期末复习之阅读理解20篇（期末热点话题）（浙江专用）-2025-2026学年高二英语人教版选择性必修第四册

**基本信息** 聚焦期末热点话题，覆盖应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文四大文体，通过20篇精选文本系统训练语言理解与信息处理能力，兼顾文化意识与思维品质培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |应用文|5篇|以信息比对、细节查找为主，如夏令营课程对比、志愿岗位规则|从具体信息提取到实用场景应用，培养快速定位关键信息能力| |记叙文|5篇|侧重人物经历与情感分析，如科研学者生活转变、文化交流使者故事|通过叙事线索梳理人物形象与主题，提升深层理解能力| |说明文|5篇|围绕科学现象与社会趋势，如梦境色彩研究、数字戒断风潮|从现象描述到原理阐释，训练逻辑推理与概括能力| |议论文|5篇|探讨社会议题与观点论证，如终身学习、韧性抗压|通过论点识别与论据分析，培养批判性思维与价值判断|

期末复习之阅读理解20篇 （期末热点话题） 序号 文体 篇目核心主题 1 应用文 青少年科创 STEAM 夏令营两条课程赛道对比、分班测评、食宿接送收费规则 2 应用文 大学春季三项学生志愿岗位：图书馆数字化、校园植物向导、少儿编程助教，报名规则、热度数据 3 应用文 吉尔吉斯斯坦列宁峰独立徒步自助攻略：海拔、保险、交通住宿明细预算计算 4 应用文 老挝 / 墨西哥 / 日本三大文化遗产保护海外志愿项目，时长职责费用食宿说明 5 应用文 学生备考间隙 5 分钟分段健身动作流程、正念提升训练效果 6 记叙文 科研学者赴乌拉圭访学，慢节奏作息改变自身，回国平衡工作与家庭生活 7 记叙文 美国吴雪莉 75 年扎根开封河大，深耕教学、搭建中西文化交流桥梁 8 记叙文 自闭症女孩奥利维亚受衣物感官不适困扰，自创减压卫衣品牌帮扶同类特殊群体 9 记叙文 八旬南京战争幸存者二十年纪念馆志愿宣讲，终生以传递和平为使命 10 记叙文 古董画商贝尔特・韦伊发掘毕加索、马蒂斯、莫迪里阿尼等未成名大师，冲破女性行业歧视 11 说明文 媒体色彩影像影响人类梦境色彩记忆，年轮式研究对比今昔梦境差异，梦境意象本就模糊无绝对黑白彩色 12 说明文 50 岁以上中老年男女同等护心收益所需运动时长差异巨大，手环大数据佐证研究，点明样本局限 13 说明文 数字成瘾催生实体 APP 屏蔽器 Brick，全民数字戒断风潮兴起，剖析 FOMO 焦虑与不良网络内容双重诱因 14 说明文 国内兴起 “佛系轻冒险旅游”，扶梯上山、慢蹦极、舒缓漂流弱化强度，解读当代游客从吃苦挑战转向舒适享乐的观念转变 15 说明文 美国权威医学期刊 JAMA 增设诗歌专栏，诗歌兼具疗愈作用，辅助医学生提升共情、疏导情绪、心理治疗应用 16 议论文 人工智能冲击就业市场，终身学习（学 - 弃旧知 - 再学）是职场立足核心，适配自动化用工变革 17 议论文 韧性抗压不是天生钢铁性格，是可锻炼的心理能力；灵活变通、重构失败认知、日常小事彰显平凡勇气 18 议论文 书写倒逼深度思考，AI 写作弱化人脑思辨；读写是严谨思维根基，短视频碎片化内容削弱推理能力 19 议论文 城市公交楼宇广告大屏噪音扰民，干扰学习休息通勤，呼吁一线城市公共交通回归安静环境 20 议论文 社交攀附、八卦并非单纯道德瑕疵，本质是高超社交认知图谱能力；大脑海马区构建社交网络地图，助力人脉布局信息传播 应用文 Passage 1 Teen Innovation STEAM Camp welcomes ambitious high school students to join our summer programme, which aims to shape creative thinkers and practical problem-solvers through STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics) learning. Our two well-structured learning paths are crafted to help participants upgrade their innovative capabilities efficiently. The Core Innovation Track focuses on integrated training in creative design,data analysis, basic programming and project presentation, laying a solid foundation for hands-on practice. The Enhanced Innovation Track, an extended version of the core path, adds 10 specialized workshops every week to speed up skill improvement, with specific arrangements listed below. Course Type Core Innovation Track Enhanced Innovation Track Days Mon. — Fri. Mon. — Fri. Number of Sessions 20 sessions 20 sessions 10 sessions Course Schedule 9:00 — 12:30 9:00 — 12:30 13:00 — 14:30 Applicants are divided into small classes based on their current STEAM levels. They have to take an online assessment before the programme starts; if the online assessment is unavailable, they will complete a paper-based evaluation on the first Monday of the course. All learning materials are provided free of charge, and each class has a maximum of 15 members to ensure personalized guidance and sufficient interaction. Our full-package service takes good care of every student from arrival to departure. We arrange free airport pick-up and comfortable accommodation, and all travel details must be sent to us at least four weeks in advance for smooth preparation. We offer nutritious breakfast and dinner, as well as either a freshly-cooked lunch or a convenient packed meal. We ask parents to inform us of any food allergies (过敏), individual dietary requirements or daily medications, and an extra payment will be charged for preparing customized meals to meet specific health needs. 1．How does the Enhanced Innovation Track differ from the Core Innovation Track? A．It focuses on basic training. B．It provides extra lessons. C．It has a shorter daily run. D．It has sessions at weekends. 2．What are applicants expected to do before starting their programme? A．Take a level test. B．Reserve the courses. C．Choose learning paths. D．Submit personal materials. 3．What leads to an additional fee for students? A．Requiring pick-up service. B．Taking daily medicines. C．Asking for learning materials. D．Needing special diets. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 【导语】主要介绍青少年创新科创夏令营的课程类别、分班要求以及食宿出行相关配套服务信息。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The Enhanced Innovation Track, an extended version of the core path, adds 10 specialized workshops every week to speed up skill improvement, with specific arrangements listed below. (进阶创新课程是核心课程的拓展版本，每周增设十场专业研讨课以加速技能提升，具体安排如下。)”可知，进阶课程相比核心课程多出额外课程。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They have to take an online assessment before the programme starts; if the online assessment is unavailable, they will complete a paper-based evaluation on the first Monday of the course.(学员需在项目开始前参加线上测评；若无法开展线上测评，则于课程首个周一进行纸质测评。)”可知，申请者开课前需要参加水平测试。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“We ask parents to inform us of any food allergies (过敏), individual dietary requirements or daily medications, and an extra payment will be charged for preparing customized meals to meet specific health needs. (请家长告知孩子食物过敏情况、个人饮食禁忌及日常用药信息。定制专属健康餐食将额外收取费用。)”可知，有特殊饮食需求会产生额外花销。 Passage 2 Student Volunteer Opportunities — Spring Semester Project Time Location Primary Duties Requirements (2023‒2025) Trend Library Digitization Weekdays, 1‒3 p.m. University Main Library Scan rare books; catalog metadata Basic computer skills; attention to detail 85% Campus Green Guide Fridays, 2‒4 p.m. Botanical Garden Lead tours; explain plant ecology Keen interest in environmental science; articulate. Solid literacy. 65% Community Coding Coach Sat, 9:30‒11:30 a.m. City Youth Center Teach Scratch/Python to kids (8‒12) programming foundation; enthusiasm for teaching 92% Application & Notes: ●Apply exclusively at: volunteer.uni.edu ●Deadline: February 10th. Late applications reviewed only if spots remain. ●All volunteers completing 30+ hours receive a formal certificate and an eligible-for-reference letter. ●For Coding Coach: Mandatory online pedagogy training on Feb 15th (2‒4 p.m.). Absence necessitates rescheduling with the coordinator. ●Note for International Students: Library Digitization project may involve handling century-old materials; allergy to dust/mold is a consideration. 1．What is a common requirement for applying to any of the volunteer projects? A．Being available on weekends. B．Having prior teaching experience. C．Submitting an online application. D．Passing a preliminary skills test. 2．Why is the “Note for International Students” specifically mentioned for the Library Digitization project? A．To indicate the project requires advanced language skills. B．To highlight a potential health consideration for participants. C．To show the project is only open to domestic students. D．To emphasize the historical value of the materials. 3．What can be inferred from the “Participation Trend” data? A．The Coding Coach position is the most competitive to get. B．The Green Guide project has seen a steady decline in popularity. C．All projects have consistently high enrollment rates. D．The Library project requires the fewest weekly hours. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 【导语】本文介绍了春季学期三项学生志愿活动的时间、地点、工作内容、报名要求及参与热度，同时说明了统一线上报名渠道、截止日期、专项培训安排与留学生相关注意事项等申请须知。 1．细节理解题。根据“Application & Notes:”部分中“●Apply exclusively at: volunteer.uni.edu(仅限在以下网址申请：volunteer.uni.edu)”可知，所有项目都只能在线上指定网站提交申请。 2．细节理解题。根据“Application & Notes:”部分中“●Note for International Students: Library Digitization project may involve handling century-old materials; allergy to dust/mold is a consideration.(国际学生注意事项：图书馆数字化项目可能涉及处理百年古籍；要考虑对灰尘/霉菌过敏。)”可知，项目需要接触百年旧材料，要注意是否对灰尘/霉菌过敏，过敏属于潜在健康风险，该提示是为参与者点明此项志愿存在潜在健康方面的注意事项。 3．推理判断题。根据表格最后一列“(2023-2025)Trend”可知，每个项目的参与趋势数值分别是：“Library Digitization(图书馆数字化)”85%、“Campus Green Guide(校园绿色向导)”65%、“Community Coding Coach(社区编程教练)”92%，数值越高报名热度越高、社区编程教练的占比（92%）是三个项目里最高的，说明该项目参与热度最高、竞争最激烈。 Passage 3 Lenin Peak Base Camp Trek (徒步): Independent Guide Lenin Peak Base Camp trek is one of the most dramatic treks you can do independently in Central Asia. While most people arrive on organised expeditions, getting there by public transport with nothing but a backpack is entirely possible and far cheaper than it looks on paper. Why the Pamirs? The Pamir mountain range stretches across the far south of Kyrgyzstan, forming a natural border with Tajikistan. The landscape reflects that sense of being at the edge of things: enormous,plain, and free from anything unnecessary. Where the Tien Shan can feel green in summer, thePamirs are rawer and more exposed, with wide rocky valleys and permanent snowfields. There are no rows of guesthouses and no steady stream of trekkers on the path ahead of you. What you get instead is a genuine sense of remoteness that is increasingly hard to find anywhere in Central Asia. Practical Information ● Permits Technically, the area around Lenin Peak falls within a border zone due to its being close toTajikistan, and a permit is required to trek here. ● Altitude (海拔) Tulpar-Kul sits at around 3500 metres and Traveller’s Pass is above 4000 metres. Take it slowly on your first day and pay attention to how you’re feeling. Headaches and exhaustion are common at this altitude and usually manageable, but they’re a signal to slow down rather than push on. ● Don’t forget Travel Insurance Trekking to Lenin Peak Base Camp takes you above 3,500 meters, an altitude where many standard travel insurance plans stop providing coverage. I personally use and recommend SafetyWing for trekking in Kyrgyzstan. Their Nomad Insurance specifically covers “hiking up to 4,500 meters” in their standard policy. ● How Much Does It Cost to Trek to Lenin Peak Base Camp? Expense Approximate Cost Shared taxi Bishkek → Osh (per seat) 1,000-1,500 KGS Marshrutka Osh → Sary-Mogul 400-600 KGS 4×4 Sary-Mogul → Tulpar-Kul (per car,4 passengers per car) 2,000-4,000 KGS Guesthouse in Sary-Mogul (per night) 500-800 KGS Yurt camp at Tulpar-Kul (per night, dinner + breakfast) 1,700 KGS+ Permit (border zone) Variable 1．Who are the targeted readers of the text? A．Single travellers. B．Group tour participants. C．Travel agency workers. D．Professional mountaineers. 2．What can be concluded from the practical tips? A．Common altitude discomforts call for a stop. B．Regular insurance may fail to cover this trek. C．Visitors can trek in the border zone without a permit. D．Traveller’s Pass is measured at precisely 4,000 metres. 3．What is the minimum budget for one traveller using public transport except permits? A．About 3,000 KGS. B．About 4,100 KGS. C．About 5,100 KGS. D．About 6,000 KGS. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 【导语】文章介绍吉尔吉斯斯坦列宁峰大本营独立徒步的实用攻略。 1．推理判断题。 根据第一段中“Lenin Peak Base Camp trek is one of the most dramatic treks you can do independently in Central Asia. While most people arrive on organised expeditions, getting there by public transport with nothing but a backpack is entirely possible and far cheaper than it looks on paper.(列宁峰大本营徒步是中亚最震撼人心的自助徒步路线之一。大多数人会选择跟团探险出行，而仅背着背包、搭乘公共交通前往此地完全可行，花费也远比看上去要便宜。)”可知，本文针对的是选择独立出行而非跟团的旅行者，即独自旅行者。 2．细节理解题。 根据Don’t forget Travel Insurance部分中“Trekking to Lenin Peak Base Camp takes you above 3,500 meters, an altitude where many standard travel insurance plans stop providing coverage. (徒步前往列宁峰大本营海拔超过3500米，很多普通旅行保险不再对此海拔提供承保。)”可知，普通保险可能无法覆盖此次徒步。 3．细节理解题。 根据How Much Does It Cost部分，取各项最低费用：比什凯克→奥什拼车1000；奥什→萨里莫古尔小巴400；四驱车一车4人，人均最低2000÷4=500；民宿500；蒙古包营地1700。合计：1000+400+500+500+1700=4100 KGS。 Passage 4 Volunteer tourism, which combines travel with community service, has grown in popularity among global travelers seeking meaningful experiences. The Telegraph recently featured three short-term volunteer programs focused on cultural heritage preservation ideal for those wanting to contribute while exploring new destinations. Here are key details: Program Name Location Duration& Schedule Core Duties Program Fee(per person) Temple Restoration Project Luang Prabang, Laos 2 weeks (Mon-Fri: 8:30-11:30, 14:00-17:00) Assist with minor temple repairs; document ancient murals $650 Indigenous Craft Revival Oaxaca, Mexico 3 weeks (Tue-Sat:9:00-16:00, breaks included) Teach basic digital skills; help record craft techniques $820 Oral History Collection Kyoto, Japan 1 week (Wed-Mon:10:00-18:00, 1 day off) Translate interviews; organize traditional story archives $580 Additional Information: Accommodation: All programs include stays with local families (2-3 volunteers per household), providing cultural immersion. Inclusions: Program fees cover accommodation, daily meals, and local transportation during work hours. Flights and travel insurance are excluded. Requirements: No professional skills needed, but basic conversational English is required. A passion for cultural preservation is essential. Application Deadline: For 2025 summer programs, applications must be submitted by March 31,2025. Successful applicants will be notified by April 15. This selection aims to highlight programs that prioritize “responsible engagement rather than one-sided assistance,” as noted by The Telegraph’s travel editor. Each project is co-designed with local communities to ensure long-term benefits. 1．How many hours does a volunteer work per week in the Temple Restoration Project? A．20 hours. B．25 hours. C．30 hours. D．35 hours. 2．What is a must for those applying for the volunteer programs? A．Fluent English for formal interviews. B．Previous volunteer experience in travel. C．Professional skills in cultural preservation. D．A strong interest in protecting cultural heritage. 3．What do the three programs have in common? A．They are located in Asian countries. B．Their core duty is to translate interviews. C．Their program fees include flights and insurance. D．They are developed in cooperation with local communities. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文，介绍了《每日电讯报》推荐的三个聚焦文化遗产保护的短期志愿项目，涵盖项目的地点、时长、核心职责、费用等关键信息及附加说明。 1．细节理解题。根据表格中Temple Restoration Project对应的Duration & Schedule部分“2 weeks (Mon-Fri: 8:30-11:30, 14:00-17:00)(2周，周一至周五：8:30-11:30，14:00-17:00)”，每天工作时长为(11:30-8:30)+(17:00-14:00)=3+3=6小时，每周工作5天，每周工作时长为6×5 = 30小时。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据Requirements部分“A passion for cultural preservation is essential.(对文化保护的热情是必不可少的)”可知，申请这些志愿项目必须对保护文化遗产有浓厚兴趣。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Each project is co-designed with local communities to ensure long-term benefits.(每个项目都是与当地社区共同设计的，以确保长期效益)”可知，这三个项目的共同点是与当地社区合作开发。故选D。 Passage 5 With midterms and finals nearing, finding time to work out between all the studying and classes can be a challenge. But who says you must choose between studying and working out? This study break exercise routine is all you need to stay on track for your fitness goals. Better yet, it's just 5 minutes long. How It Works For every hour of studying, take a 5-minute break to get up and move your body. This routine is filled with light cardio (有氧运动), body weight exercises, and dynamic stretches to wake your body up and prepare it for your next period of studying. This routine may be short, but do it enough times throughout the day and the calories will add up! Routine Details 5-Minute Study Break Exercise 15 SECONDS Knee March 45 SECONDS Planks (平板支撑) Adjust this when needed. If you have ten minutes, do the entire routine twice. 15 SECONDS Running High Kicks 30 SECONDS Neck Circles 15 SECONDS Butt Kicks 30 SECONDS Shoulder Rolls 15 SECONDS Running Butt Kicks 15 SECONDS Reach Overs 30 SECONDS Jumping Jacks 15 SECONDS Upper Back Stretch 45 SECONDS Squats 30 SECONDS Hamstring Hang Follow our demonstration on our fitness channel (quick and direct). Dial 721 – 479 – 560 for professional advice. Email us your feedback at SPERD@ qmail.com. Seek a partner at our fitness center. Add Mindfulness Although you will benefit regardless of how well you perform the exercises, adding mindfulness can make it even more effective: Pay Attention: Notice the sensations in your body as you move and stretch. Breathe: Match movements to your breath —— breathe in as you prepare, and breathe out as you stretch or apply force. Be Gentle: Don't force stretches. Move within a comfortable range. Focusing on your body for these few minutes helps calm the mind. 1．Which two activities share the same duration? A．Squats and Upper Back Stretch. B．Jumping Jacks and Neck Circles. C．Shoulder Rolls and Reach Overs. D．Knee March and Hamstring Hang. 2．What is highly recommended to learn the moves? A．Sending a feedback email. B．Watching a guided video. C．Seeking a workout partner. D．Calling a fitness center. 3．Which can improve the workout results? A．Taking deep breaths in between. B．Rushing through the entire routine. C．Pushing each move to the maximum. D．Pairing movement with mental focus. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了适合学生在学习间隙进行的5分钟简易锻炼方法，包括操作方式、具体动作及正念建议。 1．细节理解题。根据文章“Routine Details”部分中的“30 SECONDS Neck Circles(30秒 颈部绕环)”和“30 SECONDS Jumping Jacks(30秒 开合跳)”可知，这两项运动都是30秒。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章“Routine Details”部分中的“Follow our demonstration on our fitness channel (quick and direct).(可以在我们的健身频道观看示范（简洁直观）。)”可知，作者推荐观看健身频道的示范视频来学习动作。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章“Add Mindfulness”部分中的“Although you will benefit regardless of how well you perform the exercises, adding mindfulness can make it even more effective(无论动作标准与否，你都会从中受益，而加入正念能让效果更好)”可知，将动作与专注意识结合（正念练习）可以提升锻炼效果。故选D。 记叙文 Passage 1 As a postdoctoral researcher and then a faculty member, I was constantly caught between work and family. In 2025, a short-term Fulbright fellowship took me to Uruguay, where I thought there would be three months of intense lab work. I was depressed to learn that the bus to the institute ran on a schedule that limited our work hours to 8:00 am to 3:30 pm. Mornings started with shared tea and conversations about our weekends, followed later by an extended lunch break that was sacred (神圣的). I felt impatient. I was still working long hours, but the built-in breaks, which often included an evening snack or walk on the street, made all the difference. I still got my work done, and the slower rhythm also left space for deeper thinking, both in my experiments and in my life. A calmness set in, and I found myself laughing more and sleeping better. Midway through my fellowship, my family arrived for an extended visit, and I took 3 weeks off for a once-in-a-lifetime journey. We wandered through neighborhoods, stood in silence under a desert sky heavy with stars, and felt the thunder of waterfalls flooding us in mist. I began to notice my daughter’s fascination with seashells, and my son’s growing ease with strangers. When my fellowship ended 8 months ago and I returned, I no longer treated evenings and weekends as time to catch up on unfinished work; instead, I reserved them for my family and myself. Blocking my calendar so that nobody can schedule a meeting during my off-hours and letting my lab members know when I’ll be available has worked wonders. I’ve built small rituals (仪式) into my routine, such as a morning walk, and a lunch break away from the screen. These modest changes have reshaped the texture (质感) of my days. I find myself more focused in the lab, more patient with my students, and more present with my family. Productivity, I’ve realized, isn’t measured only by research papers and grants. It’s also sustained by presence, rest and the relationships that give meaning to the work. 1．How did the author initially feel about the work schedule in Uruguay? A．Disappointed. B．Hopeless. C．Satisfied. D．Regretful. 2．What major change did the Uruguay experience bring to the author? A．Longer working hours. B．Higher research productivity. C．Better work-life balance. D．Increased lab responsibilities. 3．What did the author do in his spare time after returning to his country? A．He often helped in neighborhoods. B．He was busier with his research. C．He travelled a lot with his family. D．He spent more time relaxing. 4．What does the author want to emphasize in the last paragraph? A．A good career move. B．A shift in life philosophy. C．A new academic model. D．A traditional work culture. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】作者通过自己在乌拉圭短期研究期间的经历讲述了从“工作与家庭不断拉扯”到“重塑生活质感”的转变过程。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“I was depressed to learn that the bus to the institute ran on a schedule that limited our work hours to 8:00 am to 3:30 pm.(当得知去研究所的公交车按时间表运行，将我们的工作时间限制在上午8点到下午3点30分，我很沮丧)”可知，作者最初对乌拉圭的工作时间表感到失望。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“I still got my work done, and the slower rhythm also left space for deeper thinking, both in my experiments and in my life. A calmness set in, and I found myself laughing more and sleeping better.(我依旧完成了手头的工作，而放缓的节奏也让我无论是做实验还是生活日常，都有空间进行更深层次的思考。内心渐渐归于平静，我也变得爱笑了，睡眠质量也好了许多)”可推断，乌拉圭经历带给作者的主要变化是作者能更好地平衡工作与生活。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“When my fellowship ended 8 months ago and I returned, I no longer treated evenings and weekends as time to catch up on unfinished work; instead, I reserved them for my family and myself. Blocking my calendar so that nobody can schedule a meeting during my off-hours and letting my lab members know when I’ll be available has worked wonders. I’ve built small rituals (仪式) into my routine, such as a morning walk, and a lunch break away from the screen.(8个月前我的奖学金项目结束回国后，我不再把晚上和周末当作补做未完成工作的时间；相反，我把这些时间留给家人和自己。在日程表上锁定时间，这样在我的非工作时间就没人能安排会议，并让我的实验室成员知道我何时有空，这产生了奇妙的效果。我在日常生活中融入了一些小仪式，比如早上散步，以及午餐时间远离屏幕)”可知，回国后作者在业余时间花更多时间放松。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I find myself more focused in the lab, more patient with my students, and more present with my family. Productivity, I’ve realized, isn’t measured only by research papers and grants. It’s also sustained by presence, rest and the relationships that give meaning to the work.(我发觉自己在实验室里更加专注，对待学生更有耐心，陪伴家人时也更用心投入。我渐渐明白，工作效率并非只靠论文与项目经费来衡量。全身心的投入、适时的休整，以及为工作赋予意义的人际关系，同样是高效状态的长久支撑)”可知,最后一段作者提到生产力不仅仅由研究论文和资助来衡量，还包括当下的状态、休息以及赋予工作意义的人际关系，这表明作者生活哲学发生了转变，从单纯注重工作成果转变为更关注工作与生活的平衡以及生活的意义。 Passage 2 At the age of 96, Shirley Wood — better known by her Chinese name Wu Xueli — graced the graduation ceremony at Henan University’s Minglun Campus in Kaifeng. Dressed in a neat academic gown and holding a graduation certificate, she wore a bright smile that showed her deep love for the school. Seventy-five years earlier, the 20-year-old American arrived in China with her veterinarian husband, embarking on a life-long journey that reshaped her destiny and tightly bound her to this land. Settled in Kaifeng, an ancient cultural city, Wood immersed herself fully in local life. She spoke the local dialect so fluently that she could communicate with neighbors easily. She often shared homemade snacks and joined local folk activities, earning herself the warm nickname “Laodajie”. She regarded Kaifeng as her genuine home, for its warmth and inclusiveness kept her from feeling lonely; and she admired its beautiful balance between tradition and modernity. Beyond being a housewife, Wood devoted over 50 years to education, translation and cross-cultural communication. As an English professor at Henan University she taught more than 3,000 undergraduates and over 300 postgraduates. Faced with scarce resources and rural students with no language foundation, she designed creative methods to spark their passion for oral English, often staying up late preparing lively teaching materials. Wood also contributed greatly to Sino-Western cultural exchange. She wrote many articles to introduce China’s customs and changes to Western readers and her 1958 novel A Street in China vividly showed daily life in New China. In 1988 she translated reports at the Seventh National People’s Congress striving for full accuracy and some of her versions of reform and opening-up terms later became international standards. A witness to China’s great changes she received a red flag before the founding of the PRC in 1949 and has hung it prominently at home every National Day. In 1975 with Premier Zhou Enlai’s approval she became a Chinese citizen which she called one of her happiest moments. Despite early hardships and five of her six children living in the US, her heart has always been rooted in China with deep love and lifelong commitment. 1．What can we learn about Shirley Wood’s experience in China? A．She started her career at age 20. B．She spent most life in Kaifeng. C．She had difficulty getting along with locals. D．She lived in China for 75 years. 2．What did she do for Sino-Western cultural exchange? A．She promoted communication through writing B．She educated students at Henan University. C．She taught Chinese in foreign countries. D．She valued China’s national flag deeply. 3．According to the passage, Shirley Would can best be described as ________. A．humorous and outgoing B．Independent and optimistic C．adaptable and tolerant D．committed and innovative 4．What type of writing is this text? A．A short story. B．A book review. C．A feature story. D．A research paper. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文讲述美国人吴雪莉扎根开封，从教并投身中西文化交流的一生。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Seventy-five years earlier, the 20-year-old American arrived in China with her veterinarian husband, embarking on a life-long journey that reshaped her destiny and tightly bound her to this land.(75年前，这位20岁的美国人跟随兽医丈夫来华，开启改写命运、与中国紧紧相连的一生旅途)”与第二段 Settled in Kaifeng, an ancient cultural city, Wood immersed herself fully in local life.(在古城开封定居后，伍德全身心融入当地生活)”可知，她大半辈子在开封度过。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Wood also contributed greatly to Sino-Western cultural exchange. She wrote many articles to introduce China’s customs and changes to Western readers and her 1958 novel A Street in China vividly showed daily life in New China.(伍德也为中西文化交流做出巨大贡献。她撰写大量文章向西方读者介绍中国风俗与变迁，她1958年的小说《中国一条街》生动展现新中国日常生活)”可知，她通过写作促进中外交流。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Faced with scarce resources and rural students with no language foundation, she designed creative methods to spark their passion for oral English.(面对资源匮乏、毫无英语基础的乡村学生，她设计创新方法点燃学生英语口语热情)”以及末段“Despite early hardships and five of her six children living in the US, her heart has always been rooted in China with deep love and lifelong commitment.(尽管早年历经艰辛，六个孩子中有五个定居美国，她的心始终扎根中国，满怀热爱、终身坚守)”可知，她富有创新力、做事尽职尽责。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，并结合第一段“At the age of 96, Shirley Wood — better known by her Chinese name Wu Xueli — graced the graduation ceremony at Henan University’s Minglun Campus in Kaifeng. Dressed in a neat academic gown and holding a graduation certificate, she wore a bright smile that showed her deep love for the school. Seventy-five years earlier, the 20-year-old American arrived in China with her veterinarian husband, embarking on a life-long journey that reshaped her destiny and tightly bound her to this land.(96岁的雪莉・伍德，中文名吴雪莉，现身河南大学开封明伦校区毕业典礼。她身着整齐学士服、手持毕业证，面带灿烂笑容，流露对母校的深爱。75年前，20岁的美国人跟随兽医丈夫来华，开启改写命运、与中国紧紧相连的一生旅途)”可知，文章主要讲述讲述美国人吴雪莉扎根开封，从教并投身中西文化交流的故事。全文围绕人物生平纪实叙事，属于人物专题特稿。 Passage 3 For people with sensory problems, wearing the wrong clothes can be a disaster. Whether it’s itchy (发痒的) tags, uncomfortable fibers, or just the wrong fit, these problems can lead people to feel overstimulated and have trouble navigating daily life. Olivia Drewery experienced these challenges. The 27-year-old based in the United Kingdom was diagnosed with autism and ADHD (自闭和多动症) in her early twenties. “I spent most of my life feeling overwhelmed, masking myself constantly, wondering why everyday things felt so difficult,” Drewery said in a recent TikTok video. But that diagnosis also came with a whole new way to view the world. “Why were there no brands for people like me — clothing that actually works with our nervous systems and not against them?” Drewery posed. That’s when she had the idea to create a clothing label for people with autism and ADHD, which can help them focus and calm. Her solution is the Stim Hoodie (卫衣), a product she just released from her brand Club Neuro. Each hoodie includes a built-in pressure-relief toy in the pocket. It all came after Drewery built a platform on social media, where she shared her “autistic ADHD diaries” with thousands of followers. After sharing about her need to be comfortable in her clothes, she connected with Club Neuro co-founders. From there, they spent 10 months perfecting their design. The hoodie looks like any other, but it has a number of careful features, including removable stress balls built into the cuffs (袖口), attached pressure-relief toys hidden in the front pockets, a weighted fabric, and no tags. “Because I’ve struggled so much in school settings, in university, in the workplace, in friendships, and social settings, I want to make sure that I’m raising awareness of autism and ADHD so people can see it themselves or recognize it in others, and so we can get the support we need,” she told the Yorkshire Evening Post. “I feel like I’m doing the right thing in my life.” 1．What do we know about people with sensory problems from paragraph 1? A．They can’t manage daily life. B．They are troubled with wrong clothes. C．They lack focus for their work. D．They are refused by dress designers. 2．How did Olivia feel before the diagnosis? A．Confused and uneasy. B．Upset and guilty. C．Scared and ashamed. D．Lonely and bored. 3．Why did Olivia decide to design the Stim Hoodie? A．To expand her clothing brand. B．To win public popularity. C．To meet special group’s needs. D．To promote a new lifestyle. 4．Which word can best describe Olivia’s project? A．First-rate. B．Eco-friendly. C．Innovation-led. D．Human-centered. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】文章主要讲述了患有自闭症和多动症的奥利维亚·德雷维深受衣物带来的感官困扰，于是创立品牌，设计出多款贴心设计的减压卫衣。她也希望借此提升大众对这类病症的关注，帮助同类人群。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“For people with sensory problems, wearing the wrong clothes can be a disaster. Whether it’s itchy (发痒的) tags, uncomfortable fibers, or just the wrong fit, these problems can lead people to feel overstimulated and have trouble navigating daily life.( 对于有感官障碍的人来说，穿错衣服可能会带来灾难性的后果。无论是发痒的标签、不舒服的材质，还是不合身的问题，这些都会让人感到过度兴奋，从而难以应对日常生活。)”可知，感官障碍人群会被不合适的衣物严重困扰。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中““I spent most of my life feeling overwhelmed, masking myself constantly, wondering why everyday things felt so difficult,” Drewery said in a recent TikTok video.( “我一生中的大部分时间都感到压力巨大，总是需要自我掩饰，还一直疑惑为什么日常的事情会如此困难。”德雷维在最近的一段 TikTok 视频中说道。)”可推知，奥利维亚·德雷维在确诊前感到困惑和不安。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中““Why were there no brands for people like me — clothing that actually works with our nervous systems and not against them?” Drewery posed. That’s when she had the idea to create a clothing label for people with autism and ADHD, which can help them focus and calm.( “为什么没有适合像我这样的人的品牌——那些能与我们的神经系统协同工作而非与之对抗的服装呢？”德雷维问道。正是在这个时候，她萌生了为患有自闭症和多动症的人创建一个服装品牌的想法，这个品牌能够帮助他们集中注意力并放松下来。)”可知，德雷维发现市场上没有为自闭症和多动症人群设计的舒适衣物，因此决定设计产品满足这一特殊群体的需求。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，全文围绕奥利维亚·德雷维为感官障碍人群设计衣物展开，产品细节（无标签、内置减压玩具、加重面料）和她“提高疾病认知、帮助同类获得支持”的理念，都体现了对人的关怀。由此可推知，奥利维亚·德雷维的项目是以人为本的。 Passage 4 Mr. Zhang, an 80-year-old war survivor, has been a volunteer at the Nanjing Peace Memorial Hall for 20 years. When he was 8, he experienced the cruel war and lost his parents and little sister. The painful memory has never left him, but it also made him make up his mind to guard peace for his whole life. Every day, Mr. Zhang welcomes visitors from all over the world at the memorial hall. He tells them his own war experience and the stories of the victims, with tears in his eyes every time. At first, he was too sad to speak about the past, but he knew he had to do it — he wanted people to remember the cruelty of war and cherish the peaceful life now. Some young visitors once asked him why he spent so much time on this voluntary work with no pay. Mr. Zhang smiled and said, “Peace is the most precious thing in the world. If my stories can make one more person cherish peace, my work is meaningful.” He also teaches children in primary schools about peace knowledge in his spare time, hoping the peace spirit can be passed on to the next generation. After 20 years, Mr. Zhang’s hair has turned white, but his love for peace is still as strong as ever. He says he will keep working at the memorial hall as long as he can walk and speak, for peace is a lifelong mission for him. 1．What made Mr. Zhang decide to guard peace for his whole life? A．His experience as a volunteer at the memorial hall. B．The cruel war he experienced and the loss of his family. C．The request of the Nanjing Peace Memorial Hall. D．His wish to make friends with international visitors. 2．What does the underlined word “cherish” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．To forget completely. B．To value and care for. C．To fight for bravely. D．To give up easily. 3．What is Mr. Zhang’s attitude towards his voluntary work at the memorial hall? A．He thinks it is tiring and wants to give up. B．He does it for money and fame. C．He regards it as a lifelong and meaningful mission. D．He only does it to make up for his painful past. 4．Which is the best title for the text? A．A War Survivor’s Lifelong Mission to Guard Peace B．The History of the Nanjing Peace Memorial Hall C．How to Pass on the Peace Spirit to Young People D．The Cruelty of War and the Value of Life 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】文章主要讲述了80岁战争幸存者张先生因童年失去家人而终生守护和平的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“When he was 8, he experienced the cruel war and lost his parents and little sister. The painful memory has never left him, but it also made him make up his mind to guard peace for his whole life. (8岁时，他经历了残酷的战争，失去了父母和妹妹。痛苦的回忆从未离开过他，但也让他下定决心，要守护一生的和平。)”可知，战争经历与失去亲人促使他决定守护一生的和平。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Peace is the most precious thing in the world. If my stories can make one more person cherish peace, my work is meaningful. (和平是世界上最珍贵的东西。如果我的故事能让多一个人cherish和平，我的工作就是有意义的。)”可知，张先生认为和平是世界上最珍贵的东西，他希望人们记住战争的残酷，并且珍惜当下的和平生活。由此可推断出，cherish意为“珍惜、珍视”，与value and care for意思相近。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“He says he will keep working at the memorial hall as long as he can walk and speak, for peace is a lifelong mission for him. (他说，只要他能走路和说话，他就会继续在纪念馆工作，因为和平对他来说是一项终身使命。)”可知，张先生对他的志愿工作持积极态度，他将志愿工作视作终身且有意义的使命。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“Mr. Zhang, an 80-year-old war survivor, has been a volunteer at the Nanjing Peace Memorial Hall for 20 years. When he was 8, he experienced the cruel war and lost his parents and little sister. The painful memory has never left him, but it also made him make up his mind to guard peace for his whole life. (现年八十岁的战争幸存者张先生，已在南京和平纪念馆担任志愿者二十年。8岁时，他经历了残酷的战争，失去了父母和妹妹。痛苦的回忆从未离开过他，但也让他下定决心，要守护一生的和平。)”可知，文章主要讲述了80岁的战争幸存者张先生在南京和平纪念馆做了20年志愿者，他因童年失去家人的痛苦经历而决心终生守护和平，并一直通过讲述自己的故事来传递和平精神。 因此A项“一位战争幸存者守护和平的终生使命”最贴合文章主旨，是文章的最佳标题。 Passage 5 Pablo Picasso was an unknown artist when he arrived in Paris in 1900. The owner of a small Parisian art gallery was struck by his paintings, buying three of them for 100 francs. Berthe Weill later said that she made a swift profit by reselling them for 150 francs. Picasso was not the only artist discovered by Weill. She was also the first dealer to sell a Henri Matisse painting and she organised the only exhibition of works by Amedeo Modigliani. Weill, born in 1865, had a fascination for art and a determination to challenge established habits. Her initial gallery in Pigalle, then Paris, is said to be the first to feature only emerging artists. “Place aux Jeunes (Make Way for the Young),” read her business card. Her first shop was an antique store operated with her brother. In 1901, she set up the Gallery B Weill, using her initials (姓名首字母) rather than her full first name. Weill started buying Matisse’s paintings in the early 1900s when he was little known and struggling to make a living. In his room with just enough space for a bed, he showed her his works. “Quality still lives,” she remembered. “I have taken a few to try to interest people.” She sold her first Matisse in 1902 for 130 francs. He got 110 francs. The painter’s works now sell for tens of millions. In 1917, Weill organised the first Modigliani exhibition in Paris, featuring 32 of his bold works. There was a protest, prompting the police to order her to “get rid of the rubbish”. Not surprisingly, the exhibition was a flop. But Weill bought five of the works, one of which sold for $170.4 million in New York in 2015. The Orangerie Museum in Paris recently held an exhibition “to give her back the place she deserves”. It featured about 100 works by the artists promoted by Weill while also highlighting the discrimination she faced as a woman in a male-dominated art world. 1．Why did Berthe Weill use her initials for the gallery? A．To follow the trend at that time. B．To please her business partners. C．To make the name more appealing. D．To hide her identity as a woman. 2．What does the underlined word “flop” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Success. B．Failure. C．Reward. D．Trick. 3．Which of the following best describes Berthe Weill? A．Visionary. B．Determined. C．Organized. D．Imaginative. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Discrimination in the Art Business. B．Emerging Artists of the 20th Century. C．An Unsung Heroine of the Art World D．The Discovery of the Most-valued Paintings. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】文章主要讲述了艺术商人韦伊发掘多位大师却长期被忽视的故事。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段中“In 1901, she set up the Gallery B Weill, using her initials (姓名首字母) rather than her full first name.(1901年她创办Gallery B Weil，选用姓名首字母作为店名，并未使用全名)”及最后一段中“highlighting the discrimination she faced as a woman in a male-dominated art world(强调了她在男性主导的艺术界中作为女性所面临的歧视)”可知，韦伊用首字母命名画廊是为了隐藏自己的女性身份，以避免在男性主导的艺术界中受到歧视。 2．词句猜测题。根据第五段中“There was a protest, prompting the police to order her to “get rid of the rubbish”. Not surprisingly, the exhibition was a flop.(有人抗议，促使警察命令她“把垃圾清掉”。不出所料，这次展览是一个flop)”可知，展览遭到抗议，警察要求撤展，因此展览是失败的。flop意为“失败”。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Pablo Picasso was an unknown artist when he arrived in Paris in 1900. The owner of a small Parisian art gallery was struck by his paintings, buying three of them for 100 francs.(1900年，Pablo Picasso初到巴黎时还是无名画家。巴黎一家小型画廊的店主被他的画作打动，花100法郎买下三幅作品。)”和第二段中“She was also the first dealer to sell a Henri Matisse painting and she organised the only exhibition of works by Amedeo Modigliani.(她也是第一个卖Henri Matisse画作的商人，还组织了Amedeo Modigliani作品的唯一一次展览。)”可知，Berthe Weill在Pablo Picasso、Henri Matisse、Amedeo Modigliani等人还默默无闻时就发现了他们的才华，而这些人后来都成为了艺术大师，说明她极具远见。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段中“The Orangerie Museum in Paris recently held an exhibition “to give her back the place she deserves”.(巴黎橘园美术馆最近举办了一场展览“还她应得的地位”。)”可知，文章主要讲述了Weill发掘了多位艺术大师却长期被忽视，如今终于得到认可的故事。C选项“艺术界的无名英雄”最能概括全文主旨。 说明文 Passage 1 We dream every night. Some mornings, we recall vivid details, and other days, we can’t. But what about color? Do most people dream in color or in black and white? Some people may be surprised to learn that this has proved a divisive question. Modern research has indicated that television and films have a lot to do with how we experience dreaming and what we can remember when we wake up. “Since we’re used to colored media, we think dreams must be kind of like watching a movie or watching something on YouTube,” Eric Schwitzgebel, a professor at the University of California told Live Science. But that hasn’t always been the case. Up until the 1960s, researchers thought people largely dreamed without color, and surveys have backed this hypothesis. A small study of 277 people published in 1942 found that 70.7% of the college students surveyed rarely or never saw colors in their dreams. Nearly 60 years later, Schwitzgebel asked a group of 124 college students the same questions-and the results had shifted drastically. Less than 20% of the students surveyed reported rarely or never seeing colors in their dreams. Other recent studies have produced similar results. This suggests that the way we interpret our dreams is affected by the types of media we consume. But entertainment isn’t the only factor. Much of what we take away from our nightly dreams has to do with how accurately we remember. Just as in waking life, we tend to forget colors that match our expectations, but we’re more likely to recall ones that hold personal significance. But Schwitzgebel argues that the question of whether we dream in black and white or color could be a bit problematic in the first place. Our mental image might not be in black and white or in color; it may just be a foggy “indeterminate” image. Or perhaps what we remember in the morning is slightly different from the mental image we had while dreaming, informed more by assumptions than memory. Dreams might be less of a visual movie. It’s possible our media consumption affects how we remember our dreams. 1．What is the finding of modern research mainly about? A．The long-term effects of watching TV. B．A comparison between different dreams. C．The reason why people dream in black and white. D．The link between media exposure and dream colors. 2．The underlined word “hypothesis” in paragraph 2 refers to the idea that _________. A．people see colors in their dreams B．people dream in white and black C．people forget the content of dreams D．people recall dreams like watching videos 3．What colors in dreams are easily remembered? A．Colors commonly seen in waking life. B．Colors that matter to people personally. C．Colors that match people’s expectation. D．Colors connected with social convention. 4．What does Schwitzgebel think of the research? A．Its finding is reliable. B．Its sample is sufficient. C．It lacks scientific evidence. D．Its core question is misguided. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】文章主要讲述了媒体接触与人们梦境颜色之间的联系及影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Modern research has indicated that television and films have a lot to do with how we experience dreaming and what we can remember when we wake up. (现代研究表明，电视和电影与我们如何体验梦境以及醒来后能记住什么有很大关系。)”可知，现代研究发现媒体接触（如电视、电影）与梦境颜色之间存在联系。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Up until the 1960s, researchers thought people largely dreamed without color (直到20世纪60年代，研究人员认为人们做梦基本上是没有颜色的)”以及“A small study of 277 people published in 1942 found that 70.7% of the college students surveyed rarely or never saw colors in their dreams. (1942年发表的一项对277人的小规模研究发现，70.7%的受访大学生很少或从未在梦中看到颜色。)”可知，直到20世纪60年代，研究人员认为人们做梦基本上是没有颜色的，并且1942年的一项研究也支持了这个观点，所以hypothesis指的是“人们做梦是黑白的”这个观点。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Just as in waking life, we tend to forget colors that match our expectations, but we’re more likely to recall ones that hold personal significance. (就像在清醒的生活中一样，我们往往会忘记那些符合我们期望的颜色，但我们更有可能记住那些对个人有重要意义的颜色。)”可知，梦中对个人有重要意义的颜色容易被记住。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But Schwitzgebel argues that the question of whether we dream in black and white or color could be a bit problematic in the first place. Our mental image might not be in black and white or in color; it may just be a foggy “indeterminate” image. Or perhaps what we remember in the morning is slightly different from the mental image we had while dreaming, informed more by assumptions than memory. Dreams might be less of a visual movie. It’s possible our media consumption affects how we remember our dreams. (但施维茨格贝尔认为，我们做梦是黑白的还是彩色的这个问题，首先可能有点问题。我们的心理图像可能不是黑白的或彩色的；它可能只是一个模糊的“不确定”图像。又或者，我们早上记住的内容与做梦时的心理意象略有不同，更多是由主观推测而非记忆本身所决定的。梦境可能不那么像一部视觉化的电影。我们接触的媒体内容很可能影响了我们如何记住自己的梦。)”可知，施维茨格贝尔认为研究的核心问题有误导性。 Passage 2 Men over 50 may exercise more than twice as much as women to get the same heart health benefits. An analysis of activity tracker data found that men in this age group need nearly 9 hours per week of moderate to energetic activity — like fast walking or cycling — to gain a 30 per cent drop in coronary (冠状的) heart disease risk, compared with about 4 hours for women. Scientists already suspected that women got more cardiac (心脏的) benefits than men based on self-reported exercise data, but such figures aren’t always accurate. To overcome that problem, Jiajin Chen and his colleagues used data from wrist-worn activity trackers collected by the UK Biobank study and compared that with participants’ health records over eight years. They first analyzed information from 80,243 adults (average age 61) with no coronary heart disease history. Women doing at least 150 weekly minutes of moderate to energetic exercise saw a 22%lower disease risk, while men had only a 17%drop. A 30%risk reduction required 250 minutes for women and 530 for men — a notable sex difference. For 5,169 diagnosed patients (average age 67,two-thirds men),150 weekly minutes of such exercise cut women’s all-cause mortality by 70%over eight years, versus 20%for men. “This isn’t bad news for men. It’s just something we should know about, “says Nir Eynon at Monash University, Australia.” Once we know, we can do better — we can do more exercise. And while it’s reassuring for women who are busy all the time, I also think women should not miss the fact that they need to exercise as well.” A drawback, however, is that it is focused on a primarily well-off, well-educated population that was about 93 per cent white. Black women tend to have worse cardiovascular (心血管的) outcomes than white women, says DeFilippis, and social factors play a significant role in health and following treatment plans. Even so, the findings in this older population suggest that even exercise later in life can have significant benefits. 1．Why is self-reported exercise data untrustworthy? A．It lacks accuracy. B．It’s too complex. C．It’s outdated. D．It’s incomplete. 2．How did Chen’s team do the research? A．By doing experiments. B．By interviewing people. C．By reviewing old studies. D．By analyzing two data types. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The limitations of study data. B．Risk reduction for men. C．Exercise time for women. D．Gender difference in exercise. 4．What is the author’s attitude to the study? A．Doubtful. B．Critical. C．Objective. D．Approving. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】文章讲述研究发现50岁以上男女运动护心获益差异明显，男性需更长运动时长；文章客观介绍研究过程、数据观点，并指出研究样本存在局限。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Scientists already suspected that women got more cardiac (心脏的) benefits than men based on self-reported exercise data, but such figures aren’t always accurate. (科学家们原本依据自我上报的运动数据猜测女性比男性获得更多心脏益处，但这类数据并不总是准确的。)”可知，自我上报的运动数据缺乏准确性，因此不可靠。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“To overcome that problem, Jiajin Chen and his colleagues used data from wrist-worn activity trackers collected by the UK Biobank study and compared that with participants’ health records over eight years. (为解决该问题，陈嘉金及其团队采用英国生物银行研究收集的手环活动追踪数据，并将其与参与者八年的健康记录进行对比。)”可知，该团队通过分析运动手环数据和健康记录两类数据开展研究。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Women doing at least 150 weekly minutes of moderate to energetic exercise saw a 22% lower disease risk, while men had only a 17% drop. A 30% risk reduction required 250 minutes for women and 530 for men — a notable sex difference. (每周至少进行150分钟中高强度运动的女性患病风险降低22%，而男性仅下降17%。风险降低30%女性需要250分钟，男性需要530分钟，存在显著的性别差异。)”可知，第四段主要介绍男女在运动时长与健康获益上的性别差异。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“For 5,169 diagnosed patients (average age 67,two-thirds men),150 weekly minutes of such exercise cut women’s all-cause mortality by 70%over eight years, versus 20%for men. (在5169名确诊患者（平均年龄67岁，三分之二为男性）中，每周累计150分钟此类运动，八年内可使女性全因死亡率降低70%，而男性为20%。)”和最后一段“A drawback, however, is that it is focused on a primarily well-off, well-educated population that was about 93 per cent white. (然而这项研究存在一个缺陷，研究对象主要是富裕、受过良好教育的人群，其中白人约占93%。)”可知，作者既客观陈述研究成果，又客观指出研究的局限性，态度保持客观。 Passage 3 People often set new goals at the start of a new year, such as losing a few pounds or hanging out more with friends. This year, many might have added another thing to the mix: reducing screen time. As smartphones have become an important part of modern life, people in the US are turning to Brick — a physical app-blocking device (设备) — to save themselves from screen addiction. The device can block specific apps for a certain period of time, and you can only unlock them by tapping your phone against the physical Brick. According to The Economist, Brick has gained a following, especially among people aged 20 to 35. Reviewers claim that it changed their lives and helped them win the war against their phones. The device is also part of a broader digital detox (戒断) trend, which means taking a planned break from screens to reconnect with life away from screens. Nowadays, a growing number of travel destinations ask their guests to put their devices away during their stay. Once considered old-fashioned, “dumb” phones with the most basic functions are also becoming a smart choice. The reasons behind this trend are easy to understand. In our world of social media, many people are facing what researchers call “digital overload”. “There’s a feeling that you must always be reachable, always be connected,” Zeena Feldman of King’s College London said. A big part of this pressure comes from fear of missing out (FOMO), an anxiety about how others might be living better lives. This creates a vicious cycle: The more FOMO we feel, the more glued we become to our phones. People are noticing this pattern and want to escape it. Concerns about false information are also becoming more common. According to a study by EY, a global professional services firm, those seeking digital detoxes are worried about widespread harmful content. This can lead to mental decline (退化), often known as “brain rot”. With reduced attention and focus, people have come to understand that our minds need meaningful experiences more than endless online content. As Brick’s brand mission statement says: “Life is better when our phones help us do more of what matters, instead of constantly distracting (使分心) us with things that don’t.” 1．What do we know about The Brick? A．It tracks users’ daily screen time. B．It mainly attracts teenage users. C．It can block apps for a set period of time. D．It offers free services for phone users. 2．According to the text, why do some people choose digital detox? A．To escape digital pressure. B．To make traveling easier. C．To save money on phone bills. D．To become more responsible. 3．What does the underlined word “vicious” in paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Simple and easy. B．Harmful and bad. C．Normal and slow. D．Natural and beneficial. 4．What does Brick’s mission statement suggest about phones? A．They should have more features. B．They need to be updated regularly. C．They can be used to prevent mental decline. D．They should help us focus on meaningful tasks 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】文章主要介绍当下缩减电子屏幕使用时长成为新风尚，一款阻断应用程序的实体设备应运而生，同时分析人们选择数字戒断的各类原因。 1．细节理解题。根据原文第二段“The device can block specific apps for a certain period of time, and you can only unlock them by tapping your phone against the physical Brick.(该设备可以在特定时间段内屏蔽特定应用程序，你只有将手机触碰实体的Brick设备才能解锁应用)”可知，这款设备能够定时屏蔽应用软件。 2．细节理解题。根据原文第四段““There’s a feeling that you must always be reachable, always be connected,” Zeena Feldman of King’s College London said. A big part of this pressure comes from fear of missing out (FOMO) (伦敦国王学院的Zeena Feldman表示：“人们总会觉得自己必须随时能被联系到，时刻保持在线状态。” 这种压力很大一部分源于错失恐惧症)”及“People are noticing this pattern and want to escape it.(人们察觉到这种模式，并且想要摆脱它。)” 可知，人们进行数字戒断是为了摆脱数字生活带来的压力。 3．词句猜测题。根据原文第四段“The more FOMO we feel, the more glued we become to our phones. People are noticing this pattern and want to escape it.(我们的错失恐惧感越强，就越发离不开手机。人们察觉到这种模式并想要摆脱它)” 可知，这是不良有害的循环，可判断vicious含义为“有害的，糟糕的”。 4．推理判断题。根据原文第五段“As Brick’s brand mission statement says: “Life is better when our phones help us do more of what matters, instead of constantly distracting (使分心) us with things that don’t.”(正如Brick品牌宗旨所言：“当手机助力我们多做有意义之事，而非用无关琐事频频扰乱心神，生活才会愈发美好。”)” 可知，手机应当帮助人们专注于有价值的事。 Passage 4 This summer, China’s tourist industry is catering to tourists’ needs for effortless vacations. Not everyone can or wants to climb mountains, but they may want to enjoy a bird’s-eye view of the countryside. They can do that now when they visit Zhejiang’s Tianyu Mountain, which has installed an escalator. Instead of an hour of huffing and puffing, it’s just a ten-minute ride on moving stairs. For those who like to have some adventure, but not too much, slow bungee jumping is available. On this ride, they are strapped into a safety belt and lowered slowly. It’s not quite the same experience as that of the daredevils who bungee jump off the 260-meter-high glass bridge in Zhangjiajie, but it’s still fun. White water rafting is another activity that has been adapted for tourists. Instead of a raft and white water, tourists can put on life jackets and float on their backs along the crystal-clear waters of the river, which is so relaxing that the only danger is falling asleep and having a pleasant dream. By turning challenging activities into gentler versions, these attractions remove physical risks while preserving the thrill and immersive experience. They introduce tourists to adventures they might have been too timid or too exhausted to try. This approach is humorously called “wimpy tourism”. These tourists, however, are not “weak” as the term implies. They just want to enjoy their holidays without too much hardship or unnecessary struggle. The rise of this trend illustrates a broader shift in tourists’ views on travel. In the past, travel often meant challenge, aimed at proving oneself by pushing through physical limits. Today, tourists prefer to be comfort seekers. They consciously reject unnecessary hardship, believing that the ultimate goal of a vacation is simply enjoyment. This isn’t a lack of capability or courage but a more thoughtful choice. More importantly, even small, manageable challenges can still provide excitement and a sense of achievement. Though a “slow bungee jump” takes no courage, it can still build confidence and inspire people to take more chances, not just on vacation, but in life. I think that inside every “wimp”, a hero is ready to emerge; sometimes, it only takes a small step. 1．What can tourists do while visiting Tianyu Mountain? A．Climb the mountain within an hour. B．Take an escalator to the mountaintop. C．Try a 260-meter-high bungee jump. D．Go white water rafting in the river. 2．What’s paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Dangers of traditional travel. B．Examples of gentler tourist activities. C．Reasons for mountain climbing preference. D．Comparisons between comfort and adventure. 3．What does the underlined word in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．moderate B．daring C．humble D．timid 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To criticize tourists who avoid challenges. B．To promote new tourist attractions in China. C．To defend “wimpy tourism” and explain its value. D．To explain the psychological reason for effortless tour. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了今夏中国兴起的 “佛系休闲式旅游（wimpy tourism）”。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“They can do that now when they visit Zhejiang’s Tianyu Mountain, which has installed an escalator. Instead of an hour of huffing and puffing, it’s just a ten-minute ride on moving stairs.( 现在游客游览浙江天宇山就能实现这件事了，景区已经安装了自动扶梯。不用再气喘吁吁爬山一小时，搭乘自动扶梯只需十分钟就能直达。)”可知，游客游览浙江天宇山可乘坐自动扶梯上山，不用费力爬山。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“For those who like to have some adventure, but not too much, slow bungee jumping is available. …White water rafting is another activity that has been adapted for tourists….(对于喜欢来点冒险、但又不想太过刺激的人来说，慢速蹦极是不错的选择。……白水漂流是另一项为游客改良适配过的游玩项目……)”可知，第二段列举了慢蹦极、改良版白水漂流两种弱化难度、降低冒险强度的休闲旅游项目。由此可知，第二段主要讲述了温和版旅游活动的实例。 3．词句猜测题。根据上文“They introduce tourists to adventures they might have been too timid or too exhausted to try.( 这些项目为游客提供了各类冒险体验，而这些冒险原本他们可能太过胆怯或是体力不支而不敢尝试。)”可知，这种游玩方式被戏谑地称作“胆小鬼式旅游”，由此可知，wimpy对应timid，意为“胆小的”。 4．推理判断题。文章先介绍“佛系休闲旅游”现象，接着解释这类游客并非真软弱并对比过去和现在旅游观念变化，最后肯定这种旅游方式的价值，还能带来自信与成长。由此可推知，文章的主要目的是为“佛系休闲旅游”辩护并阐释其价值。 Passage 5 In early 2023, the editors of the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) decided to not only include poems in their highly respected professional publication but also publish commentaries analyzing each poem’s theme, context, and relevance to physical or mental health. This decision was based on several studies showing that beyond enjoyment and entertainment, both patients and their healthcare providers can find comfort and meaning in poetry. Though poetry falls under the humanities, and often focuses on the themes of love and nature, it has a strong historical link to science and medicine. In fact, several well-known poets, most notably John Keats and William Carlos Williams, were also practicing physicians, transforming the pain they witnessed and experienced into beautiful written works. Similarly, many novelists and writers, including John Updike and Clive James, turned to poetry to express themselves when they fell ill. In a study aiming to promote empathy (同理心) in mental health care, over 90 psychiatric (精神科的) nursing students were asked to write simple poems about their feelings toward mental health and related services. Their writings mostly reflected emotions like sadness, fear, suffering, and hatred. At the same time, the researchers found common themes of peace, respect, empathy, pride, affection, and love in the students’ poetry. Such a task of students’ work helps medical educators improve students’ viewpoint on mental illness, convey mentally ill patients’ deep emotional needs, enhance students’ empathy, and support their personal and professional growth by suggesting interventions that address both clinical concerns and patients’ innermost feelings. As a form of artistic expression and emotional revelation, poetry encourages self-reflection, promotes self-awareness, and lightens bad emotions. Poetry therapist (治疗师) Geraldine Chavis, former president of the National Association for Poetry Therapy, has long used reading and writing poetry and other forms of literature to help clients express and identify their feelings and actively participate in creative problem-solving of their issues. “Poetry therapists recognize that an untold number of poets are unconsciously acting as consultants for people they will never meet or see,” he said. 1．Why did the editors of JAMA decide to include poems and commentaries in their publication? A．To increase the journal’s popularity. B．To promote the spread of poetry culture. C．To convey pleasure and emotional support. D．To meet the demand of medical workers. 2．What’s the primary purpose of paragraph 2? A．To demonstrate a previous argument. B．To add more background information. C．To stress poets’ contribution to medicine. D．To explain the development of poetry. 3．How does writing poems benefit medical education according to the text? A．It improves teacher-student relationships. B．It can lower students’ homework burden. C．It makes students strict with their practice. D．It helps students understand patients better. 4．Which of the following statements may Geraldine Chavis agree with? A．Poetry is a valuable healing tool. B．Poets tend to have no mental disorders. C．Poets are the most professional therapists. D．Writing poetry requires careful instruction. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍《美国医学会杂志》刊登诗歌并附评析，阐述诗歌与医学渊源、写诗对医学生的作用以及诗歌在心理疗愈方面的价值。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“This decision was based on several studies showing that beyond enjoyment and entertainment, both patients and their healthcare providers can find comfort and meaning in poetry(这一决定基于多项研究表明，除了享受和娱乐之外，患者及其医疗保健提供者都可以在诗歌中找到安慰和意义)”可知，JAMA的编辑决定在刊物中收录诗歌和评论，是为了传递快乐和情感支持。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Though poetry falls under the humanities, and often focuses on the themes of love and nature, it has a strong historical link to science and medicine(虽然诗歌属于人文学科，通常关注爱情和自然的主题，但它与科学和医学有着密切的历史联系)”以及后文列举的诗人兼医生的事例可知，诗歌通常关注爱情和自然的主题，它与科学和医学有着密切的历史联系，可推理出本段主要目的是为诗歌与医学的关联提供更多的背景信息。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Such a task of students’ work helps medical educators improve students’ viewpoint on mental illness, convey mentally ill patients’ deep emotional needs, enhance students’ empathy, and support their personal and professional growth by suggesting interventions that address both clinical concerns and patients’ innermost feelings(这种学生写作任务有助于医学教育者改善学生对精神疾病的看法，传达精神疾病患者深层的情感需求，增强学生的共情能力，并通过建议同时解决临床问题和患者内心感受的干预措施来支持他们的个人和职业成长)”可知，写诗有助于医学生更好地理解患者。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“As a form of artistic expression and emotional revelation, poetry encourages self-reflection, promotes self-awareness, and lightens bad emotions. Poetry therapist (治疗师) Geraldine Chavis, former president of the National Association for Poetry Therapy, has long used reading and writing poetry and other forms of literature to help clients express and identify their feelings and actively participate in creative problem-solving of their issues(作为一种艺术表达与情感抒发形式，诗歌引人自省、提升自我认知、舒缓负面情绪。美国全国诗歌疗法协会前主席、诗歌治疗师杰拉尔丁・查维斯长期借助诗歌读写及其他文学形式，帮助来访者梳理、表达自身情绪，主动探寻解决自身困扰的可行办法)”可知，诗歌引人自省、提升自我认知、舒缓负面情绪，且美国全国诗歌疗法协会前主席、诗歌治疗师杰拉尔丁・查维斯长期借助诗歌读写及其他文学形式，帮助来访者梳理、表达自身情绪，主动探寻解决自身困扰的可行办法，由此可推理出Geraldine Chavis认为诗歌是一种有价值的治疗工具。 议论文 Passage 1 Science fiction stories about machines “stealing” our jobs may soon become reality. However, if history is any indication, technological progress will create more jobs in different fields. The real question is not whether a machine will take your job, but whether you will rise to the challenge of learning to stay relevant. When you become a lifelong learner, you claim the power to face the future of work successfully. What does it mean to be a lifelong learner? It is a cycle of “learn, unlearn, and relearn”. Learning something you are actually interested in is always enjoyable. Unlearning, however, is quite different. It means challenging and removing old ideas, beliefs, and assumptions so that new ones can grow. There are many metaphors for unlearning, for example: removing old paint before putting on a fresh coat. When a professor delivers a keynote speech online for the first time, he steps out of his comfort zone, unlearns “old ways” of doing things, and relearns the skill of working from home. Lifelong learning is more important now than ever. The labor market has changed considerably in the past decade. According to a recent report, companies’ adoption of automation will transform tasks, jobs, and skills. Over the next five to ten years, employers will divide work between humans and machines roughly equally. Nearly half of workers will need to retrain their core skills. Companies now hire based on skills rather than official qualifications. Self-management skills like active learning, toughness, and problem-solving skills are growing in importance. Mastering one skill is not enough. To stay relevant, you must make learning new skills an ongoing habit. Personal development strengthens your mind and creates higher levels of self-confidence. Professional development boosts your value in the workplace. Both are essential for surviving in a rapidly changing world. As machines get smarter, human workers must do the same. Lifelong learners invent and reinvent themselves whenever they find or create the opportunity. This is not about job-switching — it is about ensuring you remain a valuable person, whether in your current job or a new one. 1．What is the main challenge in the era of hi-tech progress? A．Finding new jobs. B．Competing with machines. C．Keeping skills relevant. D．Acquiring official qualifications. 2．What is the author’s attitude towards “unlearning” in paragraph 2? A．Supportive. B．Dismissive. C．Concerned. D．Indifferent. 3．What is suggested for workers according to paragraph 3? A．Taking the place of machines. B．Improving their core techniques. C．Switching to different industries. D．Applying for more job opportunities. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To encourage lifelong learning. B．To recommend skill courses. C．To warn of the dangers of automation. D．To compare learning methods. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】文章主要阐述了终身学习在机器时代的必要性，鼓励人们不断学习以保持竞争力。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The real question is not whether a machine will take your job, but whether you will rise to the challenge of learning to stay relevant.(真正的问题不是机器是否会取代你的工作，而是你是否会迎接挑战，学会保持相关性。)”可知，高科技时代的主要挑战是保持技能的相关性。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Unlearning, however, is quite different. It means challenging and removing old ideas, beliefs, and assumptions so that new ones can grow.(而摒弃旧知则截然不同，它意味着打破固有思维、观念与成见，接纳全新认知。)”可知，作者认可摒弃旧知的意义。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Nearly half of workers will need to retrain their core skills.(近一半的工人需要重新培训他们的核心技能。)”可知，作者建议工人提高核心技能。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Lifelong learners invent and reinvent themselves whenever they find or create the opportunity.(终身学习者在找到或创造机会时不断发明和重塑自己。)”及全文围绕终身学习展开论述可知，作者的写作目的是鼓励终身学习。 Passage 2 In the face of adversity, we often think of courage as a rare gift — something people either have or they don’t. We imagine heroes who possess a “heart of steel.” However, modern psychology suggests that resilience is more of a skill than a fixed trait. It is a mental muscle that grows stronger only through the experience of struggle. The common misconception is that a courageous person is one who is never affected by hardship. In reality, being resilient doesn’t mean you don’t feel the pain of a setback (挫折). Instead, it means you have the ability to “bounce back.” Think of a tree in a storm: the trees that survive are not the ones that are the most rigid (坚硬的), but the ones that can bend with the wind. Similarly, in our lives, the ability to adapt to changing circumstances is what allows us to endure long-term challenges without breaking. Another key to courage is the “reframing” of failure. For many, failure is a dead end — a sign to stop trying. But for those with true resilience, failure is simply “data.” It is information that tells them what didn’t work, allowing them to adjust their strategy for the next attempt. This shift in perspective is the secret weapon of the brave. They don’t see an obstacle as a wall; they see it as a puzzle waiting to be solved. Ultimately, courage is a quiet quality, which is not always found on battlefields or in dramatic rescues. More often, it is found in the student who fails an exam but chooses to study harder the next day, or the worker who loses a job but refuses to give up hope. As the saying goes, “The world breaks everyone, and afterward, some are strong at the broken places.” 1．What can be inferred about resilience from the first two paragraphs? A．It is a natural talent that cannot be developed by training. B．It requires a person to be as hard as steel in any situation. C．It helps people avoid feeling any pain during a crisis. D．It involves the flexibility to change when facing difficulties. 2．How does the author develop Paragraph 2? A．By analyzing scientific data. B．By sharing a personal experience C．By making a comparison. D．By quoting expert opinions. 3．Which of the following best describes the “brave” people mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．They treat failures as useful information for future success. B．They are born with the ability to solve all kinds of puzzles. C．They never experience any obstacles on their way to a goal. D．They believe that a wall is the most difficult obstacle to break. 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Courage is mainly demonstrated through heroic acts in battles. B．True courage is often hidden in our daily persistence and hope. C．Students who fail exams are more likely to become brave heroes. D．The world is a place where only the strongest people can survive. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文论述了韧性并非天生特质，而是可以通过经历挣扎培养的心理技能。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Think of a tree in a storm: the trees that survive are not the ones that are the most rigid (坚硬的), but the ones that can bend with the wind. Similarly, in our lives, the ability to adapt to changing circumstances is what allows us to endure long-term challenges without breaking.(想象一下暴风雨中的树：存活下来的不是最坚硬的树，而是那些能随风弯曲的树。同样，在我们的生活中，适应环境变化的能力让我们能够承受长期的挑战而不崩溃。)”可知，韧性涉及面对困难时灵活应变的能力。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Think of a tree in a storm: the trees that survive are not the ones that are the most rigid (坚硬的), but the ones that can bend with the wind. Similarly, in our lives, the ability to adapt to changing circumstances is what allows us to endure long-term challenges without breaking.(想象一下暴风雨中的树：存活下来的不是最坚硬的树，而是那些能随风弯曲的树。同样，在我们的生活中，适应环境变化的能力让我们能够承受长期的挑战而不崩溃。)”可知，作者通过将韧性比作随风弯曲的树，与生活中适应变化的能力进行类比来展开第二段内容。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But for those with true resilience, failure is simply ‘data.’ It is information that tells them what didn’t work, allowing them to adjust their strategy for the next attempt.(但对于那些真正有韧性的人来说，失败只是‘数据’。它是告诉他们什么行不通的信息，让他们能够为下一次尝试调整策略。)”可知，勇敢的人将失败视为未来成功的有用信息。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Ultimately, courage is a quiet quality, which is not always found on battlefields or in dramatic rescues. More often, it is found in the student who fails an exam but chooses to study harder the next day, or the worker who loses a job but refuses to give up hope.(最终，勇气是一种低调的品质，并不总是出现在战场或戏剧性的救援中。更多时候，它体现在考试不及格但第二天选择更加努力学习的学生身上，或者体现在失业但不放弃希望的工人身上。)”可知，真正的勇气常常隐藏在我们日常的坚持和希望中。 Passage 3 “I write to find out what I’m thinking,” wrote the great American journalist John Dos Passos. Anyone engaged in writing understands this truth: the act of writing transforms half-formed ideas into precise, logical thought. What sounds coherent (有条理的) when spoken often appears weak and illogical when committed to paper. A recent MIT study provides convincing scientific evidence for this claim. Researchers used wearable (可穿戴的) brain scanners to compare students who wrote essays independently with those using AI assistance. The findings were clear: AI-assisted writers “consistently under-performed at brain, verbal, and behavioral levels.” They demonstrated (显示，证明) that we need to write in order to think deeply. This research emerges (出现) at a critical historical moment for literacy (读写能力). Childhood reading has reached record lows, with nearly half of British adults not reading a single book last year. Adult literacy is declining or making no progress across most OECD countries. Notably, average IQs have begun to decline since the 1980s, along with reasoning (推理的) and problem-solving abilities — a trend that is unlikely to be random. Walter Ong’s influential (有影响力) work “Orality and Literacy” illuminates why writing is essential. He argued that literacy enabled Ancient Greece’s intellectual revolution. Oral cultures must “think memorable thoughts”, relying on rhyme, emotion, and cliché (陈词滥调) to preserve knowledge. Writing, by contrast, allows for precise, complex statements that can be examined, reviewed, and developed into logical arguments. In our digital age, no technology has surpassed the complicated architecture of the book. While the internet offers fragmented (碎片化的) information, books provide rich context and sustained (持续的) logical connections. Reading is an active process that demands engagement and concentration — it is essentially thinking in dialogue with the text. As our culture becomes increasingly dominated (支配) by short-form videos and attention-fragmenting content, we risk losing the capacity for complex reasoning. Reading and writing form the foundation of serious thought — a habit that unites history’s greatest minds. Before we yield (让步) our cognitive development to screens and algorithms (算法), we must carefully consider what we might be sacrificing. 1．What is the function of writing according to John Dos Passos? A．Revealing flaws in speech. B．Recording spoken words. C．Organizing thoughts. D．Ensuring fluency. 2．What is the key advantage of writing over oral cultures? A．It ensures greater objectivity. B．It makes for logical statements. C．It preserves knowledge longer. D．It requires “memorable thoughts”. 3．Why does the author describe reading as “thinking in dialogue with the text”? A．To stress its interactive feature. B．To contrast with online reading. C．To underline its logical structure. D．To highlight its cultural relevance. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Decline of Adult Literacy. B．Writing and Reading-Keys to Deep Thinking. C．Digital Age and Reading Habits. D．IQ Decline and Reading Ability. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】主要论述书写助力深度思考，对比人工智能辅助写作弊端，阐释读写对思维发展的重要价值。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的““I write to find out what I’m thinking,” wrote the great American journalist John Dos Passos.(美国著名记者约翰·多斯·帕索斯写道：我写作是为了弄清自己的想法。)”可知，在他看来写作能够梳理整理自身思绪。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Writing, by contrast, allows for precise, complex statements that can be examined, reviewed, and developed into logical arguments.(相比之下，写作能够促成精准严谨的复杂表述，还可推敲完善并形成合乎逻辑的论点。)”可知，相较于口头文化，写作的核心优势是能够形成富有逻辑性的表述。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Reading is an active process that demands engagement and concentration — it is essentially thinking in dialogue with the text.(阅读是需要全身心投入的主动过程，本质上就是在与文本对话思考。)”可知，作者这样形容阅读，是为了着重强调阅读具备互动思考的特点。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“They demonstrated (显示，证明) that we need to write in order to think deeply. (这项研究表明我们需要依靠写作来进行深度思考。)”以及第六段中的“Reading and writing form the foundation of serious thought — a habit that unites history’s greatest minds.(阅读与写作构成严谨思考的基础，这也是历代杰出人物共同具备的习惯。)”可知，文章先是点明写作可以梳理思绪、实现深度思考，借助科学实验证明人工写作优于AI辅助写作，又对比口头表达与书面写作的差距，同时阐述纸质阅读区别于网络碎片化信息的优势，最后点明在短视频盛行的当下，坚持读写才能守住复杂思辨能力，由此可知，全文紧紧围绕写作和阅读展开，突出二者是开展深度思考的关键，所以“Writing and Reading-Keys to Deep Thinking(写作与阅读：深耕思维之钥)”最能概括全文核心，适合作为最佳标题。 Passage 4 The mushrooming video screens in buses, taxis and apartment halls in cities like Shanghai are taking away our already rare resource: a place for a moment of peace. Taking a nap or reading a book on buses is less pleasant now, as the LCD screens broadcast news, entertainment and advertisements at unbearable volumes. You pay the bus fare simply to get a ride — undisturbed — but now you are exposed to this “added value”, whether you like it or not. If it’s a crowded bus, the noise is even more exasperating. More and more Chinese cities have joined Shanghai, regarded as the first to put video screens on buses, disturbing millions of passengers. Some may like to watch programmes aired on houses or in apartment halls. But those who don’t should be equally respected. Because of the bus screens, students cannot focus on reviewing their lessons or preparing for a test. People who like to read or reflect feel unsettled by the noise. Youngsters who like to listen to music on their iPods must increase the volume to fight against the competing audio. If you already feel stressed after a busy day, the bus video advertising certainly increase the tension of both your muscles and nervous system. Bus drivers are surely the worst victims because they have to bear it at least eight hours a day, non-stop. A high public tolerance for noise pollution has helped bus video advertisers to expand their businesses. But opposition has already started to make its voice heard. Some people have already accused bus companies of breaking their contracts, since their obligation is only to deliver passengers to their destinations. Shanghai, as a world-class city, should set an example for the country. It should first adopt world-class behavior in its massive public transportation system to return the public a peaceful place. 1．What does the underlined word “exasperating” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Entertaining. B．Encouraging. C．Disappointing. D．Annoying. 2．What can be inferred about the influences of the video screens on passengers? A．They make music players less popular among youngsters. B．They disturb passengers’ normal study and rest to different degrees. C．They force students to give up reviewing lessons on buses completely. D．They help stressed passengers relax their muscles and nerves effectively. 3．What is some people’s criticism of bus companies? A．They fail to provide comfortable seats for passengers. B．They ignore the negative impact of noise pollution on drivers. C．They fail to fulfill their basic duty of transporting passengers quietly. D．They limit passengers’ freedom to choose TV programmes on buses. 4．What’s the author’s attitude to the video screens in the public? A．Opposed. B．Unclear. C．Supportive. D．Indifferent. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】文章主要讲述了公共交通视频屏幕带来的噪音及其对乘客的负面影响。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“You pay the bus fare simply to get a ride — undisturbed — but now you are exposed to this “added value”, whether you like it or not. If it’s a crowded bus, the noise is even more exasperating.(乘客支付车费，只是为了不受打扰地乘车出行，可如今无论情愿与否，都被迫接受这种所谓的“增值服务”。若是遇上拥挤的公交车，这种噪音更是exasperating。)”可知，前文已提到噪音让人不舒服，拥挤的公交车使情况更糟，噪音更是让人烦躁不已。故exasperating意为“令人恼怒的”"，与annoying意思相近。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Because of the bus screens, students cannot focus on reviewing their lessons or preparing for a test. People who like to read or reflect feel unsettled by the noise. Youngsters who like to listen to music on their iPods must increase the volume to fight against the competing audio.(因为公交屏幕，学生无法集中精力复习功课或准备考试。喜欢阅读或思考的人被噪音弄得心神不宁。喜欢用iPod听音乐的年轻人必须调高音量来对抗竞争的音频。)”可知，视频屏幕在不同程度上干扰了乘客的学习和休息。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Some people have already accused bus companies of breaking their contracts, since their obligation is only to deliver passengers to their destinations.(一些人已经指责公交公司违反合同，因为他们的义务只是将乘客送到目的地。)”可知，人们批评公交公司未履行安静运送乘客的基本职责。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Shanghai, as a world-class city, should set an example for the country. It should first adopt world-class behavior in its massive public transportation system to return the public a peaceful place.(上海作为世界级城市，应该为全国树立榜样。它应该首先在其庞大的公共交通系统中采取世界级的行为，还公众一个安静的场所。)”可知，作者明确反对在公共交通中安装视频屏幕。 Passage 5 What do social climbers and gossipers (爱说闲话的人) have in common? My mother believes that both are morally suspect, a lesson we readily pass on to our children: avoid the cheater and the whisperer. But stories simplify reality. The most effective social climbers and gossipers possess a remarkable grasp of social structure to navigate (导航) their social worlds. This skill isn’t a moral failing; it’s a cognitive (认知的) skill. Recent work from my laboratory shows that cognitive maps — mental representations of the social world — shape our critical social skills. Social success depends not just on whom you know but also on how well you understand the invisible architecture of your social world. Mapping this is no small task, as social networks are large and dynamic. Yet building such cognitive maps offers great advantages. To better understand social navigation, my collaborator and I developed studies to investigate how people build cognitive maps. Across a year we tracked about 200 freshmen’s friendships and asked them to report their understanding of others’ connections. In one study, we discovered that those who rise to the top of the social structure aren’t the most charming or outgoing — they’re the best social mapmakers. The most influential people quickly build mental maps of their peers’ connection; those initially influential but without accurate mental maps of the network did not stay influential for long. In a second paper, we examined whether mapmaking aids gossiping — a behavior that, despite its poor reputation, can be an efficient way to quickly learn about the ins and outs of the community. To understand how humans pull off this remarkable task, we wondered whether mapmaking helps predict where information will spread. Mental maps become quite useful in this case, as they reveal two key network features: someone’s popularity and their distance from the gossip target. They help find a good friend — someone far enough from the target yet well-connected to spread information. How does the brain build these maps? In one of our recent studies, we discovered that the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex — a neural (神经的) center known for navigating physical space — also carries a map of connections among people. The more strongly these maps are embedded in the brain, the better we are at brokering community ties. If the brain needs to quickly figure out where gossip might spread, knowing where the popular people are positioned or the key relationships that bridge the otherwise disconnected communities allows us to chart the sequence of ties that can efficiently cross the network. Strategic wayfinding isn’t only for physical space. It is just as necessary to be able to effectively move through our social landscapes. Armed with a deliberately unclear map of their social community, skilled social navigators can do what no GPS can. They see the bridges before they’re built, avoid the storms of gossip, and map out a course to common ground. 1．As for his mother’s belief, the author is ________. A．disapproving B．supportive C．puzzled D．unconcerned 2．According to the passage, social cognitive maps can help ________. A．control the wide spread of gossip storms B．memorize others’ connections in social groups C．gain long-lasting social influence among peers D．choose well-connected people as gossip targets 3．What does the underlined word “brokering” in Paragraph 7 probably mean? A．Breaking. B．Managing. C．Experiencing. D．Recording. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．How to Interpret Social Skills B．Navigating Our Social Worlds C．What Lies Behind People’s Social Behaviors D．Brain Structures Shaping Social Relationships 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】文章主要介绍了研究者从认知角度分析：攀附权贵者和爱八卦的人并非只是道德有瑕疵，而是拥有构建社会认知图谱的能力；这类心理图谱能帮助人们认清社交结构、获得社交影响力、预判流言传播，大脑特定区域也参与社交地图构建，最终指出人们同样需要在社交世界中学会规划。 1．推理判断题。根据原文第一段“My mother believes that both are morally suspect, a lesson we readily pass on to our children: avoid the cheater and the whisperer. (我母亲认为，二者在品行上都令人存疑。我们也轻易把这种观念传给下一代：远离投机钻营者，远离私下说闲话的人。)”及第二段“But stories simplify reality. The most effective social climbers and gossipers possess a remarkable grasp of social structure to navigate their social worlds. This skill isn’t a moral failing; it’s a cognitive skill. (但世俗说法简化了现实。那些擅长社交攀附与闲聊八卦的人，对社交结构有着极强的把控力，能从容游走在社交圈中。这种能力并非道德缺陷，而是一种认知技能。)” 可知，作者并不认同母亲单纯从道德层面否定这类人的观点，对母亲的观点持不赞同的态度。 2．细节理解题。根据原文第五段“In one study, we discovered that those who rise to the top of the social structure aren’t the most charming or outgoing — they’re the best social mapmakers. (在一项研究中我们发现，那些跻身社交顶层的人，并不是最有魅力或最外向的人，而是最擅长绘制社交认知图谱的人。)”及“The most influential people quickly build mental maps of their peers’ connection; those initially influential but without accurate mental maps of the network did not stay influential for long. (最具影响力的人能快速构建同龄人社交关系的心理图谱；那些起初有影响力却没有精准社交网络心理图谱的人，无法长久保持影响力。)” 可知，社交认知图谱有助于人们在同龄人中获得持久的社交影响力。 3．词句猜测题。根据原文第七段“The more strongly these maps are embedded in the brain, the better we are at brokering community ties. (这些社交图谱在大脑中扎根越深刻，我们就越擅长brokering社群人际关系。)” 及原文第五段“In one study, we discovered that those who rise to the top of the social structure aren’t the most charming or outgoing — they’re the best social mapmakers. (在一项研究中我们发现，那些跻身社交顶层的人，并不是最有魅力或最外向的人，而是最擅长绘制社交认知图谱的人。)”可知，社交认知图谱构建得越完善，就越能处理好人际关系，故此处brokering意为 “打理、维系、经营”，与Managing同义。 4．主旨大意题。根据原文第四段“To better understand social navigation, my collaborator and I developed studies to investigate how people build cognitive maps. (为了更好地理解社交处世这一行为，我和合作伙伴开展了多项研究，探究人们是如何构建社交认知图谱的。)”及最后一段“Strategic wayfinding isn’t only for physical space. It is just as necessary to be able to effectively move through our social landscapes. (策略性的寻路不只适用于物理空间，在社交图景中从容周旋同样至关重要。)” 以及全文围绕社交认知图谱、社交处世与布局展开论述可知，全文核心主题是“经营我们的社交世界”。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 期末复习之阅读理解20篇 （期末热点话题） 序号 文体 篇目核心主题 1 应用文 青少年科创 STEAM 夏令营两条课程赛道对比、分班测评、食宿接送收费规则 2 应用文 大学春季三项学生志愿岗位：图书馆数字化、校园植物向导、少儿编程助教，报名规则、热度数据 3 应用文 吉尔吉斯斯坦列宁峰独立徒步自助攻略：海拔、保险、交通住宿明细预算计算 4 应用文 老挝 / 墨西哥 / 日本三大文化遗产保护海外志愿项目，时长职责费用食宿说明 5 应用文 学生备考间隙 5 分钟分段健身动作流程、正念提升训练效果 6 记叙文 科研学者赴乌拉圭访学，慢节奏作息改变自身，回国平衡工作与家庭生活 7 记叙文 美国吴雪莉 75 年扎根开封河大，深耕教学、搭建中西文化交流桥梁 8 记叙文 自闭症女孩奥利维亚受衣物感官不适困扰，自创减压卫衣品牌帮扶同类特殊群体 9 记叙文 八旬南京战争幸存者二十年纪念馆志愿宣讲，终生以传递和平为使命 10 记叙文 古董画商贝尔特・韦伊发掘毕加索、马蒂斯、莫迪里阿尼等未成名大师，冲破女性行业歧视 11 说明文 媒体色彩影像影响人类梦境色彩记忆，年轮式研究对比今昔梦境差异，梦境意象本就模糊无绝对黑白彩色 12 说明文 50 岁以上中老年男女同等护心收益所需运动时长差异巨大，手环大数据佐证研究，点明样本局限 13 说明文 数字成瘾催生实体 APP 屏蔽器 Brick，全民数字戒断风潮兴起，剖析 FOMO 焦虑与不良网络内容双重诱因 14 说明文 国内兴起 “佛系轻冒险旅游”，扶梯上山、慢蹦极、舒缓漂流弱化强度，解读当代游客从吃苦挑战转向舒适享乐的观念转变 15 说明文 美国权威医学期刊 JAMA 增设诗歌专栏，诗歌兼具疗愈作用，辅助医学生提升共情、疏导情绪、心理治疗应用 16 议论文 人工智能冲击就业市场，终身学习（学 - 弃旧知 - 再学）是职场立足核心，适配自动化用工变革 17 议论文 韧性抗压不是天生钢铁性格，是可锻炼的心理能力；灵活变通、重构失败认知、日常小事彰显平凡勇气 18 议论文 书写倒逼深度思考，AI 写作弱化人脑思辨；读写是严谨思维根基，短视频碎片化内容削弱推理能力 19 议论文 城市公交楼宇广告大屏噪音扰民，干扰学习休息通勤，呼吁一线城市公共交通回归安静环境 20 议论文 社交攀附、八卦并非单纯道德瑕疵，本质是高超社交认知图谱能力；大脑海马区构建社交网络地图，助力人脉布局信息传播 应用文 Passage 1 Teen Innovation STEAM Camp welcomes ambitious high school students to join our summer programme, which aims to shape creative thinkers and practical problem-solvers through STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics) learning. Our two well-structured learning paths are crafted to help participants upgrade their innovative capabilities efficiently. The Core Innovation Track focuses on integrated training in creative design,data analysis, basic programming and project presentation, laying a solid foundation for hands-on practice. The Enhanced Innovation Track, an extended version of the core path, adds 10 specialized workshops every week to speed up skill improvement, with specific arrangements listed below. Course Type Core Innovation Track Enhanced Innovation Track Days Mon. — Fri. Mon. — Fri. Number of Sessions 20 sessions 20 sessions 10 sessions Course Schedule 9:00 — 12:30 9:00 — 12:30 13:00 — 14:30 Applicants are divided into small classes based on their current STEAM levels. They have to take an online assessment before the programme starts; if the online assessment is unavailable, they will complete a paper-based evaluation on the first Monday of the course. All learning materials are provided free of charge, and each class has a maximum of 15 members to ensure personalized guidance and sufficient interaction. Our full-package service takes good care of every student from arrival to departure. We arrange free airport pick-up and comfortable accommodation, and all travel details must be sent to us at least four weeks in advance for smooth preparation. We offer nutritious breakfast and dinner, as well as either a freshly-cooked lunch or a convenient packed meal. We ask parents to inform us of any food allergies (过敏), individual dietary requirements or daily medications, and an extra payment will be charged for preparing customized meals to meet specific health needs. 1．How does the Enhanced Innovation Track differ from the Core Innovation Track? A．It focuses on basic training. B．It provides extra lessons. C．It has a shorter daily run. D．It has sessions at weekends. 2．What are applicants expected to do before starting their programme? A．Take a level test. B．Reserve the courses. C．Choose learning paths. D．Submit personal materials. 3．What leads to an additional fee for students? A．Requiring pick-up service. B．Taking daily medicines. C．Asking for learning materials. D．Needing special diets. Passage 2 Student Volunteer Opportunities — Spring Semester Project Time Location Primary Duties Requirements (2023‒2025) Trend Library Digitization Weekdays, 1‒3 p.m. University Main Library Scan rare books; catalog metadata Basic computer skills; attention to detail 85% Campus Green Guide Fridays, 2‒4 p.m. Botanical Garden Lead tours; explain plant ecology Keen interest in environmental science; articulate. Solid literacy. 65% Community Coding Coach Sat, 9:30‒11:30 a.m. City Youth Center Teach Scratch/Python to kids (8‒12) programming foundation; enthusiasm for teaching 92% Application & Notes: ●Apply exclusively at: volunteer.uni.edu ●Deadline: February 10th. Late applications reviewed only if spots remain. ●All volunteers completing 30+ hours receive a formal certificate and an eligible-for-reference letter. ●For Coding Coach: Mandatory online pedagogy training on Feb 15th (2‒4 p.m.). Absence necessitates rescheduling with the coordinator. ●Note for International Students: Library Digitization project may involve handling century-old materials; allergy to dust/mold is a consideration. 1．What is a common requirement for applying to any of the volunteer projects? A．Being available on weekends. B．Having prior teaching experience. C．Submitting an online application. D．Passing a preliminary skills test. 2．Why is the “Note for International Students” specifically mentioned for the Library Digitization project? A．To indicate the project requires advanced language skills. B．To highlight a potential health consideration for participants. C．To show the project is only open to domestic students. D．To emphasize the historical value of the materials. 3．What can be inferred from the “Participation Trend” data? A．The Coding Coach position is the most competitive to get. B．The Green Guide project has seen a steady decline in popularity. C．All projects have consistently high enrollment rates. D．The Library project requires the fewest weekly hours. Passage 3 Lenin Peak Base Camp Trek (徒步): Independent Guide Lenin Peak Base Camp trek is one of the most dramatic treks you can do independently in Central Asia. While most people arrive on organised expeditions, getting there by public transport with nothing but a backpack is entirely possible and far cheaper than it looks on paper. Why the Pamirs? The Pamir mountain range stretches across the far south of Kyrgyzstan, forming a natural border with Tajikistan. The landscape reflects that sense of being at the edge of things: enormous,plain, and free from anything unnecessary. Where the Tien Shan can feel green in summer, thePamirs are rawer and more exposed, with wide rocky valleys and permanent snowfields. There are no rows of guesthouses and no steady stream of trekkers on the path ahead of you. What you get instead is a genuine sense of remoteness that is increasingly hard to find anywhere in Central Asia. Practical Information ● Permits Technically, the area around Lenin Peak falls within a border zone due to its being close toTajikistan, and a permit is required to trek here. ● Altitude (海拔) Tulpar-Kul sits at around 3500 metres and Traveller’s Pass is above 4000 metres. Take it slowly on your first day and pay attention to how you’re feeling. Headaches and exhaustion are common at this altitude and usually manageable, but they’re a signal to slow down rather than push on. ● Don’t forget Travel Insurance Trekking to Lenin Peak Base Camp takes you above 3,500 meters, an altitude where many standard travel insurance plans stop providing coverage. I personally use and recommend SafetyWing for trekking in Kyrgyzstan. Their Nomad Insurance specifically covers “hiking up to 4,500 meters” in their standard policy. ● How Much Does It Cost to Trek to Lenin Peak Base Camp? Expense Approximate Cost Shared taxi Bishkek → Osh (per seat) 1,000-1,500 KGS Marshrutka Osh → Sary-Mogul 400-600 KGS 4×4 Sary-Mogul → Tulpar-Kul (per car,4 passengers per car) 2,000-4,000 KGS Guesthouse in Sary-Mogul (per night) 500-800 KGS Yurt camp at Tulpar-Kul (per night, dinner + breakfast) 1,700 KGS+ Permit (border zone) Variable 1．Who are the targeted readers of the text? A．Single travellers. B．Group tour participants. C．Travel agency workers. D．Professional mountaineers. 2．What can be concluded from the practical tips? A．Common altitude discomforts call for a stop. B．Regular insurance may fail to cover this trek. C．Visitors can trek in the border zone without a permit. D．Traveller’s Pass is measured at precisely 4,000 metres. 3．What is the minimum budget for one traveller using public transport except permits? A．About 3,000 KGS. B．About 4,100 KGS. C．About 5,100 KGS. D．About 6,000 KGS. Passage 4 Volunteer tourism, which combines travel with community service, has grown in popularity among global travelers seeking meaningful experiences. The Telegraph recently featured three short-term volunteer programs focused on cultural heritage preservation ideal for those wanting to contribute while exploring new destinations. Here are key details: Program Name Location Duration& Schedule Core Duties Program Fee(per person) Temple Restoration Project Luang Prabang, Laos 2 weeks (Mon-Fri: 8:30-11:30, 14:00-17:00) Assist with minor temple repairs; document ancient murals $650 Indigenous Craft Revival Oaxaca, Mexico 3 weeks (Tue-Sat:9:00-16:00, breaks included) Teach basic digital skills; help record craft techniques $820 Oral History Collection Kyoto, Japan 1 week (Wed-Mon:10:00-18:00, 1 day off) Translate interviews; organize traditional story archives $580 Additional Information: Accommodation: All programs include stays with local families (2-3 volunteers per household), providing cultural immersion. Inclusions: Program fees cover accommodation, daily meals, and local transportation during work hours. Flights and travel insurance are excluded. Requirements: No professional skills needed, but basic conversational English is required. A passion for cultural preservation is essential. Application Deadline: For 2025 summer programs, applications must be submitted by March 31,2025. Successful applicants will be notified by April 15. This selection aims to highlight programs that prioritize “responsible engagement rather than one-sided assistance,” as noted by The Telegraph’s travel editor. Each project is co-designed with local communities to ensure long-term benefits. 1．How many hours does a volunteer work per week in the Temple Restoration Project? A．20 hours. B．25 hours. C．30 hours. D．35 hours. 2．What is a must for those applying for the volunteer programs? A．Fluent English for formal interviews. B．Previous volunteer experience in travel. C．Professional skills in cultural preservation. D．A strong interest in protecting cultural heritage. 3．What do the three programs have in common? A．They are located in Asian countries. B．Their core duty is to translate interviews. C．Their program fees include flights and insurance. D．They are developed in cooperation with local communities. Passage 5 With midterms and finals nearing, finding time to work out between all the studying and classes can be a challenge. But who says you must choose between studying and working out? This study break exercise routine is all you need to stay on track for your fitness goals. Better yet, it's just 5 minutes long. How It Works For every hour of studying, take a 5-minute break to get up and move your body. This routine is filled with light cardio (有氧运动), body weight exercises, and dynamic stretches to wake your body up and prepare it for your next period of studying. This routine may be short, but do it enough times throughout the day and the calories will add up! Routine Details 5-Minute Study Break Exercise 15 SECONDS Knee March 45 SECONDS Planks (平板支撑) Adjust this when needed. If you have ten minutes, do the entire routine twice. 15 SECONDS Running High Kicks 30 SECONDS Neck Circles 15 SECONDS Butt Kicks 30 SECONDS Shoulder Rolls 15 SECONDS Running Butt Kicks 15 SECONDS Reach Overs 30 SECONDS Jumping Jacks 15 SECONDS Upper Back Stretch 45 SECONDS Squats 30 SECONDS Hamstring Hang Follow our demonstration on our fitness channel (quick and direct). Dial 721 – 479 – 560 for professional advice. Email us your feedback at SPERD@ qmail.com. Seek a partner at our fitness center. Add Mindfulness Although you will benefit regardless of how well you perform the exercises, adding mindfulness can make it even more effective: Pay Attention: Notice the sensations in your body as you move and stretch. Breathe: Match movements to your breath —— breathe in as you prepare, and breathe out as you stretch or apply force. Be Gentle: Don't force stretches. Move within a comfortable range. Focusing on your body for these few minutes helps calm the mind. 1．Which two activities share the same duration? A．Squats and Upper Back Stretch. B．Jumping Jacks and Neck Circles. C．Shoulder Rolls and Reach Overs. D．Knee March and Hamstring Hang. 2．What is highly recommended to learn the moves? A．Sending a feedback email. B．Watching a guided video. C．Seeking a workout partner. D．Calling a fitness center. 3．Which can improve the workout results? A．Taking deep breaths in between. B．Rushing through the entire routine. C．Pushing each move to the maximum. D．Pairing movement with mental focus. 记叙文 Passage 1 As a postdoctoral researcher and then a faculty member, I was constantly caught between work and family. In 2025, a short-term Fulbright fellowship took me to Uruguay, where I thought there would be three months of intense lab work. I was depressed to learn that the bus to the institute ran on a schedule that limited our work hours to 8:00 am to 3:30 pm. Mornings started with shared tea and conversations about our weekends, followed later by an extended lunch break that was sacred (神圣的). I felt impatient. I was still working long hours, but the built-in breaks, which often included an evening snack or walk on the street, made all the difference. I still got my work done, and the slower rhythm also left space for deeper thinking, both in my experiments and in my life. A calmness set in, and I found myself laughing more and sleeping better. Midway through my fellowship, my family arrived for an extended visit, and I took 3 weeks off for a once-in-a-lifetime journey. We wandered through neighborhoods, stood in silence under a desert sky heavy with stars, and felt the thunder of waterfalls flooding us in mist. I began to notice my daughter’s fascination with seashells, and my son’s growing ease with strangers. When my fellowship ended 8 months ago and I returned, I no longer treated evenings and weekends as time to catch up on unfinished work; instead, I reserved them for my family and myself. Blocking my calendar so that nobody can schedule a meeting during my off-hours and letting my lab members know when I’ll be available has worked wonders. I’ve built small rituals (仪式) into my routine, such as a morning walk, and a lunch break away from the screen. These modest changes have reshaped the texture (质感) of my days. I find myself more focused in the lab, more patient with my students, and more present with my family. Productivity, I’ve realized, isn’t measured only by research papers and grants. It’s also sustained by presence, rest and the relationships that give meaning to the work. 1．How did the author initially feel about the work schedule in Uruguay? A．Disappointed. B．Hopeless. C．Satisfied. D．Regretful. 2．What major change did the Uruguay experience bring to the author? A．Longer working hours. B．Higher research productivity. C．Better work-life balance. D．Increased lab responsibilities. 3．What did the author do in his spare time after returning to his country? A．He often helped in neighborhoods. B．He was busier with his research. C．He travelled a lot with his family. D．He spent more time relaxing. 4．What does the author want to emphasize in the last paragraph? A．A good career move. B．A shift in life philosophy. C．A new academic model. D．A traditional work culture. Passage 2 At the age of 96, Shirley Wood — better known by her Chinese name Wu Xueli — graced the graduation ceremony at Henan University’s Minglun Campus in Kaifeng. Dressed in a neat academic gown and holding a graduation certificate, she wore a bright smile that showed her deep love for the school. Seventy-five years earlier, the 20-year-old American arrived in China with her veterinarian husband, embarking on a life-long journey that reshaped her destiny and tightly bound her to this land. Settled in Kaifeng, an ancient cultural city, Wood immersed herself fully in local life. She spoke the local dialect so fluently that she could communicate with neighbors easily. She often shared homemade snacks and joined local folk activities, earning herself the warm nickname “Laodajie”. She regarded Kaifeng as her genuine home, for its warmth and inclusiveness kept her from feeling lonely; and she admired its beautiful balance between tradition and modernity. Beyond being a housewife, Wood devoted over 50 years to education, translation and cross-cultural communication. As an English professor at Henan University she taught more than 3,000 undergraduates and over 300 postgraduates. Faced with scarce resources and rural students with no language foundation, she designed creative methods to spark their passion for oral English, often staying up late preparing lively teaching materials. Wood also contributed greatly to Sino-Western cultural exchange. She wrote many articles to introduce China’s customs and changes to Western readers and her 1958 novel A Street in China vividly showed daily life in New China. In 1988 she translated reports at the Seventh National People’s Congress striving for full accuracy and some of her versions of reform and opening-up terms later became international standards. A witness to China’s great changes she received a red flag before the founding of the PRC in 1949 and has hung it prominently at home every National Day. In 1975 with Premier Zhou Enlai’s approval she became a Chinese citizen which she called one of her happiest moments. Despite early hardships and five of her six children living in the US, her heart has always been rooted in China with deep love and lifelong commitment. 1．What can we learn about Shirley Wood’s experience in China? A．She started her career at age 20. B．She spent most life in Kaifeng. C．She had difficulty getting along with locals. D．She lived in China for 75 years. 2．What did she do for Sino-Western cultural exchange? A．She promoted communication through writing B．She educated students at Henan University. C．She taught Chinese in foreign countries. D．She valued China’s national flag deeply. 3．According to the passage, Shirley Would can best be described as ________. A．humorous and outgoing B．Independent and optimistic C．adaptable and tolerant D．committed and innovative 4．What type of writing is this text? A．A short story. B．A book review. C．A feature story. D．A research paper. Passage 3 For people with sensory problems, wearing the wrong clothes can be a disaster. Whether it’s itchy (发痒的) tags, uncomfortable fibers, or just the wrong fit, these problems can lead people to feel overstimulated and have trouble navigating daily life. Olivia Drewery experienced these challenges. The 27-year-old based in the United Kingdom was diagnosed with autism and ADHD (自闭和多动症) in her early twenties. “I spent most of my life feeling overwhelmed, masking myself constantly, wondering why everyday things felt so difficult,” Drewery said in a recent TikTok video. But that diagnosis also came with a whole new way to view the world. “Why were there no brands for people like me — clothing that actually works with our nervous systems and not against them?” Drewery posed. That’s when she had the idea to create a clothing label for people with autism and ADHD, which can help them focus and calm. Her solution is the Stim Hoodie (卫衣), a product she just released from her brand Club Neuro. Each hoodie includes a built-in pressure-relief toy in the pocket. It all came after Drewery built a platform on social media, where she shared her “autistic ADHD diaries” with thousands of followers. After sharing about her need to be comfortable in her clothes, she connected with Club Neuro co-founders. From there, they spent 10 months perfecting their design. The hoodie looks like any other, but it has a number of careful features, including removable stress balls built into the cuffs (袖口), attached pressure-relief toys hidden in the front pockets, a weighted fabric, and no tags. “Because I’ve struggled so much in school settings, in university, in the workplace, in friendships, and social settings, I want to make sure that I’m raising awareness of autism and ADHD so people can see it themselves or recognize it in others, and so we can get the support we need,” she told the Yorkshire Evening Post. “I feel like I’m doing the right thing in my life.” 1．What do we know about people with sensory problems from paragraph 1? A．They can’t manage daily life. B．They are troubled with wrong clothes. C．They lack focus for their work. D．They are refused by dress designers. 2．How did Olivia feel before the diagnosis? A．Confused and uneasy. B．Upset and guilty. C．Scared and ashamed. D．Lonely and bored. 3．Why did Olivia decide to design the Stim Hoodie? A．To expand her clothing brand. B．To win public popularity. C．To meet special group’s needs. D．To promote a new lifestyle. 4．Which word can best describe Olivia’s project? A．First-rate. B．Eco-friendly. C．Innovation-led. D．Human-centered. Passage 4 Mr. Zhang, an 80-year-old war survivor, has been a volunteer at the Nanjing Peace Memorial Hall for 20 years. When he was 8, he experienced the cruel war and lost his parents and little sister. The painful memory has never left him, but it also made him make up his mind to guard peace for his whole life. Every day, Mr. Zhang welcomes visitors from all over the world at the memorial hall. He tells them his own war experience and the stories of the victims, with tears in his eyes every time. At first, he was too sad to speak about the past, but he knew he had to do it — he wanted people to remember the cruelty of war and cherish the peaceful life now. Some young visitors once asked him why he spent so much time on this voluntary work with no pay. Mr. Zhang smiled and said, “Peace is the most precious thing in the world. If my stories can make one more person cherish peace, my work is meaningful.” He also teaches children in primary schools about peace knowledge in his spare time, hoping the peace spirit can be passed on to the next generation. After 20 years, Mr. Zhang’s hair has turned white, but his love for peace is still as strong as ever. He says he will keep working at the memorial hall as long as he can walk and speak, for peace is a lifelong mission for him. 1．What made Mr. Zhang decide to guard peace for his whole life? A．His experience as a volunteer at the memorial hall. B．The cruel war he experienced and the loss of his family. C．The request of the Nanjing Peace Memorial Hall. D．His wish to make friends with international visitors. 2．What does the underlined word “cherish” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．To forget completely. B．To value and care for. C．To fight for bravely. D．To give up easily. 3．What is Mr. Zhang’s attitude towards his voluntary work at the memorial hall? A．He thinks it is tiring and wants to give up. B．He does it for money and fame. C．He regards it as a lifelong and meaningful mission. D．He only does it to make up for his painful past. 4．Which is the best title for the text? A．A War Survivor’s Lifelong Mission to Guard Peace B．The History of the Nanjing Peace Memorial Hall C．How to Pass on the Peace Spirit to Young People D．The Cruelty of War and the Value of Life Passage 5 Pablo Picasso was an unknown artist when he arrived in Paris in 1900. The owner of a small Parisian art gallery was struck by his paintings, buying three of them for 100 francs. Berthe Weill later said that she made a swift profit by reselling them for 150 francs. Picasso was not the only artist discovered by Weill. She was also the first dealer to sell a Henri Matisse painting and she organised the only exhibition of works by Amedeo Modigliani. Weill, born in 1865, had a fascination for art and a determination to challenge established habits. Her initial gallery in Pigalle, then Paris, is said to be the first to feature only emerging artists. “Place aux Jeunes (Make Way for the Young),” read her business card. Her first shop was an antique store operated with her brother. In 1901, she set up the Gallery B Weill, using her initials (姓名首字母) rather than her full first name. Weill started buying Matisse’s paintings in the early 1900s when he was little known and struggling to make a living. In his room with just enough space for a bed, he showed her his works. “Quality still lives,” she remembered. “I have taken a few to try to interest people.” She sold her first Matisse in 1902 for 130 francs. He got 110 francs. The painter’s works now sell for tens of millions. In 1917, Weill organised the first Modigliani exhibition in Paris, featuring 32 of his bold works. There was a protest, prompting the police to order her to “get rid of the rubbish”. Not surprisingly, the exhibition was a flop. But Weill bought five of the works, one of which sold for $170.4 million in New York in 2015. The Orangerie Museum in Paris recently held an exhibition “to give her back the place she deserves”. It featured about 100 works by the artists promoted by Weill while also highlighting the discrimination she faced as a woman in a male-dominated art world. 1．Why did Berthe Weill use her initials for the gallery? A．To follow the trend at that time. B．To please her business partners. C．To make the name more appealing. D．To hide her identity as a woman. 2．What does the underlined word “flop” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Success. B．Failure. C．Reward. D．Trick. 3．Which of the following best describes Berthe Weill? A．Visionary. B．Determined. C．Organized. D．Imaginative. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Discrimination in the Art Business. B．Emerging Artists of the 20th Century. C．An Unsung Heroine of the Art World D．The Discovery of the Most-valued Paintings. 说明文 Passage 1 We dream every night. Some mornings, we recall vivid details, and other days, we can’t. But what about color? Do most people dream in color or in black and white? Some people may be surprised to learn that this has proved a divisive question. Modern research has indicated that television and films have a lot to do with how we experience dreaming and what we can remember when we wake up. “Since we’re used to colored media, we think dreams must be kind of like watching a movie or watching something on YouTube,” Eric Schwitzgebel, a professor at the University of California told Live Science. But that hasn’t always been the case. Up until the 1960s, researchers thought people largely dreamed without color, and surveys have backed this hypothesis. A small study of 277 people published in 1942 found that 70.7% of the college students surveyed rarely or never saw colors in their dreams. Nearly 60 years later, Schwitzgebel asked a group of 124 college students the same questions-and the results had shifted drastically. Less than 20% of the students surveyed reported rarely or never seeing colors in their dreams. Other recent studies have produced similar results. This suggests that the way we interpret our dreams is affected by the types of media we consume. But entertainment isn’t the only factor. Much of what we take away from our nightly dreams has to do with how accurately we remember. Just as in waking life, we tend to forget colors that match our expectations, but we’re more likely to recall ones that hold personal significance. But Schwitzgebel argues that the question of whether we dream in black and white or color could be a bit problematic in the first place. Our mental image might not be in black and white or in color; it may just be a foggy “indeterminate” image. Or perhaps what we remember in the morning is slightly different from the mental image we had while dreaming, informed more by assumptions than memory. Dreams might be less of a visual movie. It’s possible our media consumption affects how we remember our dreams. 1．What is the finding of modern research mainly about? A．The long-term effects of watching TV. B．A comparison between different dreams. C．The reason why people dream in black and white. D．The link between media exposure and dream colors. 2．The underlined word “hypothesis” in paragraph 2 refers to the idea that _________. A．people see colors in their dreams B．people dream in white and black C．people forget the content of dreams D．people recall dreams like watching videos 3．What colors in dreams are easily remembered? A．Colors commonly seen in waking life. B．Colors that matter to people personally. C．Colors that match people’s expectation. D．Colors connected with social convention. 4．What does Schwitzgebel think of the research? A．Its finding is reliable. B．Its sample is sufficient. C．It lacks scientific evidence. D．Its core question is misguided. Passage 2 Men over 50 may exercise more than twice as much as women to get the same heart health benefits. An analysis of activity tracker data found that men in this age group need nearly 9 hours per week of moderate to energetic activity — like fast walking or cycling — to gain a 30 per cent drop in coronary (冠状的) heart disease risk, compared with about 4 hours for women. Scientists already suspected that women got more cardiac (心脏的) benefits than men based on self-reported exercise data, but such figures aren’t always accurate. To overcome that problem, Jiajin Chen and his colleagues used data from wrist-worn activity trackers collected by the UK Biobank study and compared that with participants’ health records over eight years. They first analyzed information from 80,243 adults (average age 61) with no coronary heart disease history. Women doing at least 150 weekly minutes of moderate to energetic exercise saw a 22%lower disease risk, while men had only a 17%drop. A 30%risk reduction required 250 minutes for women and 530 for men — a notable sex difference. For 5,169 diagnosed patients (average age 67,two-thirds men),150 weekly minutes of such exercise cut women’s all-cause mortality by 70%over eight years, versus 20%for men. “This isn’t bad news for men. It’s just something we should know about, “says Nir Eynon at Monash University, Australia.” Once we know, we can do better — we can do more exercise. And while it’s reassuring for women who are busy all the time, I also think women should not miss the fact that they need to exercise as well.” A drawback, however, is that it is focused on a primarily well-off, well-educated population that was about 93 per cent white. Black women tend to have worse cardiovascular (心血管的) outcomes than white women, says DeFilippis, and social factors play a significant role in health and following treatment plans. Even so, the findings in this older population suggest that even exercise later in life can have significant benefits. 1．Why is self-reported exercise data untrustworthy? A．It lacks accuracy. B．It’s too complex. C．It’s outdated. D．It’s incomplete. 2．How did Chen’s team do the research? A．By doing experiments. B．By interviewing people. C．By reviewing old studies. D．By analyzing two data types. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The limitations of study data. B．Risk reduction for men. C．Exercise time for women. D．Gender difference in exercise. 4．What is the author’s attitude to the study? A．Doubtful. B．Critical. C．Objective. D．Approving. Passage 3 People often set new goals at the start of a new year, such as losing a few pounds or hanging out more with friends. This year, many might have added another thing to the mix: reducing screen time. As smartphones have become an important part of modern life, people in the US are turning to Brick — a physical app-blocking device (设备) — to save themselves from screen addiction. The device can block specific apps for a certain period of time, and you can only unlock them by tapping your phone against the physical Brick. According to The Economist, Brick has gained a following, especially among people aged 20 to 35. Reviewers claim that it changed their lives and helped them win the war against their phones. The device is also part of a broader digital detox (戒断) trend, which means taking a planned break from screens to reconnect with life away from screens. Nowadays, a growing number of travel destinations ask their guests to put their devices away during their stay. Once considered old-fashioned, “dumb” phones with the most basic functions are also becoming a smart choice. The reasons behind this trend are easy to understand. In our world of social media, many people are facing what researchers call “digital overload”. “There’s a feeling that you must always be reachable, always be connected,” Zeena Feldman of King’s College London said. A big part of this pressure comes from fear of missing out (FOMO), an anxiety about how others might be living better lives. This creates a vicious cycle: The more FOMO we feel, the more glued we become to our phones. People are noticing this pattern and want to escape it. Concerns about false information are also becoming more common. According to a study by EY, a global professional services firm, those seeking digital detoxes are worried about widespread harmful content. This can lead to mental decline (退化), often known as “brain rot”. With reduced attention and focus, people have come to understand that our minds need meaningful experiences more than endless online content. As Brick’s brand mission statement says: “Life is better when our phones help us do more of what matters, instead of constantly distracting (使分心) us with things that don’t.” 1．What do we know about The Brick? A．It tracks users’ daily screen time. B．It mainly attracts teenage users. C．It can block apps for a set period of time. D．It offers free services for phone users. 2．According to the text, why do some people choose digital detox? A．To escape digital pressure. B．To make traveling easier. C．To save money on phone bills. D．To become more responsible. 3．What does the underlined word “vicious” in paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Simple and easy. B．Harmful and bad. C．Normal and slow. D．Natural and beneficial. 4．What does Brick’s mission statement suggest about phones? A．They should have more features. B．They need to be updated regularly. C．They can be used to prevent mental decline. D．They should help us focus on meaningful tasks Passage 4 This summer, China’s tourist industry is catering to tourists’ needs for effortless vacations. Not everyone can or wants to climb mountains, but they may want to enjoy a bird’s-eye view of the countryside. They can do that now when they visit Zhejiang’s Tianyu Mountain, which has installed an escalator. Instead of an hour of huffing and puffing, it’s just a ten-minute ride on moving stairs. For those who like to have some adventure, but not too much, slow bungee jumping is available. On this ride, they are strapped into a safety belt and lowered slowly. It’s not quite the same experience as that of the daredevils who bungee jump off the 260-meter-high glass bridge in Zhangjiajie, but it’s still fun. White water rafting is another activity that has been adapted for tourists. Instead of a raft and white water, tourists can put on life jackets and float on their backs along the crystal-clear waters of the river, which is so relaxing that the only danger is falling asleep and having a pleasant dream. By turning challenging activities into gentler versions, these attractions remove physical risks while preserving the thrill and immersive experience. They introduce tourists to adventures they might have been too timid or too exhausted to try. This approach is humorously called “wimpy tourism”. These tourists, however, are not “weak” as the term implies. They just want to enjoy their holidays without too much hardship or unnecessary struggle. The rise of this trend illustrates a broader shift in tourists’ views on travel. In the past, travel often meant challenge, aimed at proving oneself by pushing through physical limits. Today, tourists prefer to be comfort seekers. They consciously reject unnecessary hardship, believing that the ultimate goal of a vacation is simply enjoyment. This isn’t a lack of capability or courage but a more thoughtful choice. More importantly, even small, manageable challenges can still provide excitement and a sense of achievement. Though a “slow bungee jump” takes no courage, it can still build confidence and inspire people to take more chances, not just on vacation, but in life. I think that inside every “wimp”, a hero is ready to emerge; sometimes, it only takes a small step. 1．What can tourists do while visiting Tianyu Mountain? A．Climb the mountain within an hour. B．Take an escalator to the mountaintop. C．Try a 260-meter-high bungee jump. D．Go white water rafting in the river. 2．What’s paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Dangers of traditional travel. B．Examples of gentler tourist activities. C．Reasons for mountain climbing preference. D．Comparisons between comfort and adventure. 3．What does the underlined word in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．moderate B．daring C．humble D．timid 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To criticize tourists who avoid challenges. B．To promote new tourist attractions in China. C．To defend “wimpy tourism” and explain its value. D．To explain the psychological reason for effortless tour. Passage 5 In early 2023, the editors of the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) decided to not only include poems in their highly respected professional publication but also publish commentaries analyzing each poem’s theme, context, and relevance to physical or mental health. This decision was based on several studies showing that beyond enjoyment and entertainment, both patients and their healthcare providers can find comfort and meaning in poetry. Though poetry falls under the humanities, and often focuses on the themes of love and nature, it has a strong historical link to science and medicine. In fact, several well-known poets, most notably John Keats and William Carlos Williams, were also practicing physicians, transforming the pain they witnessed and experienced into beautiful written works. Similarly, many novelists and writers, including John Updike and Clive James, turned to poetry to express themselves when they fell ill. In a study aiming to promote empathy (同理心) in mental health care, over 90 psychiatric (精神科的) nursing students were asked to write simple poems about their feelings toward mental health and related services. Their writings mostly reflected emotions like sadness, fear, suffering, and hatred. At the same time, the researchers found common themes of peace, respect, empathy, pride, affection, and love in the students’ poetry. Such a task of students’ work helps medical educators improve students’ viewpoint on mental illness, convey mentally ill patients’ deep emotional needs, enhance students’ empathy, and support their personal and professional growth by suggesting interventions that address both clinical concerns and patients’ innermost feelings. As a form of artistic expression and emotional revelation, poetry encourages self-reflection, promotes self-awareness, and lightens bad emotions. Poetry therapist (治疗师) Geraldine Chavis, former president of the National Association for Poetry Therapy, has long used reading and writing poetry and other forms of literature to help clients express and identify their feelings and actively participate in creative problem-solving of their issues. “Poetry therapists recognize that an untold number of poets are unconsciously acting as consultants for people they will never meet or see,” he said. 1．Why did the editors of JAMA decide to include poems and commentaries in their publication? A．To increase the journal’s popularity. B．To promote the spread of poetry culture. C．To convey pleasure and emotional support. D．To meet the demand of medical workers. 2．What’s the primary purpose of paragraph 2? A．To demonstrate a previous argument. B．To add more background information. C．To stress poets’ contribution to medicine. D．To explain the development of poetry. 3．How does writing poems benefit medical education according to the text? A．It improves teacher-student relationships. B．It can lower students’ homework burden. C．It makes students strict with their practice. D．It helps students understand patients better. 4．Which of the following statements may Geraldine Chavis agree with? A．Poetry is a valuable healing tool. B．Poets tend to have no mental disorders. C．Poets are the most professional therapists. D．Writing poetry requires careful instruction. 议论文 Passage 1 Science fiction stories about machines “stealing” our jobs may soon become reality. However, if history is any indication, technological progress will create more jobs in different fields. The real question is not whether a machine will take your job, but whether you will rise to the challenge of learning to stay relevant. When you become a lifelong learner, you claim the power to face the future of work successfully. What does it mean to be a lifelong learner? It is a cycle of “learn, unlearn, and relearn”. Learning something you are actually interested in is always enjoyable. Unlearning, however, is quite different. It means challenging and removing old ideas, beliefs, and assumptions so that new ones can grow. There are many metaphors for unlearning, for example: removing old paint before putting on a fresh coat. When a professor delivers a keynote speech online for the first time, he steps out of his comfort zone, unlearns “old ways” of doing things, and relearns the skill of working from home. Lifelong learning is more important now than ever. The labor market has changed considerably in the past decade. According to a recent report, companies’ adoption of automation will transform tasks, jobs, and skills. Over the next five to ten years, employers will divide work between humans and machines roughly equally. Nearly half of workers will need to retrain their core skills. Companies now hire based on skills rather than official qualifications. Self-management skills like active learning, toughness, and problem-solving skills are growing in importance. Mastering one skill is not enough. To stay relevant, you must make learning new skills an ongoing habit. Personal development strengthens your mind and creates higher levels of self-confidence. Professional development boosts your value in the workplace. Both are essential for surviving in a rapidly changing world. As machines get smarter, human workers must do the same. Lifelong learners invent and reinvent themselves whenever they find or create the opportunity. This is not about job-switching — it is about ensuring you remain a valuable person, whether in your current job or a new one. 1．What is the main challenge in the era of hi-tech progress? A．Finding new jobs. B．Competing with machines. C．Keeping skills relevant. D．Acquiring official qualifications. 2．What is the author’s attitude towards “unlearning” in paragraph 2? A．Supportive. B．Dismissive. C．Concerned. D．Indifferent. 3．What is suggested for workers according to paragraph 3? A．Taking the place of machines. B．Improving their core techniques. C．Switching to different industries. D．Applying for more job opportunities. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To encourage lifelong learning. B．To recommend skill courses. C．To warn of the dangers of automation. D．To compare learning methods. Passage 2 In the face of adversity, we often think of courage as a rare gift — something people either have or they don’t. We imagine heroes who possess a “heart of steel.” However, modern psychology suggests that resilience is more of a skill than a fixed trait. It is a mental muscle that grows stronger only through the experience of struggle. The common misconception is that a courageous person is one who is never affected by hardship. In reality, being resilient doesn’t mean you don’t feel the pain of a setback (挫折). Instead, it means you have the ability to “bounce back.” Think of a tree in a storm: the trees that survive are not the ones that are the most rigid (坚硬的), but the ones that can bend with the wind. Similarly, in our lives, the ability to adapt to changing circumstances is what allows us to endure long-term challenges without breaking. Another key to courage is the “reframing” of failure. For many, failure is a dead end — a sign to stop trying. But for those with true resilience, failure is simply “data.” It is information that tells them what didn’t work, allowing them to adjust their strategy for the next attempt. This shift in perspective is the secret weapon of the brave. They don’t see an obstacle as a wall; they see it as a puzzle waiting to be solved. Ultimately, courage is a quiet quality, which is not always found on battlefields or in dramatic rescues. More often, it is found in the student who fails an exam but chooses to study harder the next day, or the worker who loses a job but refuses to give up hope. As the saying goes, “The world breaks everyone, and afterward, some are strong at the broken places.” 1．What can be inferred about resilience from the first two paragraphs? A．It is a natural talent that cannot be developed by training. B．It requires a person to be as hard as steel in any situation. C．It helps people avoid feeling any pain during a crisis. D．It involves the flexibility to change when facing difficulties. 2．How does the author develop Paragraph 2? A．By analyzing scientific data. B．By sharing a personal experience C．By making a comparison. D．By quoting expert opinions. 3．Which of the following best describes the “brave” people mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．They treat failures as useful information for future success. B．They are born with the ability to solve all kinds of puzzles. C．They never experience any obstacles on their way to a goal. D．They believe that a wall is the most difficult obstacle to break. 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Courage is mainly demonstrated through heroic acts in battles. B．True courage is often hidden in our daily persistence and hope. C．Students who fail exams are more likely to become brave heroes. D．The world is a place where only the strongest people can survive. Passage 3 “I write to find out what I’m thinking,” wrote the great American journalist John Dos Passos. Anyone engaged in writing understands this truth: the act of writing transforms half-formed ideas into precise, logical thought. What sounds coherent (有条理的) when spoken often appears weak and illogical when committed to paper. A recent MIT study provides convincing scientific evidence for this claim. Researchers used wearable (可穿戴的) brain scanners to compare students who wrote essays independently with those using AI assistance. The findings were clear: AI-assisted writers “consistently under-performed at brain, verbal, and behavioral levels.” They demonstrated (显示，证明) that we need to write in order to think deeply. This research emerges (出现) at a critical historical moment for literacy (读写能力). Childhood reading has reached record lows, with nearly half of British adults not reading a single book last year. Adult literacy is declining or making no progress across most OECD countries. Notably, average IQs have begun to decline since the 1980s, along with reasoning (推理的) and problem-solving abilities — a trend that is unlikely to be random. Walter Ong’s influential (有影响力) work “Orality and Literacy” illuminates why writing is essential. He argued that literacy enabled Ancient Greece’s intellectual revolution. Oral cultures must “think memorable thoughts”, relying on rhyme, emotion, and cliché (陈词滥调) to preserve knowledge. Writing, by contrast, allows for precise, complex statements that can be examined, reviewed, and developed into logical arguments. In our digital age, no technology has surpassed the complicated architecture of the book. While the internet offers fragmented (碎片化的) information, books provide rich context and sustained (持续的) logical connections. Reading is an active process that demands engagement and concentration — it is essentially thinking in dialogue with the text. As our culture becomes increasingly dominated (支配) by short-form videos and attention-fragmenting content, we risk losing the capacity for complex reasoning. Reading and writing form the foundation of serious thought — a habit that unites history’s greatest minds. Before we yield (让步) our cognitive development to screens and algorithms (算法), we must carefully consider what we might be sacrificing. 1．What is the function of writing according to John Dos Passos? A．Revealing flaws in speech. B．Recording spoken words. C．Organizing thoughts. D．Ensuring fluency. 2．What is the key advantage of writing over oral cultures? A．It ensures greater objectivity. B．It makes for logical statements. C．It preserves knowledge longer. D．It requires “memorable thoughts”. 3．Why does the author describe reading as “thinking in dialogue with the text”? A．To stress its interactive feature. B．To contrast with online reading. C．To underline its logical structure. D．To highlight its cultural relevance. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Decline of Adult Literacy. B．Writing and Reading-Keys to Deep Thinking. C．Digital Age and Reading Habits. D．IQ Decline and Reading Ability. Passage 4 The mushrooming video screens in buses, taxis and apartment halls in cities like Shanghai are taking away our already rare resource: a place for a moment of peace. Taking a nap or reading a book on buses is less pleasant now, as the LCD screens broadcast news, entertainment and advertisements at unbearable volumes. You pay the bus fare simply to get a ride — undisturbed — but now you are exposed to this “added value”, whether you like it or not. If it’s a crowded bus, the noise is even more exasperating. More and more Chinese cities have joined Shanghai, regarded as the first to put video screens on buses, disturbing millions of passengers. Some may like to watch programmes aired on houses or in apartment halls. But those who don’t should be equally respected. Because of the bus screens, students cannot focus on reviewing their lessons or preparing for a test. People who like to read or reflect feel unsettled by the noise. Youngsters who like to listen to music on their iPods must increase the volume to fight against the competing audio. If you already feel stressed after a busy day, the bus video advertising certainly increase the tension of both your muscles and nervous system. Bus drivers are surely the worst victims because they have to bear it at least eight hours a day, non-stop. A high public tolerance for noise pollution has helped bus video advertisers to expand their businesses. But opposition has already started to make its voice heard. Some people have already accused bus companies of breaking their contracts, since their obligation is only to deliver passengers to their destinations. Shanghai, as a world-class city, should set an example for the country. It should first adopt world-class behavior in its massive public transportation system to return the public a peaceful place. 1．What does the underlined word “exasperating” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Entertaining. B．Encouraging. C．Disappointing. D．Annoying. 2．What can be inferred about the influences of the video screens on passengers? A．They make music players less popular among youngsters. B．They disturb passengers’ normal study and rest to different degrees. C．They force students to give up reviewing lessons on buses completely. D．They help stressed passengers relax their muscles and nerves effectively. 3．What is some people’s criticism of bus companies? A．They fail to provide comfortable seats for passengers. B．They ignore the negative impact of noise pollution on drivers. C．They fail to fulfill their basic duty of transporting passengers quietly. D．They limit passengers’ freedom to choose TV programmes on buses. 4．What’s the author’s attitude to the video screens in the public? A．Opposed. B．Unclear. C．Supportive. D．Indifferent. Passage 5 What do social climbers and gossipers (爱说闲话的人) have in common? My mother believes that both are morally suspect, a lesson we readily pass on to our children: avoid the cheater and the whisperer. But stories simplify reality. The most effective social climbers and gossipers possess a remarkable grasp of social structure to navigate (导航) their social worlds. This skill isn’t a moral failing; it’s a cognitive (认知的) skill. Recent work from my laboratory shows that cognitive maps — mental representations of the social world — shape our critical social skills. Social success depends not just on whom you know but also on how well you understand the invisible architecture of your social world. Mapping this is no small task, as social networks are large and dynamic. Yet building such cognitive maps offers great advantages. To better understand social navigation, my collaborator and I developed studies to investigate how people build cognitive maps. Across a year we tracked about 200 freshmen’s friendships and asked them to report their understanding of others’ connections. In one study, we discovered that those who rise to the top of the social structure aren’t the most charming or outgoing — they’re the best social mapmakers. The most influential people quickly build mental maps of their peers’ connection; those initially influential but without accurate mental maps of the network did not stay influential for long. In a second paper, we examined whether mapmaking aids gossiping — a behavior that, despite its poor reputation, can be an efficient way to quickly learn about the ins and outs of the community. To understand how humans pull off this remarkable task, we wondered whether mapmaking helps predict where information will spread. Mental maps become quite useful in this case, as they reveal two key network features: someone’s popularity and their distance from the gossip target. They help find a good friend — someone far enough from the target yet well-connected to spread information. How does the brain build these maps? In one of our recent studies, we discovered that the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex — a neural (神经的) center known for navigating physical space — also carries a map of connections among people. The more strongly these maps are embedded in the brain, the better we are at brokering community ties. If the brain needs to quickly figure out where gossip might spread, knowing where the popular people are positioned or the key relationships that bridge the otherwise disconnected communities allows us to chart the sequence of ties that can efficiently cross the network. Strategic wayfinding isn’t only for physical space. It is just as necessary to be able to effectively move through our social landscapes. Armed with a deliberately unclear map of their social community, skilled social navigators can do what no GPS can. They see the bridges before they’re built, avoid the storms of gossip, and map out a course to common ground. 1．As for his mother’s belief, the author is ________. A．disapproving B．supportive C．puzzled D．unconcerned 2．According to the passage, social cognitive maps can help ________. A．control the wide spread of gossip storms B．memorize others’ connections in social groups C．gain long-lasting social influence among peers D．choose well-connected people as gossip targets 3．What does the underlined word “brokering” in Paragraph 7 probably mean? A．Breaking. B．Managing. C．Experiencing. D．Recording. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．How to Interpret Social Skills B．Navigating Our Social Worlds C．What Lies Behind People’s Social Behaviors D．Brain Structures Shaping Social Relationships 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $