Unit 4 Sharing Review Useful Structures 课件-2025-2026学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册

该高中英语课件聚焦Unit 4 Sharing的“Discovering Useful Structures”，系统讲解名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词五种短语的定义、结构及句法功能，通过“短语定义→分类型解析→结构公式→功能示例”的递进脉络，搭建清晰的学习支架。 其亮点在于融合“前三后五”口诀、结构公式等记忆策略，结合课本例句与句子分析题，助力学生提升语言能力（准确识别短语成分）和思维品质（分析推断句法功能）。采用讲练结合的学科特色方法，学生能系统掌握语法知识，教师可高效开展结构化教学。

Discovering Useful Structures Unit 4 Sharing 什么是短语？ Phrases 短语 (Phrase)：一组有完整含义、无主谓结构、不能独立成句的单词组合。 ✅ 名词短语 NP ✅ 动词短语 VP ✅ 形容词短语 AdjP ✅ 副词短语 AdvP ✅ 介词短语 PrepP 名词短语 Noun Phrase (NP) 1. 定义 以名词为中心词，功能等同于名词，在句中可充当： 主语 宾语 表语 定语 同位语 宾补 状语 2. 完整结构（口诀：前三后五） （1）名词前：三层前置修饰（前三） 公式：限定词 + 形容词 + 描述性名词 + 中心名词 ① 限定词（必备，单数名词前必须加） 物主代词 (my/your/their) 冠词 (a/an/the) 指示代词 (this/that/these/those) 数词 不定代词 (some/all/many) ② 形容词：描绘名词特征（red, happy, small） ③ 描述性名词：名词作定语，表材料、用途、类别、时间 例：a paper cup（纸杯，材料）、a coffee cup（咖啡杯，用途） （2）名词后：五类后置修饰（后五，后置定语） 介词短语：the girl in the classroom 形容词短语：a man afraid of difficulty 非谓语动词：a cup standing upside down 定语从句：the water she needs 同位语：Tombe’s father, Mukap, led us... 3. 句法功能 作主语（句首，动作发出者） These red roses are for you. 作宾语（动词 / 介词后，动作承受者） I have three close friends. 作表语（系动词 am/is/are/ 感官动词后） He is my best friend. 作同位语（解释前面名词，用逗号隔开） Tombe’s father, Mukap, a man with a strong jaw, led us... 作定语（修饰另一个名词） two new family forms: the single parent family 作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语） We think it our duty to help them. （our duty 宾补） 作状语（表时间、地点） She nursed the child day and night. 写出短语中心词，并标注短语类型 a little boy those sweet sweets a round paper plate the man with a strong jaw three textbooks 1. 中心词：boy（NP） 2. 中心词：sweets（NP） 3. 中心词：plate（NP） 4. 中心词：man（NP） 5. 中心词：textbooks（NP） 找出名词短语，并标注成分 Little money is not enough for the trip. She bought a new kettle yesterday. The man with a wrinkled forehead is Tombe’s father. 1. Little money（NP，主语） 2. a new kettle（NP，宾语） 3. The man with a wrinkled forehead（NP，主语）；a wrinkled forehead（NP，介词宾语） 动词短语 Verb Phrase (VP) 1. 核心特征 中心词：实义动词 由动词 + 介词 / 副词 / 名词 构成，句子的谓语核心，绝大多数在句中充当谓语。 2. 常见结构 & 分类 动词 + 副词：show off, take off, drag out 动词 + 介词：look after, care about, depend on 动词 + 名词：make progress, take place 动词 + 不定式：want to do, regret doing 3. 课本例句 There's no need to show off.（炫耀）→ VP 谓语 My duty is to look after the animals.（照顾）→ VP 表语 We must work hard to make up for lost time.（弥补）→ VP 状语 She dragged herself out of the comfort zone.（拖；挣脱）→ VP 谓语 1. 定义 以形容词为中心词，功能等同于形容词，可作： 定语 状语 宾补 表语 五大常用结构 副词 + 形容词：extremely reasonable, very confusing 形容词 + 并列词 (and/but)：tall and strong, difficult but interesting 形容词 + 介词短语：afraid of difficulty, ready for class 形容词 + 不定式 (to do)：hard to heal, easy to learn 形容词 + enough（enough 后置，必考）：strong enough, good enough 判断短语结构并翻译 hard to heal _______________ afraid of cold _______________ big and bright _______________ careful enough _______________ 1. 难以愈合（形+不定式） 2. 怕冷（形+介词短语） 3. 又大又明亮（形+并列） 4. 足够细心（形+enough） 副词短语 Adverbial Phrases (AdvP) 1. 定义 以副词为中心词，句中只作状语，修饰：动词、形容词、其他副词、整个句子。 三大结构 副词 + 副词：clearly enough, very quickly 副词 + 介词短语：fast on his way home 副词 + 不定式：hard to move the box He didn’t do the work ______. A. good enough B. well enough C. enough well 2. She sings ______ beautifully. A. very B. much C. quite enough 介词短语 Prepositional Phrases (PrepP) 1. 定义 介词 + 宾语构成，功能强大，可作： 主语 定语 状语 宾补 同位语 表语 宾语 句子分析题（识别短语类型 + 成分） 要求：标出 NP/VP/AdjP/AdvP/PrepP，并写出在句中所作成分。 I’ve been dying to have some of my favourite sweets. The mixture was bubbling out of the test tube. Tombe’s father, a man with a strong jaw, led us to his house. He placed the hot stones in an empty oil drum. Later, I noticed a can standing upside down. My muscles were aching as we dragged ourselves down the mountain. It’s always nice to get mail. The wall was painted milky white. Afraid of difficulty, he gave up at last. We found ourselves in a bad situation. I’ve been dying to have some of my favourite sweets (NP, 宾语). have been dying (VP, 谓语) The mixture (NP, 主语); was bubbling (VP, 谓语); out of the test tube (PrepP, 地点状语) Tombe’s father (NP, 主语); a man with a strong jaw (NP, 同位语); with a strong jaw (PrepP, 定语); led (VP, 谓语); to his house (PrepP, 地点状语) the hot stones (NP, 宾语); in an empty oil drum (PrepP, 地点状语) Later (AdvP, 时间状语); a can (NP, 宾语); upside down (AdvP, 方式状语) My muscles (NP, 主语); were aching (VP, 谓语); dragged ourselves (VP, 从句谓语); down the mountain (PrepP, 地点状语) nice (AdjP, 表语); to get mail (VP, 真正主语) The wall (NP, 主语); milky white (AdjP, 主补) Afraid of difficulty (AdjP, 原因状语); gave up (VP, 谓语); at last (AdvP, 状语) ourselves (NP, 宾语); in a bad situation (PrepP, 宾补) Thanks $