/looked); stay(stayed/stayed); turn(turned/turned); become(became/become); get(got/got); grow(grew/grown) 二、必考动词短语（全册） 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 keep secrets 保密 get along with 与……和睦相处 look forward to 期待 pay attention to 注意 be aware of 意识到 take action 采取行动 thanks to 多亏 in danger 处于危险中 at risk 有危险 lead to 导致 set up 建立 calm down 平静下来 put out 扑灭 in all directions 四处 come true 实现 take care of 照顾 give up 放弃 look for 寻找 find out 查明 三、运用方法 1. 及物动词后必须接宾语，不及物动词后接宾语需加介词 2. 动词短语是固定搭配，介词不能随意更换 四、易错易混概念 1. raise/rise 混淆： raise 是及物动词（举起、筹集）; rise 是不及物动词（升起、上升） 例：He raised his hand.; The sun rises in the east. 2. lie/lay 混淆： lie（躺，lay-lain）; lie（说谎，lied-lied）; lay（放置，laid-laid） 3. look for/find 混淆： look for 强调寻找的动作; find 强调寻找的结果 4. take place/happen 混淆： take place 指有计划、有安排地发生; happen 指偶然发生 动词短语的及物性：look for 是及物短语，后面必须接宾语; take place 是不及物短语，不能接宾语 实战巩固·基础过关 一、单词默写，根据音标，写出单词及中文释义： 音标 英文 中文 /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/ /bɪˈliːv/ /ˈɒfə(r)/ /dɪˈveləp/ /prəˈtekt/ /ɪnˈvent/ /prɪˈdɪkt/ /trænsˈleɪt/ /wɔːn/ /lɑːf/ /laɪ/ /faɪt/ /nɒd/ /rɪˈtɜːn/ /ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r)/ /melt/ /bləʊ/ /ʃaɪn/ /smel/ /siːm/ /saʊnd/ /teɪst/ /lʊk/ /steɪ/ /tɜːn/ /bɪˈkʌm/ /ɡet/ /ɡrəʊ/ /reɪz/ 二、动词短语默写： 1. 保密 _______________ 2. 与……和睦相处 _______________ 3. 期待；盼望 _______________ 4. 注意；关注 _______________ 5. 采取行动 _______________ 6. 导致；引起 _______________ 7. 建立；创立 _______________ 8. 平静下来；镇定下来 _______________ 9. 实现；成为现实 _______________ 10. 查明；弄清楚 _______________ 三、单句填空： 根据句意，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，每空一词 1. The sun _______________ (shine) brightly in the sky when we arrived at the park yesterday. 2. My teacher always _______________ (encourage) me to speak English bravely in class. 3. The ice _______________ (melt) quickly when the sun came out this morning. 4. He _______________ (lie) on the grass and looked at the stars last night. 5. If you _______________ (warn) him earlier, he wouldn't have made such a mistake. 6. The little girl _______________ (disappear) in the crowd suddenly and her parents were very worried. 7. The leaves _______________ (turn) yellow and red in autumn every year. 8. She _______________ (translate) this English novel into Chinese last month. 9. We should _______________ (protect) the endangered animals from being killed. 10. The wind _______________ (blow) strongly last night and many trees fell down. 实战巩固·能力进阶 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Our School's Environmental Project Last month, our school started an environmental project to protect the Earth. Our teacher, Ms. Wang, 1 us to think about what we could do to make our school greener. After a class discussion, we decided to 2 a "Green Club" to organize different activities. First, we put up posters around the school to tell everyone about our project. We wanted everyone to 3 the importance of protecting the environment. We also asked students to 4 their used books and clothes for the children in poor areas. One sunny afternoon, we had a big clean-up activity in the schoolyard. We picked up rubbish everywhere and sorted it into different bins. When we got tired, we 5 under a big tree and had a rest. The sun 6 warmly and the birds sang happily. We all 7 that it was a meaningful day. Next week, we are going to plant some trees and flowers in the school garden. We hope that our school will 8 more beautiful in the future. We also plan to give a speech to the younger students to tell them how to 9 the environment. 10 our project, more and more students are starting to care about the environment. We believe that if everyone takes action, our Earth will become a better place to live. 1. A. encouraged B. believed C. offered D. understood 2. A. put out B. set up C. take place D. come true 3. A. be aware of B. look forward to C. get along with D. pay attention to 4. A. raise B. rise C. lay D. lie 5. A. fought B. nodded C. lay D. returned 6. A. shone B. smelt C. sounded D. tasted 7. A. seemed B. looked C. felt D. became 8. A. grow B. turn C. get D. stay 9. A. develop B. protect C. invent D. predict 10. A. Thanks to B. Instead of C. According to D. Because 二、阅读理解： 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Thomas Edison was one of the greatest inventors in the world. He invented more than 1,000 things in his lifetime, including the electric light bulb, the phonograph (留声机), and the motion picture camera. Edison was born in 1847 in the United States. When he was a child, he was very curious about everything. He often asked his teachers strange questions, and they didn't understand him. His mother took him out of school and taught him at home. She encouraged him to read and do experiments. At the age of 12, Edison got his first job selling newspapers and candy on a train. He set up a small laboratory in the train car so that he could do experiments in his free time. One day, a chemical fire broke out in his laboratory, and the train conductor was very angry. He hit Edison on the ear, which made him deaf in one ear for the rest of his life. But Edison never gave up. He continued to work hard and invent new things. He once said, "Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration (汗水)." He worked for many hours every day, and sometimes he even forgot to eat or sleep. Edison died in 1931 at the age of 84. His inventions have changed the world a lot. Today, we still remember him as a great inventor who never gave up on his dreams. 1. What did Edison's mother do when he was taken out of school? A. She sent him to another school. B. She taught him at home. C. She let him work on a train. D. She gave him many books to read. 2. Why did the train conductor hit Edison? A. Because he sold newspapers without permission. B. Because he did experiments on the train. C. Because a fire broke out in his laboratory. D. Because he was late for work. 3. The underlined word "curious" in Paragraph 2 probably means "______" in Chinese. A. 好奇的 B. 调皮的 C. 聪明的 D. 勤奋的 4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. Edison invented more than 1,000 things in his lifetime. B. Edison was deaf in both ears because of an accident. C. Edison got his first job when he was 12 years old. D. Edison worked very hard and never gave up. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Edison's childhood and his first job. B. Edison's great inventions. C. Edison's life and his spirit of never giving up. D. The importance of hard work. B Every year, many wild animals are in danger because of human activities. Some people kill animals for their fur, teeth or meat. Others destroy their homes by cutting down trees or building factories. As a result, many animals are becoming fewer and fewer. The giant panda is one of the most famous endangered animals in the world. They live in the bamboo forests in China. But now, the bamboo forests are getting smaller and smaller. Pandas have less and less food to eat. Scientists predict that if we don't take action, there will be no giant pandas left in the wild in 50 years. Another endangered animal is the South China tiger. There are only about 30 South China tigers left in the world, and all of them live in zoos. They used to live in the forests in southern China, but people cut down most of the trees and killed them for their fur. Luckily, more and more people are aware of the importance of protecting wild animals. Many countries have set up nature reserves to protect the animals and their homes. People are also trying to stop killing wild animals. We should all do our part to protect wild animals. Remember, when we protect animals, we are protecting ourselves too. 1. Why are many wild animals in danger? A. Because they can't find food. B. Because of human activities. C. Because they have no place to live. D. Because of natural disasters. 2. What will happen if we don't take action to protect giant pandas? A. They will live in zoos. B. They will become fewer and fewer. C. There will be no giant pandas left in the wild in 50 years. D. They will have more food to eat. 3. How many South China tigers are left in the world? A. About 30. B. About 100. C. About 300. D. About 1,000. 4. What have many countries done to protect wild animals? A. They have stopped cutting down trees. B. They have set up nature reserves. C. They have killed all the hunters. D. They have built more zoos. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. All wild animals will disappear soon. B. Giant pandas only live in zoos now. C. Protecting wild animals is very important. D. People have already saved all the endangered animals. C Last week, our class had a special activity. We went to the old people's home to visit the elderly. I was a little nervous at first because I didn't know how to get along with old people. But when I got there, I found that they were very friendly. We did many things for the old people. Some students cleaned their rooms, some washed their clothes, and others read newspapers to them. I talked with an old grandma for a long time. She told me many interesting stories about her childhood. I also taught her how to use a smartphone. She was very happy and said that I was a good girl. At noon, we had lunch together with the old people. The food was delicious, and we all enjoyed it. After lunch, we put on a small show for them. We sang songs, danced and told jokes. The old people laughed happily and clapped their hands. When it was time to leave, the old people were very sad. They thanked us for coming and said that they had a wonderful time. I felt very happy too. I realized that making others happy can make ourselves happy too. This activity taught me a lot. It made me understand the importance of caring for the elderly. I hope that more people can join us and help the old people. 1. Why was the writer nervous at first? A. Because she didn't know the way to the old people's home. B. Because she didn't know how to get along with old people. C. Because she didn't have anything to do there. D. Because she was afraid of old people. 2. What did the writer do for the old grandma? A. She cleaned her room. B. She washed her clothes. C. She read newspapers to her. D. She talked with her and taught her how to use a smartphone. 3. What did they do after lunch? A. They had a rest. B. They put on a small show. C. They cleaned the rooms. D. They talked with the old people. 4. How did the old people feel when the students left? A. Happy. B. Excited. C. Sad. D. Angry. 5. What is the best title for the passage? A. A Special Activity B. The Old People's Home C. How to Get Along with Old People D. Caring for the Elderly D A big forest fire broke out in a mountain area last month. The fire started on a hot and dry day. A careless tourist threw a cigarette butt (烟头) on the ground, and it started the fire. At first, the fire was small. But soon, the wind blew strongly, and the fire spread quickly in all directions. The trees and grass caught fire easily because they were very dry. The fire became bigger and bigger, and it was very dangerous. The firemen arrived quickly. They worked very hard to put out the fire. They used water pumps and fire extinguishers (灭火器) to fight the fire. Some firemen even used planes to drop water on the fire. But the fire was too big, and it was difficult to put it out. Many people had to leave their homes because of the fire. They stayed in schools and gyms until the fire was put out. The local government also sent food and water to the people who lost their homes. After two weeks, the fire was finally put out. But the forest was badly damaged. Many trees were burned down, and many animals lost their homes. The fire also caused a lot of air pollution. This fire taught us a lesson. We must be careful with fire when we are in the forest. We should also learn how to protect ourselves from fire. 1. What caused the forest fire? A. A lightning strike. B. A careless tourist threw a cigarette butt. C. A campfire that was not put out. D. A chemical fire. 2. Why did the fire spread quickly? A. Because the wind blew strongly. B. Because the trees and grass were very dry. C. Because there were no firemen nearby. D. Both A and B. 3. How long did it take to put out the fire? A. One week. B. Two weeks. C. One month. D. Two months. 4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. The fire started on a hot and dry day. B. The firemen used planes to drop water on the fire. C. No one had to leave their homes because of the fire. D. The forest was badly damaged by the fire. 5. What can we learn from the passage? A. We should not go to the forest. B. We must be careful with fire. C. Forest fires are not dangerous. D. It is easy to put out a forest fire. 实战巩固·拓展培优 一、首字母填空： 阅读下面短文，根据所给首字母提示，写出单词的正确形式，每空一词。 The Magic of Science Last week, our science teacher took us to the science museum. We saw many amazing inventions and learned a lot about science. I was very e 1 and couldn't wait to explore everything. First, we visited the "Light and Sound" hall. We saw how light t 2 through different materials. We also listened to different sounds and learned how sound travels. A guide w 3 us not to touch the machines because some of them were dangerous. Next, we went to the "Weather" hall. We saw a model of a tornado (龙卷风) and learned how it f 4 . We also watched a video about how scientists p 5 the weather. It was very interesting. Then, we had a hands-on experiment. We made a volcano (火山) model with baking soda and vinegar. When we poured the vinegar into the volcano, it erupted (喷发)! The red liquid (液体) ran down the sides of the volcano, just like a real eruption. We all l 6 happily. After that, we visited the "Space" hall. We saw models of rockets and spaceships. We even got to sit in a model spaceship. It s 7 like we were really in space! When it was time to leave, we all felt sad. We didn't want to go home. Our teacher said that if we worked hard, we could i 8 our own inventions one day. On the way back to school, we talked about what we had seen. We all a 9 that it was the best school trip ever. I d 10 a great interest in science after this trip. I hope I can become a scientist in the future. $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业12 核心动词与动词短语分类记忆 知识复盘 一、核心动词分类（全册，含不规则过去式 / 过去分词） 类别 核心动词（过去式 / 过去分词） 及物动词 understand(understood/understood); encourage(encouraged/encouraged); believe(believed/believed); offer(offered/offered); develop(developed/developed); protect(protected/protected); invent(invented/invented); predict(predicted/predicted); translate(translated/translated); warn(warned/warned) 不及物动词 laugh (laughed/laughed); lie (lay/lain 躺; lied/lied 说谎); fight (fought/fought); nod (nodded/nodded); return (returned/returned); disappear (disappeared/disappeared); melt (melted/melted); blow (blew/blown); shine (shone/shone); smell (smelt/smelt) 系动词 seem(seemed/seemed); sound(sounded/sounded); taste(tasted/tasted); look(looked/looked); stay(stayed/stayed); turn(turned/turned); become(became/become); get(got/got); grow(grew/grown) 二、必考动词短语（全册） 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 keep secrets 保密 get along with 与……和睦相处 look forward to 期待 pay attention to 注意 be aware of 意识到 take action 采取行动 thanks to 多亏 in danger 处于危险中 at risk 有危险 lead to 导致 set up 建立 calm down 平静下来 put out 扑灭 in all directions 四处 come true 实现 take care of 照顾 give up 放弃 look for 寻找 find out 查明 三、运用方法 1. 及物动词后必须接宾语，不及物动词后接宾语需加介词 2. 动词短语是固定搭配，介词不能随意更换 四、易错易混概念 1. raise/rise 混淆： raise 是及物动词（举起、筹集）; rise 是不及物动词（升起、上升） 例：He raised his hand.; The sun rises in the east. 2. lie/lay 混淆： lie（躺，lay-lain）; lie（说谎，lied-lied）; lay（放置，laid-laid） 3. look for/find 混淆： look for 强调寻找的动作; find 强调寻找的结果 4. take place/happen 混淆： take place 指有计划、有安排地发生; happen 指偶然发生 动词短语的及物性：look for 是及物短语，后面必须接宾语; take place 是不及物短语，不能接宾语 实战巩固·基础过关 一、单词默写，根据音标，写出单词及中文释义： 音标 英文 中文 /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/ /bɪˈliːv/ /ˈɒfə(r)/ /dɪˈveləp/ /prəˈtekt/ /ɪnˈvent/ /prɪˈdɪkt/ /trænsˈleɪt/ /wɔːn/ /lɑːf/ /laɪ/ /faɪt/ /nɒd/ /rɪˈtɜːn/ /ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r)/ /melt/ /bləʊ/ /ʃaɪn/ /smel/ /siːm/ /saʊnd/ /teɪst/ /lʊk/ /steɪ/ /tɜːn/ /bɪˈkʌm/ /ɡet/ /ɡrəʊ/ /reɪz/ 【答案】 音标 英文 中文 /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ understand 理解；明白；懂得 /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/ encourage 鼓励；怂恿 /bɪˈliːv/ believe 相信；认为 /ˈɒfə(r)/ offer 主动提出；提供；出价 /dɪˈveləp/ develop 发展；开发；养成 /prəˈtekt/ protect 保护；防护 /ɪnˈvent/ invent 发明；创造；编造 /prɪˈdɪkt/ predict 预言；预测；预料 /trænsˈleɪt/ translate 翻译；转化 /wɔːn/ warn 警告；告诫；提醒 /lɑːf/ laugh 大笑；发笑；嘲笑 /laɪ/ lie 躺；说谎；位于 /faɪt/ fight 打架；战斗；抗争 /nɒd/ nod 点头；点头示意 /rɪˈtɜːn/ return 返回；归还；回报 /ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r)/ disappear 消失；不见；失踪 /melt/ melt 融化；熔化；消散 /bləʊ/ blow 吹；吹气；刮风 /ʃaɪn/ shine 照耀；发光；擦亮 /smel/ smell 闻；嗅 /siːm/ seem 似乎；好像；仿佛 /saʊnd/ sound 听起来 /teɪst/ taste 品尝；味道；体验 /lʊk/ look 看；看起来 /steɪ/ stay 停留；保持；暂住 /tɜːn/ turn 转动；变成；转弯 /bɪˈkʌm/ become 变成；成为；变得 /ɡet/ get 得到；变得；到达 /ɡrəʊ/ grow 生长；成长；种植 /reɪz/ raise 举起；饲养；筹集 二、动词短语默写： 1. 保密 _______________ 2. 与……和睦相处 _______________ 3. 期待；盼望 _______________ 4. 注意；关注 _______________ 5. 采取行动 _______________ 6. 导致；引起 _______________ 7. 建立；创立 _______________ 8. 平静下来；镇定下来 _______________ 9. 实现；成为现实 _______________ 10. 查明；弄清楚 _______________ 【答案】 1. 保密 keep secrets 2. 与…… 和睦相处 get along with 3. 期待；盼望 look forward to 4. 注意；关注 pay attention to 5. 采取行动 take action 6. 导致；引起 lead to 7. 建立；创立 set up 8. 平静下来；镇定下来 calm down 9. 实现；成为现实 come true 10. 查明；弄清楚 find out 三、单句填空： 根据句意，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，每空一词 1. The sun _______________ (shine) brightly in the sky when we arrived at the park yesterday. 【答案】was shining 【解析】句意：昨天我们到公园时，太阳正耀眼地照耀。when 引导瞬间动作（过去式 arrived），主句用过去进行时，主语 sun 单数。 2. My teacher always _______________ (encourage) me to speak English bravely in class. 【答案】encourages 【解析】句意：老师总鼓励我课堂大胆说英语。always 表常态，一般现在时；主语 teacher 三单，动词变三单。 3. The ice _______________ (melt) quickly when the sun came out this morning. 【答案】melted 【解析】句意：今早太阳出来后冰快速融化。came out 为一般过去时，时态统一用一般过去式。 4. He _______________ (lie) on the grass and looked at the stars last night. 【答案】lay 【解析】句意：昨晚他躺在草地上看星星。and 后 looked 过去式，lie（躺）过去式为 lay。 5. If you _______________ (warn) him earlier, he wouldn't have made such a mistake. 【答案】had warned 【解析】句意：如果你早点提醒他，他就不会犯错。虚拟语气：对过去虚拟，if 从句用过去完成时。 6. The little girl _______________ (disappear) in the crowd suddenly and her parents were very worried. 【答案】disappeared 【解析】句意：小女孩突然消失在人群，父母十分焦急。后文 were 过去式，时态一致用过去式。 7. The leaves _______________ (turn) yellow and red in autumn every year. 【答案】turn 【解析】句意：树叶每年秋天变黄变红。every year 习惯性动作，一般现在时；主语 leaves 复数，用原形。 8. She _______________ (translate) this English novel into Chinese last month. 【答案】translated 【解析】句意：上个月她把这本英文小说译成中文。last month 过去时间，谓语用过去式。 9. We should _______________ (protect) the endangered animals from being killed. 【答案】protect 【解析】句意：我们应当保护濒危动物免遭捕杀。情态动词 should 后接动词原形。 10. The wind _______________ (blow) strongly last night and many trees fell down. 【答案】blew 【解析】句意：昨夜狂风大作，许多树木倒伏。last night 过去时间，blow 过去式 blew。 实战巩固·能力进阶 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Our School's Environmental Project Last month, our school started an environmental project to protect the Earth. Our teacher, Ms. Wang, 1 us to think about what we could do to make our school greener. After a class discussion, we decided to 2 a "Green Club" to organize different activities. First, we put up posters around the school to tell everyone about our project. We wanted everyone to 3 the importance of protecting the environment. We also asked students to 4 their used books and clothes for the children in poor areas. One sunny afternoon, we had a big clean-up activity in the schoolyard. We picked up rubbish everywhere and sorted it into different bins. When we got tired, we 5 under a big tree and had a rest. The sun 6 warmly and the birds sang happily. We all 7 that it was a meaningful day. Next week, we are going to plant some trees and flowers in the school garden. We hope that our school will 8 more beautiful in the future. We also plan to give a speech to the younger students to tell them how to 9 the environment. 10 our project, more and more students are starting to care about the environment. We believe that if everyone takes action, our Earth will become a better place to live. 1. A. encouraged B. believed C. offered D. understood 2. A. put out B. set up C. take place D. come true 3. A. be aware of B. look forward to C. get along with D. pay attention to 4. A. raise B. rise C. lay D. lie 5. A. fought B. nodded C. lay D. returned 6. A. shone B. smelt C. sounded D. tasted 7. A. seemed B. looked C. felt D. became 8. A. grow B. turn C. get D. stay 9. A. develop B. protect C. invent D. predict 10. A. Thanks to B. Instead of C. According to D. Because 【答案】1.A 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.C 9.B 10.A 【解析】介绍学校上月开启环保项目，师生成立绿色社团、开展宣传、旧物捐赠、校园大扫除、筹备植树等系列环保活动，在项目带动下越来越多学生开始关注环保。 1. 句意：王老师鼓励我们思考如何美化校园。 解析：encourage sb. to do 鼓励某人做某事；believe 相信，offer 主动提供，understand 理解，词义不符。 2. 句意：我们决定成立绿色社团。 解析：set up 建立（俱乐部 / 组织）；put out 扑灭，take place 发生，come true 实现。 3. 句意：让所有人意识到环保的重要性。 解析：be aware of 意识到；look forward to 期盼，get along with 相处，pay attention to 侧重 “留意”，不合语境。 4. 句意：号召学生捐献闲置书本衣物帮扶贫困孩子。 解析：raise 此处募集、捐赠；rise（自然）上升，lay 放置，lie 躺。 5. 句意：累了之后我们躺在大树下休息。 解析：lie (躺) 过去式 lay；fight 打架，nod 点头，return 返回。 6. 句意：阳光温暖地照耀，鸟儿欢快歌唱。 解析：shine 过去式 shone 照耀；smell 闻，sound 听起来，taste 品尝。 7. 句意：我们都觉得这一天很有意义。 解析：feel 觉得；seem 好像，look 看起来，become 变成。 8. 句意：希望校园将来变得更美。 解析：get + 形容词：变得；grow 生长，turn 多指颜色变化，stay 保持。 9. 句意：给低年级学生宣讲如何保护环境。 解析：protect the environment 固定搭配保护环境；develop 发展，invent 发明，predict 预言。 10. 句意：多亏这个项目，越来越多学生关心环保。 解析：thanks to 多亏；instead of 代替，according to 根据，because 连词不能直接接名词短语。 二、阅读理解： 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Thomas Edison was one of the greatest inventors in the world. He invented more than 1,000 things in his lifetime, including the electric light bulb, the phonograph (留声机), and the motion picture camera. Edison was born in 1847 in the United States. When he was a child, he was very curious about everything. He often asked his teachers strange questions, and they didn't understand him. His mother took him out of school and taught him at home. She encouraged him to read and do experiments. At the age of 12, Edison got his first job selling newspapers and candy on a train. He set up a small laboratory in the train car so that he could do experiments in his free time. One day, a chemical fire broke out in his laboratory, and the train conductor was very angry. He hit Edison on the ear, which made him deaf in one ear for the rest of his life. But Edison never gave up. He continued to work hard and invent new things. He once said, "Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration (汗水)." He worked for many hours every day, and sometimes he even forgot to eat or sleep. Edison died in 1931 at the age of 84. His inventions have changed the world a lot. Today, we still remember him as a great inventor who never gave up on his dreams. 1. What did Edison's mother do when he was taken out of school? A. She sent him to another school. B. She taught him at home. C. She let him work on a train. D. She gave him many books to read. 2. Why did the train conductor hit Edison? A. Because he sold newspapers without permission. B. Because he did experiments on the train. C. Because a fire broke out in his laboratory. D. Because he was late for work. 3. The underlined word "curious" in Paragraph 2 probably means "______" in Chinese. A. 好奇的 B. 调皮的 C. 聪明的 D. 勤奋的 4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. Edison invented more than 1,000 things in his lifetime. B. Edison was deaf in both ears because of an accident. C. Edison got his first job when he was 12 years old. D. Edison worked very hard and never gave up. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Edison's childhood and his first job. B. Edison's great inventions. C. Edison's life and his spirit of never giving up. D. The importance of hard work. 【答案】1.B 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.C 【解析】介绍发明家爱迪生的生平、求学、早年工作经历与名言，赞扬他坚持不懈、刻苦钻研的品质。 1. 细节理解题。句意：退学后妈妈在家教他。依据原文：His mother took him out of school and taught him at home.，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。句意：实验室起火，列车长发怒打了他。依据原文：One day, a chemical fire broke out in his laboratory, and the train conductor was very angry. He hit Edison on the ear…，故选 C。 3. 词义猜测题。依据后文：He often asked his teachers strange questions（总问奇怪问题），推出 curious 意为好奇的，故选 A。 4. 细节正误判断题。依据原文：which made him deaf in one ear（一只耳朵失聪），B 选项 both ears 双耳失聪错误，故选 B。 5. 主旨大意题。文章从出身、童年、打工、科研到去世，讲述一生与永不放弃的精神，故选 C。 B Every year, many wild animals are in danger because of human activities. Some people kill animals for their fur, teeth or meat. Others destroy their homes by cutting down trees or building factories. As a result, many animals are becoming fewer and fewer. The giant panda is one of the most famous endangered animals in the world. They live in the bamboo forests in China. But now, the bamboo forests are getting smaller and smaller. Pandas have less and less food to eat. Scientists predict that if we don't take action, there will be no giant pandas left in the wild in 50 years. Another endangered animal is the South China tiger. There are only about 30 South China tigers left in the world, and all of them live in zoos. They used to live in the forests in southern China, but people cut down most of the trees and killed them for their fur. Luckily, more and more people are aware of the importance of protecting wild animals. Many countries have set up nature reserves to protect the animals and their homes. People are also trying to stop killing wild animals. We should all do our part to protect wild animals. Remember, when we protect animals, we are protecting ourselves too. 1. Why are many wild animals in danger? A. Because they can't find food. B. Because of human activities. C. Because they have no place to live. D. Because of natural disasters. 2. What will happen if we don't take action to protect giant pandas? A. They will live in zoos. B. They will become fewer and fewer. C. There will be no giant pandas left in the wild in 50 years. D. They will have more food to eat. 3. How many South China tigers are left in the world? A. About 30. B. About 100. C. About 300. D. About 1,000. 4. What have many countries done to protect wild animals? A. They have stopped cutting down trees. B. They have set up nature reserves. C. They have killed all the hunters. D. They have built more zoos. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. All wild animals will disappear soon. B. Giant pandas only live in zoos now. C. Protecting wild animals is very important. D. People have already saved all the endangered animals. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章首先指出人类活动是导致众多野生动物濒临灭绝的根本原因，接着以大熊猫和华南虎为例，具体介绍了它们的濒危现状及成因，随后说明越来越多的人已意识到保护野生动物的重要性且各国已采取建立自然保护区等措施，最后呼吁所有人共同参与保护野生动物，强调保护动物就是保护人类自己。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句 "Every year, many wild animals are in danger because of human activities." 可知，人类活动是野生动物濒危的根本原因。A、C 是人类活动导致的具体后果，D 原文未提及，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句 "Scientists predict that if we don't take action, there will be no giant pandas left in the wild in 50 years." 可知，这是科学家明确预测的结果。B 是过程而非最终结果，A、D 与原文表述相反，故选 C。 3. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句 "There are only about 30 South China tigers left in the world, and all of them live in zoos." 可知，现存华南虎数量约为 30 只，其余选项数字原文均未提及，故选 A。 4. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二句 "Many countries have set up nature reserves to protect the animals and their homes." 可知，各国采取的主要措施是建立自然保护区。A 是未完全实现的行为，C 表述错误，D 不是主要保护措施，故选 B。 5. 推理判断题。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段 "We should all do our part to protect wild animals. Remember, when we protect animals, we are protecting ourselves too." 可推断出保护野生动物十分重要。A"所有野生动物很快会消失" 过于绝对；B 错误，仍有野生大熊猫存在；D 错误，人类尚未拯救所有濒危动物，故选 C。 C Last week, our class had a special activity. We went to the old people's home to visit the elderly. I was a little nervous at first because I didn't know how to get along with old people. But when I got there, I found that they were very friendly. We did many things for the old people. Some students cleaned their rooms, some washed their clothes, and others read newspapers to them. I talked with an old grandma for a long time. She told me many interesting stories about her childhood. I also taught her how to use a smartphone. She was very happy and said that I was a good girl. At noon, we had lunch together with the old people. The food was delicious, and we all enjoyed it. After lunch, we put on a small show for them. We sang songs, danced and told jokes. The old people laughed happily and clapped their hands. When it was time to leave, the old people were very sad. They thanked us for coming and said that they had a wonderful time. I felt very happy too. I realized that making others happy can make ourselves happy too. This activity taught me a lot. It made me understand the importance of caring for the elderly. I hope that more people can join us and help the old people. 1. Why was the writer nervous at first? A. Because she didn't know the way to the old people's home. B. Because she didn't know how to get along with old people. C. Because she didn't have anything to do there. D. Because she was afraid of old people. 2. What did the writer do for the old grandma? A. She cleaned her room. B. She washed her clothes. C. She read newspapers to her. D. She talked with her and taught her how to use a smartphone. 3. What did they do after lunch? A. They had a rest. B. They put on a small show. C. They cleaned the rooms. D. They talked with the old people. 4. How did the old people feel when the students left? A. Happy. B. Excited. C. Sad. D. Angry. 5. What is the best title for the passage? A. A Special Activity B. The Old People's Home C. How to Get Along with Old People D. Caring for the Elderly 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章以第一人称视角，讲述了作者上周和班级同学一起前往敬老院开展慰问活动的完整经历，包括活动前的紧张心情、为老人提供的各项帮助、与老人共度的欢乐时光，以及这次活动带给作者的深刻感悟，最后呼吁更多人加入关爱老人的行列。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句 "I was a little nervous at first because I didn't know how to get along with old people." 可知，作者紧张的原因是不知道如何与老人相处。A、C、D 原文均未提及，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第四、五句 "I talked with an old grandma for a long time... I also taught her how to use a smartphone." 可知，作者陪老奶奶聊天并教她使用智能手机。A、B、C 是其他同学做的事情，故选 D。 3. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第三句 "After lunch, we put on a small show for them." 可知，午饭后同学们为老人表演了小节目。A、C、D 原文未提及是午饭后的活动，故选 B。 4. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句 "When it was time to leave, the old people were very sad." 可知，学生离开时老人们感到难过。A、B 是活动过程中的心情，D 与原文相反，故选 C。 5. 主旨大意题。文章开篇即点明 "Last week, our class had a special activity."，全文围绕这次去敬老院的特殊活动展开叙述，涵盖了活动的起因、经过和感悟。B 只是活动地点，C、D 是活动带来的部分感悟，均不能概括全文主旨，故选 A。 D A big forest fire broke out in a mountain area last month. The fire started on a hot and dry day. A careless tourist threw a cigarette butt (烟头) on the ground, and it started the fire. At first, the fire was small. But soon, the wind blew strongly, and the fire spread quickly in all directions. The trees and grass caught fire easily because they were very dry. The fire became bigger and bigger, and it was very dangerous. The firemen arrived quickly. They worked very hard to put out the fire. They used water pumps and fire extinguishers (灭火器) to fight the fire. Some firemen even used planes to drop water on the fire. But the fire was too big, and it was difficult to put it out. Many people had to leave their homes because of the fire. They stayed in schools and gyms until the fire was put out. The local government also sent food and water to the people who lost their homes. After two weeks, the fire was finally put out. But the forest was badly damaged. Many trees were burned down, and many animals lost their homes. The fire also caused a lot of air pollution. This fire taught us a lesson. We must be careful with fire when we are in the forest. We should also learn how to protect ourselves from fire. 1. What caused the forest fire? A. A lightning strike. B. A careless tourist threw a cigarette butt. C. A campfire that was not put out. D. A chemical fire. 2. Why did the fire spread quickly? A. Because the wind blew strongly. B. Because the trees and grass were very dry. C. Because there were no firemen nearby. D. Both A and B. 3. How long did it take to put out the fire? A. One week. B. Two weeks. C. One month. D. Two months. 4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. The fire started on a hot and dry day. B. The firemen used planes to drop water on the fire. C. No one had to leave their homes because of the fire. D. The forest was badly damaged by the fire. 5. What can we learn from the passage? A. We should not go to the forest. B. We must be careful with fire. C. Forest fires are not dangerous. D. It is easy to put out a forest fire. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. B 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了上个月山区发生的一场森林火灾的完整事件，包括火灾的起因、快速蔓延的原因、消防员的救援过程、火灾给当地居民和生态环境造成的严重危害，最后总结了此次火灾带来的教训，提醒人们在森林中务必小心用火。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句 "A careless tourist threw a cigarette butt on the ground, and it started the fire." 可知，火灾是由一名粗心的游客乱扔烟头引发的。A、C、D 选项的原因原文均未提及，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容 "But soon, the wind blew strongly, and the fire spread quickly in all directions. The trees and grass caught fire easily because they were very dry." 可知，大风和干燥的草木都是火灾快速蔓延的原因，故选 D。 3. 细节理解题。根据文章第五段第一句 "After two weeks, the fire was finally put out." 可知，扑灭这场火灾花费了两周时间，其余选项时长与原文不符，故选 B。 4. 正误判断题。根据文章第四段第一句 "Many people had to leave their homes because of the fire." 可知，很多人因火灾被迫离开家园，C 选项表述与原文相反。A、B、D 选项均能在原文找到对应依据，故选 C。 5. 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段的核心总结 "This fire taught us a lesson. We must be careful with fire when we are in the forest." 可知，文章旨在告诉我们必须小心用火。A 选项过于绝对，C、D 选项与原文表述相反，故选 B。 实战巩固·拓展培优 一、首字母填空： 阅读下面短文，根据所给首字母提示，写出单词的正确形式，每空一词。 The Magic of Science Last week, our science teacher took us to the science museum. We saw many amazing inventions and learned a lot about science. I was very e 1 and couldn't wait to explore everything. First, we visited the "Light and Sound" hall. We saw how light t 2 through different materials. We also listened to different sounds and learned how sound travels. A guide w 3 us not to touch the machines because some of them were dangerous. Next, we went to the "Weather" hall. We saw a model of a tornado (龙卷风) and learned how it f 4 . We also watched a video about how scientists p 5 the weather. It was very interesting. Then, we had a hands-on experiment. We made a volcano (火山) model with baking soda and vinegar. When we poured the vinegar into the volcano, it erupted (喷发)! The red liquid (液体) ran down the sides of the volcano, just like a real eruption. We all l 6 happily. After that, we visited the "Space" hall. We saw models of rockets and spaceships. We even got to sit in a model spaceship. It s 7 like we were really in space! When it was time to leave, we all felt sad. We didn't want to go home. Our teacher said that if we worked hard, we could i 8 our own inventions one day. On the way back to school, we talked about what we had seen. We all a 9 that it was the best school trip ever. I d 10 a great interest in science after this trip. I hope I can become a scientist in the future. 【答案】1. excited 2. travels 3. warned 4. forms 5. predict 6. laughed 7. seemed 8. invent 9. agreed 10. developed 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章以第一人称视角，讲述了作者上周在科学老师带领下参观科学博物馆的完整经历，依次介绍了在 "光与声"" 天气 ""太空" 展厅的见闻和亲手制作火山模型的趣味实验，最后表达了这次旅行激发了自己对科学的浓厚兴趣以及未来成为科学家的愿望。 1. 句意：我非常兴奋，迫不及待地想探索一切。填词原因：修饰人的心情用形容词 excited（感到兴奋的），符合后文 "迫不及待探索" 的语境。 2. 句意：我们看到了光如何穿过不同的材料。填词原因：表示 "光传播" 用动词 travel；描述客观真理用一般现在时，主语 light 是不可数名词，谓语用第三人称单数形式 travels。 3. 句意：一位导游警告我们不要触摸机器，因为有些很危险。填词原因："警告某人不要做某事" 是固定搭配 warn sb. not to do sth.；全文讲述过去的事，用一般过去时 warned。 4. 句意：我们看到了龙卷风模型，了解了它是如何形成的。填词原因：表示 "形成" 用动词 form；描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语 it 指代 tornado，谓语用第三人称单数形式 forms。 5. 句意：我们还看了一个关于科学家如何预测天气的视频。填词原因："预测天气" 是固定搭配 predict the weather；描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语 scientists 是复数，谓语用动词原形 predict。 6. 句意：我们都开心地笑了。填词原因：结合火山喷发的有趣场景和副词 happily，填动词 laugh 的一般过去式 laughed。 7. 句意：感觉就好像我们真的在太空一样！填词原因："好像" 是固定搭配 seem like；全文用一般过去时，故填 seemed。 8. 句意：老师说如果我们努力学习，将来有一天我们可以发明自己的东西。填词原因：表示 "发明" 用动词 invent；情态动词 could 后接动词原形。 9. 句意：我们都同意这是有史以来最好的学校旅行。填词原因：表示 "同意" 用动词 agree；全文用一般过去时，故填 agreed。 10. 句意：这次旅行后，我对科学产生了浓厚的兴趣。填词原因："对…… 产生兴趣" 是固定搭配 develop a great interest in；全文用一般过去时，故填 developed。 $