Unit 3 Sea Exploration Review useful structures-Grammar--不定式(不定式专题复习） 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第四册

该高中英语课件聚焦不定式语法，从非谓语动词分类切入，系统梳理不定式的基本形式、时态语态及句法功能（主语、宾语等），通过基础练习与高考真题衔接，构建“概念-应用-迁移”的学习支架。 其亮点在于结合口诀巧记（如“前有do后无to”）、语境化练习（如《小美人鱼》选段填空）及高考真题链接，助力学生提升语言应用能力与思维辨析能力。教师可借助系统知识点与多样化练习，高效开展语法教学，学生能在实践中巩固不定式用法。

Unit 3 Sea Exploration Review useful structures the Infinitive Learning Objectives At the end of the class, you will be able to: summarize and apply the infinitives in specific context. reinforce the rules of infinitives through various exercises. use the infinitive verb correctly and appropriately. 非谓语动词 英语句子中不做谓语的动词简称为非谓语动词 to do 目的、将来 doing 主动、进行 done 被动、完成 不定式 一、不定式的基本形式 动词的不定式（to do）是动词的一种非谓语形式，在句中不能单独做谓语。动词不定式具有动词的性质，可以有自己的宾语和状语，从而构成不定式短语，有形式上的变化，即一般式、进行式、完成式和被动式。动词不定式也具有非动词的性质，相当于一个名词、形容词、或副词，可以在句中担任主语、宾语、宾补、表语、定语和状语。 基本形式： 否定形式： to do not to do 不定式 不定式的时态和语态 主动形式 被动形式 时间特征 一般式 不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生 to do to be done 例如： The manager hopes to promote one day. The manager deserves to be promoted for his work. 不定式的时态和语态 主动形式 被动形式 时间特征 进行式 / 不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生 to be doing 例如： Tom didn’t expect Alice to be waiting for him. Tom没想到Alice一直等他。 不定式的时态和语态 主动形式 被动形式 时间特征 完成式 不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前 to have been done to have done 例如： I admitted to have forgotten the appointment. The book is said to have been translated into English. 不定式的时态和语态 主动形式 被动形式 时间特征 完成进行式 / 表示动作是在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态之前一直在进行或有可能继续进行。 to have been doing 例如： The chairwoman is said to have been living in London for twenty years. 据说这位女董事长在伦敦已经住了 20 年。 总结---不定式的时态和语态 主动形式 被动形式 时间特征 一般式 不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生 进行式 / 不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生 完成式 不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前 完成进行式 / 表示动作是在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态之前一直在进行或有可能继续进行。 to do to be done to have been done to be doing to have done to have been doing 二、不定式的句法功能 句法功能 名称 主语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语 定语 状语 不定式 不定式的句法功能 √ √ √ √ √ √ 不定式的句法功能 主 宾 宾 补 表 定 状 （一）做主语 1. to do 作主语位于句首，在谓语之前 To do such thing is foolish. 2. 若不定式做主语较长，谓语太短时，常用it作形式主语而将不定式放到谓语后面 It takes sb. some time/money/courage... to do sth. It is + adj. + (for/of sb.)to do sth. It is + n. + (for sb.) to do sth. 不定式的句法功能 主 宾 宾 补 表 定 状 for: adj.多为描述不定式行为的特征,特点 （important/ necessary / interesting 等.） of : adj. 多为描述主语的品质（kind / nice / friendly / wise / foolish 等.） Practice: 1.It is important ______us to live a low-carbon life. 2.It was generous ______him to contribute so much . It is + adj. + (for/of sb.)to do sth. for of 不定式的句法功能 主 宾 宾 补 表 定 状 【应用实践】 ① Is it necessary (tell) his father everything? ② (keep) the river clean is very important. = It is very important (keep) the river clean. to tell To keep to keep 不定式的句法功能 宾 宾 补 表 定 状 主 （二）做宾语 1.主语 + 谓语 + to do sth. 常接不定式作宾语的有：begin, want, offer, decide, long, happen, arrange, learn, afford, pretend等。 例如： They decided to build a highway between the two cities. He began to feel tired after working for hours. 不定式作宾语 口诀巧记： 同意提出做计划， 要求答应来帮忙。 准备决定遭拒绝， 敢于选择有希望。 失败犹豫莫假装， 设法尝试承担起。 不定式的句法功能 宾 宾 补 表 定 状 主 （二）做宾语 2.动词不定式作宾语且后面有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语（动词不定式）放在后面。 think/ consider/ find it + adj./n.+ to do 例如： I find it fascinating to learn about the history of sea exploration. I think it necessary for us to have a good rest after the long work. 不定式的句法功能 宾 宾 补 表 定 状 主 （二）做宾语 3.动词不定式在介词but、except、besides后面时，如果这些介词前有实义动词do的各种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to. 例如： I have no choice but to accept the fact. She could do nothing but cry. 口诀巧记： 前有do后无to, 前无do后有to. 不定式的句法功能 宾 宾 补 表 定 状 主 （二）做宾语 4.有些动词之后接动词不定式和动词-ing形式意义差别较大。 stop to do sth 停止一件事去做另一件事 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事 remember to do sth 记得去做某事 remember doing sth 记得做过某事 forget to do sth 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 regret to do sth 遗憾地做了某事 regret doing sth 后悔做了某事 不定式的句法功能 宾 宾 补 表 定 状 主 （二）做宾语 5.动词短语中含有介词to，宾语要用动名词（v-ing）。 look forward to...期待，盼望…… object to...反对…… be devoted to...致力于…… be opposed to...反对…… adapt/adjust to...适应…… lead to...导致…… when it comes to... v-ing + 不定式的句法功能 宾 宾 补 表 定 状 主 【应用实践】 The event also encouraged her ____________ (found) the community. They offered_________(do) some voluntary work during the school holidays. The activity not only enabled us ________(learn) Chinese culture better but also promoted our friendship. Mrs. Green objected to___________(advertise) the product. When it comes to______________(play) badminton, her face is glowing with excitement. He made it a rule _________ (read) English every day. 【翻译】I regretted to tell you that you didn’t pass the driving test. to found to do to learn advertising playing to read 我很遗憾地告诉你，你没有通过驾驶考试。 不定式的句法功能 主 宾 宾 补 表 定 状 （三）做宾补 1.主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + to do 常见的有：动词allow, expect, advise, permit, tell, wish, forbid, persuade, invite, request, encourage, teach, inspire等。 例如： The teacher allowed the students to leave early. The doctor advised her not to eat too much sugar. 不定式的句法功能 主 宾 宾 补 表 定 状 （三）做宾补 2. “一感”：feel “二听”：hear, listen to “三使”：have, let, make “五看”：see, watch, notice, observe, look at “求帮助”：help 这些动词在主动语态中,其后的宾补的不定式不带to, 但是在被动语态中要补出省略的to. (let没有被动语态)。 Someone was heard to come up the stairs. I heard someone come up the stairs. 不定式的句法功能 主 宾 宾 补 表 定 状 （四）做表语 1.动词不定式作表语时，说明主语的具体内容或目的等，主语和表语可以互换。 My job is to help the patients. To help the patients is my job. 3.句中如果主语部分有实义动词do的各种形式，作表语的动词不定式实际上是do的引申，即表示do所做的内容，这时动词不定式可省略to. The least I can do is (to) write to you. 不定式的句法功能 主 宾 宾 补 表 定 状 【应用实践】 1.【翻译】我的理想是成为一名律师。 My ambition is to be a lawyer. 2.【翻译】这个问题有待解决。 The problem remains to be settled. 3.【同义句转换】 The first step is to check the victim’s breathing. To check the victim’s breathing is the first step. 不定式的句法功能 主 宾 宾 补 表 定 状 （五）做定语 1.不定式作定语要放在所修饰词的后面，不定式与它所修饰的名词之间构成逻辑上的主谓或者动宾关系； 不定式作定语可表示将来。 Please give me some water to drink. 2.如果不定式后面的动词为不及物动词，择其后应加上相应的介词。 There is nothing to worry about. I’ve got my wife and my son to look after. 不定式的句法功能 主 宾 宾 补 表 定 状 （五）做定语 3.如果不定式与其修饰的名词为逻辑上的动宾关系并与该句主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，则不定式用主动形式表被动意义。 We have a lot of work to do today. Hurry up! 4.time、way、right、chance、reason、effort、ambition、movement等名词后常跟动词不定式做定语。 It is already time to start making your learning plan. The company has several projects to complete this year. 不定式的句法功能 主 宾 宾 补 表 定 状 （五）做定语 5.序数词、形容词最高级或the only/the last/the next等后或被这些词修饰的名词。 Summer is the best season to go swimming. He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. Wany Yaping is the first Chinese woman to perform a spacewalk. 不定式的句法功能 主 宾 宾 补 表 定 状 【应用实践】 ① Is that the way (open) the can? ② On Sundays, he always has a lot of letters (write). ③ She was the only one (survive) the crash. She was so lucky. ④ His attempt (solve) the puzzle was unsuccessful, but he enjoyed the challenge. ⑤ The meeting (hold) tomorrow is very important. ⑥ Mr.Green stood up in defence of the boy, saying that he was not the one (blame). to open to write to survive to solve to be held to blame 不定式的句法功能 主 宾 宾 补 表 定 状 （六）做状语 1.做目的状语。 常用的结构： to do; in order to do; so as to (以便于) 注意：in order to可以放在句首也可以放在句中； so as to只能放在句中。 We turned the lights off in order not to/ so as not to waste electricity. 不定式的句法功能 主 宾 宾 补 表 定 状 （六）做状语 2.做原因状语： 一般用在be+ adj.后。 常跟在表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情的形容词(如：excited、sorry、glad、pleased等)之后。说明产生这种情绪的原因。 We were very excited to hear the news. We’re quite glad to meet you here. I am sorry to hear that your grandma is ill. 不定式的句法功能 主 宾 宾 补 表 定 状 （六）做状语 3.做结果状语 ：①so/such......to do ②enough to do ③too......to do太......而不能 ④only to do结果却...(表示出乎意料...) We are not so stupid to buy his words. He didn’t run fast enough to catch the train The tea is too hot to drink. He hurried to the school, only to find nobody there. 不定式的句法功能 主 宾 宾 补 表 定 状 【应用实践】 ① We worked hard (admit) into a key university. ② In order (finish) his work on time, he worked like crazy. =He worked like crazy in oreder (finish) his work on time. =He worked like crazy so as (finish) his work on time. ③ We hurried to the classroom only (find) nobody there. ④ He was astonished (hear) the terrible news. to be admitted to finish to finish to finish to find to hear 三、疑问词+动词不定式 疑问词+动词不定式 “疑问词(what/ how/ where/ when/ which) + 动词不定式” 结构可做主语、宾语、表语。 I don’t know what to do next. How to give advice in English is what I am trying to learn. The problem is where to find financial aid. 宾语 主语 表语 四、基础练习 To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilizations. The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation. Trading has grown greatly in recent years, and will continue to do so in years to come. Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east. Although the ancient sea routes of Zheng He have been travelled many times, there are still many other places left to explore. Here, merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals, which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures. subject predicative object object complement attributive adverbial Activity 1: Find all the infinitives in following sentences and mark their functions. Activity 2: Join the words to make sentences using infinitives. Then decide the function of each infinitive. EXAMPLE It is fun/visit an aquarium/in summer →It is fun to visit an aquarium in summer.（S） 1 He/encouraged me/participate in the surfing competition → 2 The storm/seems/be getting closer → 3 Magellan/was the first person/sail around the world → 4 The UN peacekeeping force/aims/maintain peace and prevent armed conflicts → He encouraged me to participate in the surfing competition.（OC） The storm seems to be getting closer.（P） Magellan was the first person to sail around the world.（Attr） The UN peacekeeping force aims to maintain peace and prevent armed conflicts.（O） Activity 2: Join the words to make sentences using infinitives. Then decide the function of each infinitive. EXAMPLE It is fun/visit an aquarium/in summer →It is fun to visit an aquarium in summer.（S） 5 The crowd/stood/applaud /scientists/for their important ocean research work → 6 It is a good idea/tax /plastic bottles/so that people use them less → 7 The Jiaolong manned submersible /is said/be able/reach 7 km underwater → 8 It remains/be seen/whether or not his capsule can work → The crowd stood to applaud scientists for their important ocean research work.（Ad） It is a good idea to tax plastic bottles so that people use them less.（S） The Jiaolong manned submersible is said to be able to reach 7 km underwater. （O；O） It remains to be seen whether or not his capsule can work.（P） Activity 3: Read the beginning of The Little Mermaid and use the proper forms of the verbs in brackets to fill in the blanks. What do you think happens next? Far out in the ocean，where the water is as clear as glass，lives the Sea King. The ocean is too deep 　　 　　（measure）. We may imagine there is nothing except yellow sand under the sea，but actually it is not rare （see）the most unique flowers and plants （dance）in the fast-moving water. In the deepest spot of all stands the Sea King’s castle，which has walls of coral and a roof （form）of beautiful shells. The mother of the king，a wise woman who is proud to measure 　 to see dancing formed （be）born into the royal family，takes care of his six daughters. Among the six sea-princesses， the youngest is the prettiest. Although she has delicate skin like a rose-leaf and eyes as blue as the deepest sea，she has no feet but a fish tail just like her sisters. The most common way for the princesses 　　　（play）all day long is 　　　　（swim） in the halls of the castle or among the flowers growing out of the walls，feeding and touching the fish 　　　　（ swim）up to their hands through the windows. They seem 　 　　（not worry） about anything，except for the youngest，who... to have been 　 to play swimming/to swim　 swimming not to worry 五、链接高考 1.（2021·全国乙卷）Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim __________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment. to have Use the proper forms of the verbs to fill in the blanks. 2.（2020·全国III卷）The next morning he hired a boat and set out __________ (find) the well-known painter. to find 3.（2020·北京卷）It takes them hundreds of years __________ (break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. to break Use the proper forms of the verbs to fill in the blanks. 4. （2023新高考I卷）To eat one, you have to decide whether __________ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 5. （2023新高考I卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them __________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents. 6. （2023全国甲卷）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) __ ____________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. to bite to be lifted to teach 7. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___________ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 8.（2022新高考II卷）He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ________ (see) them. 9. (2022全国乙) _____________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media… to increase to see Use the proper forms of the verbs to fill in the blanks. To strengthen THANKS FOR YOUR LISTENING! $