暑假作业05 非谓语动词（不定式）（巩固培优）高二英语外研版

**基本信息** 系统梳理不定式形式及时态语态，聚焦六大句法功能，通过规则讲解+例句示范+分层训练，构建“形式-功能-应用”完整知识链，提升语言运用能力与语法思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |不定式形式与核心考点|形式2类4种，6大句法功能配12例|形式分类表+功能结构公式（如It is adj. to do）+动词搭配列表|形式→句法功能（主语→宾语→表语→定语→状语→宾补），由基础到复杂| |专项填空|25题覆盖时态语态/句法功能|针对考点设题，强化时态语态/功能辨析|对应考点逐一突破| |语法填空|2篇（浙江期末真题）|结合语篇考查不定式在语境中的应用|语篇中综合运用，体现语法服务于语言表达|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 暑假作业05 非谓语动词（不定式） 一、不定式的形式 语态形式 时态形式 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 二、核心考点 1．不定式作主语 (1)不定式作主语时，可以直接放在句首，谓语动词常常用单数。 To enter a good university for further study is my goal now.进入一所好大学深造是我现在的目标。 (2)不定式作主语时，更多放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语，常用于“It is/was＋adj.(＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth.”结构中。 It’s rude to turn your back to your teacher and refuse to answer.背对着老师，拒绝回答问题是不礼貌的。 It’s necessary for us to help those in need.我们有必要帮助那些有困难的人。 2．不定式作宾语 (1)不定式可在intend(打算)，plan(计划)，expect(期望)，pretend(假装)，would like/love/prefer(喜欢)，wish(希望)，decide(决定)，agree(同意)，help(帮助)，manage(设法)，persuade(说服)，refuse(拒绝)，seem/appear(好像)，promise(答应)，attempt(企图)，choose(选择)，ask(询问)，learn(学习)，tell(告诉)，fail(失败)，afford(付得起)等后作宾语。 The teacher decided to pretend to have known what the boys had done.He chose not to ask the boys but expected to be told everything. 老师决定假装已经知道这些男孩子们做了什么。他选择不去问孩子们，但是期望被告知一切。 (2)在某些动词如find，think，consider，feel，make，believe等后，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语不定式后置。 He feels/thinks it important to learn English well，but finds it difficult to remember the words. 他认为学好英语很重要，但是发现记单词很难。 3．不定式作表语 不定式作表语，主语往往是dream，goal，aim，purpose，plan 等表示意向、打算、计划的词。 My dream is to become a doctor after my graduation from university.我的梦想是大学毕业后当一名医生。 The aim of the talent show is to enrich students’ extra-curricular activities.这次才艺秀的目的是丰富学生们的课外活动。 4．不定式作定语 (1)当被修饰词是序数词或被序数词，the only，the next等修饰时，常常用to do 作定语。 John is always the first one to come up with a good idea.约翰总是第一个想出好办法的人。 (2)用在固定句型sb.have sth.to do和 there be sth.to do中。 Students complain that they have endless homework to do every day.学生们抱怨他们每天有做不完的作业。 (3)修饰某些名词，如chance，opportunity，way，ability，plan 等。 I feel greatly honored to have the chance to deliver a speech here.有机会在这里发表演讲，我感到万分荣幸。 5．不定式作状语 (1)不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do，so as to do，to do等，但so as to do不能置于句首。 I got up early so as to/in order to/to catch the early bus in the morning.我早晨早起是为了赶早班车。 (2)不定式作结果状语时，常用于too...to do，enough to，so/such...as to结构中。only/just to do常表示出乎意料的结果。 I asked Mum to put up the tent excitedly，only to be told the tent had been left behind.我兴冲冲地让妈妈搭帐篷，却被告知忘带帐篷了。 Every time I prepare for an important examination，I will be too anxious to fall asleep.每次我准备重要考试时，我都会因太焦虑而睡不着。 (3)在be happy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised to do sth.结构中作原因状语。 I am extremely glad to know that you are coming to China for a visit during the summer holiday.我很高兴得知暑假你要来中国旅游。 6．不定式作宾补 (1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语，如ask，want，invite，get，force，expect，allow，persuade，order，warn，remind，prefer，cause，permit，forbid，advise，teach等。 I am writing to invite you to come to my birthday party.我写信邀请您来参加我的生日晚会。 (2)下列动词(短语)接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：“一感”(feel)，“二听”(hear，listen to)，“三使”(let，have，make)，“五看”(see，notice，observe，watch，look at)，“半帮助”(help)，但在变为被动语态时需加to。 I often hear the girl sing the song which is popular recently.＝The girl is often heard to sing the song which is popular recently.我经常听到这个小女孩唱这首最近很流行的歌。 1．Tom claimed (rob) on the street on his way home the other night. 2．My English teacher is my role model, who has influenced me (take) up the position as a teacher. 3．The engine just won’t start. Something seems (go) wrong with it. 4．The young singer is said (train) by a master for the coming performance every day. 5．Being invited (address) the meeting is a great honor for the young entrepreneur. 6．He was heard (sing) a folk song while making dumplings in the kitchen. 7．The dirty cooking pot needs / (clean). 8．The traditional snack recipe is believed (keep) in the family for over a century. 9．The new dessert menu (release) next month in the restaurant. 10．What if she fails (qualify) as a cultural heritage guide — will she try again or change her direction? 11．The prisoner attempted (escape) from the jail but was caught by the guards immediately. 12．She tried her best (comfortable) her friend who failed the exam, sharing her own experience to cheer him up. 13．The child is curious (explore) the mysterious cave. 14．She found a creative way (solve) the problem without asking for help. 15．We are all looking forward to the moment the country plans (launch) a new space probe into Mars. 16．Parents often urge their children (develop) good reading habits from an early age. 17．I was so tired that I fell asleep on the bus, waking up (find) the bus had already passed my stop. 18．There are several environmental campaigns (hold) in our school next semester, including a tree-planting day. 19．Father does not allow us (play) on the street alone at night. 20．The reason why so many workers in this company resigned was they were made (work) 12 hours a day. 21．She wanted her hand-painted environmental posters (notice) by more students, so she put them up in the hallway. 22．She shared the bright prospect of the project and her plan (enhance) team cooperation. 23．We need more practical ways (reduce) energy consumption in the classroom. 24．The teacher asked us (collect) waste paper in the classroom and send it to the recycling station. 25．The most important thing for us now is (finish) the task before the deadline. 一．语法填空 A （24-25高二下·浙江湖州·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 One of the simplest ways to reduce plastic use is by avoiding plastic straws. While they are used for just a brief moment, plastic straws take 1 (century) to break down. By switching to more sustainable alternatives, such as glass, stainless steel, or bamboo straws, or 2 (simple) not using a straw at all, we can significantly decrease plastic waste. These choices can also help protect us from harmful chemicals 3 (find) in plastics. 4 , this can sometimes be challenging, particularly in some situations 5 someone might not always have a reusable straw on hand when they are strolling down the street and find themselves longing for a cup of bubble tea. In my daily life, I take small steps to reduce my plastic 6 (consume). For example, I bring my own water bottle to avoid 7 need for disposable cups when buying coffee or tea. I also use reusable 8 (shop) bags and bring my own containers for takeout whenever possible. It takes time to get used to these eco-friendly habits, but I 9 (integrate) them into my routine so far. Although these actions may seem minor, I believe that adopting such practices can help reduce one’s plastic footprint and contribute 10 a healthier planet. B （24-25高二下·浙江嘉兴·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In 1986, journalist Carlo Petrini launched the Slow Food movement as a protest against the opening of a McDonald’s restaurant at a historic Roman site. His objective is 1 (promote) the use of fresh local food that is grown with sustainable farming techniques, 2 that you can enjoy in the company of friends and family. Today, the movement has over 83,000 members across 50 countries, 3 (organize) into 800 local chapters. It soon became part of a more general Slow Movement. As Carl Honoré explained in his 2004 book In Praise of Slowness, “The Slow Movement is a cultural revolution (革命) challenging the concept 4 faster is always better.” To be exact, this philosophy isn’t about doing everything 5 a slow pace, but about doing things appropriately — prioritizing (优先考虑) quality over quantity in all aspects of life. There are lots of 6 (category) within the movement, such as Slow Travel, Slow Gardening, Slow Education, and Slow Work. “Slow Fashion,” coined by Kate Fletcher in 2007, offers 7 alternative to fast fashion, as supporters prefer second-hand, locally-made, or self-crafted clothes using recycled fabrics. Recently, the movement 8 (expand) into even more fields. The latest 9 (add) is Slow TV. Norway’s NRK once aired a 12-hour broadcast about wood burning — slow, but surprisingly 10 (enjoy). 一．任务型阅读 （24-25高二下·天津·期末）阅读表达 Do you think cookies can tell stories? Jasmine Cho, 35, does. A baker, artist, entrepreneur and activist, Cho tries to spread knowledge about social justice issues and diversity through the delicious medium of cookies. It was in high school that she discovered her love of baking. At a sleepover a friend taught her how to make a dessert, “sort of demystifying baking and that whole process”. Later, Cho realized her second passion: learning more about her Asian, American culture. An elective in college that taught Asian-American immigrant experiences brought an emotional moment for her. “So many emotions came up that I just couldn’t articulate. It was like this mix of anger, of relief, empowerment, sadness...” Cho said. Cho realized she could combine these two passions to educate others about influential Asian American people and showcase matters that were important to her. With her online bakery, she designed cookie portraits about people she admired and posted the images on Instagram. “I don’t think I ever really knew how to communicate these stories until I found cookies,” Cho said. “Cookies are just so disarming. Who doesn’t like cookies?” One cookie that Cho has identified with deeply is one she made of George Helm, a Hawaiian activist in the 1970s. “It’s insane the amount of injustice that the native Hawaiian population has faced as well through the whole annexation (吞并) of the kingdom. There were so many horrific stories that I heard about nuclear testing and the fallout (核爆炸后的沉降物) impacting native Hawaiian populations in all of this,” Cho said, “George Helm was one of those activists who really represented the spirituality of the native Hawaiians and the connection to their land, to nature.” Among her amazing cookie art are other political figures such as Larry Itliong, a Filipino-American labor organizer, and pop culture figures such as Keanu Reeves, a Canadian actor. Cho hopes her cookie art continues to inspire people to be creative and think positively. “Instead of trying to think of something new and original, just look inward and see, maybe there’s already a passion or a love that you have,” Cho said. “Use that for something that will serve the world in a better way.” 1．What inspired Cho to take an interest in Asian-American culture?(No more than 10 words) 2．What does the underlined word in paragraph 4 mean? (No more than 3 words) 3．Why does Cho think cookies are a useful tool to promote Asian-American culture? (No more than 10 words) 4．What is the author’s dream about her cookies art? (No more than 10 words) 5．How are you inspired by the story? Put it in your own words. (No more than 25words) 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 暑假作业05 非谓语动词（不定式） 一、不定式的形式 语态形式 时态形式 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 二、核心考点 1．不定式作主语 (1)不定式作主语时，可以直接放在句首，谓语动词常常用单数。 To enter a good university for further study is my goal now.进入一所好大学深造是我现在的目标。 (2)不定式作主语时，更多放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语，常用于“It is/was＋adj.(＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth.”结构中。 It’s rude to turn your back to your teacher and refuse to answer.背对着老师，拒绝回答问题是不礼貌的。 It’s necessary for us to help those in need.我们有必要帮助那些有困难的人。 2．不定式作宾语 (1)不定式可在intend(打算)，plan(计划)，expect(期望)，pretend(假装)，would like/love/prefer(喜欢)，wish(希望)，decide(决定)，agree(同意)，help(帮助)，manage(设法)，persuade(说服)，refuse(拒绝)，seem/appear(好像)，promise(答应)，attempt(企图)，choose(选择)，ask(询问)，learn(学习)，tell(告诉)，fail(失败)，afford(付得起)等后作宾语。 The teacher decided to pretend to have known what the boys had done.He chose not to ask the boys but expected to be told everything. 老师决定假装已经知道这些男孩子们做了什么。他选择不去问孩子们，但是期望被告知一切。 (2)在某些动词如find，think，consider，feel，make，believe等后，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语不定式后置。 He feels/thinks it important to learn English well，but finds it difficult to remember the words. 他认为学好英语很重要，但是发现记单词很难。 3．不定式作表语 不定式作表语，主语往往是dream，goal，aim，purpose，plan 等表示意向、打算、计划的词。 My dream is to become a doctor after my graduation from university.我的梦想是大学毕业后当一名医生。 The aim of the talent show is to enrich students’ extra-curricular activities.这次才艺秀的目的是丰富学生们的课外活动。 4．不定式作定语 (1)当被修饰词是序数词或被序数词，the only，the next等修饰时，常常用to do 作定语。 John is always the first one to come up with a good idea.约翰总是第一个想出好办法的人。 (2)用在固定句型sb.have sth.to do和 there be sth.to do中。 Students complain that they have endless homework to do every day.学生们抱怨他们每天有做不完的作业。 (3)修饰某些名词，如chance，opportunity，way，ability，plan 等。 I feel greatly honored to have the chance to deliver a speech here.有机会在这里发表演讲，我感到万分荣幸。 5．不定式作状语 (1)不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do，so as to do，to do等，但so as to do不能置于句首。 I got up early so as to/in order to/to catch the early bus in the morning.我早晨早起是为了赶早班车。 (2)不定式作结果状语时，常用于too...to do，enough to，so/such...as to结构中。only/just to do常表示出乎意料的结果。 I asked Mum to put up the tent excitedly，only to be told the tent had been left behind.我兴冲冲地让妈妈搭帐篷，却被告知忘带帐篷了。 Every time I prepare for an important examination，I will be too anxious to fall asleep.每次我准备重要考试时，我都会因太焦虑而睡不着。 (3)在be happy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised to do sth.结构中作原因状语。 I am extremely glad to know that you are coming to China for a visit during the summer holiday.我很高兴得知暑假你要来中国旅游。 6．不定式作宾补 (1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语，如ask，want，invite，get，force，expect，allow，persuade，order，warn，remind，prefer，cause，permit，forbid，advise，teach等。 I am writing to invite you to come to my birthday party.我写信邀请您来参加我的生日晚会。 (2)下列动词(短语)接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：“一感”(feel)，“二听”(hear，listen to)，“三使”(let，have，make)，“五看”(see，notice，observe，watch，look at)，“半帮助”(help)，但在变为被动语态时需加to。 I often hear the girl sing the song which is popular recently.＝The girl is often heard to sing the song which is popular recently.我经常听到这个小女孩唱这首最近很流行的歌。 1．Tom claimed (rob) on the street on his way home the other night. 【答案】to have been robbed 【详解】句意：汤姆声称前几天晚上在回家的路上在街上被抢劫了。claim后接不定式作宾语，即claim to do sth.，意为“声称做某事”；rob与Tom之间是被动关系，且rob的动作发生在claimed之前，应用不定式的完成被动式to have been robbed。 2．My English teacher is my role model, who has influenced me (take) up the position as a teacher. 【答案】to take 【详解】句意：我的英语老师是我的榜样，他影响了我从事教师这一职业。此处考查固定搭配influence sb. to do sth，应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。 3．The engine just won’t start. Something seems (go) wrong with it. 【答案】to have gone 【详解】句意：发动机就是发动不起来。它似乎已经出故障了。此处为seem to do结构，“出故障”发生在“发动不起来”之前，强调动作已完成并造成现在的结果，需用to have done形式，go 的过去分词是gone。 4．The young singer is said (train) by a master for the coming performance every day. 【答案】to be trained 【详解】句意：据说这位年轻歌手为了即将到来的演出每天都在接受一位大师的训练。此处为固定搭配be said to do结构，The young singer与train之间为被动关系，因此使用不定式的被动形式to be trained。 5．Being invited (address) the meeting is a great honor for the young entrepreneur. 【答案】to address 【详解】句意：被邀请在会议上发表演讲对这位年轻的企业家来说是一项巨大的荣誉。be invited to do sth.是固定搭配，表达为“被邀请做某事”，不定式作主语补足语。 6．He was heard (sing) a folk song while making dumplings in the kitchen. 【答案】to sing 【详解】句意：有人听见他在厨房包饺子时唱民歌。此处为“hear sb. do”结构的被动形式，hear用于被动结构时后需接带to的不定式，所以此处为to sing。 7．The dirty cooking pot needs / (clean). 【答案】 cleaning to be cleaned 【详解】句意：这个脏锅需要清洗。此处为固定用法“need doing”或“need to be done”，表示“某物需要被……”。 8．The traditional snack recipe is believed (keep) in the family for over a century. 【答案】to have been kept 【详解】句意：人们认为这个传统小吃配方已经在这个家族保存了一个多世纪了。本句为‌“sth. is believed to do”固定结构，不定式作主语补足语；此处keep(保存)与其逻辑主语The traditional snack recipe之间是被动关系，且动作发生在谓语动作之前，因此用不定式的完成被动式to have been kept，表被动和已经发生。 9．The new dessert menu (release) next month in the restaurant. 【答案】is to be released 【详解】句意：这家餐厅将于下月推出全新甜品菜单。根据句意以及时间状语next month可知，此处为be to do用法，be to do sth 侧重早已计划、安排好的将来动作，多用于正式安排、商业官宣、既定流程，餐厅上新菜单属于提前敲定的计划。结合句意可知，菜单是被推出，用不定式被动to be released，主语单数，be动词用is。 10．What if she fails (qualify) as a cultural heritage guide — will she try again or change her direction? 【答案】to qualify 【详解】句意：如果她未能获得文化遗产导游资格怎么办——她会再试一次还是改变方向？根据“fails”可知，此处为固定搭配fail to do sth，意为“未能做某事”，因此要用to qualify作宾语。 11．The prisoner attempted (escape) from the jail but was caught by the guards immediately. 【答案】to escape 【详解】句意：这名囚犯企图逃出监狱，却立刻被警卫抓住。此处为固定搭配attempt to do sth.，意为“企图做某事”，所以此处使用动词不定式to escape作宾语。 12．She tried her best (comfortable) her friend who failed the exam, sharing her own experience to cheer him up. 【答案】to comfort 【详解】句意：她尽全力安慰考试失利的朋友，分享自身经历来使他振作起来。try one’s best to do sth. “尽力做某事”是固定搭配，空处应填不定式，comfortable的动词形式为comfort。 13．The child is curious (explore) the mysterious cave. 【答案】to explore 【详解】句意：这个孩子好奇地想要探索这个神秘的洞穴。短语be curious to do sth.表示“好奇地做某事”。 14．She found a creative way (solve) the problem without asking for help. 【答案】to solve 【详解】句意：她想到了一个不用求助就能解决这个问题的创新方法。a way to do sth.是固定结构，意为“做某事的方法”，此处需要用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰前面的名词way。 15．We are all looking forward to the moment the country plans (launch) a new space probe into Mars. 【答案】to launch 【详解】句意：我们都期盼着国家计划向火星发射新探测器的那一刻。plan to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“计划做某事”，故用动词不定式to launch。 16．Parents often urge their children (develop) good reading habits from an early age. 【答案】to develop 【详解】句意：父母常常敦促他们的孩子从小养成良好的阅读习惯。urge sb. to do sth.为固定短语，意为“催促某人做某事”，其中动词不定式to develop在句中作宾语补足语。 17．I was so tired that I fell asleep on the bus, waking up (find) the bus had already passed my stop. 【答案】to find 【详解】句意：我太累了，在公交车上睡着了，醒来后发现公交车已经过了我的站点。现在分词waking up作伴随状语。现在分词作伴随动作后，不定式常用来引出意料之外的结果，本空用不定式to find。 18．There are several environmental campaigns (hold) in our school next semester, including a tree-planting day. 【答案】to be held 【详解】句意：下学期我们学校将举办几场环保活动，包括植树节。hold与campaigns之间为被动关系，根据next semester可知，动作发生在将来，故用不定式的被动形式为to be held，作后置定语修饰campaigns。 19．Father does not allow us (play) on the street alone at night. 【答案】to play 【详解】句意：父亲不允许我们晚上独自在街上玩耍。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，本空用不定式to play作宾语补足语。 20．The reason why so many workers in this company resigned was they were made (work) 12 hours a day. 【答案】 that to work 【详解】句意：这家公司里这么多员工离职的原因是他们被迫每天工作 12 个小时。第一空引导表语从句，从句不缺少成分和句意，故用that；第二空为短语be made to do sth.表示“被迫做某事”。 21．She wanted her hand-painted environmental posters (notice) by more students, so she put them up in the hallway. 【答案】to be noticed 【详解】句意：她希望自己手绘的环保海报能被更多同学看到，便将海报张贴在了走廊。此处为固定结构want sth to be done，notice与逻辑主语posters之间为被动关系，所以此处使用动词不定式的被动形式to be noticed作宾补。 22．She shared the bright prospect of the project and her plan (enhance) team cooperation. 【答案】to enhance 【详解】句意：她分享了项目的广阔前景，以及她加强团队合作的计划。空处为动词enhance“加强”的动词不定式to enhance作后置定语，说明plan的内容，并表示将要去做的动作。 23．We need more practical ways (reduce) energy consumption in the classroom. 【答案】to reduce 【详解】句意：我们需要更多切实可行的方法来减少教室里的能源消耗。way to do sth.“做某事的方法”，本空用不定式to reduce，作定语。 24．The teacher asked us (collect) waste paper in the classroom and send it to the recycling station. 【答案】to collect 【详解】句意：老师要求我们在教室里收集废纸，并把它送到回收站。ask sb to do sth“要求某人做某事”是固定句式，此处用不定式作宾语补足语。 25．The most important thing for us now is (finish) the task before the deadline. 【答案】to finish 【详解】句意：对我们来说，现在最重要的事就是在截止日期前完成任务。空处作表语，要用动词不定式作表语，表将来，要将finish变成to finish。 一．语法填空 A （24-25高二下·浙江湖州·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 One of the simplest ways to reduce plastic use is by avoiding plastic straws. While they are used for just a brief moment, plastic straws take 1 (century) to break down. By switching to more sustainable alternatives, such as glass, stainless steel, or bamboo straws, or 2 (simple) not using a straw at all, we can significantly decrease plastic waste. These choices can also help protect us from harmful chemicals 3 (find) in plastics. 4 , this can sometimes be challenging, particularly in some situations 5 someone might not always have a reusable straw on hand when they are strolling down the street and find themselves longing for a cup of bubble tea. In my daily life, I take small steps to reduce my plastic 6 (consume). For example, I bring my own water bottle to avoid 7 need for disposable cups when buying coffee or tea. I also use reusable 8 (shop) bags and bring my own containers for takeout whenever possible. It takes time to get used to these eco-friendly habits, but I 9 (integrate) them into my routine so far. Although these actions may seem minor, I believe that adopting such practices can help reduce one’s plastic footprint and contribute 10 a healthier planet. 【答案】1．centuries 2．simply 3．found 4．However/Nevertheless 5．where 6．consumption 7．the 8．shopping 9．have integrated 10．to 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了减少塑料使用的重要性，并介绍了作者在日常生活中采取的一些减少塑料消耗的小举措。 1．考查名词。句意：虽然塑料吸管只使用很短的时间，但却需要几个世纪才能分解。可数名词century(世纪)作宾语，结合常识和句意，塑料需要几个世纪才能分解，用复数形式centuries。故填centuries。 2．考查副词。句意：通过改用更可持续的替代品，如玻璃、不锈钢或竹制吸管，或者干脆根本不用吸管，我们可以显著减少塑料垃圾。提示词修饰动名词短语not using a straw，用副词作状语，意为“干脆，简直，完全”。故填simply。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些选择还可以帮助保护我们免受塑料中发现的有害化学物质的侵害。分析句子可知，“(find) in plastics”作后置定语修饰名词chemicals，find(发现)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语chemicals之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填found。 4．考查副词。句意：然而，这有时可能具有挑战性，特别是在某些情况下，当有人在街上散步时，可能手头并不总是有可重复使用的吸管，而他们又渴望喝一杯珍珠奶茶。上文“These choices can also help protect us from harmful chemicals (find) in plastics.”和下文“this can sometimes be challenging...”之间是转折关系，用副词however或者nevertheless作状语，修饰整个句子，意为“然而，不过”；句首字母大写。故填However/Nevertheless。 5．考查定语从句。句意：然而，这有时可能具有挑战性，特别是在某些情况下，当有人在街上散步时，可能手头并不总是有可重复使用的吸管，而他们又渴望喝一杯珍珠奶茶。“_____ someone might not always have a reusable straw on hand when they are strolling down the street and find themselves longing for a cup of bubble tea.”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词situations，关系词在从句中作抽象地点状语，用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 6．考查名词。句意：在我的日常生活中，我采取一些小措施来减少我的塑料消耗。根据空格前的形容词性物主代词my可知，此处用提示词的名词形式consumption(消耗，消费)作动词reduce的宾语，是不可数名词。故填consumption。 7．考查冠词。句意：例如，我会自带水瓶，以避免在购买咖啡或茶时需要一次性杯子。此处特指“对一次性杯子的需求”，用定冠词the限定名词need。故填the。 8．考查名词。句意：我还使用可重复使用的购物袋，并在可能的情况下自带外卖容器。提示词修饰名词bags，用名词shopping作定语；shopping bag意为“购物袋”。故填shopping。 9．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：养成这些环保习惯需要时间，但到目前为止，我已经将它们融入了我的日常生活。integrate(融入)是谓语动词，与主语I之间是主动关系，结合时间状语“so far”可知，讲述从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时态，又因主语是第一人称，助动词用have。故填have integrated。 10．考查介词。句意：虽然这些行动看似微不足道，但我相信，采取这些做法可以帮助减少一个人的塑料足迹，为一个更健康的星球做出贡献。contribute to是固定短语，意为“贡献，促成”。故填to。 B （24-25高二下·浙江嘉兴·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In 1986, journalist Carlo Petrini launched the Slow Food movement as a protest against the opening of a McDonald’s restaurant at a historic Roman site. His objective is 1 (promote) the use of fresh local food that is grown with sustainable farming techniques, 2 that you can enjoy in the company of friends and family. Today, the movement has over 83,000 members across 50 countries, 3 (organize) into 800 local chapters. It soon became part of a more general Slow Movement. As Carl Honoré explained in his 2004 book In Praise of Slowness, “The Slow Movement is a cultural revolution (革命) challenging the concept 4 faster is always better.” To be exact, this philosophy isn’t about doing everything 5 a slow pace, but about doing things appropriately — prioritizing (优先考虑) quality over quantity in all aspects of life. There are lots of 6 (category) within the movement, such as Slow Travel, Slow Gardening, Slow Education, and Slow Work. “Slow Fashion,” coined by Kate Fletcher in 2007, offers 7 alternative to fast fashion, as supporters prefer second-hand, locally-made, or self-crafted clothes using recycled fabrics. Recently, the movement 8 (expand) into even more fields. The latest 9 (add) is Slow TV. Norway’s NRK once aired a 12-hour broadcast about wood burning — slow, but surprisingly 10 (enjoy). 【答案】1．to promote 2．and 3．organized/organised 4．that 5．at 6．categories 7．an 8．has expanded/has been expanded 9．addition 10．enjoyable 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了慢生活运动的起源、发展及其涵盖的多个领域。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：他的目标是推广使用以可持续农业技术种植的新鲜本地食品，并且你可以在朋友和家人的陪伴下享用。此处表目的，应用不定式作表语。故填to promote。 2．考查连词。句意同上。结合句意可知，空前后为并列的that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 fresh local food，应用连词and连接。故填and。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，该运动在50个国家拥有超过83,000名成员，组织成800个地方分会。句子谓语动词是has，空格处填入非谓语动词，organize和逻辑主语members之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填organized/organised。 4．考查同位语从句。句意：慢生活运动是一场文化革命，挑战“速度越快越好”的概念。空处引导同位语从句，解释说明concept的内容，从句不缺成分，句意完整，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。 5．考查介词。句意：确切地说，这种哲学并不是指以缓慢的速度做每一件事，而是指在生活的各个方面适当地做事——把质量放在数量之上。at a...pace为固定搭配，表示“以……的速度”。故填at。 6．考查名词复数。句意：运动中有很多类别，如慢旅行、慢园艺、慢教育和慢工作。category“类别”为可数名词，由lots of修饰应用其复数形式。故填categories。 7．考查冠词。句意：“慢时尚”由Kate Fletcher在2007年提出，为快时尚提供了一种替代方案，因为支持者更喜欢使用回收面料制作的二手、本地制造或自己制作的衣服。alternative“替代方案”为可数名词，此处为泛指，且发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 8．考查时态语态。句意：最近，该运动已经（被）扩展到更多的领域。结合时间状语Recently可知，此处可用现在完成时的被动语态，表示动作从过去持续到现在，有可能持续下去可理解为expand和主语之间为主动关系，有拟人的意味，主语是单数，助动词用has；也可理解为expand和主语之间为被动关系，表示该运动已经被扩展到更多的领域，用现在完成时的被动语态。故填has (been) expanded。 9．考查名词。句意：最新增加的是慢电视。空处应填名词作主语，addition“增加”符合题意。故填addition。 10．考查形容词。句意：挪威NRK电视台曾播出过一场关于烧木头的12小时直播节目——节奏缓慢，但出人意料地令人愉快。空处应填形容词作表语，enjoyable“令人愉快的”符合题意。故填enjoyable。 一．任务型阅读 （24-25高二下·天津·期末）阅读表达 Do you think cookies can tell stories? Jasmine Cho, 35, does. A baker, artist, entrepreneur and activist, Cho tries to spread knowledge about social justice issues and diversity through the delicious medium of cookies. It was in high school that she discovered her love of baking. At a sleepover a friend taught her how to make a dessert, “sort of demystifying baking and that whole process”. Later, Cho realized her second passion: learning more about her Asian, American culture. An elective in college that taught Asian-American immigrant experiences brought an emotional moment for her. “So many emotions came up that I just couldn’t articulate. It was like this mix of anger, of relief, empowerment, sadness...” Cho said. Cho realized she could combine these two passions to educate others about influential Asian American people and showcase matters that were important to her. With her online bakery, she designed cookie portraits about people she admired and posted the images on Instagram. “I don’t think I ever really knew how to communicate these stories until I found cookies,” Cho said. “Cookies are just so disarming. Who doesn’t like cookies?” One cookie that Cho has identified with deeply is one she made of George Helm, a Hawaiian activist in the 1970s. “It’s insane the amount of injustice that the native Hawaiian population has faced as well through the whole annexation (吞并) of the kingdom. There were so many horrific stories that I heard about nuclear testing and the fallout (核爆炸后的沉降物) impacting native Hawaiian populations in all of this,” Cho said, “George Helm was one of those activists who really represented the spirituality of the native Hawaiians and the connection to their land, to nature.” Among her amazing cookie art are other political figures such as Larry Itliong, a Filipino-American labor organizer, and pop culture figures such as Keanu Reeves, a Canadian actor. Cho hopes her cookie art continues to inspire people to be creative and think positively. “Instead of trying to think of something new and original, just look inward and see, maybe there’s already a passion or a love that you have,” Cho said. “Use that for something that will serve the world in a better way.” 1．What inspired Cho to take an interest in Asian-American culture?(No more than 10 words) 2．What does the underlined word in paragraph 4 mean? (No more than 3 words) 3．Why does Cho think cookies are a useful tool to promote Asian-American culture? (No more than 10 words) 4．What is the author’s dream about her cookies art? (No more than 10 words) 5．How are you inspired by the story? Put it in your own words. (No more than 25words) 【答案】1．An/One elective course she took at college. 2．Express/Convey/Communicate. 3．Because she thinks cookies are liked by many people. Or: Because she thinks everyone likes cookies. Because she thinks nobody dislikes cookies. 4．To inspire people to be creative and think positively. 5．I will look inward to discover my passion or love and make full use of what I have to make a better world. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jasmine Cho用烘焙技术制作饼干，设计饼干肖像，促进亚裔美国文化。 1．考查细节理解。根据第四段“An elective in college that taught Asian-American immigrant experiences brought an emotional moment for her.(大学里的一门课程——讲述亚裔美国移民经历的课程——让她经历了一次情感上的触动)”可知，在大学选修的一门课程促使Cho对亚裔美国人文化产生了兴趣。故答案为An/One elective course she took at college. 2．考查词句猜测。根据划线词上文“So many emotions came up”以及后文““It was like this mix of anger, of relief, empowerment, sadness...” Cho said. (“那种情绪就像混合着愤怒、解脱、力量感和悲伤……”Cho说道。)”可知，情绪太多无法用言语来表达/传达/交流。故划线词意思是“用言语来表达/传达/交流”。故答案为Express/Convey/Communicate. 3．考查细节理解。根据第五段““Cookies are just so disarming. Who doesn’t like cookies?”(Cho说，“饼干实在是太有吸引力了。谁不喜欢饼干呢？”)”可知，Cho认为饼干是推广亚裔美国人文化的有效手段是因为她认为很多人喜欢饼干。或者：因为她认为每个人都喜欢饼干。因为她认为没有人不喜欢饼干。故答案为Because she thinks cookies are liked by many people. Or: Because she thinks everyone likes cookies. Because she thinks nobody dislikes cookies. 4．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“Cho hopes her cookie art continues to inspire people to be creative and think positively.(Cho希望她的饼干艺术能够继续激励人们发挥创造力，保持积极的心态)”可知，作者希望她的饼干艺术作品可以激发人们发挥创造力并保持积极的心态。故答案为To inspire people to be creative and think positively. 5．考查开放题。根据“你从这个故事中获得了怎样的启发？请用你自己的话来表达。”可回答：我会从内心探寻自己的热情或热爱，并充分利用我所拥有的去创造一个更美好的世界。故答案为I will look inward to discover my passion or love and make full use of what I have to make a better world. 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $