八上预习作业11 核心形容词分类记忆（新知精练）-2026年新八年级英语暑假预习作业（新教材译林版）

**基本信息** 以“分类记忆-用法归纳-易错辨析”为主线，系统构建形容词专项训练体系，融合主题化记忆与语境化应用，提升语言能力与学习能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识复盘|8单元主题分类+3类用法+4组易错概念|按单元主题系统分类记忆，归纳形容词作定语/表语/宾补用法，提炼-ed/-ing等4组易混词辨析规则|从主题分类记忆到用法规则再到易混概念辨析，形成“记忆-应用-辨析”递进链条| |基础过关|30词音标默写+10词填空|音标-单词-释义联动记忆，结合语境强化基础应用|专项词汇从音形义记忆到单句应用的基础能力训练| |能力进阶|1篇完形+4篇阅读|完形填空语境词义匹配，阅读理解细节定位与词义推断|从单句应用到语篇层面的形容词综合运用，衔接中考题型| |拓展培优|1篇首字母填空|结合上下文语境进行词汇联想与拼写|综合考查形容词在语篇中的灵活运用，提升语境适应能力|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业11 核心形容词分类记忆 知识复盘 一、按单元主题分类（全册） 单元 主题 核心形容词（含中文释义） Unit 1 人物品质与外貌 honest 诚实的; cheerful 快乐的; humorous 幽默的; caring 体贴的; trustworthy 值得信赖的; patient 有耐心的; energetic 精力充沛的; brave 勇敢的; thoughtful 体贴的; slim 苗条的; funny 好笑的; bored 烦闷的; unhappy 不开心的 Unit 2 学校生活 foreign 外国的; international 国际的; boring 无聊的; helpful 有帮助的; cheap 便宜的; junior 初级的; American 美国的; Italian 意大利的; Japanese 日本的 Unit 3 学习与能力 successful 成功的; curious 好奇的; talented 有天赋的; hard-working 勤奋的; lifelong 终身的; countless 数不尽的; possible 可能的; correct 正确的 Unit 4 DIY 与手工 crazy 狂热的; messy 杂乱的; lucky 幸运的; impossible 不可能的; dangerous 危险的; usual 通常的; unlucky 不幸的; tidy 整洁的 Unit 5 野生动物 wild 野生的; serious 严重的; sick 生病的; rare 稀有的; fat 胖的; meaningful 有意义的; endangered 濒危的 Unit 6 天气与季节 foggy 有雾的; snowy 下雪的; pleasant 令人愉快的; wet 湿的; average 平均的; frozen 结冰的; thick 厚的; deep 深的; sunny 晴朗的; rainy 下雨的; windy 有风的; cloudy 多云的 Unit 7 自然与生态 sandy 铺满沙子的; noisy 吵闹的; balanced 平衡的; environment-friendly 环保的; important 重要的; beautiful 美丽的; clean 干净的; polluted 被污染的 Unit 8 灾害与安全 terrible 可怕的; slight 轻微的; silent 安静的; nervous 紧张的; weak 虚弱的; awful 糟糕的; homeless 无家可归的; safe 安全的; dangerous 危险的 二、形容词的基本用法 1. 作定语：放在名词前修饰名词 例：a helpful friend 2. 作表语：放在系动词后 例：He is helpful. 3. 作宾语补足语：放在宾语后补充说明宾语 例：We should keep our classroom clean. 三、易错易混概念 1. -ed/-ing 形容词混淆： -ed 形容词修饰人（感到…… 的）; -ing 形容词修饰物（令人…… 的） 例：I am excited.; The news is exciting. 2. alone/lonely 混淆： alone 表示 “单独的”，强调客观状态; lonely 表示 “孤独的”，强调主观感受 例：He lives alone, but he doesn't feel lonely. 3. alive/lively/lovely 混淆： alive 活着的; lively 活泼的; lovely 可爱的 4. 多个形容词作定语的顺序： 限定词 + 描绘词 + 大小 + 形状 + 年龄 + 颜色 + 国籍 + 材料 + 用途 例：a beautiful small round old brown Chinese wooden table 实战巩固·基础过关 一、单词默写，根据音标，写出单词及中文释义： 音标 英文 中文 /ˈɒnɪst/ /ˈtʃɪəfl/ /ˈhjuːmərəs/ /ˈpeɪʃnt/ /ˌenəˈdʒetɪk/ /breɪv/ /ˈfɒrən/ /ˌɪntəˈnæʃnəl/ /ˈhelpfl/ /səkˈsesfl/ /ˈkjʊəriəs/ /ˈtæləntɪd/ /ˌhɑːdˈwɜːkɪŋ/ /ˈkreɪzi/ /ˈmesi/ /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/ /ˈtaɪdi/ /waɪld/ /reə(r)/ /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/ /ˈfɒɡi/ /ˈsnəʊi/ /ˈpleznt/ /ˈfrəʊzn/ /ˈsʌni/ /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ˈfrendli/ /pəˈluːtɪd/ /ˈterəbl/ /ˈnɜːvəs/ /ˈhəʊmləs/ 二、填空，每空一词： 1. My deskmate is always __________ (耐心的) when I ask her questions. 2. We should try our best to protect __________ (濒危的) animals. 3. It was __________ (下雪的) yesterday, and we made a big snowman. 4. The boy is so __________ (幽默的) that everyone likes talking with him. 5. After the earthquake, many people became __________ (无家可归的). 6. You should keep your bedroom __________ (整洁的) every day. 7. The teacher told us that it is __________ (不可能的) to finish the work in one hour. 8. The weather in spring is usually __________ (令人愉快的) in this city. 9. He is a __________ (勤奋的) student and always gets good grades. 10. The river is __________ (被污染的) because of the waste from the factory. 实战巩固·能力进阶 一、完形填空： Last week, our school started an environmental protection club. I was very 1 and joined it immediately. Our first project was to clean up the park near our school. The weather was 2 that day, with bright sunshine and a gentle wind. When we arrived, we were surprised to see how 3 the park was. There were plastic bottles, paper bags and other rubbish everywhere. Our teacher divided us into three groups. Group One was responsible for picking up the rubbish. Group Two had to sort the rubbish into different bins. Group Three, which I was in, needed to put up signs to tell people to keep the park 4 . At first, I felt a little 5 because I didn't know many of the other students. But soon, I found that everyone was very 6 and friendly. We worked together and talked happily. After two hours of hard work, the park looked much better. We were tired but very happy. Our teacher said that what we did was very 7 for the environment. Next month, we are going to plant trees in the countryside. We also plan to give talks to primary school students about how to live an 8 life. I believe that if everyone does their part, our world will become more 9 and beautiful. I'm looking forward to our next activity. Being a member of the club makes me feel 10 and proud. 1. A. bored B. excited C. nervous D. weak 2. A. foggy B. rainy C. sunny D. snowy 3. A. messy B. tidy C. clean D. balanced 4. A. polluted B. noisy C. clean D. sandy 5. A. shy B. happy C. brave D. energetic 6. A. helpful B. lazy C. crazy D. silent 7. A. terrible B. important C. awful D. slight 8. A. dangerous B. expensive C. environment-friendly D. foreign 9. A. polluted B. ugly C. pleasant D. serious 10. A. successful B. lonely C. alone D. unhappy 二、阅读理解： A Li Ming is my best friend. He is a tall and slim boy with big eyes. He has many good qualities. First of all, he is very honest. He never tells lies and always keeps his promises. Second, he is very humorous. He often tells us funny stories that make us laugh loudly. Third, he is very caring. When someone is in trouble, he always tries his best to help them. Li Ming is also a hard-working student. He is curious about everything and always asks questions in class. He is talented in math and often helps me with my math homework. He says that learning is a lifelong journey and we should never stop learning. Besides studying, Li Ming has many hobbies. He is crazy about playing basketball and is a member of our school basketball team. He also likes reading books about history. He thinks reading is meaningful and can open up our eyes to the world. I feel lucky to have such a good friend. He teaches me a lot and makes my school life more colorful. 1. What does Li Ming look like? A. He is short and fat. B. He is tall and slim. C. He has small eyes. D. He has long hair. 2. Which of the following is NOT a quality of Li Ming? A. Honest. B. Humorous. C. Caring. D. Lazy. 3. What subject is Li Ming talented in? A. English. B. Chinese. C. Math. D. History. 4. What does Li Ming think of reading? A. It's boring. B. It's meaningful. C. It's dangerous. D. It's useless. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Li Ming's hobbies. B. Li Ming's school life. C. Li Ming's good qualities and hobbies. D. Li Ming's family. B The weather in England is very changeable. It can be sunny, rainy, windy, foggy or cloudy in a single day. People often say that you can experience four seasons in one day in England. In spring, the weather is usually pleasant. The temperature is not too high or too low. There may be some rain, but the days get longer and the flowers start to bloom. Summer is the best time to visit England. The weather is usually sunny and warm. However, it can also be rainy sometimes. The average temperature in summer is about 20℃. Autumn is a beautiful season. The leaves on the trees turn red, yellow and brown. The weather is cool and dry. It's a good time to go for a walk in the park. Winter in England is not very cold. It seldom snows heavily. But it is often wet and windy. Sometimes there is fog, which makes it difficult to see clearly. No matter what the weather is like, English people always talk about it. It is the most common topic of conversation in England. 1. What is the weather like in England? A. It is always sunny. B. It is very changeable. C. It is always rainy. D. It is very cold all year round. 2. Which season is the best time to visit England? A. Spring. B. Summer. C. Autumn. D. Winter. 3. What is the average temperature in summer in England? A. About 10℃. B. About 15℃. C. About 20℃. D. About 25℃. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A. English people never talk about the weather. B. It often snows heavily in winter in England. C. Autumn is a good season to go for a walk. D. The weather in spring is always sunny. 5. What is the passage mainly about? A. The four seasons in England. B. The best time to visit England. C. The changeable weather in England. D. English people's hobbies. C The panda is one of the most famous animals in the world. It is a rare and endangered animal. Pandas live in the bamboo forests in the southwest of China. Pandas are very cute. They have round faces and black and white fur. They are fat and look like teddy bears. Most pandas live on bamboo. They eat about 12 to 38 kilograms of bamboo every day. However, pandas are facing many serious problems. First, their living areas are becoming smaller and smaller. People cut down too many bamboo forests, so pandas don't have enough food to eat. Second, some people kill pandas for their fur. This is very terrible. Luckily, more and more people are realizing the importance of protecting pandas. The Chinese government has set up many nature reserves to protect pandas. Scientists are also doing research to help pandas have more babies. Protecting pandas is not only important for pandas themselves, but also for the whole ecosystem. We should all do our part to protect these lovely animals. 1. Where do pandas live? A. In the bamboo forests in the southwest of China. B. In the deserts in the northwest of China. C. In the grasslands in the north of China. D. In the rainforests in the south of China. 2. What do most pandas live on? A. Meat. B. Bamboo. C. Fruit. D. Vegetables. 3. Which of the following is NOT a problem that pandas are facing? A. Their living areas are becoming smaller. B. They don't have enough food to eat. C. Some people kill them for their fur. D. They are too lazy to have babies. 4. What does the underlined word "reserves" mean in Chinese? A. 保护区 B. 博物馆 C. 动物园 D. 公园 5. What can we learn from the passage? A. Pandas are not endangered anymore. B. Protecting pandas is important for the ecosystem. C. No one is trying to protect pandas. D. Pandas eat about 50 kilograms of bamboo every day. D DIY, which means "do it yourself", is very popular now. More and more people are interested in DIY. There are many reasons for this. First, DIY is a good way to save money. You can make things by yourself instead of buying them from shops. Second, DIY is fun. You can create something special and unique. Third, DIY can help you develop your hands-on skills and creativity. Last week, I took a DIY course at my school. The teacher taught us how to make a wooden shelf. At first, I thought it was easy. But when I started to do it, I found it was very difficult. I made many mistakes. My hands were hurt and the wood was very messy. I felt very nervous and wanted to give up. But the teacher encouraged me. She said that it was usual to make mistakes when learning something new. She helped me correct my mistakes. With her help, I finally finished the shelf. It was not perfect, but I was very proud of it. Now I am crazy about DIY. I often make things at home in my free time. I have made a lot of things, such as paper flowers, birthday cards and small furniture. DIY makes my life more colorful and meaningful. 1. What does DIY mean? A. Do it yourself. B. Buy it yourself. C. Help others. D. Learn from others. 2. Which of the following is NOT a reason why people like DIY? A. It can save money. B. It is fun. C. It can help you develop your skills. D. It is very easy. 3. What did the writer learn to make in the DIY course? A. A paper flower. B. A birthday card. C. A wooden shelf. D. A small table. 4. How did the writer feel when he first started to make the shelf? A. Excited. B. Nervous. C. Happy. D. Proud. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. The writer is good at DIY now. B. The writer will never do DIY again. C. DIY is only popular among students. D. It is impossible to make things by yourself. 实战巩固·拓展培优 一、首字母填空： Last Friday, our school held an earthquake emergency drill (演练). All the teachers and students took part in it. It was a very meaningful and important activity. Before the drill, our teacher told us what to do during an earthquake. She said that when the earthquake starts, we should stay c 1 and not run around. If we are in the classroom, we should hide under our desks and protect our heads with our schoolbags. We should not use the lift because it is very d 2 . When the alarm (警报) rang, all the students followed the teacher's instructions. We quickly hid under our desks. The classroom became very s 3 . No one talked or laughed. After a few minutes, the teacher told us to leave the classroom one by one. We walked quickly and quietly down the stairs. Some students felt a little n 4 , but no one pushed or ran. When we got to the playground, we counted the number of students. All of us were safe. No one was hurt. Our teacher said that we did a very good job. The drill helped us learn how to protect ourselves during an earthquake. It also taught us that we should be brave and calm when we face t 5 things. Earthquakes are terrible, but if we know what to do, we can stay s 6 . We should also help each other when someone is in trouble. After the drill, many students said that they would tell their families about what they learned. I think it is necessary for schools to hold such drills regularly. They can help us prepare for the u 7 and save our lives. During the drill, some students who were w 8 at first became much braver later. They helped each other and showed great courage. It was really h 9 to see everyone working together as a team. This experience will be a l 10 lesson for all of us. In the future, I hope more schools will hold emergency drills. It is not only good for students, but also for teachers. We should all learn some basic safety skills to protect ourselves and our loved ones. 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业11 核心形容词分类记忆 知识复盘 一、按单元主题分类（全册） 单元 主题 核心形容词（含中文释义） Unit 1 人物品质与外貌 honest 诚实的; cheerful 快乐的; humorous 幽默的; caring 体贴的; trustworthy 值得信赖的; patient 有耐心的; energetic 精力充沛的; brave 勇敢的; thoughtful 体贴的; slim 苗条的; funny 好笑的; bored 烦闷的; unhappy 不开心的 Unit 2 学校生活 foreign 外国的; international 国际的; boring 无聊的; helpful 有帮助的; cheap 便宜的; junior 初级的; American 美国的; Italian 意大利的; Japanese 日本的 Unit 3 学习与能力 successful 成功的; curious 好奇的; talented 有天赋的; hard-working 勤奋的; lifelong 终身的; countless 数不尽的; possible 可能的; correct 正确的 Unit 4 DIY 与手工 crazy 狂热的; messy 杂乱的; lucky 幸运的; impossible 不可能的; dangerous 危险的; usual 通常的; unlucky 不幸的; tidy 整洁的 Unit 5 野生动物 wild 野生的; serious 严重的; sick 生病的; rare 稀有的; fat 胖的; meaningful 有意义的; endangered 濒危的 Unit 6 天气与季节 foggy 有雾的; snowy 下雪的; pleasant 令人愉快的; wet 湿的; average 平均的; frozen 结冰的; thick 厚的; deep 深的; sunny 晴朗的; rainy 下雨的; windy 有风的; cloudy 多云的 Unit 7 自然与生态 sandy 铺满沙子的; noisy 吵闹的; balanced 平衡的; environment-friendly 环保的; important 重要的; beautiful 美丽的; clean 干净的; polluted 被污染的 Unit 8 灾害与安全 terrible 可怕的; slight 轻微的; silent 安静的; nervous 紧张的; weak 虚弱的; awful 糟糕的; homeless 无家可归的; safe 安全的; dangerous 危险的 二、形容词的基本用法 1. 作定语：放在名词前修饰名词 例：a helpful friend 2. 作表语：放在系动词后 例：He is helpful. 3. 作宾语补足语：放在宾语后补充说明宾语 例：We should keep our classroom clean. 三、易错易混概念 1. -ed/-ing 形容词混淆： -ed 形容词修饰人（感到…… 的）; -ing 形容词修饰物（令人…… 的） 例：I am excited.; The news is exciting. 2. alone/lonely 混淆： alone 表示 “单独的”，强调客观状态; lonely 表示 “孤独的”，强调主观感受 例：He lives alone, but he doesn't feel lonely. 3. alive/lively/lovely 混淆： alive 活着的; lively 活泼的; lovely 可爱的 4. 多个形容词作定语的顺序： 限定词 + 描绘词 + 大小 + 形状 + 年龄 + 颜色 + 国籍 + 材料 + 用途 例：a beautiful small round old brown Chinese wooden table 实战巩固·基础过关 一、单词默写，根据音标，写出单词及中文释义： 音标 英文 中文 /ˈɒnɪst/ /ˈtʃɪəfl/ /ˈhjuːmərəs/ /ˈpeɪʃnt/ /ˌenəˈdʒetɪk/ /breɪv/ /ˈfɒrən/ /ˌɪntəˈnæʃnəl/ /ˈhelpfl/ /səkˈsesfl/ /ˈkjʊəriəs/ /ˈtæləntɪd/ /ˌhɑːdˈwɜːkɪŋ/ /ˈkreɪzi/ /ˈmesi/ /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/ /ˈtaɪdi/ /waɪld/ /reə(r)/ /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/ /ˈfɒɡi/ /ˈsnəʊi/ /ˈpleznt/ /ˈfrəʊzn/ /ˈsʌni/ /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ˈfrendli/ /pəˈluːtɪd/ /ˈterəbl/ /ˈnɜːvəs/ /ˈhəʊmləs/ 【答案】 音标 英文 中文 /ˈɒnɪst/ honest 诚实的 /ˈtʃɪəfl/ cheerful 快乐的；开朗的 /ˈhjuːmərəs/ humorous 幽默的 /ˈpeɪʃnt/ patient 有耐心的 /ˌenəˈdʒetɪk/ energetic 精力充沛的 /breɪv/ brave 勇敢的 /ˈfɒrən/ foreign 外国的 /ˌɪntəˈnæʃnəl/ international 国际的 /ˈhelpfl/ helpful 乐于助人的 /səkˈsesfl/ successful 成功的 /ˈkjʊəriəs/ curious 好奇的 /ˈtæləntɪd/ talented 有天赋的 /ˌhɑːdˈwɜːkɪŋ/ hard-working 勤奋的 /ˈkreɪzi/ crazy 疯狂的 /ˈmesi/ messy 凌乱的 /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/ dangerous 危险的 /ˈtaɪdi/ tidy 整洁的 /waɪld/ wild 野生的；野蛮的 /reə(r)/ rare 稀有的 /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/ endangered 濒危的 /ˈfɒɡi/ foggy 有雾的 /ˈsnəʊi/ snowy 下雪的；多雪的 /ˈpleznt/ pleasant 令人愉快的 /ˈfrəʊzn/ frozen 结冰的；冷冻的 /ˈsʌni/ sunny 晴朗的 /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ˈfrendli/ environment-friendly 环保的 /pəˈluːtɪd/ polluted 被污染的 /ˈterəbl/ terrible 糟糕的；可怕的 /ˈnɜːvəs/ nervous 紧张的 /ˈhəʊmləs/ homeless 无家可归的 二、填空，每空一词： 1. My deskmate is always __________ (耐心的) when I ask her questions. 【答案】patient 【解析】句意：当我问同桌问题时，她总是很有耐心。be 动词后接形容词作表语，"patient" 意为 "耐心的"，符合语境。 2. We should try our best to protect __________ (濒危的) animals. 【答案】endangered 【解析】句意：我们应该尽最大努力保护濒危动物。修饰名词 "animals" 需用形容词，"endangered" 意为 "濒危的"，是固定表达。 3. It was __________ (下雪的) yesterday, and we made a big snowman. 【答案】snowy 【解析】句意：昨天下雪了，我们堆了一个大雪人。be 动词后接形容词描述天气，"snowy" 意为 "下雪的"，符合语境。 4. The boy is so __________ (幽默的) that everyone likes talking with him. 【答案】humorous 【解析】句意：这个男孩很幽默，每个人都喜欢和他说话。"so...that..." 结构中需用形容词，"humorous" 意为 "幽默的"，符合语境。 5. After the earthquake, many people became __________ (无家可归的). 【答案】homeless 【解析】句意：地震后，很多人变得无家可归。"become" 后接形容词作表语，"homeless" 意为 "无家可归的"，符合语境。 6. You should keep your bedroom __________ (整洁的) every day. 【答案】tidy 【解析】句意：你应该每天保持卧室整洁。"keep sth.+ 形容词" 是固定结构，形容词作宾语补足语，"tidy" 意为 "整洁的"，符合语境。 7. The teacher told us that it is __________ (不可能的) to finish the work in one hour. 【答案】impossible 【解析】句意：老师告诉我们一小时内完成这项工作是不可能的。"it is + 形容词 + to do sth." 是固定句型，"impossible" 意为 "不可能的"，符合语境。 8. The weather in spring is usually __________ (令人愉快的) in this city. 【答案】pleasant 【解析】句意：这个城市春天的天气通常很宜人。修饰事物 "weather" 用 "pleasant"（令人愉快的），区别于修饰人的 "pleased"（感到愉快的）。 9. He is a __________ (勤奋的) student and always gets good grades. 【答案】hard-working 【解析】句意：他是一个勤奋的学生，总是取得好成绩。修饰名词 "student" 需用形容词，"hard-working" 意为 "勤奋的"，符合语境。 10. The river is __________ (被污染的) because of the waste from the factory. 【答案】polluted 【解析】句意：这条河因为工厂的废水而被污染了。"polluted" 是过去分词作形容词，表被动含义，符合 "河流被污染" 的语境。 实战巩固·能力进阶 一、完形填空： Last week, our school started an environmental protection club. I was very 1 and joined it immediately. Our first project was to clean up the park near our school. The weather was 2 that day, with bright sunshine and a gentle wind. When we arrived, we were surprised to see how 3 the park was. There were plastic bottles, paper bags and other rubbish everywhere. Our teacher divided us into three groups. Group One was responsible for picking up the rubbish. Group Two had to sort the rubbish into different bins. Group Three, which I was in, needed to put up signs to tell people to keep the park 4 . At first, I felt a little 5 because I didn't know many of the other students. But soon, I found that everyone was very 6 and friendly. We worked together and talked happily. After two hours of hard work, the park looked much better. We were tired but very happy. Our teacher said that what we did was very 7 for the environment. Next month, we are going to plant trees in the countryside. We also plan to give talks to primary school students about how to live an 8 life. I believe that if everyone does their part, our world will become more 9 and beautiful. I'm looking forward to our next activity. Being a member of the club makes me feel 10 and proud. 1. A. bored B. excited C. nervous D. weak 2. A. foggy B. rainy C. sunny D. snowy 3. A. messy B. tidy C. clean D. balanced 4. A. polluted B. noisy C. clean D. sandy 5. A. shy B. happy C. brave D. energetic 6. A. helpful B. lazy C. crazy D. silent 7. A. terrible B. important C. awful D. slight 8. A. dangerous B. expensive C. environment-friendly D. foreign 9. A. polluted B. ugly C. pleasant D. serious 10. A. successful B. lonely C. alone D. unhappy 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. A 【解析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者加入学校新成立的环保俱乐部，参与首次公园清理志愿活动的经历，以及在活动中收获的友谊、成就感和对环保事业的信心。 1. 句意：我非常兴奋，立刻加入了俱乐部。 解析：根据 "joined it immediately" 可知作者心情激动，"excited"（兴奋的）符合语境。 2. 句意：那天天气晴朗，阳光明媚，微风习习。 解析：根据 "bright sunshine and a gentle wind" 可知是晴天，"sunny"（晴朗的）符合描述。 3. 句意：当我们到达时，惊讶地发现公园有多乱。 解析：根据 "There were plastic bottles... everywhere" 可知公园脏乱，"messy"（凌乱的）符合语境。 4. 句意：我所在的第三组需要张贴标语，告诉人们保持公园干净。 解析：环保活动的目的是保持公园整洁，"clean"（干净的）符合逻辑。 5. 句意：起初，我感到有点害羞，因为我不认识其他很多学生。 解析：根据 "didn't know many of the other students" 可知作者会害羞，"shy"（害羞的）符合心理。 6. 句意：但很快我发现每个人都非常乐于助人且友好。 解析：与 "friendly" 并列，且大家一起愉快工作，"helpful"（乐于助人的）符合语境。 7. 句意：老师说我们所做的对环境非常重要。 解析：环保活动对环境有重要意义，"important"（重要的）符合评价。 8. 句意：我们还计划给小学生做关于如何过环保生活的讲座。 解析：环保俱乐部的主题是环保，"environment-friendly"（环保的）符合主题。 9. 句意：我相信如果每个人都尽一份力，我们的世界会变得更宜人、更美丽。 解析：与 "beautiful" 并列，描述世界变好，"pleasant"（宜人的）符合语境。 10. 句意：成为俱乐部的一员让我感到成功和自豪。 解析：与 "proud" 并列，表达活动带来的正面感受，"successful"（有成就感的）符合语境。 二、阅读理解： A Li Ming is my best friend. He is a tall and slim boy with big eyes. He has many good qualities. First of all, he is very honest. He never tells lies and always keeps his promises. Second, he is very humorous. He often tells us funny stories that make us laugh loudly. Third, he is very caring. When someone is in trouble, he always tries his best to help them. Li Ming is also a hard-working student. He is curious about everything and always asks questions in class. He is talented in math and often helps me with my math homework. He says that learning is a lifelong journey and we should never stop learning. Besides studying, Li Ming has many hobbies. He is crazy about playing basketball and is a member of our school basketball team. He also likes reading books about history. He thinks reading is meaningful and can open up our eyes to the world. I feel lucky to have such a good friend. He teaches me a lot and makes my school life more colorful. 1. What does Li Ming look like? A. He is short and fat. B. He is tall and slim. C. He has small eyes. D. He has long hair. 2. Which of the following is NOT a quality of Li Ming? A. Honest. B. Humorous. C. Caring. D. Lazy. 3. What subject is Li Ming talented in? A. English. B. Chinese. C. Math. D. History. 4. What does Li Ming think of reading? A. It's boring. B. It's meaningful. C. It's dangerous. D. It's useless. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Li Ming's hobbies. B. Li Ming's school life. C. Li Ming's good qualities and hobbies. D. Li Ming's family. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. C 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者最好的朋友李明的外貌特征、优秀品质、学习态度以及兴趣爱好，表达了作者为拥有这样一位好朋友而感到幸运的心情。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句 "He is a tall and slim boy with big eyes." 可知，李明又高又瘦，长着大眼睛，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第一段 "First of all, he is very honest... Second, he is very humorous... Third, he is very caring." 可知，李明具备诚实、幽默、有爱心的品质，文中未提及懒惰，故选 D。 3. 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句 "He is talented in math and often helps me with my math homework." 可知，李明在数学方面有天赋，故选 C。 4. 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句 "He thinks reading is meaningful and can open up our eyes to the world." 可知，李明认为阅读很有意义，故选 B。 5. 主旨大意题。文章依次介绍了李明的优秀品质（诚实、幽默、有爱心、勤奋）和兴趣爱好（打篮球、读历史书），这是全文的核心内容，故选 C。 B The weather in England is very changeable. It can be sunny, rainy, windy, foggy or cloudy in a single day. People often say that you can experience four seasons in one day in England. In spring, the weather is usually pleasant. The temperature is not too high or too low. There may be some rain, but the days get longer and the flowers start to bloom. Summer is the best time to visit England. The weather is usually sunny and warm. However, it can also be rainy sometimes. The average temperature in summer is about 20℃. Autumn is a beautiful season. The leaves on the trees turn red, yellow and brown. The weather is cool and dry. It's a good time to go for a walk in the park. Winter in England is not very cold. It seldom snows heavily. But it is often wet and windy. Sometimes there is fog, which makes it difficult to see clearly. No matter what the weather is like, English people always talk about it. It is the most common topic of conversation in England. 1. What is the weather like in England? A. It is always sunny. B. It is very changeable. C. It is always rainy. D. It is very cold all year round. 2. Which season is the best time to visit England? A. Spring. B. Summer. C. Autumn. D. Winter. 3. What is the average temperature in summer in England? A. About 10℃. B. About 15℃. C. About 20℃. D. About 25℃. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A. English people never talk about the weather. B. It often snows heavily in winter in England. C. Autumn is a good season to go for a walk. D. The weather in spring is always sunny. 5. What is the passage mainly about? A. The four seasons in England. B. The best time to visit England. C. The changeable weather in England. D. English people's hobbies. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，开篇点明英国天气多变的核心特点，随后分别介绍了春、夏、秋、冬四个季节的具体天气状况，最后补充说明谈论天气是英国人最常见的交谈话题。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句 "The weather in England is very changeable." 可知，英国的天气非常多变，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句 "Summer is the best time to visit England." 可知，夏天是游览英国的最佳时间，故选 B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句 "The average temperature in summer is about 20℃." 可知，英国夏季的平均气温约为 20 摄氏度，故选 C。 4. 推理判断题。A 选项与最后一段第一句 "English people always talk about it" 不符；B 选项与第五段第二句 "It seldom snows heavily" 不符；C 选项可由第四段最后一句 "It's a good time to go for a walk in the park" 直接推断得出；D 选项与第二段第三句 "There may be some rain" 不符，故选 C。 5. 主旨大意题。文章以 "英国多变的天气" 为核心，分四季展开具体描述，结尾补充相关文化习惯，全文围绕这一主题展开，故选 C。 C The panda is one of the most famous animals in the world. It is a rare and endangered animal. Pandas live in the bamboo forests in the southwest of China. Pandas are very cute. They have round faces and black and white fur. They are fat and look like teddy bears. Most pandas live on bamboo. They eat about 12 to 38 kilograms of bamboo every day. However, pandas are facing many serious problems. First, their living areas are becoming smaller and smaller. People cut down too many bamboo forests, so pandas don't have enough food to eat. Second, some people kill pandas for their fur. This is very terrible. Luckily, more and more people are realizing the importance of protecting pandas. The Chinese government has set up many nature reserves to protect pandas. Scientists are also doing research to help pandas have more babies. Protecting pandas is not only important for pandas themselves, but also for the whole ecosystem. We should all do our part to protect these lovely animals. 1. Where do pandas live? A. In the bamboo forests in the southwest of China. B. In the deserts in the northwest of China. C. In the grasslands in the north of China. D. In the rainforests in the south of China. 2. What do most pandas live on? A. Meat. B. Bamboo. C. Fruit. D. Vegetables. 3. Which of the following is NOT a problem that pandas are facing? A. Their living areas are becoming smaller. B. They don't have enough food to eat. C. Some people kill them for their fur. D. They are too lazy to have babies. 4. What does the underlined word "reserves" mean in Chinese? A. 保护区 B. 博物馆 C. 动物园 D. 公园 5. What can we learn from the passage? A. Pandas are not endangered anymore. B. Protecting pandas is important for the ecosystem. C. No one is trying to protect pandas. D. Pandas eat about 50 kilograms of bamboo every day. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了大熊猫的栖息地、外形特征、饮食习惯，阐述了它们目前面临的生存危机，以及中国政府和科学家为保护大熊猫所采取的措施，最后强调保护大熊猫对整个生态系统的重要意义。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句 "Pandas live in the bamboo forests in the southwest of China." 可知，大熊猫生活在中国西南部的竹林中，故选 A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段第四句 "Most pandas live on bamboo." 可知，大多数大熊猫以竹子为食，故选 B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段内容，大熊猫面临的问题包括栖息地缩小、食物不足、被人类猎杀取皮，文中未提及 "它们太懒不愿生育"，故选 D。 4. 词义猜测题。根据第四段第二句 "The Chinese government has set up many nature reserves to protect pandas."，结合 "保护大熊猫" 的语境，"nature reserves" 意为 "自然保护区"，故选 A。 5. 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句 "Protecting pandas is not only important for pandas themselves, but also for the whole ecosystem." 可知，保护大熊猫对生态系统很重要，故选 B。 D DIY, which means "do it yourself", is very popular now. More and more people are interested in DIY. There are many reasons for this. First, DIY is a good way to save money. You can make things by yourself instead of buying them from shops. Second, DIY is fun. You can create something special and unique. Third, DIY can help you develop your hands-on skills and creativity. Last week, I took a DIY course at my school. The teacher taught us how to make a wooden shelf. At first, I thought it was easy. But when I started to do it, I found it was very difficult. I made many mistakes. My hands were hurt and the wood was very messy. I felt very nervous and wanted to give up. But the teacher encouraged me. She said that it was usual to make mistakes when learning something new. She helped me correct my mistakes. With her help, I finally finished the shelf. It was not perfect, but I was very proud of it. Now I am crazy about DIY. I often make things at home in my free time. I have made a lot of things, such as paper flowers, birthday cards and small furniture. DIY makes my life more colorful and meaningful. 1. What does DIY mean? A. Do it yourself. B. Buy it yourself. C. Help others. D. Learn from others. 2. Which of the following is NOT a reason why people like DIY? A. It can save money. B. It is fun. C. It can help you develop your skills. D. It is very easy. 3. What did the writer learn to make in the DIY course? A. A paper flower. B. A birthday card. C. A wooden shelf. D. A small table. 4. How did the writer feel when he first started to make the shelf? A. Excited. B. Nervous. C. Happy. D. Proud. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. The writer is good at DIY now. B. The writer will never do DIY again. C. DIY is only popular among students. D. It is impossible to make things by yourself. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. A 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，先介绍了 DIY 的含义以及人们喜欢 DIY 的三个主要原因，接着讲述了作者参加学校 DIY 课程制作木架的亲身经历，最后表达了作者对 DIY 的热爱以及 DIY 给自己生活带来的积极改变。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句 "DIY, which means 'do it yourself', is very popular now." 可知，DIY 的意思是自己动手做，故选 A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段内容，人们喜欢 DIY 的原因包括省钱、有趣、培养动手能力和创造力，文中未提及 "它很容易"，且作者制作木架时遇到了诸多困难，故选 D。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句 "The teacher taught us how to make a wooden shelf." 可知，作者在 DIY 课上学做木架，故选 C。 4. 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句 "I felt very nervous and wanted to give up." 可知，作者刚开始制作架子时感到非常紧张，故选 B。 5. 推理判断题。A 选项可由最后一段 "Now I am crazy about DIY. I often make things at home in my free time. I have made a lot of things..." 合理推断得出；B 选项与作者痴迷 DIY 的表述完全相反；C 选项与第一段 "More and more people are interested in DIY" 不符；D 选项与作者成功制作出多种物品的事实相悖，故选 A。 实战巩固·拓展培优 一、首字母填空： Last Friday, our school held an earthquake emergency drill (演练). All the teachers and students took part in it. It was a very meaningful and important activity. Before the drill, our teacher told us what to do during an earthquake. She said that when the earthquake starts, we should stay c 1 and not run around. If we are in the classroom, we should hide under our desks and protect our heads with our schoolbags. We should not use the lift because it is very d 2 . When the alarm (警报) rang, all the students followed the teacher's instructions. We quickly hid under our desks. The classroom became very s 3 . No one talked or laughed. After a few minutes, the teacher told us to leave the classroom one by one. We walked quickly and quietly down the stairs. Some students felt a little n 4 , but no one pushed or ran. When we got to the playground, we counted the number of students. All of us were safe. No one was hurt. Our teacher said that we did a very good job. The drill helped us learn how to protect ourselves during an earthquake. It also taught us that we should be brave and calm when we face t 5 things. Earthquakes are terrible, but if we know what to do, we can stay s 6 . We should also help each other when someone is in trouble. After the drill, many students said that they would tell their families about what they learned. I think it is necessary for schools to hold such drills regularly. They can help us prepare for the u 7 and save our lives. During the drill, some students who were w 8 at first became much braver later. They helped each other and showed great courage. It was really h 9 to see everyone working together as a team. This experience will be a l 10 lesson for all of us. In the future, I hope more schools will hold emergency drills. It is not only good for students, but also for teachers. We should all learn some basic safety skills to protect ourselves and our loved ones. 【答案】1. calm 2. dangerous 3. silent 4. nervous 5. terrible 6. safe 7. unexpected 8. worried 9. heartwarming 10. lasting 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，详细记录了作者学校上周五开展的地震应急演练活动，包括演练前的安全指导、演练过程中的师生表现以及演练带来的深刻感悟，强调了定期举行应急演练对提升师生安全防护能力的重要意义。 1. 句意：她说当地震开始时，我们应该保持冷静，不要乱跑。 原因：stay calm 是固定搭配，意为 “保持冷静”，符合地震时的正确应对原则，首字母为 c。 2. 句意：我们不应该使用电梯，因为它非常危险。 原因：地震时电梯易发生故障，存在安全隐患，dangerous 意为 “危险的”，符合语境，首字母为 d。 3. 句意：教室变得非常安静。 原因：后文提到 “没人说话或笑”，silent 意为 “安静的”，准确描述了当时的场景，首字母为 s。 4. 句意：一些学生感到有点紧张，但没人推搡或奔跑。 原因：面对突发的地震演练，学生容易产生紧张情绪，nervous 意为 “紧张的”，符合人物心理，首字母为 n。 5. 句意：它也教会我们，当面对可怕的事情时，我们应该勇敢和冷静。 原因：地震属于可怕的突发事件，terrible 意为 “可怕的”，符合语境，首字母为 t。 6. 句意：地震很可怕，但如果我们知道该怎么做，我们就能保持安全。 原因：掌握正确的应对方法能保障自身安全，safe 意为 “安全的”，符合逻辑，首字母为 s。 7. 句意：它们能帮助我们为意外做准备，拯救我们的生命。 原因：地震等自然灾害属于不可预期的意外事件，unexpected 意为 “意外的”，符合语境，首字母为 u。 8. 句意：在演练期间，一些一开始担心的学生后来变得勇敢多了。 原因：与后文 “变得勇敢” 形成对比，worried 意为 “担心的、焦虑的”，符合人物情绪变化，首字母为 w。 9. 句意：看到大家作为一个团队一起努力，真的很暖心。 原因：师生团结协作的场景令人感到温暖，heartwarming 意为 “暖心的、感人的”，符合语境，首字母为 h。 10. 句意：这次经历对我们所有人来说将是一个持久的教训。 原因：演练带来的安全知识和感悟会长期影响大家，lasting 意为 “持久的”，符合语境，首字母为 l。 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $