暑假作业06 非谓语动词（ving形式）（巩固培优）高二英语外研版

**基本信息** 聚焦非谓语动词ving形式，以语法功能为纲，系统梳理形式规则与用法逻辑，通过典例与分层练习强化语言应用能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |核心考点解析|6大功能（主/宾/表/定/状/宾补）+例句|按语法功能分类，明确主动被动及时态（一般式/完成式）规则，总结固定搭配（如只跟动名词的动词列表）|从形式（doing/being done等）到功能应用，构建"形式-功能-语境"逻辑链条| |单句语法填空|25题|针对介词后、固定动词后ving应用，强化时态（having done）与语态（being done）辨析|基础规则直接应用，覆盖高频易错点| |语法填空短文|2篇|语境中综合运用ving作状语、定语等功能，训练语篇层面语法意识|从单句到语篇，提升语言理解与表达的思维品质|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 暑假作业06 非谓语动词（ving形式） 一、-ing的形式 语态形式 时态形式 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 二、核心考点 1．动词-ing形式作主语(doing/being done作主语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动) (1)动名词短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首。谓语动词常常用单数，但表示多于一个的概念时，谓语动词则用复数。 Playing cellphone games is his favourite.玩手机游戏是他的最爱。 Dancing and skating are my hobbies，and I also like to read short stories.跳舞和溜冰是我的爱好，同时我也喜欢读短篇小说。 Being laughed at in public made me embarrassed.当众被人嘲笑让我感到尴尬。 (2)有时用it作形式主语，常用于It is/was a waste (of...)/no use/no good doing sth.结构中。 It is no use trying to persuade such a stubborn person.想要说服这样一个固执的人是没有什么用处的。 It is no pleasure being blamed in the face of other students.当着其他同学的面被责备是没有乐趣可言的。 2．动词-ing形式作宾语(doing/being done作宾语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动) (1)动词-ing 形式可以作介词的宾语 I help Mum out by doing the housework that I can do.我通过做力所能及的家务活帮助妈妈。 The boy cried loudly for not being allowed to enter the amusement park.这孩子因不被允许进入游乐场而大声哭泣。 注意：以下短语中to 都是介词 be used to doing习惯于　object to 反对　devote oneself to 致力于　stick to坚持　 pay attention to注意　look forward to期盼　adapt to适应　adjust to 使适应于　owe...to归咎于　be addicted to对……上瘾 (2)动词-ing形式可以作某些及物动词的宾语，只跟动名词(doing)作宾语的动词有： mind(介意)，miss(错过)，mention(提到)，enjoy(喜欢)，escape(逃避)，practise(练习)，postpone(推迟)，permit(允许)，suggest(建议)，stand(bear，tolerate)(忍受)，consider(考虑)，keep(保持)，avoid(避免)，admit(承认)，advise(建议)，allow(允许)，appreciate(感激)，risk(冒险)，resist(抵制)，recommend(建议)，finish(完成)，forbid(禁止)，imagine(想象)，dislike(不喜欢)，delay(延迟)，quit(放弃)，deny(否认) The thief kept running to avoid/escape being caught by the police.小偷不停地跑以避免/逃避被警察抓住。 Little Tom is considering quitting practising playing the violin，because his neighbor can’t tolerate listening to the noise every day.The other day，she promised to give Tom ten dollars a week if he gave up doing it.Tom imagines having lots of money and can’t resist taking her advice. 小汤姆正考虑放弃练习拉小提琴，因为他的邻居难以忍受每天听到这噪音。前几天，她答应每周给汤姆10美元如果他放弃练琴的话。 汤姆想象着有很多钱，忍不住接受了她的建议。 3．动词-ing形式作表语 (1)doing作表语表示笼统的、抽象的概念。(此时doing 名词意义较强，doing/being done作表语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动) My hobby is reading books.我的兴趣爱好是读书。 What made me happy was being admitted to Peking University.让我高兴的是(我)被北京大学录取了。 (2)如果是和情绪相关的动词-ing形式则形容词意义较强，表示“令人……的”，往往物作主语。如：amazing，boring，confusing，disappointing，exciting，frightening 等等。 The news is surprising.这则消息令人吃惊。 4．动词-ing形式作定语(当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系且动作正在进行时，用doing；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作正在进行时，用being done) (1)单个的动词-ing 形式作定语，放在被修饰词之前。 falling leaves正在落下的树叶　a sleeping child睡着的孩子 a swimming pool游泳池　a reading room阅览室(动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能) (2)动词-ing形式短语作定语，要放在被修饰词之后。 the girl wearing a red dress穿红裙子的女孩 the bridge being built now现在在建的大桥 5．动词-ing形式作状语 (1)doing与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。 Walking in the street，I came across an old friend.走在大街上，我碰到一个老朋友。 (2)having done与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且先于谓语动作发生。 Having waited in line for two hours，the old man became impatient.已经排了两小时的队，这个老人变得不耐烦了。 (3)having been done与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生。 Having been told many times，the boy still made the same mistake again and again.已经被告知很多次，这个小男孩还是一次又一次犯相同的错。 6．动词-ing形式作宾补 现在分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，结构为vt.＋sb./sth.＋doing...。可以用于此结构的动词(短语)有：“一感一抓一发现，二听四让和五看”(feel，catch，find，listen to/hear，have/keep/get/leave，see/watch/look at/observe/notice) When I left school，I saw them playing basketball on the playground.当我离开学校时，我看到他们在操场上打篮球。 I am sorry for keeping you waiting me for such a long time.很抱歉让你等我这么长时间。 The headmaster was angry to catch some students smoking again.又一次抓住一些学生吸烟，校长很生气。 一．单句语法填空 1．He is still trying to adjust to (work) night shifts, as his body clock hasn’t adapted yet. 2．After (fetch) fresh ingredients from the market, she prepared a delicious meal for her family. 3．Having lived abroad for three years, she has become accustomed to (eat) western food. 4．They had to abandon (climb) the mountain due to the sudden storm. 5．This movie was filmed in an (abandon) factory. The lead character once abandoned (pursue) his artistic dreams. Trapped in regret, he abandons (him) to nostalgia (怀旧)in the empty workshop. 6．Many companies spend a lot of money on (advertise) to promote their products. 7．She suggested (go) to the movies tonight. 8．I can’t imagine (live) without electricity. 9．After the rain, the farmers were busy (seed) the fields. 10．He was blamed (not finish) the work on time. 11．The little girl danced to the music, (pose) like a little princess whenever the beat stopped. 12．I read English newspapers every morning, (enlarge) my vocabulary in a natural way. 13． (compare) the two phones carefully, she decided to buy the lighter one. 14． (lack) necessary experience, the new member of the volunteer club found it hard to fit in at first. 15．Our debate club won the city competition, (boost) every member’s confidence. 16． (devote) all her time to the project, she had no energy for other things. 17． (adopt) a new learning method, I found it easier to solve those problems. 18． (adjust) to the new life, the student made many new friends. 19．Several accidents happened here last month, (kill) 10 people in all. 20． (criticize) by the teacher, Mary corrected her mistake immediately. 21． (destroy) by the storm, the old house had to be pulled down. 22． (not know) the way to the museum, we had to ask a local for help. 23． (deliver) the speech confidently, she won a lot of applause. 24． (let) down by his teammates, Tom decided to leave the team. 25．Unfortunately, she made a sudden misjudgment, (ruin) her previous efforts, but she refused to give up and decided (expand) her team to tackle the problem together. She tried to apply her professional knowledge the new project, hoping to achieve breakthroughs. 一．语法填空 A （24-25高二下·浙江宁波·期末）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 For thousands of years, civilizations all over the world have used music to heal people. But it’s only in the last few years that scientists 1 (begin) to discover why it works. When we listen to music almost every part of the brain lights up-from the areas that control movement and memory 2 those that process language and emotion. It’s like 3 (set) a firework off inside our heads. In the same way that bodybuilders grow big muscles from working out at the gym, the more we use a part of our brain, the 4 (strong) it becomes. Modern music therapists use this knowledge to exercise 5 (damage) parts of the brain that are not 6 (access) in any other way. Listening to the rhythm of music turns on movement areas of the brain, 7 helps people with Parkinson’s disease become more mobile. Singing 8 (activate) language areas 9 is used to help stroke victims learn to talk again. The emotional impact of music has even been used to help children with autism learn to understand other people’s emotions, helping them with social interaction and self-expression skills. By listening to and performing music, people can 10 (true) rebuild the structures of their mind. B （24-25高二下·浙江舟山·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 When young children are first learning to walk, parents are encouraged to allow them 1 (walk) barefoot. Barefoot walking has positive effects not only on the growth and development of small feet but also on children’s walking patterns. In adults, walking barefoot may help restore a 2 (nature) walking pattern. Wearing heavily cushioned shoes can change the way the foot lands on the ground 3 walking. People who walked barefoot on a regular basis were found to put more 4 (press) on the middle of their feet and toe area than on their heels. Walking 5 shoes also causes you to walk in a lighter manner, with less impact per step. Walking barefoot can improve balance. Older people who are more likely to fall may be more stable on their feet without shoes. Training without shoes could help strengthen the muscles that help with balance, thus 6 (prevent) more falls. Posture and balance originate from the foot, 7 includes multiple bones, joints, and ligaments. When these are functioning properly, posture 8 (improve). Besides, spending time in nature can have 9 positive effect on mental health. Walking barefoot is a way to reconnect to nature. People who spent time in nature experienced less anxiety and 10 (few) symptoms of depression. Adolescents who walked barefoot regularly also had improved cognition and decreased stress. （24-25高二下·天津蓟州·期末）阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 I am a 45-year-old man, married and have a successful career as a lawyer. But my life was not always so great. I had a learning disability from an early age. I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra help. Still, I suffered the rest of my school days in public schools. My turning point came when I joined a music band. Playing the guitar became my voice when words failed. At first, my fingers trembled and I couldn’t press the strings correctly. Yet, through daily practice, I could play melodies that expressed emotions I couldn’t put into words. Here I learned my first important lesson: disabled as I was in language, I could still be smart and well express myself with music. And my confidence came along. I got my next lesson from long-distance running. In the beginning, running even one kilometer made me tired. My legs hurt, and I wanted to stop. But I set small goals. Each week, I ran a little farther. After about two years of running, I found myself training for a long-distance running race. I learned that the more you practice something, the better at it you will become. Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read and write. Every day I practiced reading and writing, which I used to avoid as much as possible. After two hard years, I was literate. Having gone through the long process with music, running, reading and writing, now I’ve got to a point in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown, hard, but interesting. 1．What made the author’s school days difficult? (no more than 5 words) 2．Why did music give the author confidence? (no more than 10 words) 3．What lesson did the author learn from long-distance running? (no more than 15 words) 4．What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph 4? (no more than 5 words) 5．How does the author’s story inspire you to overcome difficulties in life? Put it in your own words. (no more than 20 words) 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 暑假作业06 非谓语动词（ving形式） 一、-ing的形式 语态形式 时态形式 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 二、核心考点 1．动词-ing形式作主语(doing/being done作主语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动) (1)动名词短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首。谓语动词常常用单数，但表示多于一个的概念时，谓语动词则用复数。 Playing cellphone games is his favourite.玩手机游戏是他的最爱。 Dancing and skating are my hobbies，and I also like to read short stories.跳舞和溜冰是我的爱好，同时我也喜欢读短篇小说。 Being laughed at in public made me embarrassed.当众被人嘲笑让我感到尴尬。 (2)有时用it作形式主语，常用于It is/was a waste (of...)/no use/no good doing sth.结构中。 It is no use trying to persuade such a stubborn person.想要说服这样一个固执的人是没有什么用处的。 It is no pleasure being blamed in the face of other students.当着其他同学的面被责备是没有乐趣可言的。 2．动词-ing形式作宾语(doing/being done作宾语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动) (1)动词-ing 形式可以作介词的宾语 I help Mum out by doing the housework that I can do.我通过做力所能及的家务活帮助妈妈。 The boy cried loudly for not being allowed to enter the amusement park.这孩子因不被允许进入游乐场而大声哭泣。 注意：以下短语中to 都是介词 be used to doing习惯于　object to 反对　devote oneself to 致力于　stick to坚持　 pay attention to注意　look forward to期盼　adapt to适应　adjust to 使适应于　owe...to归咎于　be addicted to对……上瘾 (2)动词-ing形式可以作某些及物动词的宾语，只跟动名词(doing)作宾语的动词有： mind(介意)，miss(错过)，mention(提到)，enjoy(喜欢)，escape(逃避)，practise(练习)，postpone(推迟)，permit(允许)，suggest(建议)，stand(bear，tolerate)(忍受)，consider(考虑)，keep(保持)，avoid(避免)，admit(承认)，advise(建议)，allow(允许)，appreciate(感激)，risk(冒险)，resist(抵制)，recommend(建议)，finish(完成)，forbid(禁止)，imagine(想象)，dislike(不喜欢)，delay(延迟)，quit(放弃)，deny(否认) The thief kept running to avoid/escape being caught by the police.小偷不停地跑以避免/逃避被警察抓住。 Little Tom is considering quitting practising playing the violin，because his neighbor can’t tolerate listening to the noise every day.The other day，she promised to give Tom ten dollars a week if he gave up doing it.Tom imagines having lots of money and can’t resist taking her advice. 小汤姆正考虑放弃练习拉小提琴，因为他的邻居难以忍受每天听到这噪音。前几天，她答应每周给汤姆10美元如果他放弃练琴的话。 汤姆想象着有很多钱，忍不住接受了她的建议。 3．动词-ing形式作表语 (1)doing作表语表示笼统的、抽象的概念。(此时doing 名词意义较强，doing/being done作表语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动) My hobby is reading books.我的兴趣爱好是读书。 What made me happy was being admitted to Peking University.让我高兴的是(我)被北京大学录取了。 (2)如果是和情绪相关的动词-ing形式则形容词意义较强，表示“令人……的”，往往物作主语。如：amazing，boring，confusing，disappointing，exciting，frightening 等等。 The news is surprising.这则消息令人吃惊。 4．动词-ing形式作定语(当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系且动作正在进行时，用doing；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作正在进行时，用being done) (1)单个的动词-ing 形式作定语，放在被修饰词之前。 falling leaves正在落下的树叶　a sleeping child睡着的孩子 a swimming pool游泳池　a reading room阅览室(动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能) (2)动词-ing形式短语作定语，要放在被修饰词之后。 the girl wearing a red dress穿红裙子的女孩 the bridge being built now现在在建的大桥 5．动词-ing形式作状语 (1)doing与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。 Walking in the street，I came across an old friend.走在大街上，我碰到一个老朋友。 (2)having done与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且先于谓语动作发生。 Having waited in line for two hours，the old man became impatient.已经排了两小时的队，这个老人变得不耐烦了。 (3)having been done与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生。 Having been told many times，the boy still made the same mistake again and again.已经被告知很多次，这个小男孩还是一次又一次犯相同的错。 6．动词-ing形式作宾补 现在分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，结构为vt.＋sb./sth.＋doing...。可以用于此结构的动词(短语)有：“一感一抓一发现，二听四让和五看”(feel，catch，find，listen to/hear，have/keep/get/leave，see/watch/look at/observe/notice) When I left school，I saw them playing basketball on the playground.当我离开学校时，我看到他们在操场上打篮球。 I am sorry for keeping you waiting me for such a long time.很抱歉让你等我这么长时间。 The headmaster was angry to catch some students smoking again.又一次抓住一些学生吸烟，校长很生气。 一．单句语法填空 1．He is still trying to adjust to (work) night shifts, as his body clock hasn’t adapted yet. 【答案】working 【详解】句意：他仍在努力适应上夜班，因为他的生物钟还没有调整过来。固定搭配adjust to doing sth.意为“适应做某事”，to为介词，后接动名词作宾语。 2．After (fetch) fresh ingredients from the market, she prepared a delicious meal for her family. 【答案】fetching 【详解】句意：从市场取回新鲜食材后，她为家人做了一顿美味的饭菜。介词after后需接动名词作宾语， 因此fetch需变为fetching。 3．Having lived abroad for three years, she has become accustomed to (eat) western food. 【答案】eating 【详解】句意：在国外生活了三年，她已经习惯吃西餐了。be accustomed to doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“习惯于做某事”，其中to是介词，后接动词 -ing 形式，所以填eating。 4．They had to abandon (climb) the mountain due to the sudden storm. 【答案】climbing 【详解】句意：由于突如其来的暴风雨，他们不得不放弃爬山。固定搭配abandon doing sth表示放弃做某事，后接动名词形式climbing作宾语。 5．This movie was filmed in an (abandon) factory. The lead character once abandoned (pursue) his artistic dreams. Trapped in regret, he abandons (him) to nostalgia (怀旧)in the empty workshop. 【答案】 abandoned pursuing himself 【详解】句意：这部电影在一座废弃的工厂拍摄。男主角曾经放弃追求自己的艺术梦想。深陷悔恨之中，他在空旷的厂房里沉湎于怀旧情绪。第一空修饰名词factory，用过去分词转化的形容词abandoned“废弃的”作定语；第二空涉及短语abandon doing sth.“放弃做某事”，因此pursue用动名词形式作宾语；第三空涉及短语abandon oneself to“沉湎于”，him对应himself。 6．Many companies spend a lot of money on (advertise) to promote their products. 【答案】advertising 【详解】句意：许多公司花大量资金做广告来推广产品。此处介词 on后需接动名词作宾语，advertise 是动词，其动名词形式为 advertising。 7．She suggested (go) to the movies tonight. 【答案】going 【详解】句意：她建议今晚去看电影。suggest doing sth.是固定用法，意为“建议做某事”，这里suggest后需接动名词作宾语。 8．I can’t imagine (live) without electricity. 【答案】living 【详解】句意：我无法想象没有电的生活。imagine doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“想象做某事”，live的动名词形式living。 9．After the rain, the farmers were busy (seed) the fields. 【答案】seeding 【详解】句意：雨后，农民们忙着在田里播种。be busy (in) doing sth.“忙着做某事”是固定搭配，空处用动名词seeding作宾语。 10．He was blamed (not finish) the work on time. 【答案】for not finishing 【详解】句意：他因没有按时完成工作而受到了责备。表示“因……而受责备”用be blamed for，表示“完成”用finish，因位于介词for后，用动名词形式finishing，作宾语。表示否定含义“没有完成”，用not finishing。 11．The little girl danced to the music, (pose) like a little princess whenever the beat stopped. 【答案】posing 【详解】句意：小女孩随着音乐翩翩起舞，每当节拍停止时，她就会像个小公主一样优雅地保持姿势。此处girl与pose构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。 12．I read English newspapers every morning, (enlarge) my vocabulary in a natural way. 【答案】enlarging 【详解】句意：我每天早上读英文报纸，以一种自然的方式扩大我的词汇量。句中已有谓语动词read，故空格处需用非谓语形式，表示前文带来的自然而然的结果，故用enlarge“扩大”的现在分词形式enlarging作结果状语。 13． (compare) the two phones carefully, she decided to buy the lighter one. 【答案】Comparing 【详解】句意：仔细对比了两部手机后，她决定买更轻便的那一部。主语she与动词compare之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语；句首单词首字母需大写。 14． (lack) necessary experience, the new member of the volunteer club found it hard to fit in at first. 【答案】Lacking 【详解】句意：由于缺乏必要的经验，这位志愿者俱乐部的新成员起初发现很难融入其中。句中已有谓语动词found，所以空处需要非谓语动词；lack与其逻辑主语the new member之间构成主动关系，应用现在分词作原因状语。 15．Our debate club won the city competition, (boost) every member’s confidence. 【答案】boosting 【详解】句意：我们的辩论社赢得了市比赛，提升了每位成员的信心。根据句子结构可知，主句为“Our debate club won the city competition”，逗号后需用非谓语动词作结果状语；表示主句带来的自然而然的结果，故用现在分词boosting。 16． (devote) all her time to the project, she had no energy for other things. 【答案】Devoting 【详解】句意：把所有时间都投入到这个项目中，她没有精力做其他事情了。此处为非谓语作状语，devote与主语she之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。句首单词首字母需大写。 17． (adopt) a new learning method, I found it easier to solve those problems. 【答案】Adopting 【详解】句意：采用了一种新的学习方法后，我发现解决那些问题更容易了。句子主语I与动词adopt是主动关系，用现在分词Adopting作状语，位于句首首字母大写。 18． (adjust) to the new life, the student made many new friends. 【答案】Adjusting/Having adjusted 【详解】句意：适应了新的生活后，这个学生交了很多新朋友。根据“made many new friends”可知，adjust这一动作可以强调发生在made之前，且和主句主语the student是主动关系，用现在分词的完成式Having adjusted作状语；也可以不强调时间的先后顺序，理解为和made同时发生，用现在分词作状语。句首单词首字母需大写。 19．Several accidents happened here last month, (kill) 10 people in all. 【答案】killing 【详解】句意：上个月这里发生了几起事故，总共造成10人死亡。此处作结果状语，kill(杀死)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语accidents之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动和情理之中的结果。 20． (criticize) by the teacher, Mary corrected her mistake immediately. 【答案】Criticized/Having been critized 【详解】句意：被老师批评后，玛丽立刻改正了自己的错误。本句已经存在谓语动词corrected，因此空格处需要使用非谓语形式； Mary是动词criticize的逻辑承受者，二者是被动关系，且criticize表示的动作发生在corrected之前，所以需要用过去分词形式或现在分词的完成被动式作状语； 空格位于句首，首字母需要大写。 21． (destroy) by the storm, the old house had to be pulled down. 【答案】Destroyed/Having been destroyed 【详解】句意：这座老房子遭暴风雨损毁，不得不被拆除。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，主语the old house与destroy为被动关系，表示“被暴风雨摧毁”，用过去分词作原因状语，句首首字母大写。此处也可为现在分词完成被动式Having been destroyed，强调毁坏这个动作发生在主句动作之前，先后顺序更清晰。 22． (not know) the way to the museum, we had to ask a local for help. 【答案】Not knowing 【详解】句意：不知道去博物馆的路，我们不得不向一位当地人求助。此处作原因状语，know(知道)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语we之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主语，否定词not放在非谓语动词knowing之前。 23． (deliver) the speech confidently, she won a lot of applause. 【答案】Delivering 【详解】句意：她自信地发表演讲时，赢得了阵阵掌声。句中谓语动词是won，________(deliver) the speech confidently作时间状语，所填词要将动词deliver变成非谓语形式；由于该状语的逻辑主语是she，deliver与she之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，要将deliver变成现在分词且首字母要大写，即Delivering。 24． (let) down by his teammates, Tom decided to leave the team. 【答案】Let/Having been let 【详解】句意：被队友们辜负了，Tom决定离开队伍。空处为句子状语，let sb down意为“使某人失望”，Tom与let down之间是被动关系，可用过去分词Let作原因状语，表示被动和完成；也可用现在分词的完成被动式Having been let down，强调“被辜负”这一动作发生在decided之前。 25．Unfortunately, she made a sudden misjudgment, (ruin) her previous efforts, but she refused to give up and decided (expand) her team to tackle the problem together. She tried to apply her professional knowledge the new project, hoping to achieve breakthroughs. 【答案】 ruining to expand to 【详解】句意：不幸的是，她突发误判，此前所有的努力都付诸东流，但她并没有放弃，决定扩充团队，共同攻克这个难题。她尝试将自身的专业知识运用到这个新项目中，希望能取得突破。根据句意可知，空1：此处在句中作状语，主语为she，与ruin之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词ruining作状语；空2：此处为“decide to do...决定做某事”结构，故此处应用不定式to expand作宾语；空3：此处为“apply...to...将......应用到......”，故此处应用介词to。 一．语法填空 A （24-25高二下·浙江宁波·期末）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 For thousands of years, civilizations all over the world have used music to heal people. But it’s only in the last few years that scientists 1 (begin) to discover why it works. When we listen to music almost every part of the brain lights up-from the areas that control movement and memory 2 those that process language and emotion. It’s like 3 (set) a firework off inside our heads. In the same way that bodybuilders grow big muscles from working out at the gym, the more we use a part of our brain, the 4 (strong) it becomes. Modern music therapists use this knowledge to exercise 5 (damage) parts of the brain that are not 6 (access) in any other way. Listening to the rhythm of music turns on movement areas of the brain, 7 helps people with Parkinson’s disease become more mobile. Singing 8 (activate) language areas 9 is used to help stroke victims learn to talk again. The emotional impact of music has even been used to help children with autism learn to understand other people’s emotions, helping them with social interaction and self-expression skills. By listening to and performing music, people can 10 (true) rebuild the structures of their mind. 【答案】1．have begun 2．to 3．setting 4．stronger 5．damaged 6．accessible 7．which 8．activates 9．and 10．truly 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了音乐在医疗康复中的应用及其科学原理。 1．考查时态。句意：但直到最近几年，科学家们才开始发现它为何有效。根据“it’s only in the last few years”可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是scientists，助动词用have。故填have begun。 2．考查介词。句意：当我们听音乐时，几乎大脑的每一部分都会活跃起来——从控制运动和记忆的区域到处理语言和情感的区域。from...to...是固定搭配，表示“从……到……”。故填to。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：这就像在我们脑海中燃放烟花。It’s like doing sth.是固定句型，表示“这就像做某事”，其中like是介词，后接动名词形式作宾语。故填setting。 4．考查比较级。句意：就像健美运动员在健身房锻炼长出大肌肉一样，我们大脑的一部分用得越多，它就会变得越强。此处是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，表示“越……，越……”，所以空处应用比较级形式。故填stronger。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：现代音乐治疗师利用这一知识来锻炼大脑中受损的部分，这些部分无法通过其他方式接触。空处修饰名词parts，表示“受损的”，应用过去分词damaged作定语，表示被动和完成。故填damaged。 6．考查形容词。句意：现代音乐治疗师利用这一知识来锻炼大脑中受损的部分，这些部分无法通过其他方式接触。空处作表语，应用形容词accessible，表示“可接近的，可进入的”。故填accessible。 7．考查定语从句。句意：听音乐的节奏会激活大脑的运动区域，这有助于帕金森病患者活动得更自如。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整句，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 8．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：唱歌会激活语言区域，这被用来帮助中风患者重新学会说话。句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语Singing是动名词，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填activates。 9．考查连词。句意：唱歌会激活语言区域，并且被用来帮助中风患者重新学会说话。结合句意可知，前文填入的activate的适当形式与后文的is used是并列的谓语动词，应用连词and连接。故填and。 10．考查副词。句意：通过听音乐和演奏音乐，人们可以真正地重建他们的思维结构。空处修饰动词rebuild，应用副词truly作状语，表示“真正地”。故填truly。 B （24-25高二下·浙江舟山·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 When young children are first learning to walk, parents are encouraged to allow them 1 (walk) barefoot. Barefoot walking has positive effects not only on the growth and development of small feet but also on children’s walking patterns. In adults, walking barefoot may help restore a 2 (nature) walking pattern. Wearing heavily cushioned shoes can change the way the foot lands on the ground 3 walking. People who walked barefoot on a regular basis were found to put more 4 (press) on the middle of their feet and toe area than on their heels. Walking 5 shoes also causes you to walk in a lighter manner, with less impact per step. Walking barefoot can improve balance. Older people who are more likely to fall may be more stable on their feet without shoes. Training without shoes could help strengthen the muscles that help with balance, thus 6 (prevent) more falls. Posture and balance originate from the foot, 7 includes multiple bones, joints, and ligaments. When these are functioning properly, posture 8 (improve). Besides, spending time in nature can have 9 positive effect on mental health. Walking barefoot is a way to reconnect to nature. People who spent time in nature experienced less anxiety and 10 (few) symptoms of depression. Adolescents who walked barefoot regularly also had improved cognition and decreased stress. 【答案】1．to walk 2．natural 3．when/while 4．pressure 5．without 6．preventing 7．which 8．improves/is improved 9．a 10．fewer 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了赤脚行走的诸多益处。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：当幼儿刚开始学习走路时，家长被鼓励让他们赤脚行走。allow sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”，空处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to walk。 2．考查形容词。句意：对于成年人来说，赤脚行走可能有助于恢复自然的行走模式。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词短语walking pattern，nature的形容词为natural“自然的”。故填natural。 3．考查连词。句意：穿厚底缓冲鞋会改变行走时脚落地的方式。“when/while”均可引导时间状语从句，表示 “当…… 时”。故填when/while。 4．考查名词。句意：研究发现，经常赤脚行走的人脚底中部和脚趾区域承受的压力比脚跟更大。动词put后需接名词作宾语，press的名词为pressure“压力”，不可数名词。故填pressure。 5．考查介词。句意：不穿鞋行走还会让你走得更轻盈，每一步的冲击力更小。根据上下文，此处讨论“赤脚走路”（walking barefoot），即“不穿鞋”，故用介词without，表示“没有”。故填without。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：不穿鞋训练有助于增强辅助平衡的肌肉，从而减少摔倒次数。本句已有谓语动词help，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作结果状语，空处动词prevent与主句之间是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词作结果状语。故填preventing。 7．考查定语从句。句意：姿势和平衡源于足部，足部包含多个骨骼、关节和韧带。空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是foot，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。 8．考查时态和语态。句意：当这些功能正常时，姿势就会得到改善。本句陈述一个事实，谓语动词需用一般现在时态，improve可以表示主语的状态，为不及物动词，用主动语态，其主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为improves；improve也可以为及物动词，表示被改善，所以空处谓语动词也可用一般现在时态的被动语态：am/is/are done，主语是不可数名词posture，所以be动词需用is。故填improves/is improved。 9．考查冠词。句意：此外，花时间在大自然中对心理健康有积极的影响。have an effect on为固定搭配，意为“对……有影响”，positive发音是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以空处需用不定冠词a。故填a。 10．考查形容词比较级。句意：花时间在大自然中的人焦虑较少，抑郁症状也较少。and连接并列成分，根据空前less anxiety可知，空处需用few的比较级fewer修饰可数名词复数symptoms。故填fewer。 （24-25高二下·天津蓟州·期末）阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 I am a 45-year-old man, married and have a successful career as a lawyer. But my life was not always so great. I had a learning disability from an early age. I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra help. Still, I suffered the rest of my school days in public schools. My turning point came when I joined a music band. Playing the guitar became my voice when words failed. At first, my fingers trembled and I couldn’t press the strings correctly. Yet, through daily practice, I could play melodies that expressed emotions I couldn’t put into words. Here I learned my first important lesson: disabled as I was in language, I could still be smart and well express myself with music. And my confidence came along. I got my next lesson from long-distance running. In the beginning, running even one kilometer made me tired. My legs hurt, and I wanted to stop. But I set small goals. Each week, I ran a little farther. After about two years of running, I found myself training for a long-distance running race. I learned that the more you practice something, the better at it you will become. Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read and write. Every day I practiced reading and writing, which I used to avoid as much as possible. After two hard years, I was literate. Having gone through the long process with music, running, reading and writing, now I’ve got to a point in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown, hard, but interesting. 1．What made the author’s school days difficult? (no more than 5 words) 2．Why did music give the author confidence? (no more than 10 words) 3．What lesson did the author learn from long-distance running? (no more than 15 words) 4．What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph 4? (no more than 5 words) 5．How does the author’s story inspire you to overcome difficulties in life? Put it in your own words. (no more than 20 words) 【答案】1．His learning disability. 2．Because he could express himself with music. 3．The more you practice, the better at something you will be. 4．He could read and write. 5．We can overcome difficulties by practicing and not giving up. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从童年学习障碍到通过音乐、跑步、阅读和写作等经历逐步建立自信、克服困难并取得个人成长的过程。 【详解】1．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“I had a learning disability from an early age. I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra help. Still, I suffered the rest of my school days in public schools.(但我的人生并非一直如此顺遂。我从小就有学习障碍，曾就读于一所特殊学校，在那里得到了很多额外帮助。尽管如此，在公立学校的剩余求学时光里，我依然过得很艰难)”可知，作者的学习障碍让自己的求学时光非常艰难。故答案为His learning disability. 2．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“Here I learned my first important lesson: disabled as I was in language, I could still be smart and well express myself with music. And my confidence came along.(在这里，我学到了人生重要的第一课：尽管我在语言方面有障碍，但我依然可以很聪明，依然能用音乐很好地表达自己。随之而来的，是我的自信心)”可知，作者发现自己可以用音乐表达自己，继而有了自信心。故答案为Because he could express himself with music. 3．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“In the beginning, running even one kilometer made me tired. My legs hurt, and I wanted to stop. But I set small goals. Each week, I ran a little farther. After about two years of running, I found myself training for a long-distance running race. I learned that the more you practice something, the better at it you will become.(一开始，哪怕只跑一公里都让我疲惫不堪。双腿酸痛时，我总想放弃。但我为自己设定了小目标，每周都多跑一点。坚持跑步约两年后，我竟然开始为一场长跑比赛做训练了。我明白了：一件事，你练习得越多，就会做得越好)”可知，通过长跑，作者明白了练习得越多，就可以做得越好。故答案为The more you practice, the better at something you will be. 4．考查词义猜测。根据划线单词所在语境“Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read and write. Every day I practiced reading and writing, which I used to avoid as much as possible. After two hard years, I was literate.(后来，我决定把之前的经验运用到读写学习中。过去我总是尽可能回避读写，而现在，我每天都坚持练习。经过两年的刻苦努力，我I was literate)”以及上文弹吉他和长跑的经历可推测，经过两年的刻苦努力，作者可以读写了。故答案为He could read and write. 5．开放题。要求考生谈谈作者的故事如何激励自己克服生活中的困难，考生言之有理即可。故参考答案为We can overcome difficulties by practicing and not giving up. 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $