暑假作业11 阅读理解（七选五）（巩固培优）高二英语外研版

**基本信息** 聚焦七选五题型，通过篇章结构分析、信号词积累、逻辑连贯培养及瞻前顾后策略，构建系统性解题方法体系，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |方法指导|4点核心方法|篇章结构特点与干扰项分析、信号词归纳、句段逻辑训练、瞻前顾后策略|从宏观结构到微观逻辑，形成“结构-信号-逻辑-策略”递进链条| |典例训练|多主题语篇（环保、成功品质等）|应用方法体系解决不同语境逻辑连贯问题|覆盖高频考点，以题载法强化方法迁移能力|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 暑假作业11 阅读理解（七选五） 1. 了解篇章的结构特点以及干扰项的特点 (1)通常说明文第一段会交代说明对象,中间几段常用并列或递进的方式围绕说明对象展开说明,最后一段是总结。其段落写作方式是段落首句为主题句,尾句为总结句,中间分别是解释说明、举例论证、数据论证等。了解文章的写作方式可以帮助学生从命题者视角审题,进而答题更快、更准。 (2)干扰项通常具有以下特点:主旨概括句常过于宽泛、以偏概全或偏离主题;过渡句不能反映文章的行文结构;注释性细节句与语境脱节,虽用了与前后句相同的关键词,表述内容却偏离主题。 2. 积累信号词,培养举一反三的能力 学生阅读文章时要归纳文中使上下文逻辑连贯的词汇 3. 培养句间、段间逻辑连贯的意识和能力 学生可以将一篇文章以句子为单位打乱顺序并还原。在这个过程中,学生要关注到 句间和段间的逻辑关系,这样逻辑连贯意识和能力可得到培养和提升。 4. 运用瞻前顾后、牢记主旨的策略 (1)设空处前和设空处后的2—3个句子都要读到,与选项比对核心词、比对句子结构。 (2)有时某个选项句子放进空格,前后是说得通的,却和全文的主旨相悖,是要排除的干扰项。 （1） （24-25高二下·安徽合肥·期末）Every spring, hundreds of thousands of birds leave their winter habitat on Lake Poyang in China, and fly north to reach their breeding grounds (繁殖地) in Siberia. 1 Grass-eating birds, like geese, follow fresh, green grass that appears as the season unfolds and the geese move northwards. The period when the young, spring grass is at its most nutritious can last as short as three weeks. 2 Geese can only eat when they arrive in the right place at the right time, but climate change has disturbed when and how long this seasonal food source is available. If birds cannot refuel their energy stores during the long-distance journey, they’ ll risk their ability to breed successfully when they reach their destination. Fortunately, researchers discovered other food sources on their journey. These birds stopped over in the Northeast China Plain before heading to Siberia. Vast wetlands were once common here, preparing them for the rest of their journey. Nowadays, the loss of wetlands has expanded and most have been used to grow rice, corn and soybeans. 3 In the Northeast China Plain, these birds eat seeds left over after harvesting. Farmland seeds will become more important as natural habitats decline. Mechanized (机械化的) harvests, which tend to leave more seeds in the field, could provide more food for birds. 4 Then the birds can take advantage of both wetland and farmland ecosystems, ensuring their survival. If healthy wetlands accompany farmland, birds can eat wild plants when farmers sow their crops. 5 Seeing birds as part of the landscape and not as intruders (入侵者) on farmland, can help preserve this biodiversity on the wing. A．Birds can still find enough food. B．But the protection of wetlands remains crucial. C．Some birds can stay over a month in this area. D．This will reduce their impact on crop production. E．Such a fine-tuned strategy can become a disadvantage. F．This forced the birds to use agricultural land as a source of food. G．These birds must make use of food that is only available seasonally. （2） （24-25高二下·安徽合肥·期末）Some people succeed, while others do not. This is because some people possess certain qualities that others do not have. The first thing you must remember is that in order to succeed, it is almost necessary that you should be optimistic(乐观). 1 , otherwise you are not very likely to win, or even to try. 2 . Most successful people are not as traditional as the people around them. Where others see failure, they see possibility. Where others see a challenge, they see a chance. 3 . They are more than just optimistic-they see the world in a different way than others do, and do things in a different way. To become successful, you may find it important to read about successful people, to see how they have achieved success. 4 . While everyone's path to success is different, many39successful people do have the same drive and the same qualities. Practicing is just as important if you want to succeed, because practice makes perfect. 5 , and by doing so, you will see yourself and your business begin to grow. This will also help you feel confident about what you do, and make other people believe in you as well. Your co-workers will be happy to work with you, and your boss will give you more responsibility. Finally, to become a successful person, you need to be able to look people in the eye and be honest. A．Where others see opportunity, they see danger B．Where others see a closed door, they see an open window C．Practice every day at whatever career you are in D．You must have faith in yourself and in your ability to succeed E．Learning from people like him can give you a shortcut to success F．Another quality that helps people succeed is the ability to think differently G．Their stories will encourage and inspire you as you work towards success （3） （24-25高二下·陕西西安·期末）As environmental concerns grow, having an environmentally friendly home is becoming increasingly important to many people. 1 ? Here are some practical steps you can take. Replace old equipment Older equipment tends to consume more energy than newer models. Any equipment will get older. 2 . High-efficiency equipment can significantly impact energy usage and, during a remodel, may provide extra space since their sizes are getting smaller and smaller. Fix energy-efficient windows 3 . However, if you have single-pane (单层玻璃) windows or if there are noticeable signs of damage, fixing energy-efficient windows can save you money in the long run. The most energy-efficient windows feature double or more panes of glass with inert (惰性的) gas between the panes. 4 About half of a home’s total energy usage goes toward heating and cooling. Fixing a smart thermostat can help you adjust the times you have your heating or cooling running according to a pre-set schedule, which can help you cut energy bills. According to a study, a smart thermostat can reduce your heating and cooling bills by up to 8%. Switch to solar energy Solar technology generates electricity from sunlight without producing pollution or greenhouse gases, helping homeowners save on the costs of water and electricity. You can fix solar panels on your roof. One benefit you can get is to make the solar panels perfectly integrate with your home. 5 . This is a great way to benefit both yourself and the environment. A．Consider smart home climate control B．Reduce household energy consumption C．Replacing windows can be quite expensive D．The best way is to replace them before they fail E．And the other is to reduce your daily energy usage F．Do you want to make your own home more eco-friendly G．Have you created an eco-friendly home to make you suitable （1） （24-25高二下·陕西西安·期末）In modern society, many retired people are lonely and lack life purpose while many young people have their own problems. 1 Or they may wish to live independently but be unable to pay the high rents in their area. 2 It involves bringing older and younger people together to support each other. After all, old people represent a huge unused resource: they include retired engineers, doctors, teachers and business people with years of experience. 3 In some projects, retired people help out in primary schools, to hear children read and offer them individual support. Similar projects are run in secondary schools and even universities. Other projects involve sending children and teenagers into old people’s homes on a regular basis to teach them “digital skills”, to entertain them or simply befriend them and listen to their stories and advice. 4 The students can either live rent-free in exchange for household chores (家务杂活) and support for the homeowner, or they can pay a reduced rent in exchange for chatting with the older person regularly and keeping an eye on their health and well-being. Intergenerational volunteering projects have had a truly significant impact on both sides. By bringing together people of different generations and socioeconomic backgrounds, they have built trust, respect and friendship. 5 A．These are important for the structure of society. B．Studies have shown that retired people can still contribute to society. C．Intergenerational volunteering can provide a solution to these problems. D．Volunteering may even help young people discover a new interest or passion for life. E．They may face the challenge of finding a job without work experience or practical skills. F．Elsewhere, there are projects that match university students with wealthy elderly people who have spare rooms. G．Young people, too, have valuable skills to share, most obviously their up-to-date knowledge of technology. （2） （重庆实验外国语学校2024-2025学年高二下学期期末模拟英语试题）Every living thing depends on the ocean. So when we hear the ocean is in trouble from the effects of overfishing, climate change, and pollution, it’s easy to feel powerless. 1 But there are plenty of action s you can take that will make a big difference for the ocean. 2 The more you learn about the ocean, the better prepared you’ll be to inspire change and help others do the same. Thankfully, there are many ways to educate yourself about the ocean and the challenges it faces, from books and documentaries to websites, museums, art exhibits, and more. Check the label Help keep fisheries healthy by choosing sustainable seafood when you grocery shop or dine out. 3 Look for the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) and Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) labels. Their blue and green fish logos (标识) on your seafood ensure your fish can be traced back to sustainably-managed fisheries and farms. Reduce your carbon emissions 4 Decrease the effects of climate change on the ocean by cutting your carbon footprint at home: turn off lights when you’re not using them, walk or ride your bike to work, and demand renewable energy options in your community. Travel smarter Consider booking your next trip through a responsible travel company that’s committed to protecting wildlife and using guides who are aware of rules and best practices. Once you arrive at your destination, be respectful of marine life and habitats. And be careful about your purchases. 5 A．Increase your ocean IQ. B．Skip the single-use plastics. C．What should be done to travel responsibly? D．What’s the easiest way to make sure your seafood is sustainable? E．Many of these issues will require leadership from governments and businesses. F．In the last decades, the ocean has absorbed 90% of the extra heat created by burning fossil fuels. G．Purchasing items like shark products damages delicate ecosystems and threatens endangered species. （3） （24-25高二下·陕西西安·期末） Building Trust in a Relationship Again Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 1 Trust is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake. Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore. 2 It’s understandable, but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there. ● 3 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well­being. ● 4 If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust tested or violated. ●You didn’t lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 5 Instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness. A．Learn to really trust yourself. B．It is putting confidence in someone. C．Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D．Remember that you can expect the best in return. E．They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again. F．This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. G．Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened. （4） （24-25高二下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）FOMO stands for “fear of missing out”. It refers to the nervous or anxious feeling people get when they realize they are not attending a social event either because they weren’t invited or they just didn’t feel like going. 1 This belief, in turn, can create anxiety and a sense of inferiority (自卑). FOMObothers most teens, especially if they’ re often online. One way for teens to deal with FOMO is to practice what is known as reframing (重塑) thinking. 2 Here are some tips on how teens can start to reframe their thinking. Track negative thoughts and replace them with reasonable ones. One thing teens can do to deal with FOMO is to track their negative thoughts and feelings in a journal. 3 Then, they can change their thoughts and replace the negative thoughts with something positive. 4 Encourage teens to recognize that they have limited time and cannot possibly be everywhere and do everything. So, naturally, there will be social events that they cannot attend. But this does not mean that they’ re necessarily missing out on something. Turn off the technology and do something else. Turning off the technology seems like a natural cure for FOMO. But just switching the phone off doesn’t erase the feelings that FOMO causes. 5 The key is to do something else entirely like reading a book or baking cookies — anything that allows them to focus on something other than social media. A．Be realistic about availability. B．There are some negative consequences of FOMO. C．Realize that no one lives a perfect life as described in social media. D．It’s a mental exercise designed to help them look at situations differently. E．In general, FOMO causes people to assume that they have a low social rank. F．Teens may still worry about missing out even if they’ re not in social media at all. G．This allows them to observe how often they’ re feeling negative about themselves. （5） （24-25高二下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）Flying a kite has been a windy day pastime. 1 Here are the basic steps for how to launch your kite with minimum stress and more enjoyment! To launch a kite into the air, the force of the initial lift must be greater than the kite’s weight. Once it’s in the air, you have to keep the forces in balance so your kite continues to fly smoothly. 2 Also, thrust (猛推) by the wind must be equal to drag, the kite’s resistance to movement through the air. A good rule is to start your flight with the wind at your back. That way, when you let go of your kite, you can keep an eye on it as it rises in front of you. 3 Avoid going out in stormy weather too, in case of lightning strikes. If your kite has tails, pay attention to what direction they are blowing, because they’re an indicator of wind direction. The beach is always a good option when choosing a location for flying a kite, because it usually has a strong offshore wind. Hold the kite in your non-dominant hand and the spool (线轴) in the other. You’ll notice that the kite is already picking up the wind. 4 When you feel the kite pulling away from you as it catches an updraft (上升气流), let your string spool out a bit. 5 Have the friend hold the kite and spool out string for several feet, making sure it’s straight. As you hold on to the spool, tell your friend to throw the kite straight up in the air. If there’s enough wind, the kite will take flight. Make sure you pull the line as your friend lets go. A．Then pull the kite up to catch the wind. B．You can team up to give your kite a boost. C．Flying near trees and power lines is a bad idea. D．That means lift must equal the weight of the kite. E．If you can balance these forces, your kite will rise. F．Now let go of the kite and grasp the spool with both hands. G．You would feel delighted to see your own flying kites to the sky. （1） （23-24高二下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. 1 When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. 2 Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. 3 The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes. Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. 4 Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result? Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates. 5 Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission. What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower. A．Higher education has achieved its true potential. B．Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion. C．Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor. D．However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching. E．Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged. F．They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities. G．In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors. （2） （23-24高二下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）Boundaries are personal guidelines that define what is and is not okay in your interpersonal relationships. As everyone has different needs and comfort levels, they may appear different for each person. Establishing healthy boundaries may provide such benefits, as avoiding burnout, boosting self-esteem and maintaining personal space. Once you’ve set your boundaries, it’s crucial to review them on a regular basis to remain relevant to your life circumstances. 1 However, the question arises: how can you establish these boundaries in a healthy way? 2 The way you set them reflects your attitude to taking responsibility in life. Taking the time to think about your wants and needs in different situations will help you understand how your values influence boundary-setting. Once you have made the list of your values, needs, and wants, you should use knowledge to establish clear boundaries that respect yourself and those around you. Also, when you have identified your boundaries, it is important to communicate them effectively. 3 Express your ideas in an open and straightforward manner and speak up for yourself so that others can hear, understand and respect your needs. If tensions arise during a conversation about setting boundaries, you’d better take a step back. Before restarting the conversation, allow yourself or the other person to cool down. 4 In addition to the points mentioned above, learning how to say “no” is essential. Saying “yes” to everything can result in stress, burnout, and frustration. Furthermore, it’s vital to evaluate what is acceptable and unacceptable. 5 If the situation persists, remove yourself from it respectfully. You deserve more than surrounding yourself with people who don’t value your values. A．Initially, identify your personal boundaries. B．Honesty and respect play an essential key role in the process. C．When you feel that someone has crossed your boundaries, remind them. D．Consequently, setting healthy boundaries is essential in social interactions. E．This contributes to finding possible solutions to issues regarding boundary-setting. F．Pick up the conversation unless there appears another argument needed to be settled. G．Keeping saying “no” to things you disapprove of helps to understand yourself better. （3） （23-24高二下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）Writing a poem is about observing the world within or around you. 1 , from love to loss to the gate at the old farm. Writing poetry seems difficult. However, with the right approach, you can write a poem that you can be proud to share with others. Pick a specific theme or idea. This can make it easier for you to narrow down what images and descriptions you are going to use in your poem. For example, you may decide to write a poem around the theme of love and friendship. 2 . Avoid cliché(陈词滥调). Your poetry will be much stronger if you avoid cliches, which are phrases that have become so familiar that they have lost their meaning. 3 . By doing so, your reader is surprised and attracted by your writing. If you feel a certain phrase or image is too familiar to your reader, replace it with a more unique one. 4 . Poetry is made to be read out loud. So you should write your poem with a focus on how it sounds on the page. Pay attention to the structure of your poem and your word choice. Notice how each line of your poem flows into one another and how placing one word next to another creates a certain sound. Get feedback(反馈) from others. You can also share your poem with other poets to get feedback from them and improve your poem. 5 , where you discuss your poems with other poets and work on your poetry together. Or you may take a poetry writing class, where you work with an instructor and other poets to improve your writing. A．Write for the ear B．Do writing exercises C．A poem can be about anything D．You may join a poetry writing group E．Go for creative descriptions and images in your poem F．Strong emotional moments make for beautiful and interesting poems G．Then you may think about the moments where you experienced them （4） （24-25高二下·吉林长春·期末） How to Choose Your Purpose-Filled Career When you think about choosing a career, you often do it in the following two ways. Think about what you like to do. If you like writing or doing crafts, you might consider these things. This is not a bad way to go, of course, but you can’t always make money doing things you like (like video games or drinking beer). 1 Think about a well-paid job that you can do and doesn’t sound so bad. 2 Or maybe that’s out of your educational reach, so you choose office or retail worker. These are all great choices. But often they are not something you’re really passionate about. It’s kind of like just doing something because it’s there——not very inspired. 3 Try to do something to serve a community or make the world better. For example, taking care of children, because you really want to help children get a great start in life, or blossom into who they want to be or getting into government or social work to improve the conditions of the community you live in or becoming a scientist to help ease the environmental crisis or find a cure for a terrible disease. 4 And if you choose one of them for that purpose, you will serve in that work feeling a sense of purpose each day. 5 The point isn’t how you serve the world, but just serving the world in some way will help you feel filled with purpose. If you choose a purposeful and enjoyable job, you’re always further along than most people. A．There are endless ways to do that. B．Maybe a doctor, engineer or lawyer? C．However, there’s another way that is perhaps better. D．You are dreaming of a well-paid job which you like best. E．It’s essential not to concentrate on interests and good payment. F．Each of these is just one of many possibilities filled with purpose. G．And sometimes things you like are better as a hobby or side passion. （5） （24-25高二下·吉林长春·期末） How to Avoid Meaningless Social Interactions In today’s world, we often find ourselves trapped in tiring social circles that are using up our energy. Learning to identify and avoid meaningless interactions is crucial for mental well-being. Here are some practical strategies. 1 Before attending any social event, ask yourself: “Does this agree with my values?” or “Will this help me grow?” If you’re attending just out of obligation (义务), it’s likely an unworthy commitment. Psychologists suggest that 70% of social tiredness comes from activities we didn’t genuinely want to join. Quality Over Quantity. Having hundreds of so-called friends doesn’t equal true connection. 2 A Cambridge University study shows that people with 3-5 deep friendships report higher life satisfaction than those with dozens of so- called ones. Invest time in relationships that inspire growth each other. Master the Art of saying No. The fear of missing out often pushes us into unwanted gatherings. 3 Politely declining invitations with simple statements like “I have other priorities” is perfectly acceptable. Remember, every “yes” to others is a “no” to yourself. Digital Detoxification (数字排毒). Social media creates fantasy of obligation. 4 Schedule specific time to check messages instead of responding immediately. Research indicates that limiting social media use to 30 minutes daily significantly reduces anxiety. Embrace Staying alone. 5 Regular staying alone allows for self-reflection and recharging. Historical figures like Newton and Kefka produced their best work during periods of being alone. Start with short walks or coffee breaks alone to rediscover the joy of your own company. A．Being alone doesn’t mean being lonely. B．Practice setting boundaries without guilt. C．Prioritize activities that bring personal fulfillment. D．Evaluate the purpose of social engagement s beforehand. E．Stop following accounts that cause negative comparisons. F．Instead, focus on developing a few meaningful relationships. G．Many online interactions are performative rather than genuine. （6） （24-25高二下·吉林·期末）Living with a roommate can be a mixed blessing. 1 . On the other, it has its fair share of difficulties, especially when living with someone quite unlike you Differences in personality, habits and backgrounds often lead to conflicts. However, with the right strategies, you can create a harmonious living environment. 2 . When you truly know your roommate, you can be more flexible to meet their needs, and they’ll do the same for you. This mutual (相互的) understanding also builds comfort, enabling open and honest communication between you two. Secondly, creating rules and guidelines together is an essential part of that communication. 3 . They let each person clarify what matters most to them. Even though you won’t always see eye to eye on every matter, this environment opens the door to healthy negotiation. Thirdly, sharing the load around the house is indeed a fundamental aspect of harmonious living. 4 , they may feel overburdened. However, when everyone takes turns to clean the bathroom or take out the garbage, it makes life easier for everyone. This shared effort also develops a see of cooperation Finally, respecting each other is crucial for maintaining a peaceful coexistence. If you have a roommate who values their privacy and keeps their room organized in a certain way, avoid walking into their room without permission 5 . This shows respect for their boundaries and helps build a stronger bond between roommates. A．On one hand, it brings many benefits B．These jointly-made rules play significant roles C．When you put yourself in your roommate’s shoes D．Firstly, getting to know your roommate is crucial E．Don’t move or use their personal items without asking F．You grew up in different houses and are used to different things G．If one person is always responsible for cleaning the common areas （7） （24-25高二下·吉林·期末）Nowadays, being mentally strong is as important as being physically energetic. This guide outlines practical strategies to develop inner strength, enabling you to become a purposeful and empathetic (有同理心的) individual. Stick to integrity. Integrity forms the foundation of strong character. 1 This way, you can stay faithful to your core values. For instance, if integrity matters to you, resist the temptation to cheat during exams despite peer influence. Consistency between principles and behavior promotes self-respect and stability. 2 Embrace strategic risks rather than make impulsive (冲动的) decisions. Suppose you’ve dreamed of starting your own photography business. It probably doesn’t make sense to suddenly quit your job and depend on a brand new business. Don’t dive headfirst into something before weighing the risks and the benefits. Try booking photography jobs on the weekend first. Practice empathy and gratitude. Put yourself in someone else’s shoes. 3 When a roommate struggles with homesickness, reflect: “How would I feel in their position?” Gratitude naturally accompanies empathy. Don’t hesitate to acknowledge others’ kindness. For example, “I really appreciate that you brought me some chicken soup when I was sick.” What’s more, maintaining a gratitude diary can enhance emotional awareness and strengthen relationships. 4 Take on leadership roles. You can build your character by taking on more responsibility. It will help expand your knowledge and give you a new perspective. Begin with self-reflection: examine how you currently communicate. 5 On the contrary, actively listen and thoughtfully respond if you are typically vocal. Being open-minded allows you to gain new knowledge and perspective. Make sure that you actively communicate with your team, and value everyone’s contributions. Good leaders know that empowering others is a great way to uplift everyone. Building your character is a lifelong journey. Commit to the principles above, and watch your influence — and inner peace — flourish. A．Take calculated risks. B．Avoid any risk to stay safe. C．Match your actions with your words. D．Good communication skills can set you apart. E．You can write down things you’re thankful for each day. F．You can strengthen your character by attempting to relate to others. G．If you are typically afraid to speak out, try to let your voice be heard. 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 暑假作业11 阅读理解（七选五） 1. 了解篇章的结构特点以及干扰项的特点 (1)通常说明文第一段会交代说明对象,中间几段常用并列或递进的方式围绕说明对象展开说明,最后一段是总结。其段落写作方式是段落首句为主题句,尾句为总结句,中间分别是解释说明、举例论证、数据论证等。了解文章的写作方式可以帮助学生从命题者视角审题,进而答题更快、更准。 (2)干扰项通常具有以下特点:主旨概括句常过于宽泛、以偏概全或偏离主题;过渡句不能反映文章的行文结构;注释性细节句与语境脱节,虽用了与前后句相同的关键词,表述内容却偏离主题。 2. 积累信号词,培养举一反三的能力 学生阅读文章时要归纳文中使上下文逻辑连贯的词汇 3. 培养句间、段间逻辑连贯的意识和能力 学生可以将一篇文章以句子为单位打乱顺序并还原。在这个过程中,学生要关注到 句间和段间的逻辑关系,这样逻辑连贯意识和能力可得到培养和提升。 4. 运用瞻前顾后、牢记主旨的策略 (1)设空处前和设空处后的2—3个句子都要读到,与选项比对核心词、比对句子结构。 (2)有时某个选项句子放进空格,前后是说得通的,却和全文的主旨相悖,是要排除的干扰项。 （1） （24-25高二下·安徽合肥·期末）Every spring, hundreds of thousands of birds leave their winter habitat on Lake Poyang in China, and fly north to reach their breeding grounds (繁殖地) in Siberia. 1 Grass-eating birds, like geese, follow fresh, green grass that appears as the season unfolds and the geese move northwards. The period when the young, spring grass is at its most nutritious can last as short as three weeks. 2 Geese can only eat when they arrive in the right place at the right time, but climate change has disturbed when and how long this seasonal food source is available. If birds cannot refuel their energy stores during the long-distance journey, they’ ll risk their ability to breed successfully when they reach their destination. Fortunately, researchers discovered other food sources on their journey. These birds stopped over in the Northeast China Plain before heading to Siberia. Vast wetlands were once common here, preparing them for the rest of their journey. Nowadays, the loss of wetlands has expanded and most have been used to grow rice, corn and soybeans. 3 In the Northeast China Plain, these birds eat seeds left over after harvesting. Farmland seeds will become more important as natural habitats decline. Mechanized (机械化的) harvests, which tend to leave more seeds in the field, could provide more food for birds. 4 Then the birds can take advantage of both wetland and farmland ecosystems, ensuring their survival. If healthy wetlands accompany farmland, birds can eat wild plants when farmers sow their crops. 5 Seeing birds as part of the landscape and not as intruders (入侵者) on farmland, can help preserve this biodiversity on the wing. A．Birds can still find enough food. B．But the protection of wetlands remains crucial. C．Some birds can stay over a month in this area. D．This will reduce their impact on crop production. E．Such a fine-tuned strategy can become a disadvantage. F．This forced the birds to use agricultural land as a source of food. G．These birds must make use of food that is only available seasonally. 【答案】1．G 2．E 3．F 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨春季候鸟从鄱阳湖迁徙至西伯利亚时依赖季节性嫩草，但气候变化与湿地减少迫使它们转向农田觅食。研究表明，若保护湿地并利用农田种子，可实现鸟类与农业的和谐共生，保障生物多样性。 【详解】1．后文“Grass-eating birds, like geese, follow fresh, green grass that appears as the season unfolds and the geese move northwards. The period when the young, spring grass is at its most nutritious can last as short as three weeks. (像鹅这样的食草鸟类，随着季节的到来，跟随新鲜的绿草向北移动。春天嫩草最有营养的时期可能只有短短三周)”提到草食性鸟类如鹅会追随春季的嫩草，且嫩草营养期短至三周，这表明这些鸟类要利用季节性的食物，G选项“These birds must make use of food that is only available seasonally.(这些鸟必须以季节性的食物为食)” 符合语境，引出下文对鸟类依赖季节性食物的描述。故选G。 2．前文说鹅必须在合适的时间到达合适的地点才能吃到草，后文“Geese can only eat when they arrive in the right place at the right time, but climate change has disturbed when and how long this seasonal food source is available. (鹅只有在正确的时间到达正确的地点才能进食，但气候变化扰乱了这种季节性食物来源的时间和持续时间)”指出气候变化干扰了这种季节性食物的供应时间和时长，说明原本依赖特定时间和地点获取食物的策略因气候变化出现问题，E选项“Such a fine-tuned strategy can become a disadvantage.(这种微调策略可能会成为劣势)”中such a fine-tuned strategy指代前文鹅获取食物的策略，become a disadvantage与后文气候变化带来的干扰相呼应。故选E。 3．前文“These birds stopped over in the Northeast China Plain before heading to Siberia. Vast wetlands were once common here, preparing them for the rest of their journey. Nowadays, the loss of wetlands has expanded and most have been used to grow rice, corn and soybeans. (这些鸟在飞往西伯利亚之前在中国东北平原停留。这里曾经是大片的湿地，为它们接下来的旅程做好了准备。如今，湿地的损失已经扩大，大部分被用来种植水稻、玉米和大豆)”提到东北地区湿地减少，大部分被用于种植农作物，空处需说明这一变化对鸟类的影响，F选项“This forced the birds to use agricultural land as a source of food.(这迫使鸟类使用农田作为食物来源)”直接承接湿地消失变为农田的内容，解释了鸟类食物来源的转变，其中This指代湿地减少这一情况，符合语境。故选F。 4．前文“Mechanized (机械化的) harvests, which tend to leave more seeds in the field, could provide more food for birds. (机械化收割往往会在田地里留下更多的种子，可以为鸟类提供更多的食物)”提到机械化收获能为鸟类提供更多食物，后文“Then the birds can take advantage of both wetland and farmland ecosystems, ensuring their survival. (这样鸟类就可以利用湿地和农田生态系统，确保它们的生存)”说明保护湿地和农田生态系统对鸟类生存的重要性，空处需要强调湿地保护的重要性，以平衡农田的作用，B 选项“But the protection of wetlands remains crucial.(但是保护湿地仍然是至关重要的)”起到承上启下的作用。故选B。 5．前文“If healthy wetlands accompany farmland, birds can eat wild plants when farmers sow their crops. (如果健康的湿地与农田相伴，鸟类可以在农民播种时吃野生植物)”说如果湿地与农田并存的情况，空处需说明这种情况的好处，D选项“This will reduce their impact on crop production.(这将减少它们对作物生产的影响)” 中This指代前文鸟类吃野生植物的情况，解释了鸟类食用野生植物而非农作物的积极结果，符合逻辑。故选D。 （2） （24-25高二下·安徽合肥·期末）Some people succeed, while others do not. This is because some people possess certain qualities that others do not have. The first thing you must remember is that in order to succeed, it is almost necessary that you should be optimistic(乐观). 1 , otherwise you are not very likely to win, or even to try. 2 . Most successful people are not as traditional as the people around them. Where others see failure, they see possibility. Where others see a challenge, they see a chance. 3 . They are more than just optimistic-they see the world in a different way than others do, and do things in a different way. To become successful, you may find it important to read about successful people, to see how they have achieved success. 4 . While everyone's path to success is different, many39successful people do have the same drive and the same qualities. Practicing is just as important if you want to succeed, because practice makes perfect. 5 , and by doing so, you will see yourself and your business begin to grow. This will also help you feel confident about what you do, and make other people believe in you as well. Your co-workers will be happy to work with you, and your boss will give you more responsibility. Finally, to become a successful person, you need to be able to look people in the eye and be honest. A．Where others see opportunity, they see danger B．Where others see a closed door, they see an open window C．Practice every day at whatever career you are in D．You must have faith in yourself and in your ability to succeed E．Learning from people like him can give you a shortcut to success F．Another quality that helps people succeed is the ability to think differently G．Their stories will encourage and inspire you as you work towards success 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．B 4．G 5．C 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有助成功的几个优良品质。 1．上文“The first thing you must remember is that in order to succeed, it is almost necessary that you should be optimistic.(你必须记住的第一件事是，为了成功，你几乎必须乐观)”说明对成功要持乐观态度，选项D“你必须对自己和成功的能力有信心”承接上文，进一步说明为了成功，要有自信。选项中have faith和上文optimistic意义一致。故选D项。 2．下文“Most successful people are not as traditional as the people around them.(大多数成功人士都不像他们周围的人那么传统。)”说明大多数成功人士与众不同，选项F“有助人们成功的另一个品质是有不同的思考能力”引领本段，说明成功人士的一个优良品质是有不同的思考能力。选项中differently和下文中not traditional语义相关。故选F项。 3．上文“Where others see a challenge, they see a chance.(在别人眼里是挑战的地方，他们却看到了机会。)”说明成功人士把挑战看成机会，选项B“别人看到关着的门，他们看到的是开着的窗”用比喻的修辞说明成功人士把困难看成是机会，上下文句式和语义一致，逻辑合理。故选B项。 4．上文“To become successful, you may find it important to read about successful people, to see how they have achieved success.(要想成功，你可能会发现阅读有关成功人士的文章很重要，看看他们是如何取得成功的。)”说明要想成功，需要学习成功人士的经验，选项G“他们的故事将在你走向成功的过程中鼓励和激励你”承接上文，说明成功人士的故事有助于你走向成功。选项中Their stories指上文中“成功人士的经验”，上下文逻辑合理。故选G项。 5．上文“Practicing is just as important if you want to succeed, because practice makes perfect.(如果你想成功，练习也很重要，因为熟能生巧。)”说明练习的重要性，选项C“无论你从事什么职业，每天都要练习”承接上文，继续说明练习的重要性。选项中Practice和上文中practice词汇重叠，语义一致。故选C项。 （3） （24-25高二下·陕西西安·期末）As environmental concerns grow, having an environmentally friendly home is becoming increasingly important to many people. 1 ? Here are some practical steps you can take. Replace old equipment Older equipment tends to consume more energy than newer models. Any equipment will get older. 2 . High-efficiency equipment can significantly impact energy usage and, during a remodel, may provide extra space since their sizes are getting smaller and smaller. Fix energy-efficient windows 3 . However, if you have single-pane (单层玻璃) windows or if there are noticeable signs of damage, fixing energy-efficient windows can save you money in the long run. The most energy-efficient windows feature double or more panes of glass with inert (惰性的) gas between the panes. 4 About half of a home’s total energy usage goes toward heating and cooling. Fixing a smart thermostat can help you adjust the times you have your heating or cooling running according to a pre-set schedule, which can help you cut energy bills. According to a study, a smart thermostat can reduce your heating and cooling bills by up to 8%. Switch to solar energy Solar technology generates electricity from sunlight without producing pollution or greenhouse gases, helping homeowners save on the costs of water and electricity. You can fix solar panels on your roof. One benefit you can get is to make the solar panels perfectly integrate with your home. 5 . This is a great way to benefit both yourself and the environment. A．Consider smart home climate control B．Reduce household energy consumption C．Replacing windows can be quite expensive D．The best way is to replace them before they fail E．And the other is to reduce your daily energy usage F．Do you want to make your own home more eco-friendly G．Have you created an eco-friendly home to make you suitable 【答案】1．F 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了让家居更环保的一些实用步骤。 1．根据空后“Here are some practical steps you can take.(这里有一些你可以采取的实际步骤)”以及空后的标点符号为问号可知，此空应是引出如何让家居更环保的问题。F选项“Do you want to make your own home more eco-friendly (你想让自己的家更环保吗)”以疑问句形式引出下文的环保步骤，符合语境。故选F项。 2．根据空前“Older equipment tends to consume more energy than newer models. Any equipment will get older.(旧设备往往比新型号消耗更多能源。任何设备都会老化)”及空后“High-efficiency equipment can significantly impact energy usage and, during a remodel, may provide extra space since their sizes are getting smaller and smaller. (高效设备可显著影响能源使用，并且在翻新过程中可能提供额外空间，因为其尺寸正变得越来越小)”可知，此处讲述的是旧设备的缺点以及高效设备的优点，由此可推断，此空应讲述更换旧设备的内容。D选项“The best way is to replace them before they fail (最好的方法是在它们损坏之前更换它们)”中的replace them与上下文的设备更换话题一致，符合语境。故选D项。 3．根据空后“However, if you have single-pane windows or if there are noticeable signs of damage, fixing energy-efficient windows can save you money in the long run.(然而，如果你有单层玻璃窗或有明显的损坏迹象，从长远来看，安装节能窗户可以为你省钱)”中的However可知，此空应与安装节能窗户的缺点相关。C选项“Replacing windows can be quite expensive (更换窗户可能相当昂贵)”讲述更换窗户的费用问题，与空后形成转折关系，符合语境。故选C项。 4．此处应为本段的小标题，与其他段落相同，应为祈使句。根据空后“Fixing a smart thermostat can help you adjust the times you have your heating or cooling running according to a pre-set schedule, which can help you cut energy bills. (修理智能恒温器可帮助你根据预设时间表调整供暖或制冷的运行时间，这能帮你降低能源费用。)”可知，本段讲述的内容与智能家居气候控制相关。A选项“Consider smart home climate control (考虑智能家居气候控制)”为祈使句，且能概括本段主题，适合作本段小标题。故选A项。 5．根据空前“One benefit you can get is to make the solar panels perfectly integrate with your home.(你能得到的一个好处是让太阳能电池板与你的家完美融合)”中的One benefit可知，此空应讲述另一个好处。E选项“And the other is to reduce your daily energy usage (另一个是减少你的日常能源使用)”中的the other与空前的One形成呼应，讲述使用太阳能的另一个好处，符合语境。故选E项。 （1） （24-25高二下·陕西西安·期末）In modern society, many retired people are lonely and lack life purpose while many young people have their own problems. 1 Or they may wish to live independently but be unable to pay the high rents in their area. 2 It involves bringing older and younger people together to support each other. After all, old people represent a huge unused resource: they include retired engineers, doctors, teachers and business people with years of experience. 3 In some projects, retired people help out in primary schools, to hear children read and offer them individual support. Similar projects are run in secondary schools and even universities. Other projects involve sending children and teenagers into old people’s homes on a regular basis to teach them “digital skills”, to entertain them or simply befriend them and listen to their stories and advice. 4 The students can either live rent-free in exchange for household chores (家务杂活) and support for the homeowner, or they can pay a reduced rent in exchange for chatting with the older person regularly and keeping an eye on their health and well-being. Intergenerational volunteering projects have had a truly significant impact on both sides. By bringing together people of different generations and socioeconomic backgrounds, they have built trust, respect and friendship. 5 A．These are important for the structure of society. B．Studies have shown that retired people can still contribute to society. C．Intergenerational volunteering can provide a solution to these problems. D．Volunteering may even help young people discover a new interest or passion for life. E．They may face the challenge of finding a job without work experience or practical skills. F．Elsewhere, there are projects that match university students with wealthy elderly people who have spare rooms. G．Young people, too, have valuable skills to share, most obviously their up-to-date knowledge of technology. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．G 4．F 5．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了代际志愿服务的目标以及优点。 【详解】1．根据上文“In modern society, many retired people are lonely and lack life purpose while many young people have their own problems.(在现代社会，许多退休的人孤独，缺乏生活目标，而许多年轻人有自己的问题)”可知，本句承接上文，说明年轻人所遇到的问题，E选项中They指代上文young people。故E选项“他们可能面临找一份没有工作经验或实际技能的工作的挑战”符合语境，故选E。 2．根据后文“It involves bringing older and younger people together to support each other. After all, old people represent a huge unused resource: they include retired engineers, doctors, teachers and business people with years of experience.(它包括把老年人和年轻人聚集在一起互相支持。毕竟，老年人代表着巨大的未使用资源：他们包括退休的工程师、医生、教师和有多年经验的商界人士)”可知，本段主要介绍了一个解决问题的方案所包含的内容，以及这种解决方案背后的优势所在。故C选项“代际志愿服务可以为这些问题提供解决方案”符合语境，故选C。 3．根据上文“It involves bringing older and younger people together to support each other. After all, old people represent a huge unused resource: they include retired engineers, doctors, teachers and business people with years of experience.(它包括把老年人和年轻人聚集在一起互相支持。毕竟，老年人代表着巨大的未使用资源：他们包括退休的工程师、医生、教师和有多年经验的商界人士)”可知，上文提到了把老年人和年轻人聚集在一起，且分析了老年人的优势，推测本句是在分析年轻人的优势。故G选项“年轻人也有宝贵的技能可以分享，最明显的是他们最新的技术知识”符合语境，故选G。 4．根据后文“The students can either live rent-free in exchange for household chores (家务杂活) and support for the homeowner, or they can pay a reduced rent in exchange for chatting with the older person regularly and keeping an eye on their health and well-being.(学生们可以选择免房租的生活，以换取家务和对房主的支持，或者他们可以减少租金，以换取定期与老人聊天并关注他们的健康和福祉)”可知，后文提到了学生通过和老人聊天来换取免房租的生活，即将大学生和有房子的老人配在一起。故F选项“在其他地方，有一些项目将大学生与有空房的富有老人配对”符合语境，故选F。 5．根据上文“Intergenerational volunteering projects have had a truly significant impact on both sides. By bringing together people of different generations and socioeconomic backgrounds, they have built trust, respect and friendship.(代际志愿服务项目对双方都产生了重大影响。通过将不同世代和不同社会经济背景的人聚集在一起，他们建立了信任、尊重和友谊)”可知，上文提到代际志愿服务项目把不同世代和不同社会经济背景的人聚集在一起，本句为最后一段，说明这一优点所产生的影响，A选项中These指代上文they have built trust, respect and friendship，故A选项“这些对社会结构很重要”符合语境，故选A。 （2） （重庆实验外国语学校2024-2025学年高二下学期期末模拟英语试题）Every living thing depends on the ocean. So when we hear the ocean is in trouble from the effects of overfishing, climate change, and pollution, it’s easy to feel powerless. 1 But there are plenty of action s you can take that will make a big difference for the ocean. 2 The more you learn about the ocean, the better prepared you’ll be to inspire change and help others do the same. Thankfully, there are many ways to educate yourself about the ocean and the challenges it faces, from books and documentaries to websites, museums, art exhibits, and more. Check the label Help keep fisheries healthy by choosing sustainable seafood when you grocery shop or dine out. 3 Look for the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) and Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) labels. Their blue and green fish logos (标识) on your seafood ensure your fish can be traced back to sustainably-managed fisheries and farms. Reduce your carbon emissions 4 Decrease the effects of climate change on the ocean by cutting your carbon footprint at home: turn off lights when you’re not using them, walk or ride your bike to work, and demand renewable energy options in your community. Travel smarter Consider booking your next trip through a responsible travel company that’s committed to protecting wildlife and using guides who are aware of rules and best practices. Once you arrive at your destination, be respectful of marine life and habitats. And be careful about your purchases. 5 A．Increase your ocean IQ. B．Skip the single-use plastics. C．What should be done to travel responsibly? D．What’s the easiest way to make sure your seafood is sustainable? E．Many of these issues will require leadership from governments and businesses. F．In the last decades, the ocean has absorbed 90% of the extra heat created by burning fossil fuels. G．Purchasing items like shark products damages delicate ecosystems and threatens endangered species. 【答案】1．E 2．A 3．D 4．F 5．G 【导语】本文是说明文。通过列举具体的行动步骤，向读者说明如何为保护海洋做出贡献。 【详解】1．根据前文“Every living thing depends on the ocean. So when we hear the ocean is in trouble from the effects of overfishing, climate change, and pollution, it’s easy to feel powerless.(每一种生物都依赖海洋。因此，当我们听到海洋因过度捕捞、气候变化和污染而陷入困境时，我们很容易感到无能为力)”以及后文“But there are plenty of action s you can take that will make a big difference for the ocean.(但你可以采取很多行动，这将对海洋产生重大影响)”可知，前文讲述面对海洋问题，我们很容易感到无能为力，后文讲述我们可以采取行动，所以E项“Many of these issues will require leadership from governments and businesses.(其中许多问题都需要政府和企业的领导)”承接上文，和下文构成转折关系，符合文意。故选E项。 2．分析设空，为本段小标题，根据后文“The more you learn about the ocean, the better prepared you’ll be to inspire change-and help others do the same. Thankfully, there are many ways to educate yourself about the ocean and the challenges it faces, from books and documentaries to websites, museums, art exhibits, and more.(你对海洋了解得越多，你就能更好地激发变革——并帮助其他人也这样做。值得庆幸的是，有很多方法可以让你了解海洋及其面临的挑战，从书籍、纪录片到网站、博物馆、艺术展览等等)”可知，本段主要讲述了要提高自己对海洋的认识，所以A项“Increase your ocean IQ.(提高你的海洋认知)”符合本段主题，为本段小标题。故选A项。 3．根据前文“Help keep fisheries healthy by choosing sustainable seafood when you grocery shop or dine out.(当你在杂货店购物或外出就餐时，选择可持续的海鲜有助于保持渔业健康)”以及后文“Look for the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) and Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) labels. Their blue and green fish logos (标识) on your seafood ensure your fish can be traced back to sustainably-managed fisheries and farms.(寻找海洋管理委员会(MSC)和水产养殖管理委员会(ASC)的标签。我们在海鲜上的蓝色和绿色鱼类标志确保您的鱼可以追溯到可持续管理的渔业和农场)”可知，前文讲述选择可持续的海鲜，后文讲述怎么选择，所以D项“What’s the easiest way to make sure your seafood is sustainable?(确保你的海鲜是可持续的最简单的方法是什么？)”承接上文，引出下文，符合文意。故选D项。 4．设空位于段首，为本段中心句，根据后文“Decrease the effects of climate change on the ocean by cutting your carbon footprint at home: turn off lights when you’re not using them, walk or ride your bike to work, and demand renewable energy options in your community.(通过减少你在家里的碳足迹来减少气候变化对海洋的影响：不使用灯的时候关灯，步行或骑自行车去上班，并在你的社区要求可再生能源的选择)”可知，本段主要讲述减少碳足迹，所以F项“In the last decades, the ocean has absorbed 90% of the extra heat created by burning fossil fuels.(在过去的几十年里，海洋吸收了燃烧化石燃料产生的90%的额外热量)”符合本段主题，为本段中心句。故选F项。 5．根据前文“Consider booking your next trip through a responsible travel company that’s committed to protecting wildlife and using guides who are aware of rules and best practices. Once you arrive at your destination, be respectful of marine life and habitats. And be careful about your purchases.(考虑通过一家负责任的旅游公司预订你的下一次旅行，该公司致力于保护野生动物，并使用了解规则和最佳实践的导游。一旦你到达目的地，尊重海洋生物和栖息地。买东西时要小心)”可知，本段主要讲述旅游时注意保护海洋生态，购买东西时要小心，所以G项“Purchasing items like shark products damages delicate ecosystems and threatens endangered species.(购买鲨鱼制品会破坏脆弱的生态系统，威胁到濒危物种)”符合本段主题，是对前文的举例。故选G项。 （3） （24-25高二下·陕西西安·期末） Building Trust in a Relationship Again Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 1 Trust is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake. Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore. 2 It’s understandable, but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there. ● 3 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well­being. ● 4 If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust tested or violated. ●You didn’t lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 5 Instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness. A．Learn to really trust yourself. B．It is putting confidence in someone. C．Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D．Remember that you can expect the best in return. E．They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again. F．This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. G．Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened. 【答案】1．B 2．E 3．A 4．C 5．G 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一旦失去了信任，应该如何再次建立信任。 【详解】1．根据前一句Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences可知，信任是我们从过去的经验中学到的一种行为，B项：It is putting confidence in someone.(是相信某人)进一步解释信任，符合文意，故选B。 2．根据前一句Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore.可知，有时人们根本无法信任他人。E项They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.(他们受到严重的伤害且不能忍受再次发生)承接上文，说明所带来的不良后果。故选E。 3．根据下文Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well­being可知，对自己有信心会帮助你做出更好的选择，因为你能看到对你的幸福最好的结果是什么。所以本段主要在说要学会信任自己，故A项：Learn to really trust yourself.(要学会信任自己)符合文意。故选A。 4．根据后文If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”.可知，如果你被背叛了，那么你是一个受害者。然而是受害者与以受害者的心态活着是有区别的。所以此段主要在说不要认为自己是受害者，C项：Stop regarding yourself as the victim.(别把自己当成受害者。)符合文意。故选C。 5．根据下文Instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.可知，相反，要把这种积极的态度当成一种健康的生活方式。所以选项与后一句为转折关系。G项：Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.(既要看到事情的积极面并不意味着忽视所发生的事情)符合文意。故选G。 （4） （24-25高二下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）FOMO stands for “fear of missing out”. It refers to the nervous or anxious feeling people get when they realize they are not attending a social event either because they weren’t invited or they just didn’t feel like going. 1 This belief, in turn, can create anxiety and a sense of inferiority (自卑). FOMObothers most teens, especially if they’ re often online. One way for teens to deal with FOMO is to practice what is known as reframing (重塑) thinking. 2 Here are some tips on how teens can start to reframe their thinking. Track negative thoughts and replace them with reasonable ones. One thing teens can do to deal with FOMO is to track their negative thoughts and feelings in a journal. 3 Then, they can change their thoughts and replace the negative thoughts with something positive. 4 Encourage teens to recognize that they have limited time and cannot possibly be everywhere and do everything. So, naturally, there will be social events that they cannot attend. But this does not mean that they’ re necessarily missing out on something. Turn off the technology and do something else. Turning off the technology seems like a natural cure for FOMO. But just switching the phone off doesn’t erase the feelings that FOMO causes. 5 The key is to do something else entirely like reading a book or baking cookies — anything that allows them to focus on something other than social media. A．Be realistic about availability. B．There are some negative consequences of FOMO. C．Realize that no one lives a perfect life as described in social media. D．It’s a mental exercise designed to help them look at situations differently. E．In general, FOMO causes people to assume that they have a low social rank. F．Teens may still worry about missing out even if they’ re not in social media at all. G．This allows them to observe how often they’ re feeling negative about themselves. 【答案】1．E 2．D 3．G 4．A 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了青少年如何应对“错失恐惧症”及其相关建议。 1．由上文“FOMO stands for “fear of missing out”. It refers to the nervous or anxious feeling people get when they realize they are not attending a social event either because they weren’t invited or they just didn’t feel like going. (FOMO是“fear of missing out”的缩写。它指的是当人们意识到自己没有参加某个社交活动时（要么是因为没有被邀请，要么就是单纯不想去）所产生的紧张或焦虑情绪。)”和下文“This belief, in turn, can create anxiety and a sense of inferiority (这种信念反过来会产生焦虑和自卑感。)”可知，本空应阐述FOMO会导致人们产生某种信念。E选项“In general, FOMO causes people to assume that they have a low social rank. (一般来说，FOMO会让人们认为自己社会地位低下。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选E。 2．由上文“One way for teens to deal with FOMO is to practice what is known as reframing (重塑) thinking. (青少年应对FOMO的一种方法是练习所谓的重塑思考。)”可知，这里需要解释什么是重塑思考。D选项“It’s a mental exercise designed to help them look at situations differently. (这是一种心理训练，旨在帮助他们以不同的方式看待情况。)”能承接上文，符合题意，且It指代前面的reframing thinking。故选D。 3．由上文“One thing teens can do to deal with FOMO is to track their negative thoughts and feelings in a journal. (青少年可以做的一件事是在日记中记录他们的消极想法和感受。)”可知，本空应说明记录消极想法和感受的好处。G选项“This allows them to observe how often they’re feeling negative about themselves. (这可以让他们观察到自己多久会产生一次消极情绪。)”能承接上文，符合题意，且This指代前面的track their negative thoughts and feelings in a journal。故选G。 4．由下文“Encourage teens to recognize that they have limited time and cannot possibly be everywhere and do everything. (鼓励青少年认识到他们的时间有限，不可能无处不在，无所不能。)”可知，本空应强调青少年正确认识时间。A选项“Be realistic about availability. (要现实地对待有效性。)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选A。 5．由上文“But just switching the phone off doesn’t erase the feelings that FOMO causes. (但仅仅关掉手机并不能消除FOMO带来的感觉。)”可知，本空应强调即使关掉手机，青少年仍然可能会担心。F选项“Teens may still worry about missing out even if they’re not in social media at all. (即使青少年根本不在社交媒体上，他们仍然可能担心错过什么。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。 （5） （24-25高二下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）Flying a kite has been a windy day pastime. 1 Here are the basic steps for how to launch your kite with minimum stress and more enjoyment! To launch a kite into the air, the force of the initial lift must be greater than the kite’s weight. Once it’s in the air, you have to keep the forces in balance so your kite continues to fly smoothly. 2 Also, thrust (猛推) by the wind must be equal to drag, the kite’s resistance to movement through the air. A good rule is to start your flight with the wind at your back. That way, when you let go of your kite, you can keep an eye on it as it rises in front of you. 3 Avoid going out in stormy weather too, in case of lightning strikes. If your kite has tails, pay attention to what direction they are blowing, because they’re an indicator of wind direction. The beach is always a good option when choosing a location for flying a kite, because it usually has a strong offshore wind. Hold the kite in your non-dominant hand and the spool (线轴) in the other. You’ll notice that the kite is already picking up the wind. 4 When you feel the kite pulling away from you as it catches an updraft (上升气流), let your string spool out a bit. 5 Have the friend hold the kite and spool out string for several feet, making sure it’s straight. As you hold on to the spool, tell your friend to throw the kite straight up in the air. If there’s enough wind, the kite will take flight. Make sure you pull the line as your friend lets go. A．Then pull the kite up to catch the wind. B．You can team up to give your kite a boost. C．Flying near trees and power lines is a bad idea. D．That means lift must equal the weight of the kite. E．If you can balance these forces, your kite will rise. F．Now let go of the kite and grasp the spool with both hands. G．You would feel delighted to see your own flying kites to the sky. 【答案】1．G 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍放风筝的基本步骤，包括力的平衡原理、选址要点、具体操作方法及可与他人协作助力风筝起飞，助人们轻松享受放风筝乐趣。 1．根据上文“Flying a kite has been a windy day pastime.(放风筝一直是风天里人们喜爱的消遣活动)”以及后文“Here are the basic steps for how to launch your kite with minimum stress and more enjoyment!(以下是进行风筝放飞操作的最基本步骤，这样您就能以最小的压力并获得更多的乐趣来完成放飞操作！)”可知，前文提到“放风筝是有风天气的消遣活动”，空格后引出“放风筝的基本步骤”，本句承接前文对放风筝的描述，自然过渡到下文的操作指南，故G选项“你会非常高兴地看到自己的风筝飞向天空”符合语境，故选G。 2．根据上文“To launch a kite into the air, the force of the initial lift must be greater than the kite’s weight. Once it’s in the air, you have to keep the forces in balance so your kite continues to fly smoothly.(要将风筝放飞到空中，初始的升力必须大于风筝的重量。一旦风筝升空，就必须保持力的平衡，以使风筝能够平稳地继续飞行)”以及后文“Also, thrust (猛推) by the wind must be equal to drag, the kite’s resistance to movement through the air. (此外，风的推力必须与阻力（风筝在空气中移动时所受到的阻力）相等)”可知，本段围绕“风筝飞行的力的平衡”展开，空格前提到“需保持力的平衡以让风筝平稳飞行”，空格后补充“风力的推力必须等于风筝的阻力”，本句对“力的平衡”的具体解释，与后文的“推力=阻力”形成并列，故D选项“这意味着升力必须等于风筝的重量”符合语境，故选D。 3．根据上文“A good rule is to start your flight with the wind at your back. That way, when you let go of your kite, you can keep an eye on it as it rises in front of you.(一个不错的做法是，在放飞风筝时让风从你的身后吹过。这样，当你松开风筝线时，就能一直盯着它在你前方上升的情景)”以及后文“Avoid going out in stormy weather too, in case of lightning strikes. If your kite has tails, pay attention to what direction they are blowing, because they’re an indicator of wind direction.(在暴风雨天气里也尽量不要外出，以防遭遇雷击。如果你的风筝有尾翼，要留意它们吹向的方向，因为它们能指示风向)”可知，本段讲放风筝的环境选择，空格前提到 “让风从背后吹来”，空格后提醒“避免暴风雨天气以防雷击”，本句是对危险环境的补充，针对“安全选址”的主题。故C选项“在树木和电线附近飞行是个糟糕的主意”符合语境，故选C。 4．根据上文“The beach is always a good option when choosing a location for flying a kite, because it usually has a strong offshore wind. Hold the kite in your non-dominant hand and the spool(线轴) in the other. You’ll notice that the kite is already picking up the wind.(在选择放风筝的地点时，海滩总是个不错的选择，因为那里通常会有强劲的离岸风。用非惯用手握住风筝，用另一只手握住线轴。你会注意到风筝已经开始顺着风向飘动了)”以及后文“When you feel the kite pulling away from you as it catches an updraft (上升气流), let your string spool out a bit.(当你看到风筝随着上升气流向上飘动时（此时风筝会逐渐脱离你的控制），就让线稍微松开一些)”可知，本段描述具体操作：非惯用手托风筝，另一只手控制线轴，风筝已感受到风力。空格后提到“当风筝因上升气流拉力增大时，放线轴”，本句为中间的重要步骤，说明风筝上升的过程。故A选项“然后将风筝向上拉以抓住风”符合语境，故选A。 5．根据后文“Have the friend hold the kite and spool out string for several feet, making sure it’s straight. As you hold on to the spool, tell your friend to throw the kite straight up in the air. If there’s enough wind, the kite will take flight. Make sure you pull the line as your friend lets go.(让朋友拿着风筝，并将线拉出几英尺长，确保线是笔直的。当你握住线轴时，告诉你的朋友将风筝直接向上抛向空中。如果有足够的风力，风筝就会飞起来。当你朋友松开手时，你要抓紧拉紧线)”可知，空格后详细描述了“让朋友帮忙托风筝、抛向空中，自己控制线轴”的合作过程，本句是本段的核心观点，概括“团队协作”的方法，作为段首句总领全段。故B选项“你可以与他人合作来给风筝增加动力”符合语境，故选B。 （1） （23-24高二下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. 1 When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. 2 Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. 3 The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes. Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. 4 Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result? Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates. 5 Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission. What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower. A．Higher education has achieved its true potential. B．Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion. C．Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor. D．However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching. E．Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged. F．They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities. G．In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors. 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．G 4．B 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。 【详解】1．根据空前内容“It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision.(对于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻，因为他们要决定去哪里上大学。家庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. (最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出现的问题。选项D“However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.(然而，排名忽略了一个关键因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下文内容也可以推断，排名中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。故选D。 2．根据空前内容“When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings.(作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名。)”可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人们觉得很惊讶。选项F“They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.(更让他们惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”延续上文内容，指的都是大学排名忽略教学质量。其中“more surprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故选F。 3．空前内容“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”以及空后内容“The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中没有优秀教学令人惊讶。优质教学是衡量大学成绩的最重要因素之一。)”讲述的都是大学排名中没有考虑到教学。选项G“In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.(事实上，大学经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。)”与上下文内容相一致，故选G。 4．根据空前内容“Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding.(然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。管理者通常不会将卓越的教学视为增加入学率或资金的一种方式。)”可知，上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果。选项B“Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.(因此，它在招聘或晋升中不受重视。)”是上文内容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘和晋升中不受重视。故选B。 5．根据下文内容“Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.(尽管如此，在拥有高质量教学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前，不会有太大变化。从长远来看，大学、学校排名组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使命的一个有价值的核心部分。)”可知，此处算是站在大学的角度，提出如何把教学当成他们的首要核心任务。根据“Nevertheless”可知，空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。选项E“Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.(在最近，努力改进教学水平的现象已经出现了。)”与下文形成转折，旨在说明，促使教学成为核心任务的艰巨性和重要性。故选E。 （2） （23-24高二下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）Boundaries are personal guidelines that define what is and is not okay in your interpersonal relationships. As everyone has different needs and comfort levels, they may appear different for each person. Establishing healthy boundaries may provide such benefits, as avoiding burnout, boosting self-esteem and maintaining personal space. Once you’ve set your boundaries, it’s crucial to review them on a regular basis to remain relevant to your life circumstances. 1 However, the question arises: how can you establish these boundaries in a healthy way? 2 The way you set them reflects your attitude to taking responsibility in life. Taking the time to think about your wants and needs in different situations will help you understand how your values influence boundary-setting. Once you have made the list of your values, needs, and wants, you should use knowledge to establish clear boundaries that respect yourself and those around you. Also, when you have identified your boundaries, it is important to communicate them effectively. 3 Express your ideas in an open and straightforward manner and speak up for yourself so that others can hear, understand and respect your needs. If tensions arise during a conversation about setting boundaries, you’d better take a step back. Before restarting the conversation, allow yourself or the other person to cool down. 4 In addition to the points mentioned above, learning how to say “no” is essential. Saying “yes” to everything can result in stress, burnout, and frustration. Furthermore, it’s vital to evaluate what is acceptable and unacceptable. 5 If the situation persists, remove yourself from it respectfully. You deserve more than surrounding yourself with people who don’t value your values. A．Initially, identify your personal boundaries. B．Honesty and respect play an essential key role in the process. C．When you feel that someone has crossed your boundaries, remind them. D．Consequently, setting healthy boundaries is essential in social interactions. E．This contributes to finding possible solutions to issues regarding boundary-setting. F．Pick up the conversation unless there appears another argument needed to be settled. G．Keeping saying “no” to things you disapprove of helps to understand yourself better. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．E 5．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讨论了个人界限的重要性、如何设定健康界限、有效沟通界限的方法、学会说“不”以及在界限被侵犯时的应对策略。 1．根据上文“Boundaries are personal guidelines that define what is and is not okay in your interpersonal relationships. As everyone has different needs and comfort levels, they may appear different for each person. Establishing healthy boundaries may provide such benefits, as avoiding burnout, boosting self-esteem and maintaining personal space. Once you’ve set your boundaries, it’s crucial to review them on a regular basis to remain relevant to your life circumstances.(界限是个人的准则，它定义了在人际关系中什么是可以的，什么是不可以的。由于每个人都有不同的需求和舒适程度，它们可能对每个人来说都是不同的。建立健康的界限可能会带来这样的好处，比如避免倦怠、增强自尊和保持个人空间。一旦你设定了你的界限，定期回顾它们以保持与你的生活环境相关是至关重要的)”可知，建立健康的界限是非常必要的。故D选项“因此，在社会交往中设定健康的界限是必不可少的”符合语境，故选D。 2．由下文“The way you set them reflects your attitude to taking responsibility in life. Taking the time to think about your wants and needs in different situations will help you understand how your values influence boundary-setting. Once you have made the list of your values, needs, and wants, you should use knowledge to establish clear boundaries that respect yourself and those around you.(你设定目标的方式反映了你对生活负责的态度。花点时间想想自己在不同情况下的需求，这将有助于你理解你的价值观是如何影响边界设置的。一旦你列出了你的价值观、需求和愿望，你就应该用知识来建立清晰的界限，尊重你自己和你周围的人)”可知，下文开始讲述确定界限的方法，例如识别和列出自我的价值观、需求和愿望，因此本空应讲述与“确定界限”有关话题。因此，A选项“首先，你应该确定你的个人界限”提出了设定界限的第一步是自我认知，能概括本段主旨，符合题意。故选A。 3．由上文“Also, when you have identified your boundaries, it is important to communicate them effectively.(此外，当你确定了自己的界限后，有效地与他们沟通是很重要的)”和下文“Express your ideas in an open and straightforward manner and speak up for yourself so that others can hear, understand and respect your needs.(以开放和直接的方式表达你的想法，说出自己的想法，这样别人就能听到、理解和尊重你的需求)”可知，上文强调有效沟通界限的重要性，下文则提到了具体沟通时的建议，如开放直接地表达、维护自己等，所以本空表达与“沟通技巧”有关话题。B选项“在这个过程中，诚实和尊重起着关键作用”既强调了沟通中的重要态度，也自然过渡到具体的沟通技巧描述，能承上启下，符合题意。故选B。 4．由上文“Before restarting the conversation, allow yourself or the other person to cool down.(在重新开始谈话之前，让自己或对方冷静下来)”可知，提到了在对话中出现紧张时应先冷静下来再继续谈话，本空应解释这样做的原因，E选项“这有助于找到关于界限设定问题的可能解决方案”说明了为何需要冷静后再继续对话——为了更有效地解决问题，能承接上文，符合题意。故选E。 5．由上文“In addition to the points mentioned above, learning how to say “no” is essential. Saying “yes” to everything can result in stress, burnout, and frustration. Furthermore, it’s vital to evaluate what is acceptable and unacceptable.(除了上面提到的几点，学会如何说“不”也很重要。对所有事情都说“是”会导致压力、倦怠和沮丧。此外，评估什么是可接受的，什么是不可接受的是至关重要的)”和下文“If the situation persists, remove yourself from it respectfully. You deserve more than surrounding yourself with people who don’t value your values.(如果这种情况持续存在，恭敬地离开它。你应该得到更多，而不是让你周围的人不重视你的价值观)”可知，上文提及学会说“不”的重要性，下文则提到了当有人越界时的应对措施及最终可能需要远离不尊重你界限的人，因此本空应表达与“说‘不’的方法”相关话题。因此，C选项“当你觉得有人越界了，提醒他们”作为处理界限被侵犯情况的第一步，与后文的进一步行动相衔接，能承上启下，符合题意。故选C。 （3） （23-24高二下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）Writing a poem is about observing the world within or around you. 1 , from love to loss to the gate at the old farm. Writing poetry seems difficult. However, with the right approach, you can write a poem that you can be proud to share with others. Pick a specific theme or idea. This can make it easier for you to narrow down what images and descriptions you are going to use in your poem. For example, you may decide to write a poem around the theme of love and friendship. 2 . Avoid cliché(陈词滥调). Your poetry will be much stronger if you avoid cliches, which are phrases that have become so familiar that they have lost their meaning. 3 . By doing so, your reader is surprised and attracted by your writing. If you feel a certain phrase or image is too familiar to your reader, replace it with a more unique one. 4 . Poetry is made to be read out loud. So you should write your poem with a focus on how it sounds on the page. Pay attention to the structure of your poem and your word choice. Notice how each line of your poem flows into one another and how placing one word next to another creates a certain sound. Get feedback(反馈) from others. You can also share your poem with other poets to get feedback from them and improve your poem. 5 , where you discuss your poems with other poets and work on your poetry together. Or you may take a poetry writing class, where you work with an instructor and other poets to improve your writing. A．Write for the ear B．Do writing exercises C．A poem can be about anything D．You may join a poetry writing group E．Go for creative descriptions and images in your poem F．Strong emotional moments make for beautiful and interesting poems G．Then you may think about the moments where you experienced them 【答案】1．C 2．G 3．E 4．A 5．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了写出优美的、值得分享的诗歌的方法：选定一个特定的主题，避免陈词滥调，适合读出来的结构和选词，通过分享讨论获得反馈改进。 【详解】1．根据空后半句内容“from love to loss to the gate at the old farm(从爱到失去再到老农场的大门)”举例了写诗时可以选择的各种主题内容，由此推知，设空句应包含概括性词汇“任何内容”。选项C“A poem can be about anything(一首诗可以是关于任何事情的)”中含有“anything”，同时，在句意上讲述的是“诗歌主题”，与前文“Writing a poem is about observing the world within or around you.(写诗是关于观察你内心或周围的世界。)”在主题上衔接紧密。故选C项。 2．根据前文“For example, you may decide to write a poem around the theme of love and friendship.(例如，你可能决定围绕爱情和友谊的主题写一首诗。)”提出了一个选题，这是写诗的第一步，由此推知，设空句应是接着讲述下一步。选项G“Then you may think about the moments where you experienced them(然后你可能会想起你经历过的那些时刻)”讲到了选题后的下一步，即对该选题经历的情景思考，同时，“Then”使得该句与前文构成顺序关系。故选G项。 3．根据后文“By doing so, your reader is surprised and attracted by your writing.(这样做，你的读者会对你的写作感到惊讶和吸引。)”讲到了某一个做法的效果，由此推知，设空句应是讲述了这个做法。选项E“Go for creative descriptions and images in your poem(在你的诗中使用创造性的描述和形象)”提到了做法：使用创造性的描述和形象，这样是会让读者感到“惊艳”，同时，该做法呼应了主旨句“Avoid cliché.(避免陈词滥调。)”。故选E项。 4．设空为该部分小标题，应是该部分的核心主旨。根据后文“Poetry is made to be read out loud. So you should write your poem with a focus on how it sounds on the page.(诗歌是用来大声朗读的。所以你应该写你的诗，重点是它在页面上的发音。)”可知，该部分强调了诗歌是用来读给读者听的，即“为听而写”。选项A“Write for the ear(为耳朵而写)”贴合该部分主旨。故选A项。 5．根据空后的非限制定语从句“where you discuss your poems with other poets and work on your poetry together(你和其他诗人讨论你的诗、一起创作你的诗的地方)”可推知，主句应是提到了一个可以集体讨论和创作的地方或组织，选项D“You may join a poetry writing group(你可以加入一个诗歌写作小组)”中讲到的“诗歌写作小组”符合分析，同时可以与后文“Or you may take a poetry writing class...(或者你可以参加一个诗歌写作班……)”构成并列选择关系。故选D项。 （4） （24-25高二下·吉林长春·期末） How to Choose Your Purpose-Filled Career When you think about choosing a career, you often do it in the following two ways. Think about what you like to do. If you like writing or doing crafts, you might consider these things. This is not a bad way to go, of course, but you can’t always make money doing things you like (like video games or drinking beer). 1 Think about a well-paid job that you can do and doesn’t sound so bad. 2 Or maybe that’s out of your educational reach, so you choose office or retail worker. These are all great choices. But often they are not something you’re really passionate about. It’s kind of like just doing something because it’s there——not very inspired. 3 Try to do something to serve a community or make the world better. For example, taking care of children, because you really want to help children get a great start in life, or blossom into who they want to be or getting into government or social work to improve the conditions of the community you live in or becoming a scientist to help ease the environmental crisis or find a cure for a terrible disease. 4 And if you choose one of them for that purpose, you will serve in that work feeling a sense of purpose each day. 5 The point isn’t how you serve the world, but just serving the world in some way will help you feel filled with purpose. If you choose a purposeful and enjoyable job, you’re always further along than most people. A．There are endless ways to do that. B．Maybe a doctor, engineer or lawyer? C．However, there’s another way that is perhaps better. D．You are dreaming of a well-paid job which you like best. E．It’s essential not to concentrate on interests and good payment. F．Each of these is just one of many possibilities filled with purpose. G．And sometimes things you like are better as a hobby or side passion. 【答案】1．G 2．B 3．C 4．F 5．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍如何选择对你富有意义的职业。 【详解】1．分析设空，设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结。根据前文“Think about what you like to do. If you like writing or doing crafts, you might consider these things. This is not a bad way to go, of course, but you can’t always make money doing things you like (like video games or drinking beer).(想想你喜欢做什么。如果你喜欢写作或做手工，你可以考虑这些事情。当然，这不是一种坏的方式，但你不可能总是通过做你喜欢的事情(比如电子游戏或喝啤酒)来赚钱)”可知，本段是在讲述可以把自己喜欢的事作为职业，但是不是所有喜欢的事情都可以，所以G项“And sometimes things you like are better as a hobby or side passion.(有时候把你喜欢的事情当成爱好或副业会更好)”是对前文的总结，符合本段主题。故选G项。 2．根据前文“Think about a well-paid job that you can do and doesn’t sound so bad.(想一份你能做而且听起来不那么糟糕的高薪工作)”以及后文“Or maybe that’s out of your educational reach, so you choose office or retail worker.(或者，这可能超出了你的教育范围，所以你选择了办公室或零售工人)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从提出一个方法到具体的职业选择，再根据后文可知，空处的职业对教育要求高，所以B项“Maybe a doctor, engineer or lawyer?(也许是医生、工程师或律师？)”符合文意。故选B项。 3．分析设空，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Try to do something to serve a community or make the world better. For example, taking care of children, because you really want to help children get a great start in life, or blossom into who they want to be or getting into government or social work to improve the conditions of the community you live in or becoming a scientist to help ease the environmental crisis or find a cure for a terrible disease.(试着为社区服务或让世界变得更美好。例如，照顾孩子，因为你真的想帮助孩子们有一个美好的人生开端，或者成为他们想成为的人，或者进入政府或社会工作，改善你所居住的社区的条件，或者成为一名科学家，帮助缓解环境危机，或者找到治愈一种可怕疾病的方法)”可知，这里是在介绍另一种选择职业的方法，所以C项“However, there’s another way that is perhaps better.(然而，还有另一种可能更好的方法)”符合本段主题。故选C项。 4．根据前文“For example, taking care of children, because you really want to help children get a great start in life, or blossom into who they want to be or getting into government or social work to improve the conditions of the community you live in or becoming a scientist to help ease the environmental crisis or find a cure for a terrible disease.(例如，照顾孩子，因为你真的想帮助孩子们有一个美好的人生开端，或者成为他们想成为的人，或者进入政府或社会工作，改善你所居住的社区的条件，或者成为一名科学家，帮助缓解环境危机，或者找到治愈一种可怕疾病的方法)”以及后文“And if you choose one of them for that purpose, you will serve in that work feeling a sense of purpose each day.(如果你选择其中的一个作为你的目标，你每天都会有一种使命感)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从介绍职业，到这么做的好处，所以F项“Each of these is just one of many possibilities filled with purpose.(这些都只是许多充满目的的可能性之一)”符合文意，起到过渡作用。故选F项。 5．分析设空，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“The point isn’t how you serve the world, but just serving the world in some way will help you feel filled with purpose. If you choose a purposeful and enjoyable job, you’re always further along than most people.(关键不在于你如何为世界服务，而在于以某种方式为世界服务会让你充满目标感。如果你选择了一份目标明确、令人愉快的工作，你总是比大多数人走得更远)”可知，本段是文章的最后一段，应该做出总结，所以A项“There are endless ways to do that.(有无数种方法可以做到这一点)”符合文意，是总结性的语句，并且和后文构成逻辑关系。故选A项。 （5） （24-25高二下·吉林长春·期末） How to Avoid Meaningless Social Interactions In today’s world, we often find ourselves trapped in tiring social circles that are using up our energy. Learning to identify and avoid meaningless interactions is crucial for mental well-being. Here are some practical strategies. 1 Before attending any social event, ask yourself: “Does this agree with my values?” or “Will this help me grow?” If you’re attending just out of obligation (义务), it’s likely an unworthy commitment. Psychologists suggest that 70% of social tiredness comes from activities we didn’t genuinely want to join. Quality Over Quantity. Having hundreds of so-called friends doesn’t equal true connection. 2 A Cambridge University study shows that people with 3-5 deep friendships report higher life satisfaction than those with dozens of so- called ones. Invest time in relationships that inspire growth each other. Master the Art of saying No. The fear of missing out often pushes us into unwanted gatherings. 3 Politely declining invitations with simple statements like “I have other priorities” is perfectly acceptable. Remember, every “yes” to others is a “no” to yourself. Digital Detoxification (数字排毒). Social media creates fantasy of obligation. 4 Schedule specific time to check messages instead of responding immediately. Research indicates that limiting social media use to 30 minutes daily significantly reduces anxiety. Embrace Staying alone. 5 Regular staying alone allows for self-reflection and recharging. Historical figures like Newton and Kefka produced their best work during periods of being alone. Start with short walks or coffee breaks alone to rediscover the joy of your own company. A．Being alone doesn’t mean being lonely. B．Practice setting boundaries without guilt. C．Prioritize activities that bring personal fulfillment. D．Evaluate the purpose of social engagement s beforehand. E．Stop following accounts that cause negative comparisons. F．Instead, focus on developing a few meaningful relationships. G．Many online interactions are performative rather than genuine. 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．B 4．G 5．A 【导语】本篇是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了如何在高度社交化的现代生活中避免无意义的社交互动，以保护心理健康并提升生活质量。 【详解】1．根据下文“Before attending any social event, ask yourself: ‘Does this agree with my values?’ or ‘Will this help me grow?’ If you’re attending just out of obligation (义务), it’s likely an unworthy commitment.(在参加任何社交活动之前，问问自己：‘这符合我的价值观吗？’或者‘这会帮助我成长吗？’如果你只是出于义务去参加，那很可能是一个不值得的承诺)”提到在参加社交活动前，应该问自己：“这符合我的价值观？”或“这能帮助我成长吗？”，并指出如果只是出于义务参加，可能是不值得的。这与选项D“提前评估社交活动的目的”完全契合。关键词匹配：Before attending any social event, ask yourself...对应Evaluate the purpose... beforehand。故选D。 2．根据本段主题句“Quality Over Quantity.(质量重于数量)”以及下文“A Cambridge University study shows that people with 3-5 deep friendships report higher life satisfaction than those with dozens of so- called ones.(剑桥大学的一项研究表明，拥有3-5个深厚友谊的人比拥有几十个所谓友谊的人生活满意度更高)”提到拥有3-5段深厚友谊的人比拥有大量浅交的人更幸福。选项F“专注于培养少数有意义的关系”直接承接这一观点。关键词匹配：Quality Over Quantity和3-5 deep friendships对应few meaningful relationships。故选F。 3．根据本段主题句“Master the Art of saying No.(掌握说不的艺术)”可知，本段主要讨论“学会拒绝”，空前“The fear of missing out often pushes us into unwanted gatherings.(对错过的恐惧常常把我们推向不想要的聚会)”提到人们常因害怕错过而参加不想要的社交活动，并建议礼貌拒绝。选项B“练习毫无愧疚地设定界限”是对这一内容的总结。关键词匹配：Master the Art of Saying No和 Politely declining invitations对应setting boundaries without guilt。故选B。 4．根据空前内容“Social media creates fantasy of obligation.(社交媒体创造了了虚假的义务感)”可知，社交媒体制造了“虚假的义务感”(fantasy of obligation)，下文“Schedule specific time to check messages instead of responding immediately. Research indicates that limiting social media use to 30 minutes daily significantly reduces anxiety.(安排特定的时间来检查邮件，而不是立即回复。研究表明，将社交媒体的使用时间限制在每天30分钟可以显著减少焦虑)”建议减少即时回复通知。选项G“许多线上互动是表演性的而非真实的”解释了这种虚假感的来源，与上下文逻辑一致。关键词匹配：Social media creates fantasy of obligation 对应performative rather than genuine。故选G。 5．根据本段主题句“Embrace Staying alone.(拥抱独处)”和下文“Regular staying alone allows for self- reflection and recharging. Historical figures like Newton and Kefka produced their best work during periods of being alone.(经常独处可以让你自我反省和充电。像牛顿和卡夫卡这样的历史人物在独处的时候创作了他们最好的作品)”可知， 最后一段主题是“享受独处”，并举例牛顿、卡夫卡在独处中创造伟大作品。选项A“独处不等于孤独”是段落的核心观点，且与后文“Start with short walks or coffee breaks alone to rediscover the joy of your own company.(从一个人散步或喝咖啡开始，重新发现与自己相处的乐趣)”中“重新发现与自己相处的乐趣”呼应。关键词匹配：Embrace staying alone和joy of your own company对应Being alone doesn’t mean being lonely。故选A。 （6） （24-25高二下·吉林·期末）Living with a roommate can be a mixed blessing. 1 . On the other, it has its fair share of difficulties, especially when living with someone quite unlike you Differences in personality, habits and backgrounds often lead to conflicts. However, with the right strategies, you can create a harmonious living environment. 2 . When you truly know your roommate, you can be more flexible to meet their needs, and they’ll do the same for you. This mutual (相互的) understanding also builds comfort, enabling open and honest communication between you two. Secondly, creating rules and guidelines together is an essential part of that communication. 3 . They let each person clarify what matters most to them. Even though you won’t always see eye to eye on every matter, this environment opens the door to healthy negotiation. Thirdly, sharing the load around the house is indeed a fundamental aspect of harmonious living. 4 , they may feel overburdened. However, when everyone takes turns to clean the bathroom or take out the garbage, it makes life easier for everyone. This shared effort also develops a see of cooperation Finally, respecting each other is crucial for maintaining a peaceful coexistence. If you have a roommate who values their privacy and keeps their room organized in a certain way, avoid walking into their room without permission 5 . This shows respect for their boundaries and helps build a stronger bond between roommates. A．On one hand, it brings many benefits B．These jointly-made rules play significant roles C．When you put yourself in your roommate’s shoes D．Firstly, getting to know your roommate is crucial E．Don’t move or use their personal items without asking F．You grew up in different houses and are used to different things G．If one person is always responsible for cleaning the common areas 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．G 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了与室友同住有喜有忧及营造和谐居住环境的策略。 1．由上文“Living with a roommate can be a mixed blessing.(和室友一起生活可能是福祸参半)”以及后文“On the other, it has its fair share of difficulties, especially when living with someone quite unlike you.(另一方面，它也有相当多的困难，尤其是和与你截然不同的人一起生活时)”可知，这里是在阐述和室友同住的两个方面，一方面有好处，另一方面有困难，所以本空应表达和室友同住有好处这一方面，故A选项“On one hand, it brings many benefits (一方面，它带来很多好处)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选A。 2．由后文“Secondly, creating rules and guidelines together is an essential part of that communication.(其次，共同制定规则和准则是这种沟通的重要组成部分)”以及“Thirdly, sharing the load around the house is indeed a fundamental aspect of harmonious living.(第三，分担家务确实是和谐生活的一个基本方面)”以及“Finally, respecting each other is crucial for maintaining a peaceful coexistence.(最后，相互尊重对于维持和平共处至关重要)”可知，文章是从几个方面阐述与室友和谐相处的方法，所以本空应是第一个方面，且根据后文“When you truly know your roommate, you can be more flexible to meet their needs, and they’ll do the same for you.(当你真正了解你的室友时，你可以更灵活地满足他们的需求，他们也会为你做同样的事情)”可知，本空应与了解室友有关，故D选项“Firstly, getting to know your roommate is crucial (首先，了解你的室友至关重要)”能引出下文，符合题意。故选D。 3．由上文“Secondly, creating rules and guidelines together is an essential part of that communication.(其次，共同制定规则和准则是这种沟通的重要组成部分)”可知，提到了共同制定规则和准则，由后文“They let each person clarify what matters most to them. Even though you won’t always see eye to eye on every matter, this environment opens the door to healthy negotiation.(它们让每个人都能阐明对自己最重要的事情。即使你们在每件事情上并不总是意见一致，这种环境也为健康的协商打开了大门)”可知，这里在说这些规则的作用，所以本空应与共同制定的规则的作用有关，故B选项“These jointly-made rules play significant roles (这些共同制定的规则起着重要作用)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选B。 4．由上文“Thirdly, sharing the load around the house is indeed a fundamental aspect of harmonious living.(第三，分担家务确实是和谐生活的一个基本方面)”可知，提到了分担家务，由后文“they may feel overburdened. However, when everyone takes turns to clean the bathroom or take out the garbage, it makes life easier for everyone.(他们可能会感到负担过重。然而，当每个人轮流打扫浴室或倒垃圾时，这会让每个人的生活都更轻松)”可知，这里在说如果一个人总是负责打扫公共区域会怎样，所以本空应表达一个人总是负责打扫公共区域的情况，故G选项“If one person is always responsible for cleaning the common areas (如果一个人总是负责打扫公共区域)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选G。 5．由上文“Finally, respecting each other is crucial for maintaining a peaceful coexistence. If you have a roommate who values their privacy and keeps their room organized in a certain way, avoid walking into their room without permission (最后，相互尊重对于维持和平共处至关重要。如果你有一个重视隐私并以某种方式整理自己房间的室友，未经允许不要走进他们的房间)”可知，这里在说尊重室友隐私的事情，所以本空应继续阐述尊重室友隐私的行为，故E选项“Don’t move or use their personal items without asking (未经询问不要移动或使用他们的个人物品)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选E。 （7） （24-25高二下·吉林·期末）Nowadays, being mentally strong is as important as being physically energetic. This guide outlines practical strategies to develop inner strength, enabling you to become a purposeful and empathetic (有同理心的) individual. Stick to integrity. Integrity forms the foundation of strong character. 1 This way, you can stay faithful to your core values. For instance, if integrity matters to you, resist the temptation to cheat during exams despite peer influence. Consistency between principles and behavior promotes self-respect and stability. 2 Embrace strategic risks rather than make impulsive (冲动的) decisions. Suppose you’ve dreamed of starting your own photography business. It probably doesn’t make sense to suddenly quit your job and depend on a brand new business. Don’t dive headfirst into something before weighing the risks and the benefits. Try booking photography jobs on the weekend first. Practice empathy and gratitude. Put yourself in someone else’s shoes. 3 When a roommate struggles with homesickness, reflect: “How would I feel in their position?” Gratitude naturally accompanies empathy. Don’t hesitate to acknowledge others’ kindness. For example, “I really appreciate that you brought me some chicken soup when I was sick.” What’s more, maintaining a gratitude diary can enhance emotional awareness and strengthen relationships. 4 Take on leadership roles. You can build your character by taking on more responsibility. It will help expand your knowledge and give you a new perspective. Begin with self-reflection: examine how you currently communicate. 5 On the contrary, actively listen and thoughtfully respond if you are typically vocal. Being open-minded allows you to gain new knowledge and perspective. Make sure that you actively communicate with your team, and value everyone’s contributions. Good leaders know that empowering others is a great way to uplift everyone. Building your character is a lifelong journey. Commit to the principles above, and watch your influence — and inner peace — flourish. A．Take calculated risks. B．Avoid any risk to stay safe. C．Match your actions with your words. D．Good communication skills can set you apart. E．You can write down things you’re thankful for each day. F．You can strengthen your character by attempting to relate to others. G．If you are typically afraid to speak out, try to let your voice be heard. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．F 4．E 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了培养内在力量、塑造良好品格的几种方法。 1．根据上文“Integrity forms the foundation of strong character.(正直是坚强品格的基础)” 以及下文 “Consistency between principles and behavior promotes self-respect and stability.(原则与行为的一致性有助于增强自尊和保持稳定)”可知，空处强调正直要求言行一致，行动要与自己的原则相符。故C选项“言行一致”符合语境。故选C。 2．根据下文“Embrace strategic risks rather than make impulsive (冲动的) decisions. Suppose you’ve dreamed of starting your own photography business. It probably doesn’t make sense to suddenly quit your job and depend on a brand new business. Don’t dive headfirst into something before weighing the risks and the benefits. Try booking photography jobs on the weekend first.(接受有策略的风险，而不是冲动地做决定。假设你梦想着自己开一家摄影公司。突然辞职并依赖一项全新的业务可能没有意义。在权衡风险和收益之前，不要贸然行事。先试着在周末预订摄影工作)”可知，该段主要讲要承担经过思考的风险，A选项“承担经过计算的风险”符合段落主旨。故选A。 3．根据上文“Put yourself in someone else’s shoes.(设身处地为他人着想)”以及下文“When a roommate struggles with homesickness, reflect: “How would I feel in their position?”(当一个室友饱受思乡之苦时，反思：“如果我处在他们的位置会有什么感受？”)”可知，这里在讲通过理解他人来强化品格，F选项“你可以通过尝试与他人建立联系来强化你的品格”符合语境。故选F项。 4．根据上文“What’s more, maintaining a gratitude diary can enhance emotional awareness and strengthen relationships.(此外，写感恩日记可以提高情感意识并加强人际关系)”可知，选项应该进一步说明写感恩日记的方式，与前文提到的感恩日记相呼应。E选项“你可以每天写下你感激的事情”符合语境。故选E。 5．根据下文“On the contrary, actively listen and thoughtfully respond if you are typically vocal.(相反，如果你通常很健谈，要积极倾听并深思熟虑地回应)”可知，这里在说不同的沟通情况，G选项“如果你通常害怕说出来，试着让别人听到你的声音”与后文形成对比，符合语境。故选G项。 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $