专题04 非谓语动词3 现在分词&过去分词（考点全解析）（暑假复习讲义）新高二英语外研版

专题04 非谓语动词3 现在分词&过去分词（考点全解析） 考点序号 考点聚焦 现在分词 考点一 现在分词的被动式、完成式和否定式 考点二 现在分词短语作定语 考点三 现在分词短语作表语 考点四 现在分词短语作补足语 考点五 现在分词短语作插入语 考点六 现在分词短语作状语 考点七 现在分词与状语从句的省略 过去分词 考点一 过去分词短语作定语 考点二 过去分词短语作表语 考点三 过去分词短语作补足语 考点四 过去分词短语作插入语 考点五 过去分词短语作状语 考点六 过去分词与状语从句的省略 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) 句法 结构 定语 developing country developed country 后置定语： 分词(短语)需要后置的情况有以下三种：a)分词短语作定语 b)被修饰词是不定代词c)被修饰词是指示代词those时。 The book written by him is very interesting. There is nothing exciting in his book. He is one of those invited. 状语 1.时间状语 Hearing the bell, the students went into the classroom  2.原因状语 Thinking he might be at home, I telephoned him. 3. 条件状语 Given another chance, I will do the job far better. 4.伴随状语 She sat in a sofa, watching TV. 5.方式状语 ( stand , go , come , sit ) He stood leaning against the wall 补语 分词作宾语补足语一般用于下列动词： 1.感官动词:see, hear, feel, notice, find, watch 2.使役动词:keep, make, get, catch, leave, set Note: 在感官动词后的宾语补足语既可以用现在分词也可以用不定式，但意义不同。 表语 The windows in the house are broken. 现在分词表示主语所具有的特征(exciting 令人兴奋的)，过去分词则表示所处的状态(excited 兴奋的)。 结构 现在分词的一般式 Walking along the road, he found a pen. 现在分词的完成式 Having finished the dinner, he went out for a walk. 现在分词一般式的被动语态 The question being discussed is very important. 现在分词完成式的被动语态 Having been shown around the museum, we went back to the hotel. 过去分词则表示已经完成或被动的意思。 Taken separately, the problems are not difficult to solve. 特殊 1) 构成独立主格结构。 Time permitting, we’ll have a short test. = (If time permits, ...) 2）独立成分：generally speaking (总的来说)， frankly speaking, judging from / by, considering (考虑到，就…而论)， talking about / of (说到…，谈到…) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 现在分词 考点一 现在分词的被动式、完成式和否定式 【知识精讲】 内容 主动 用法 否定式 not doing Not knowing his address, I couldn’t visit him. 因为不知道他的地址，我没法去拜访他。 一般式 doing He stormed out, slamming the door. 他气冲冲摔门而去。 被动式 being done Being treated in the hospital, he missed the exam. 由于正在医院接受治疗，他错过了考试。 完成式 having done Having read the book, he wrote a review. 读完这本书后，他写了一篇评论。  完成被动式 having been done Having been told the news, she burst into tears. 被告知那个消息后，她大哭起来。 考点二 现在分词短语作定语 【知识精讲】 1. 现在分词作定语，表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作，单个现在分词作前置定语。 The sleeping child is only five years old. 正在睡觉的孩子只有五岁。 We followed the winding path through the forest. 我们沿着蜿蜒的小路穿过森林。 2. 现在分词短语修饰名词作后置定语，表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。 The girl sitting by the window is my sister. 坐在窗边的女孩是我妹妹。 I know the boy playing football on the playground.我认识那个在操场上踢足球的男孩。 3. measure, weigh表示“测量起来……长”，“称起来……重”，作定语只能用现在分词形式。 We need a rope measuring at least 50 meters for this climbing task.这项攀爬任务需要一根至少 50 米长的绳子。 The box weighing 20 kilograms was too heavy for the child to carry.那个重 20 公斤的箱子太重了，孩子搬不动。 4. belong to属于, date from=date back to追溯到, consist of由……组成, arise from由……引起，take place举行, break out爆发, 等短语常用现在分词形式作定语。 We visited a temple dating from the Ming Dynasty during our trip.旅行中我们参观了一座始建于明代的寺庙。 The painting belonging to a private collector was exhibited last month.那位私人收藏家的画作上个月展出了。 5.易错提醒：having done不能作定语；being done作定语，表示一个被动的、正在进行的动作。 The experiment being conducted in the lab now requires careful observation.实验室里正在进行的实验需要仔细观察。 The novel being written by the famous author currently will be published next year.那位著名作家正在写的小说将于明年出版。 【巩固提升】 1．The monument (date) from the Qing Dynasty has become a local landmark. 2．The red rose (symbolize) love is often given on Valentine’s Day. 3．Many problems (arise) from the pandemic need to be solved as soon as possible. 4．The new book (lie) on the table belongs to Tom. 5．I can see the children (flatten) their noses against the window (watch) the (fall) snow outside. 考点三 现在分词短语作表语 【知识精讲】 1. 现在分词作表语，放在系动词之后，说明主语的身份、性质或情况，常翻译为“令人……”。 The idea sounds exciting. 这个主意听起来很令人兴奋。 The situation is becoming alarming.局势正变得令人担忧。 2. 过去分词作表语，表示“感到……”，主语多为人。 The tiger was frightening and he was too frightened to move. 老虎很可怕，他吓得不敢动了。 【巩固提升】 1．When I woke up and came out of the dormitory, he remained (stand) there. 2．It’s nine o’clock. He remains (sleep) in bed. 3．Despite its remarkable history, New York is a city with deep contradictions and deep inequality. You see poverty everywhere and the transport system is (crumble). There are tens of thousands of homeless people. 4．So he remained (stand) upright, and since he was tired, he yawned. 5．He remained (stand) beside the door. 考点四 现在分词短语作补足语 【知识精讲】 1.观感使役类动词接现在分词作宾补，表示与宾语之间主动关系。 (notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel)。 I noticed a group of children playing in the park.我注意到一群孩子正在公园里玩耍。 He felt his heart beating fast when he saw her.看到她时，他感觉自己的心跳得很快。 2. 现在分词用于“with+名词/代词+ doing”结构，表示与宾语之间主动关系。 We sat on the grass with children laughing around us.我们坐在草地上，孩子们在周围嬉笑着。 She stood there with tears rolling down her cheeks.她站在那里，眼泪顺着脸颊滚落。 3.易错提醒：上述结构用过去分词表示与宾语之间被动关系。 With the problem solved, we all felt a sense of relief.问题解决后，我们都松了一口气。 She couldn’t go to the party with her leg broken.因为腿断了，她不能去参加派对。 【巩固提升】 1．The teacher left the students (discuss) the topic in groups. 2．Seeing some students (pick) flowers in the garden, we reminded them to cherish plants. 3．When I traveled to the countryside, I found myself (chase) fireflies in the field with the local teenagers at midnight. 4．His account of events does not correspond hers. He said that he rushed out in a panic, leaving the water (run) in the sink and the breakfast (touch) on the table. 5．The teacher caught the boy (cheat) in the exam. 考点五 现在分词短语作插入语 【知识精讲】 现在分词短语作插入语时，通常与句子主体用逗号隔开，独立于句子的语法结构之外，用于补充说明说话人的态度、看法，或提供额外的背景信息、解释说明等。 frankly/honestly/strictly speaking 坦率地/如实地/严格地说 judging from/by根据…来判断 talking of 谈到 considering考虑到…… Honestly speaking, the movie wasn’t as good as I expected. 老实说，这部电影没我预期的那么好。 Judging from his accent, he must be from the south of China.从他的口音判断，他一定来自中国南方。 Talking of travel, have you been to Japan?说到旅行，你去过日本吗？ 【巩固提升】 1. Generally (speak), he is a talented student. 2. (judge) from your grades, you’ve been putting a lot of effort into your studies. 3. (judge) from the current situation, a new plan should be put forward as soon as possible. 考点六 现在分词短语作状语 【知识精讲】 1. 现在分词短语作状语用来修饰主句的动作或状态，通常表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式、结果等逻辑关系。其逻辑主语通常与主句的主语一致，且与主句之间常用逗号隔开。 Walking along the street, I met an old friend.在街上走的时候，我遇到了一位老朋友。 They walked in the park, talking and laughing.他们在公园里散步，有说有笑。 2. having done作状语，表示该动作早于谓语动词动作发生。 Having finished his homework, he started watching TV.完成作业后，他开始看电视。 Having lived in China for years, he still can’t speak Chinese well.虽然在中国住了多年，他还是说不好中文。 3.现在分词短语的否定式是在其前边加上否定词not。 Not knowing his address, I can’t send him the letter.由于不知道他的地址，我没法给他寄信。 Not having studied hard, he failed the final exam.因为没有努力学习，他期末考试没通过。 【巩固提升】 1． (scan) through thousands of books, the writer accumulated rich materials for his writing. 2． (see) that you’re busy, I won’t disturb you for long. 3． (see) that the coverage of the exhibition was not enough, the staff decided to add more lights to display the heavenly ceramics clearly. 4． (boast) about his academic achievements all the time, he often ignores others’ feelings. 5． (possess) strong communication skills, she is always popular among her colleagues. 考点七 现在分词与状语从句的省略 【知识精讲】 状语从句含有it is或者主从句主语一致且含有be动词时，省略主语和be动词。如果用“从属连词+现在分词”，强调从句谓语动词与句子主语之间的主动关系；“从属连词+过去分词”强调二者之间被动关系。 While (I am) studying, I always listen to light music. 学习时，我总听轻音乐。 When (he was) asked about the accident, he kept silent. ★易错提醒：before和after后接动词，只能接动名词作宾语。 He became more confident after winning the competition. 赢得比赛后，他变得更自信了。 The document needs to be reviewed before being submitted.文件在提交前需要审核。 【巩固提升】 1. When ____________ (serve) in the army during the Second World War, he carried six chapters of the book. 2. While ____________ (hike) in the mountains, they often stop to admire the scenery. 3. If ____________ (paint) green, the door might look more beautiful. 过去分词 考点一 过去分词短语作定语 【知识精讲】 1. 过去分词作定语，表示一个被动的、已经发生的动作，单个过去分词作前置定语。 The lost key was found under the sofa.那把丢失的钥匙在沙发下找到了。 I need to fix the broken window before it rains.我需要在下雨前修好那扇破窗户。 2. 过去分词短语修饰名词作后置定语，表示一个被动的、已经发生的动作。 The book written by my teacher became a bestseller.我老师写的那本书成了畅销书。 The project completed last month saved the company millions.上个月完成的项目为公司节省了数百万。 3. 易错提醒：现在分词作定语表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作；不定式作定语表示一个主动的、将要发生的动作。 The sleeping baby didn’t hear the doorbell.正在睡觉的宝宝没听见门铃声。 The rising sun brings hope to everyone.初升的太阳给每个人带来希望。 【巩固提升】 1．The (adopt) girl has lived happily with her adoptive parents since she was three. 2．The athlete, (ban) from competing in international games for doping, regretted his wrong choice deeply. 3．The new evidence (add) to the case by the detective helped solve the mystery quickly. 4．The recycling bins (place) in every corner of the campus are convenient for students to sort waste. 5．A balanced diet, (combine) with regular exercise, helps maintain good health. 考点二 过去分词短语作表语 【知识精讲】 1. 过去分词作表语，表示“感到……”，主语多为人。 They got discouraged when they failed again.再次失败时，他们感到沮丧。 The children were excited about the upcoming trip.孩子们对即将到来的旅行感到兴奋。 2. 易错提醒：现在分词作表语，放在系动词之后，说明主语的身份、性质或情况，常翻译为“令人……”。 Her story sounds interesting, so I’ll listen carefully.她的故事听起来很有趣，我会仔细听。 The math problem seems confusing to most students.这道数学题对大多数学生来说显得复杂。 【巩固提升】 1．It’s important to get (prepare) not just for success but also for possible failures. 2．He felt (stress out) about the tough work, so he decided to go hiking on weekends for relaxation. 3．Getting increasingly (absorb) in the novel, he didn’t realize it was midnight. 4．She felt (entitle) to express her opinion about the festival arrangements. 5．Every participant is (entitle) to a free gift at the end of the celebration. 考点三 过去分词短语作补足语 【知识精讲】 1.观感使役类动词接过去分词作补足语，表示与宾语之间被动关系。 (notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel)。 He felt his shoulder touched by someone.他感觉肩膀被人碰了一下。 They watched the house built from start to finish.他们看着房子从始至终被建成。 2.过去分词用于“with+名词/代词+ done”结构，表示与宾语之间被动关系。有时，该结构省略介词with，形成“名词/代词+ done”独立主格结构。 With the problem solved, we all felt relieved.问题解决了，我们都松了口气。 She stood there, her hands folded in front of her.她站在那里，双手交叉在身前。 3.易错提醒：with复合结构中动词不定式表示将要发生的动作；现在分词表示一个主动动作。 With a meeting to attend, he left in a hurry.有一场会议要参加，他匆匆离开了。 With the baby crying, they couldn’t enjoy the movie.宝宝在哭，他们无法好好看电影。 【巩固提升】 1．Though time is limited, I think I’ll get the work (finish) on time. 2．With the plan carefully and all details checked, the team was ready to carry it out immediately. (polish) 3．With his mind (fix) on the things not related to his studies, his marks have fallen rapidly. 4．That left a house still (stuff) with things that, while not particularly valuable, didn’t belong in a landfill (垃圾填埋场). 5．The following day, called to the headmaster’s office, I found myself (accuse) of stealing the missing parts. 考点四 过去分词短语作插入语 【知识精讲】 过去分词短语作插入语时，通常与句子主体用逗号隔开，独立于句子的语法结构之外，用于补充说明说话人的态度、看法，或提供额外的背景信息、解释说明等。 Compared with/to…用作插入语，表示“与……相比”，这时to和with均可。 Compared with last year, this project is more complex. 与去年相比，这个项目更复杂。 Given (that) …意为“考虑到，鉴于”，后接从句。 Given their experience, the task should be manageable.鉴于他们的经验，任务应该可行。 Provided (that) …意为“假如，如果”，后接从句。 Provided (that)the data is accurate, our conclusion is valid.假设数据准确，我们的结论成立。 【巩固提升】 1. ___________ (compare) with the former two kinds, individual sports, such as swimming and jogging, are the least attractive to the students. 2. ___________ (judge) as a responsible person, Tom was elected as monitor of the class. 3. ___________ (judge) from the book I have read, I think he is a very promising writer. 考点五 过去分词短语作状语 【知识精讲】 1. 过去分词作状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语,用作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状语，强调该动作与句子主语之间的被动关系。 Surprised by the noise, the baby started to cry.因被噪音吓到，宝宝开始哭。 She walked out of the room, followed by her dog.她走出房间，后面跟着她的狗。 2.“be+过去分词+介词”短语作状语时，be动词省略，直接用过去分词作状语。 “be+过去分词+in”类短语：be lost in陷入, be located in坐落在, be occupied in专心于, be absorbed in专心致志于, be stuck in被困在, be trapped in被困在, be involved in参与, be buried in埋头于, be dressed in穿着… “be+过去分词+with”类短语：be satisfied with对…… 满意, be equipped with配备有, be loaded with装载着, be burdened with负担着, be faced with面临着… “be+过去分词+to”类短语：be accustomed to习惯于, be addicted to沉迷于, be devoted/committed to致力于, be exposed to暴露于, be used to习惯余… Absorbed in painting, he spent the whole afternoon in the studio.他全神贯注于绘画，在画室里度过了整个下午。 Faced with the emergency, she immediately called for help.面对紧急情况，她立刻呼救。 Exposed to loud noise daily, workers here often have hearing problems.每天暴露在噪音中，这里的工人常出现听力问题。 【巩固提升】 1． (expose) to sunlight for too long, the ancient manuscripts have become seriously faded and fragile. 2．Personal anger and stress are nothing (compare) to the real costs socially. 3． (expose) to different cultures from childhood, she has a more open attitude towards new things. 4． (adopt) by a kind couple when she was a baby, the girl has grown up in a warm and loving family. 5． (qualify) as a senior translator, he was invited to participate in the international business negotiation. 考点六 过去分词与状语从句的省略 【知识精讲】 状语从句含有it is或者主从句主语一致且含有be动词时，省略主语和be动词。如果用“从属连词+现在分词”，强调从句谓语动词与句子主语之间的主动关系；“从属连词+过去分词”强调二者之间被动关系。 When (I was) walking in the park, I found a lost cat. 在公园散步时，我发现了一只迷路的猫。 Unless (it is) repaired immediately, the machine may break down. 除非立即被修理，否则机器可能故障。 Although (they were) warned of the danger, they still went hiking. 虽然被警告有危险，他们仍去徒步了。 They had a short discussion before making the final decision.做最终决定前，他们进行了简短讨论。 After finishing his homework, he went out to play.完成作业后，他出去玩了。 The contract will be signed by both parties before being made public.这份合同在被公开之前将由双方签署。 【巩固提升】 1. If (invite), she will dress up and attend the wedding. 2. Although (offer) the vaccine for free, some people cannot receive it for physical reasons. 3. When (equip) with new scientific farming methods, farmers can use less farmland to produce more. 4. While (hike) in the mountains, they often stop to admire the scenery. 一．单句语法填空 1． (vary) his teaching methods many times, the teacher finally found the most suitable one for his students. 2． (cooperate) with the research team for years, he gained rich experience in data analysis. 3． (devote) years to medical research, the doctor finally developed a new treatment. 4． (participate) in many races, he is quite experienced. 5． (face) challenges, he struggled to complete the seemingly impossible task. 6．He is sweating in the gym (build) his strength, while I am lying on the sofa (eat) snacks and (follow) my favorite hit drama. 7． (add) up all the donations from the community, they finally reached a sum that adds up to over 100,000 yuan for the disaster-stricken area. 8．The student (interview) by the school radio presently is the initiator of the “No Plastic” activity. 9．The path (bend) through the forest is the shortcut to the village. 10．With a heavy workload piling up, she found her concentration (distract) easily by the slightest noise outside the window. 11． (anticipate) to be a hit, the new movie has already sold thousands of advance tickets. 12． (impress) by her dedication, the manager offered her a promotion immediately. 13． (devote) to environmental protection, she has organized many volunteer activities. 14． (face) with difficulties, they never gave up. 15．The little boy stared at the math problem, (puzzle) by the complicated calculation steps. 16．The school has the old classroom windows (replace) with energy-saving ones to reduce electricity use. 17． (alert) by the chorus downstairs, he woke up and turned on the light. 18．One night, she wandered around the old town, she found herself (surround) by several curious kids who kept asking about her city life. 19．​ (fascinate) by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City, she decided to move to Beijing. 20． (compare) with the old house, the new one is much brighter. 二．语法填空 A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Bird-watching has been included in a public benefit program “Park Classes” in Wuhan schools. 1 (bury) in books and having little access to the outside world, many students don’t have the 2 (little) idea of what nature really is. This program is designed 3 (raise) the awareness of environmental protection among school kids, who often feel greatly refreshed by 4 (appreciate) the grace of adorable creatures through cameras. Among the selective courses 5 (be) the restoration of small and micro wetlands. As for this course, 6 is needed is a lot of hands-on practice. Under the 7 (guide) of their teachers, students are required to conduct research on a 500-square-meter wetland in the city parks. Focusing their attention 8 the wetland’s physical condition, they have recorded the number of plant and animal species to create a restoration plan. Thanks to their efforts, the biodiversity of the wetland has been 9 (significant) improved. “It’s very meaningful,” said Li Chenliang, 10 eighth grader from this project. “I have gained a lot of knowledge that cannot be directly got from books. I should make full use of the city’s ecological advantages and get more chances to get closer to nature.” B 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Location is a factor that cannot 1 (ignore) when choosing a university. Some people like the 2 (convenient) of big cities, while others like the tranquility (宁静) of a smaller college town. If students choose to study abroad, is it important to choose a big city? Before answering the question, let’s take a look at students 3 (study) in China. Many students prefer big cities, like Beijing or Shanghai, 4 they can get almost anywhere they need to be with convenient transportation. They can easily access museums, concerts, theaters and 5 (culture) events almost all of the time. However, students who study in big cities will 6 (typical) face a higher cost of living. Even though there are more opportunities 7 (go) out and do fun things in the city, it may take focus 8 from your studies. That might be part of the reason why many students prefer a college in a small town. Besides the lower cost of living and fewer distractions, there’s 9 closer feeling of community among students. So when choosing the location of your future university, consider your own preferences, your personal needs and career goals — then you 10 (find) the best option for you. C 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For people in Yunnan Province, wild mushrooms are more than daily food. They are deeply rooted in local culture. During the mushroom season, collecting and cooking mushrooms 1 (regard) as a meaningful experience. Zhang Yunjia, a 33-year-old chef from Yunnan, hopes to bring this experience to diners in Beijing. At her restaurant, Under Clouds Green, Zhang has created a seasonal menu 2 (inspire) by autumn. She cautiously chooses wild mushrooms from Yunnan and fresh organic vegetables from farms near Beijing, which help her dishes show the beauty of the season and leave diners with a gentle memory of fall. What 3 (make) Zhang’s cooking stand out is not only its taste but its artistic design. Some dishes allow guests to spread colorful mushroom sauces like 4 (paint) a picture, while others look like small gardens, making diners feel as if they are eating in nature. Every detail shows Zhang’s imagination and love for her work. The flavors of her food remind people 5 traditional Yunnan cooking. Light soups and simple side dishes bring warmth and comfort, while the 6 (care) presentation shows her respect for each ingredient. Many of her ideas can be traced back to her childhood memories in Yunnan, 7 stir-fried mushrooms, rice noodles and soft rice cakes were part of everyday life. Zhang believes that 8 uniqueness of Yunnan cuisine lies in the rich 9 (diverse) of its ingredients and spices. Through her cooking, she hopes that diners can 10 (true) experience the spirit and flavor of Yunnan with every bite. D 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The National Ballet of China staged a production of Guo Nian, the Chinese version of Tchaikovsky’s The Nutcracker, at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington between January 29th and February 2nd, with seven shows 1 (celebrate) Chinese New Year. This adaptation moves the story from its traditional Christmas setting to the Spring Festival, 2 time of family reunions, integrating elements like the 12 animals of the Chinese zodiac. The ballet keeps Tchaikovsky’s 3 (origin) score while weaving in typically Chinese cultural symbols such as paper fans, porcelain, and firecrackers, 4 (complete) absorbing the audience in the atmosphere of the Spring Festival. Star dancers Fang Mengying, Zhou Yue and Chang Sinuo 5 (take) on leading roles, attracting both locals and visitors alike. Under conductor Zhang Yi, the symphony orchestra provided an attractive musical backdrop, 6 strengthened the narrative (叙述) of love, magic and tradition. Artistic director Feng Ying emphasized the 7 (significant) of these performances as UNESCO put the Spring Festival on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity last year, in recognition of 8 (it) growing global appeal. These shows not only celebrate Chinese culture 9 promote cross-cultural understanding. Through dance, music, and storytelling, the National Ballet of China has bridged two worlds, offering an insight into the heart of Chinese celebrations and traditions. The success of Guo Nian underlines the increasing international recognition of Chinese cultural traditions, paving (铺) the way for even 10 (great) cultural exchange. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 非谓语动词3 现在分词&过去分词（考点全解析） 考点序号 考点聚焦 现在分词 考点一 现在分词的被动式、完成式和否定式 考点二 现在分词短语作定语 考点三 现在分词短语作表语 考点四 现在分词短语作补足语 考点五 现在分词短语作插入语 考点六 现在分词短语作状语 考点七 现在分词与状语从句的省略 过去分词 考点一 过去分词短语作定语 考点二 过去分词短语作表语 考点三 过去分词短语作补足语 考点四 过去分词短语作插入语 考点五 过去分词短语作状语 考点六 过去分词与状语从句的省略 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) 句法 结构 定语 developing country developed country 后置定语： 分词(短语)需要后置的情况有以下三种：a)分词短语作定语 b)被修饰词是不定代词c)被修饰词是指示代词those时。 The book written by him is very interesting. There is nothing exciting in his book. He is one of those invited. 状语 1.时间状语 Hearing the bell, the students went into the classroom  2.原因状语 Thinking he might be at home, I telephoned him. 3. 条件状语 Given another chance, I will do the job far better. 4.伴随状语 She sat in a sofa, watching TV. 5.方式状语 ( stand , go , come , sit ) He stood leaning against the wall 补语 分词作宾语补足语一般用于下列动词： 1.感官动词:see, hear, feel, notice, find, watch 2.使役动词:keep, make, get, catch, leave, set Note: 在感官动词后的宾语补足语既可以用现在分词也可以用不定式，但意义不同。 表语 The windows in the house are broken. 现在分词表示主语所具有的特征(exciting 令人兴奋的)，过去分词则表示所处的状态(excited 兴奋的)。 结构 现在分词的一般式 Walking along the road, he found a pen. 现在分词的完成式 Having finished the dinner, he went out for a walk. 现在分词一般式的被动语态 The question being discussed is very important. 现在分词完成式的被动语态 Having been shown around the museum, we went back to the hotel. 过去分词则表示已经完成或被动的意思。 Taken separately, the problems are not difficult to solve. 特殊 1) 构成独立主格结构。 Time permitting, we’ll have a short test. = (If time permits, ...) 2）独立成分：generally speaking (总的来说)， frankly speaking, judging from / by, considering (考虑到，就…而论)， talking about / of (说到…，谈到…) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 现在分词 考点一 现在分词的被动式、完成式和否定式 【知识精讲】 内容 主动 用法 否定式 not doing Not knowing his address, I couldn’t visit him. 因为不知道他的地址，我没法去拜访他。 一般式 doing He stormed out, slamming the door. 他气冲冲摔门而去。 被动式 being done Being treated in the hospital, he missed the exam. 由于正在医院接受治疗，他错过了考试。 完成式 having done Having read the book, he wrote a review. 读完这本书后，他写了一篇评论。  完成被动式 having been done Having been told the news, she burst into tears. 被告知那个消息后，她大哭起来。 考点二 现在分词短语作定语 【知识精讲】 1. 现在分词作定语，表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作，单个现在分词作前置定语。 The sleeping child is only five years old. 正在睡觉的孩子只有五岁。 We followed the winding path through the forest. 我们沿着蜿蜒的小路穿过森林。 2. 现在分词短语修饰名词作后置定语，表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。 The girl sitting by the window is my sister. 坐在窗边的女孩是我妹妹。 I know the boy playing football on the playground.我认识那个在操场上踢足球的男孩。 3. measure, weigh表示“测量起来……长”，“称起来……重”，作定语只能用现在分词形式。 We need a rope measuring at least 50 meters for this climbing task.这项攀爬任务需要一根至少 50 米长的绳子。 The box weighing 20 kilograms was too heavy for the child to carry.那个重 20 公斤的箱子太重了，孩子搬不动。 4. belong to属于, date from=date back to追溯到, consist of由……组成, arise from由……引起，take place举行, break out爆发, 等短语常用现在分词形式作定语。 We visited a temple dating from the Ming Dynasty during our trip.旅行中我们参观了一座始建于明代的寺庙。 The painting belonging to a private collector was exhibited last month.那位私人收藏家的画作上个月展出了。 5.易错提醒：having done不能作定语；being done作定语，表示一个被动的、正在进行的动作。 The experiment being conducted in the lab now requires careful observation.实验室里正在进行的实验需要仔细观察。 The novel being written by the famous author currently will be published next year.那位著名作家正在写的小说将于明年出版。 【巩固提升】 1．The monument (date) from the Qing Dynasty has become a local landmark. 【答案】dating 【详解】句意：这座始建于清朝的纪念碑已然成为当地地标。句中有谓语has become，________(date) from the Qing Dynasty作后置定语修饰名词The monument，与The monument之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，要用现在分词形式dating。 2．The red rose (symbolize) love is often given on Valentine’s Day. 【答案】symbolizing 【详解】句意：象征爱情的红玫瑰常在情人节被赠送。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语，rose与symbolize为逻辑主动关系，应用现在分词symbolizing作后置定语。 3．Many problems (arise) from the pandemic need to be solved as soon as possible. 【答案】arising 【详解】句意：许多由疫情引发的问题需要尽快解决。句中已有谓语动词need，故arise需用非谓语形式。problems与arise之间为主动关系，因此用现在分词短语arising from the pandemic作后置定语，修饰Many problems。 4．The new book (lie) on the table belongs to Tom. 【答案】lying 【详解】句意：桌上这本新书是汤姆的。本句已有谓语动词belongs，空处需要填非谓语动词，作后置定语修饰主语The new book，lie与逻辑主语The new book是主动关系，用现在分词形式lying。 5．I can see the children (flatten) their noses against the window (watch) the (fall) snow outside. 【答案】 flattening to watch falling 【详解】句意：我能看到孩子们把鼻子贴在窗户上，看着外面正在下的雪。see sb. doing sth./意为“看到某人正在做某事”，flatten与children之间为主动关系，用现在分词flattening作宾语补足语。孩子们把鼻子贴在窗户上的目的是看外面的雪，故用不定式to watch，作目的状语。fall与snow之间为主动关系，且表示雪正在下，故用现在分词falling，作前置定语，修饰snow。 考点三 现在分词短语作表语 【知识精讲】 1. 现在分词作表语，放在系动词之后，说明主语的身份、性质或情况，常翻译为“令人……”。 The idea sounds exciting. 这个主意听起来很令人兴奋。 The situation is becoming alarming.局势正变得令人担忧。 2. 过去分词作表语，表示“感到……”，主语多为人。 The tiger was frightening and he was too frightened to move. 老虎很可怕，他吓得不敢动了。 【巩固提升】 1．When I woke up and came out of the dormitory, he remained (stand) there. 【答案】standing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我醒来并走出宿舍时，他仍然站在那里。本句谓语为remained，此处为非谓语动词，remain doing sth.“一直保持做某事的状态”，本空用现在分词，作表语，stand的现在分词形式为standing。故填standing。 2．It’s nine o’clock. He remains (sleep) in bed. 【答案】sleeping 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：九点了，他还躺在床上睡着，remain doing sth.表示“仍在做某事”。强调持续睡觉这个动作，故填sleeping。 3．Despite its remarkable history, New York is a city with deep contradictions and deep inequality. You see poverty everywhere and the transport system is (crumble). There are tens of thousands of homeless people. 【答案】crumbling 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管有着辉煌的历史，纽约却是一座充满深刻矛盾和严重不平等的城市。你到处都能看到贫困，交通系统也摇摇欲坠。有数以万计的无家可归者。分析句子可知，设空处应填现在分词crumbling作表语，此处现在分词具有形容词性质，结合句意“摇摇欲坠的”是crumbling，符合语境。故填crumbling。 4．So he remained (stand) upright, and since he was tired, he yawned. 【答案】standing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：于是他依旧笔直地站着，由于疲惫不堪，他打了个哈欠。此处现在分词作表语，强调动作的持续性。故填standing。 5．He remained (stand) beside the door. 【答案】standing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他仍然站在桌子旁边。根据固定搭配remain doing“保持；依然”，可知，此处用现在分词作表语，故填standing。 考点四 现在分词短语作补足语 【知识精讲】 1.观感使役类动词接现在分词作宾补，表示与宾语之间主动关系。 (notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel)。 I noticed a group of children playing in the park.我注意到一群孩子正在公园里玩耍。 He felt his heart beating fast when he saw her.看到她时，他感觉自己的心跳得很快。 2. 现在分词用于“with+名词/代词+ doing”结构，表示与宾语之间主动关系。 We sat on the grass with children laughing around us.我们坐在草地上，孩子们在周围嬉笑着。 She stood there with tears rolling down her cheeks.她站在那里，眼泪顺着脸颊滚落。 3.易错提醒：上述结构用过去分词表示与宾语之间被动关系。 With the problem solved, we all felt a sense of relief.问题解决后，我们都松了一口气。 She couldn’t go to the party with her leg broken.因为腿断了，她不能去参加派对。 【巩固提升】 1．The teacher left the students (discuss) the topic in groups. 【答案】discussing 【详解】句意：老师让学生分组讨论这个主题。此处在句中作宾补，宾语为students，与discuss之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词discussing作宾语补足语。 2．Seeing some students (pick) flowers in the garden, we reminded them to cherish plants. 【答案】picking 【详解】句意：看到一些学生正在花园里摘花，我们提醒他们要爱护植物。see sb. doing sth.意为“看到某人正在做某事”，pick与students之间为主动关系，且表示动作正在进行，故用现在分词picking作宾语补足语。 3．When I traveled to the countryside, I found myself (chase) fireflies in the field with the local teenagers at midnight. 【答案】chasing 【详解】句意：下乡游玩时，午夜时分我竟和当地少年在田野里追逐萤火虫。此处为“find+宾语+宾补”结构，动词chase与宾语之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词chasing作宾补。 4．His account of events does not correspond hers. He said that he rushed out in a panic, leaving the water (run) in the sink and the breakfast (touch) on the table. 【答案】 with/to running untouched 【详解】句意：他对事情的描述与她的描述并不一致。他说自己惊慌失措地冲了出去，水槽里的水还在流淌着，而餐桌上的早餐也未被动过。第一空处动词短语correspond with/to意为“与……一致/符合”符合句意，应填介词with/to；第二空所给动词run在句中作宾语补足语，与宾语water为主动关系，应使用其现在分词形式；第三空所给动词touch作宾语补足语修饰宾语breakfast，根据上文他是惊慌失措跑出去的，没有来得及关水龙头，应该也没吃早餐，形容词untouched意为“未被动过的”符合题意。 5．The teacher caught the boy (cheat) in the exam. 【答案】cheating 【详解】句意：老师抓住那个男孩在考试中作弊。catch sb. doing sth.是固定结构，意为“抓住某人正在做某事”，现在分词cheating作宾语the boy的补足语，表示当时男孩正在进行的作弊行为。 考点五 现在分词短语作插入语 【知识精讲】 现在分词短语作插入语时，通常与句子主体用逗号隔开，独立于句子的语法结构之外，用于补充说明说话人的态度、看法，或提供额外的背景信息、解释说明等。 frankly/honestly/strictly speaking 坦率地/如实地/严格地说 judging from/by根据…来判断 talking of 谈到 considering考虑到…… Honestly speaking, the movie wasn’t as good as I expected. 老实说，这部电影没我预期的那么好。 Judging from his accent, he must be from the south of China.从他的口音判断，他一定来自中国南方。 Talking of travel, have you been to Japan?说到旅行，你去过日本吗？ 【巩固提升】 1. Generally (speak), he is a talented student. 【答案】speaking 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：一般来说，他是个有天赋的学生。根据空前“Generally”可知此处为短语“generally speaking”，表示“一般来说”，应填speak的现在分词形式。故填speaking。 2. (judge) from your grades, you’ve been putting a lot of effort into your studies. 【答案】Judging 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从你的成绩来看，你在学习上付出了很多努力。judging from是固定短语，意为“根据……判断”，在句中作独立成分，作状语，不受句子主语和时态的影响，无论主语是什么，都用judging from的形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Judging。 3. (judge) from the current situation, a new plan should be put forward as soon as possible. 【答案】Judging 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从目前的情况来看，应该尽快提出新的计划。judging from为独立成分，是一种固定的搭配形式，意为“根据……来判断”或“由……来判定”。judging位于句首，首字母大写。故填Judging。 考点六 现在分词短语作状语 【知识精讲】 1. 现在分词短语作状语用来修饰主句的动作或状态，通常表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式、结果等逻辑关系。其逻辑主语通常与主句的主语一致，且与主句之间常用逗号隔开。 Walking along the street, I met an old friend.在街上走的时候，我遇到了一位老朋友。 They walked in the park, talking and laughing.他们在公园里散步，有说有笑。 2. having done作状语，表示该动作早于谓语动词动作发生。 Having finished his homework, he started watching TV.完成作业后，他开始看电视。 Having lived in China for years, he still can’t speak Chinese well.虽然在中国住了多年，他还是说不好中文。 3.现在分词短语的否定式是在其前边加上否定词not。 Not knowing his address, I can’t send him the letter.由于不知道他的地址，我没法给他寄信。 Not having studied hard, he failed the final exam.因为没有努力学习，他期末考试没通过。 【巩固提升】 1． (scan) through thousands of books, the writer accumulated rich materials for his writing. 【答案】Having scanned 【详解】句意：浏览了数千本书籍，这位作家积累了大量用于写作的素材。此处scan与writer为主动关系，且先于谓语动词完成，故用having done形式，首字母大写。 2． (see) that you’re busy, I won’t disturb you for long. 【答案】Seeing 【详解】句意：看到你很忙，我就不打扰你太久了。此处为现在分词作原因状语结构，逻辑主语I与动词see之间为主动关系，应用现在分词seeing，表“我看到你很忙”，作原因状语，首字母大写。 3． (see) that the coverage of the exhibition was not enough, the staff decided to add more lights to display the heavenly ceramics clearly. 【答案】Seeing 【详解】句意：由于展会灯光覆盖不足，工作人员决定增加灯光，清晰展示天宫陶瓷展品。此处为现在分词作原因状语结构，逻辑主语 the staff（工作人员）与动词see之间为主动关系，应用现在分词seeing，表“工作人员看到……”，作原因状语，注意首字母大写。 4． (boast) about his academic achievements all the time, he often ignores others’ feelings. 【答案】Boasting 【详解】句意：整天吹嘘自己的学业成就，他经常忽视他人的感受。此处为非谓语作状语，主语he与boast之间为主动关系，需用现在分词形式，句首单词首字母需大写。 5． (possess) strong communication skills, she is always popular among her colleagues. 【答案】Possessing 【详解】句意：由于拥有很强的沟通能力，她在同事中总是很受欢迎。句中已有谓语动词“is”，因此“possess”需用非谓语形式。逻辑主语“she”与“possess”之间为主动关系，故使用现在分词短语“Possessing strong communication skills”作状语。句首单词首字母大写。 考点七 现在分词与状语从句的省略 【知识精讲】 状语从句含有it is或者主从句主语一致且含有be动词时，省略主语和be动词。如果用“从属连词+现在分词”，强调从句谓语动词与句子主语之间的主动关系；“从属连词+过去分词”强调二者之间被动关系。 While (I am) studying, I always listen to light music. 学习时，我总听轻音乐。 When (he was) asked about the accident, he kept silent. ★易错提醒：before和after后接动词，只能接动名词作宾语。 He became more confident after winning the competition. 赢得比赛后，他变得更自信了。 The document needs to be reviewed before being submitted.文件在提交前需要审核。 【巩固提升】 1. When ____________ (serve) in the army during the Second World War, he carried six chapters of the book. 【答案】serving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在第二次世界大战期间服役时，他随身携带了这本书的六章内容。空处应填非谓语动词和when构成时间状语，逻辑主语he和serve之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填serving。 2. While ____________ (hike) in the mountains, they often stop to admire the scenery. 【答案】hiking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在山区徒步旅行时，他们经常停下来欣赏风景。句子主语“they”和动词“hike”之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式hiking。故填hiking。 3. If ____________ (paint) green, the door might look more beautiful. 【答案】painted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果把这扇门漆成绿色，它可能会看起来更美观一些。此处为条件状语从句中的省略，从句主语和主句主语一致，且paint与door构成被动关系，所以此处省略了“主语+be动词”，此处用paint的过去分词形式。故填painted。 过去分词 考点一 过去分词短语作定语 【知识精讲】 1. 过去分词作定语，表示一个被动的、已经发生的动作，单个过去分词作前置定语。 The lost key was found under the sofa.那把丢失的钥匙在沙发下找到了。 I need to fix the broken window before it rains.我需要在下雨前修好那扇破窗户。 2. 过去分词短语修饰名词作后置定语，表示一个被动的、已经发生的动作。 The book written by my teacher became a bestseller.我老师写的那本书成了畅销书。 The project completed last month saved the company millions.上个月完成的项目为公司节省了数百万。 3. 易错提醒：现在分词作定语表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作；不定式作定语表示一个主动的、将要发生的动作。 The sleeping baby didn’t hear the doorbell.正在睡觉的宝宝没听见门铃声。 The rising sun brings hope to everyone.初升的太阳给每个人带来希望。 【巩固提升】 1．The (adopt) girl has lived happily with her adoptive parents since she was three. 【答案】adopted 【详解】句意：这个被收养的女孩自从三岁起就和她的养父母幸福地生活在一起。本空修饰名词girl，girl与adopt之间为被动关系，用过去分词adopted作定语。 2．The athlete, (ban) from competing in international games for doping, regretted his wrong choice deeply. 【答案】banned 【详解】句意：这名因服用兴奋剂被禁止参加国际赛事的运动员，对自己错误的选择深感悔恨。本句谓语为regretted，空处用非谓语动词。主语The athlete和动词ban是被动关系，且动作已完成，因此用过去分词banned表被动和完成，作后置定语。 3．The new evidence (add) to the case by the detective helped solve the mystery quickly. 【答案】added 【详解】句意：侦探添加到案件中的新证据帮助迅速解决了这个谜题。本句谓语为helped，此处为非谓语动词，且the new evidence与add“添加”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，修饰the new evidence。 4．The recycling bins (place) in every corner of the campus are convenient for students to sort waste. 【答案】placed 【详解】句意：放置在校园每个角落的回收箱方便学生分类垃圾。本句谓语为are，此处为非谓语动词，且the recycling bins与place“放置”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，修饰the recycling bins。 5．A balanced diet, (combine) with regular exercise, helps maintain good health. 【答案】combined 【详解】句意：均衡的饮食与定期锻炼相结合有助于保持健康。句子谓语动词是helps，combine用非谓语动词形式，作定语，combine A with B是固定短语，表示“把A与B结合在一起”，combine与diet是被动关系，故用过去分词combined。 考点二 过去分词短语作表语 【知识精讲】 1. 过去分词作表语，表示“感到……”，主语多为人。 They got discouraged when they failed again.再次失败时，他们感到沮丧。 The children were excited about the upcoming trip.孩子们对即将到来的旅行感到兴奋。 2. 易错提醒：现在分词作表语，放在系动词之后，说明主语的身份、性质或情况，常翻译为“令人……”。 Her story sounds interesting, so I’ll listen carefully.她的故事听起来很有趣，我会仔细听。 The math problem seems confusing to most students.这道数学题对大多数学生来说显得复杂。 【巩固提升】 1．It’s important to get (prepare) not just for success but also for possible failures. 【答案】prepared 【详解】句意：既要为成功做好准备，也要为可能的失败做好准备，这一点很重要。此处考查固定搭配get prepared for，表示“为……做好准备”，符合语境。 2．He felt (stress out) about the tough work, so he decided to go hiking on weekends for relaxation. 【答案】stressed out 【详解】句意：繁重的工作让他倍感压力，于是他决定周末去徒步放松一下。felt是系动词feel的过去式，后接形容词化的过去分词作表语，描述主语He的感受，feel stressed out为固定搭配，意为“感到压力重重、身心疲惫”。 3．Getting increasingly (absorb) in the novel, he didn’t realize it was midnight. 【答案】absorbed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：越来越沉浸在小说中，他没有意识到已经是午夜了。固定搭配be/get absorbed in意为“全神贯注于，沉浸于”，过去分词作表语，已转化为形容词。故填absorbed。 4．She felt (entitle) to express her opinion about the festival arrangements. 【答案】entitled 【详解】句意：她觉得自己有权对节日安排发表意见。本句中felt是系动词feel的过去式，空处作表语。entitle意为“使享有权利”，和主语She之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词entitled。 5．Every participant is (entitle) to a free gift at the end of the celebration. 【答案】entitled 【详解】句意：庆典结束时，每位参与者都可获得一份免费礼物。固定搭配 be entitled to 为固定短语，意为“有权享有；有资格得到”，所以填 entitled。 考点三 过去分词短语作补足语 【知识精讲】 1.观感使役类动词接过去分词作补足语，表示与宾语之间被动关系。 (notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel)。 He felt his shoulder touched by someone.他感觉肩膀被人碰了一下。 They watched the house built from start to finish.他们看着房子从始至终被建成。 2.过去分词用于“with+名词/代词+ done”结构，表示与宾语之间被动关系。有时，该结构省略介词with，形成“名词/代词+ done”独立主格结构。 With the problem solved, we all felt relieved.问题解决了，我们都松了口气。 She stood there, her hands folded in front of her.她站在那里，双手交叉在身前。 3.易错提醒：with复合结构中动词不定式表示将要发生的动作；现在分词表示一个主动动作。 With a meeting to attend, he left in a hurry.有一场会议要参加，他匆匆离开了。 With the baby crying, they couldn’t enjoy the movie.宝宝在哭，他们无法好好看电影。 【巩固提升】 1．Though time is limited, I think I’ll get the work (finish) on time. 【答案】finished 【详解】句意：虽然时间有限，但我认为我能按时完成这项工作。分析句子可知，此处为固定搭配 get sth. done 表示“使某事被完成”，work与 finish为被动关系，故填过去分词finished。 2．With the plan carefully and all details checked, the team was ready to carry it out immediately. (polish) 【答案】polished 【详解】句意：计划经过精心完善、所有细节全部核查完毕，团队准备立刻执行该方案。“with+宾语+宾补”为固定结构，plan与polish“改进，使完美”之间是被动关系，故用过去分词polished作宾语补足语。 3．With his mind (fix) on the things not related to his studies, his marks have fallen rapidly. 【答案】fixed 【详解】句意：由于他心思总集中在与学习无关的事情上，他的成绩下滑得很快。空处在with复合结构中作宾补，fix和宾语mind是被动关系，应用过去分词fixed。 4．That left a house still (stuff) with things that, while not particularly valuable, didn’t belong in a landfill (垃圾填埋场). 【答案】stuffed 【详解】句意：那所房子里仍然堆满了东西，这些东西虽然不是特别值钱，但也不应该被扔进垃圾填埋场。leave sth. done是固定搭配，意为“使某物处于某种状态”，a  house与stuff为被动关系，用过去分词stuffed，作宾补。 5．The following day, called to the headmaster’s office, I found myself (accuse) of stealing the missing parts. 【答案】accused 【详解】句意：第二天，我被叫到校长办公室，发现自己被指控偷窃那些丢失的零件。句中已有谓语动词found，故空处需填非谓语动词，myself与accuse (指控)之间是被动关系，用过去分词accused作宾补。 考点四 过去分词短语作插入语 【知识精讲】 过去分词短语作插入语时，通常与句子主体用逗号隔开，独立于句子的语法结构之外，用于补充说明说话人的态度、看法，或提供额外的背景信息、解释说明等。 Compared with/to…用作插入语，表示“与……相比”，这时to和with均可。 Compared with last year, this project is more complex. 与去年相比，这个项目更复杂。 Given (that) …意为“考虑到，鉴于”，后接从句。 Given their experience, the task should be manageable.鉴于他们的经验，任务应该可行。 Provided (that) …意为“假如，如果”，后接从句。 Provided (that)the data is accurate, our conclusion is valid.假设数据准确，我们的结论成立。 【巩固提升】 1. ___________ (compare) with the former two kinds, individual sports, such as swimming and jogging, are the least attractive to the students. 【答案】 Compared 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与前两种集体运动（如游泳和慢跑）相比，个人运动（如跑步和骑自行车）对学生的吸引力最小。短语be compared with表示“和……比较”，过去分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Compared。 2. ___________ (judge) as a responsible person, Tom was elected as monitor of the class. 【答案】Judged 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：汤姆被认为是一个负责任的人，因此被选为班长。此处为非谓语动词作状语，judge与逻辑主语Tom之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Judged。 3. ___________ (judge) from the book I have read, I think he is a very promising writer. 【答案】Judging 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：从我读过的书来看，我认为他是一个很有前途的作家。此处为固定短语judging from意为“从……判断”，现在分词形作状语，为独立结构，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Judging。 考点五 过去分词短语作状语 【知识精讲】 1. 过去分词作状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语,用作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状语，强调该动作与句子主语之间的被动关系。 Surprised by the noise, the baby started to cry.因被噪音吓到，宝宝开始哭。 She walked out of the room, followed by her dog.她走出房间，后面跟着她的狗。 2.“be+过去分词+介词”短语作状语时，be动词省略，直接用过去分词作状语。 “be+过去分词+in”类短语：be lost in陷入, be located in坐落在, be occupied in专心于, be absorbed in专心致志于, be stuck in被困在, be trapped in被困在, be involved in参与, be buried in埋头于, be dressed in穿着… “be+过去分词+with”类短语：be satisfied with对…… 满意, be equipped with配备有, be loaded with装载着, be burdened with负担着, be faced with面临着… “be+过去分词+to”类短语：be accustomed to习惯于, be addicted to沉迷于, be devoted/committed to致力于, be exposed to暴露于, be used to习惯余… Absorbed in painting, he spent the whole afternoon in the studio.他全神贯注于绘画，在画室里度过了整个下午。 Faced with the emergency, she immediately called for help.面对紧急情况，她立刻呼救。 Exposed to loud noise daily, workers here often have hearing problems.每天暴露在噪音中，这里的工人常出现听力问题。 【巩固提升】 1． (expose) to sunlight for too long, the ancient manuscripts have become seriously faded and fragile. 【答案】Exposed 【详解】句意：长期暴露在阳光下，这些古老的手稿已经严重褪色、脆弱。空处作状语，句子主语the ancient manuscripts与动词expose为被动关系，此处用过去分词作原因状语。首字母大写。 2．Personal anger and stress are nothing (compare) to the real costs socially. 【答案】compared 【详解】句意：个人的愤怒与压力和社会层面付出的实际代价相比根本不值一提。句子谓语动词是are，空格处是非谓语动词，compare“比较”与其逻辑主语Personal anger and stress之间是被动关系，用过去分词compared作状语。 3． (expose) to different cultures from childhood, she has a more open attitude towards new things. 【答案】Exposed 【详解】句意：从小接触不同的文化，她对新事物持有更开放的态度。本句主干是she has a more open attitude towards new things，逗号前是状语成分，因此空格处需要使用非谓语动词形式。本句主语she和expose之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词表被动。 句首单词首字母需要大写。 4． (adopt) by a kind couple when she was a baby, the girl has grown up in a warm and loving family. 【答案】Adopted 【详解】句意：当她还是婴儿时被一对善良的夫妇收养，这个女孩在一个温暖有爱的家庭中长大。此处为非谓语作状语，the girl与adopt之间为被动关系，需用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母需大写。 5． (qualify) as a senior translator, he was invited to participate in the international business negotiation. 【答案】Qualified 【详解】句意：取得高级翻译资格后，他受邀参加这场国际商务谈判。“be qualified as...”表示“具备……资格”；句子已有谓语动词was，空处应用非谓语；此处用过去分词Qualified作状语，句首首字母大写。 考点六 过去分词与状语从句的省略 【知识精讲】 状语从句含有it is或者主从句主语一致且含有be动词时，省略主语和be动词。如果用“从属连词+现在分词”，强调从句谓语动词与句子主语之间的主动关系；“从属连词+过去分词”强调二者之间被动关系。 When (I was) walking in the park, I found a lost cat. 在公园散步时，我发现了一只迷路的猫。 Unless (it is) repaired immediately, the machine may break down. 除非立即被修理，否则机器可能故障。 Although (they were) warned of the danger, they still went hiking. 虽然被警告有危险，他们仍去徒步了。 ★易错提醒：before和after后接动词，只能接动名词作宾语。 They had a short discussion before making the final decision.做最终决定前，他们进行了简短讨论。 After finishing his homework, he went out to play.完成作业后，他出去玩了。 The contract will be signed by both parties before being made public.这份合同在被公开之前将由双方签署。 【巩固提升】 1. If (invite), she will dress up and attend the wedding. 【答案】invited 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果被邀请的话，她会打扮得漂漂亮亮地去参加婚礼。此处是状语从句的省略，动词invite与she构成被动关系，用过去分词作状语。故填invited。 2. Although (offer) the vaccine for free, some people cannot receive it for physical reasons. 【答案】 offered 【详解】考查状语从句的省略、非谓语动词。句意：虽然提供免费疫苗，但有些人因为身体原因不能接种。设空处是让步状语从句的省略，主语the vaccine与动词offer之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式，相当于although the vaccine was offered for free. .. 。所以此处为过去分词作状语，故填offered。 3. When (equip) with new scientific farming methods, farmers can use less farmland to produce more. 【答案】equipped 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当配备了新的科学耕作方法时，农民可以使用更少的农田来生产更多的作物。When引导的时间状语从句省略了主语，所以空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语farmers和equip之间是动宾关系，所以空处应用过去分词。When equipped...补充完整为When they are equipped...，省略主语和be动词。故填equipped。 4. While (hike) in the mountains, they often stop to admire the scenery. 【答案】hiking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在山区徒步旅行时，他们经常停下来欣赏风景。句子主语“they”和动词“hike”之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式hiking。故填hiking。 一．单句语法填空 1． (vary) his teaching methods many times, the teacher finally found the most suitable one for his students. 【答案】Having varied 【详解】句意：这位老师多次变换教学方法，最终找到了最适合学生的方式。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，the teacher和vary为逻辑主谓关系，且vary发生在found之前，需用现在分词的完成式having varied，句首字母需大写。 2． (cooperate) with the research team for years, he gained rich experience in data analysis. 【答案】Having cooperated 【详解】句意：和研究团队合作多年后，他在数据分析方面积累了丰富经验。此处作时间状语，cooperate(合作)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语he之间是主动关系，且“合作”这个动作发生在谓语动词gained之前，因此要用现在分词的完成式having cooperated，表主动和已经完成；句首单词首字母大写。 3． (devote) years to medical research, the doctor finally developed a new treatment. 【答案】Having devoted 【详解】句意：这位医生投身医学研究多年，最终研发出了一种新疗法。句中已有谓语动词developed，空处应用非谓语动词，devote和逻辑主语the doctor之间为主动关系，且“投身”发生在谓语“最终研发”之前，应用现在分词的完成式having done，作状语。 4． (participate) in many races, he is quite experienced. 【答案】Having participated 【详解】句意：参加过诸多比赛，他经验十分丰富。此处为非谓语动词作状语，participate发生在主句动作之前，主语he与participate为主动关系，所以此处用现在分词的完成式having participated，位于句首单词首字母需大写。 5． (face) challenges, he struggled to complete the seemingly impossible task. 【答案】Facing 【详解】句意：面对种种挑战，他努力尝试但还是难以完成这个看似不可能完成的任务。此处face与he构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，首字母大写。 6．He is sweating in the gym (build) his strength, while I am lying on the sofa (eat) snacks and (follow) my favorite hit drama. 【答案】 to build eating following 【详解】句意：他正在健身房流汗锻炼体力，而我正躺在沙发上吃零食、追我最喜欢的热播剧。本句谓语为is sweating，此处为非谓语动词，且表目的，应用不定式to build，作目的状语。while后的句子谓语为am lying，此处为非谓语动词，且I与eat为主动关系，应用现在分词eating，作伴随状语。第三空与eating并列，同为现在分词，作伴随状语，应用following。 7． (add) up all the donations from the community, they finally reached a sum that adds up to over 100,000 yuan for the disaster-stricken area. 【答案】Adding 【详解】句意：把社区所有的捐款加起来后，他们最终为灾区筹集了超过10万元的善款。add up与主语they之间为主动关系，故用现在分词adding作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。 8．The student (interview) by the school radio presently is the initiator of the “No Plastic” activity. 【答案】being interviewed 【详解】句意：现在正在被学校广播站采访的那个学生是“禁塑”活动的发起人。本句谓语为is，此处为非谓语动词，且the student与interview“采访”为被动关系，且根据presently可知动作正在进行，应用现在分词的被动语态being interviewed，作后置定语，修饰the student。 9．The path (bend) through the forest is the shortcut to the village. 【答案】bending 【详解】句意：蜿蜒穿过森林的小路是通往村庄的捷径。path与bend之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。 10．With a heavy workload piling up, she found her concentration (distract) easily by the slightest noise outside the window. 【答案】distracted 【详解】句意：随着工作量不断堆积，她发现自己的注意力很容易被窗外一点点噪音分散。此处为find + 宾语 + 宾语补足语结构，宾语concentration与distract是被动关系，表示注意力被分散，需用过去分词distracted作宾补。 11． (anticipate) to be a hit, the new movie has already sold thousands of advance tickets. 【答案】Anticipated 【详解】句意：预料到会大受欢迎，这部新电影已经售出了数千张预售票。句中已有谓语动词“has sold”，因此“anticipate”需用非谓语形式。逻辑主语“the new movie”与“anticipate”之间为被动关系，故使用过去分词短语“anticipated to be a hit”作状语。句首单词首字母大写。 12． (impress) by her dedication, the manager offered her a promotion immediately. 【答案】Impressed 【详解】句意：被她的敬业精神打动后，经理立刻给她提供了晋升机会。本句谓语为offered，空处用非谓语动词。逻辑主语the manager和动词impress是被动关系，用过去分词作原因状语，句首首字母大写。 13． (devote) to environmental protection, she has organized many volunteer activities. 【答案】Devoted 【详解】句意：她致力于环境保护，组织了许多志愿者活动。be devoted to是固定短语，表示“致力于”，此处用作状语，用过去分词devoted，位于句首，首字母大写。 14． (face) with difficulties, they never gave up. 【答案】Faced 【详解】句意：面对困难，他们从未放弃。短语be faced with表示“面对”，过去分词作状语，首字母大写。 15．The little boy stared at the math problem, (puzzle) by the complicated calculation steps. 【答案】puzzled 【详解】句意：这个小男孩盯着这道数学题，被复杂的计算步骤弄得困惑不已。本句谓语为stared，空处用非谓语动词。逻辑主语The little boy和puzzle之间是被动关系，因此需要用puzzle的过去分词形式puzzled表被动含义，作状语。 16．The school has the old classroom windows (replace) with energy-saving ones to reduce electricity use. 【答案】replaced 【详解】句意：学校把旧教室的窗户换成了节能窗，以减少用电量。本句谓语为has，此处为非谓语动词，have sth. done结构，意为“让某事被做”，且the old classroom windows与replace“更换”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作宾语补足语。 17． (alert) by the chorus downstairs, he woke up and turned on the light. 【答案】Alerted 【详解】句意：被楼下的合唱声惊醒后，他醒来打开了灯。此处为非谓语动词，alert意为“使警觉，惊醒”，与主语he为被动关系，用过去分词alerted，位于句首，首字母需大写。 18．One night, she wandered around the old town, she found herself (surround) by several curious kids who kept asking about her city life. 【答案】surrounded 【详解】句意：一天晚上，她在古镇四处闲逛，发现自己被几个好奇的孩子围着，他们不停地问她关于城市生活的事。herself与surround之间是被动关系，即她被孩子们围绕，所以用过去分词surrounded作宾语补足语。 19．​ (fascinate) by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City, she decided to move to Beijing. 【答案】Fascinated 【详解】句意：被紫禁城的建筑之美吸引，她决定搬到北京。此句已有谓语动词decided，空处需填非谓语形式，主句主语she与fascinate是被动关系，应用过去分词fascinated作状语，句首单词首字母需大写。 20． (compare) with the old house, the new one is much brighter. 【答案】Compared 【详解】句意：与老房子相比，新房子明亮得多。此处为非谓语作状语，the new one与compare之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母需大写。 二．语法填空 A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Bird-watching has been included in a public benefit program “Park Classes” in Wuhan schools. 1 (bury) in books and having little access to the outside world, many students don’t have the 2 (little) idea of what nature really is. This program is designed 3 (raise) the awareness of environmental protection among school kids, who often feel greatly refreshed by 4 (appreciate) the grace of adorable creatures through cameras. Among the selective courses 5 (be) the restoration of small and micro wetlands. As for this course, 6 is needed is a lot of hands-on practice. Under the 7 (guide) of their teachers, students are required to conduct research on a 500-square-meter wetland in the city parks. Focusing their attention 8 the wetland’s physical condition, they have recorded the number of plant and animal species to create a restoration plan. Thanks to their efforts, the biodiversity of the wetland has been 9 (significant) improved. “It’s very meaningful,” said Li Chenliang, 10 eighth grader from this project. “I have gained a lot of knowledge that cannot be directly got from books. I should make full use of the city’s ecological advantages and get more chances to get closer to nature.” 【答案】1．Buried 2．least 3．to raise 4．appreciating 5．is 6．what 7．guidance 8．on 9．significantly 10．an 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了观鸟已被纳入武汉学校的公益项目“公园课堂”，既让学生们了解了自然，又有利于环境保护。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：许多学生埋头于书本之中，很少有机会接触外面的世界，因此他们对大自然的本质一无所知。空处作句子的状语，bury和many students逻辑上是被动关系，应用bury的过去分词形式buried，且空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Buried。 2．考查形容词最高级。句意：许多学生埋头于书本之中，很少有机会接触外面的世界，因此他们对大自然的本质一无所知。固定短语not have the least idea of意为“对……一无所知，完全不知道”，空处应用little的最高级形式least构成该短语。故填least。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：该项目旨在提高在校学生的环境保护意识，他们经常通过镜头欣赏可爱生物的优雅，从而感到精力充沛。固定短语be designed to do sth.，意为“旨在做……”，空处应用raise的不定式形式to raise。故填to raise。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：该项目旨在提高在校学生的环境保护意识，他们经常通过镜头欣赏可爱生物的优雅，从而感到精力充沛。作介词的宾语，用动名词形式。故填appreciating。 5．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在选修课中有小型和微型湿地的恢复。此处作句子的谓语，表示地点的介词短语Among the selective courses放在句首，引起句子完全倒装，主语是the restoration of small and micro wetlands，且句子在描述一般性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，空处应用is。故填is。 6．考查主语从句。句意：至于这门课程，所需要的是大量的实践操作。引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，故用what。故填what。 7．考查名词。句意：在老师的指导下，学生们需要在城市公园500平方米的湿地上进行研究。短语under the guidance of意为“在……的指导下”，名词作宾语。故填guidance。 8．考查介词。句意：他们将注意力集中在湿地的实际情况上，记录了其中的动植物种类数量，以此来制定恢复计划。短语focus one’s attention on意为“关注……”。故填on。 9．考查副词。句意：由于他们的努力，这片湿地的生物多样性得到了显著的改善。空处修饰动词improved，应用significant的副词形式significantly，意为“显著地”。故填significantly。 10．考查冠词。句意：“这很有意义，”这个项目的一名八年级学生李晨亮说。grader表示泛指，意为“一名，一位”，应用不定冠词，且eighth发音以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。 B 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Location is a factor that cannot 1 (ignore) when choosing a university. Some people like the 2 (convenient) of big cities, while others like the tranquility (宁静) of a smaller college town. If students choose to study abroad, is it important to choose a big city? Before answering the question, let’s take a look at students 3 (study) in China. Many students prefer big cities, like Beijing or Shanghai, 4 they can get almost anywhere they need to be with convenient transportation. They can easily access museums, concerts, theaters and 5 (culture) events almost all of the time. However, students who study in big cities will 6 (typical) face a higher cost of living. Even though there are more opportunities 7 (go) out and do fun things in the city, it may take focus 8 from your studies. That might be part of the reason why many students prefer a college in a small town. Besides the lower cost of living and fewer distractions, there’s 9 closer feeling of community among students. So when choosing the location of your future university, consider your own preferences, your personal needs and career goals — then you 10 (find) the best option for you. 【答案】1．be ignored 2．convenience 3．studying 4．where 5．cultural 6．typically 7．to go 8．away 9．a 10．will find 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在选择大学时，位置是一个不容忽视的因素，要考虑自己的喜好、个人需求和职业目标，这样才能找到最适合自己的大学。 1．考查语态。句意：在选择大学时，位置是一个不容忽视的因素。a factor与ignore之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，情态动词cannot后用动词原形，故填be ignored。 2．考查名词。句意：一些人喜欢大城市的便利，而另一些人喜欢小大学城的宁静。此处缺少名词，作动词like的宾语，表抽象意义，不可数，故填convenience。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在回答这个问题之前，让我们先看看在中国学习的学生。students与study之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词，作后置定语，故填studying。 4．考查非限定性定语从句。句意：许多学生更喜欢大城市，如北京或上海，在那里他们几乎可以到达他们需要的任何地方，交通便利。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是big cities，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，故填where。 5．考查形容词。句意：他们几乎随时都可以方便地参观博物馆、音乐会、剧院和参加文化活动。修饰名词events，用形容词，作定语，故填cultural。 6．考查副词。句意：然而，在大城市学习的学生通常会面临更高的生活成本。修饰动词face，用副词，作状语，故填typically。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管在城市里有更多的机会出去做有趣的事情，但它可能会让你的注意力从学习上转移开。名词opportunity后常用不定式，作后置定语，故填to go。 8．考查固定搭配。句意同上。固定搭配take...away from“将……从……中移开”，故填away。 9．考查冠词。句意：除了较低的生活成本和较少的干扰，学生之间还会有一种更紧密的团体感。此处表泛指“一种感觉”，且closer的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 10．考查时态。句意：因此，在选择未来大学的地点时，考虑自己的喜好、个人需求和职业目标，然后你会找到最适合自己的选择。此处表示将来的情况，用一般将来时，故填will find。 C 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For people in Yunnan Province, wild mushrooms are more than daily food. They are deeply rooted in local culture. During the mushroom season, collecting and cooking mushrooms 1 (regard) as a meaningful experience. Zhang Yunjia, a 33-year-old chef from Yunnan, hopes to bring this experience to diners in Beijing. At her restaurant, Under Clouds Green, Zhang has created a seasonal menu 2 (inspire) by autumn. She cautiously chooses wild mushrooms from Yunnan and fresh organic vegetables from farms near Beijing, which help her dishes show the beauty of the season and leave diners with a gentle memory of fall. What 3 (make) Zhang’s cooking stand out is not only its taste but its artistic design. Some dishes allow guests to spread colorful mushroom sauces like 4 (paint) a picture, while others look like small gardens, making diners feel as if they are eating in nature. Every detail shows Zhang’s imagination and love for her work. The flavors of her food remind people 5 traditional Yunnan cooking. Light soups and simple side dishes bring warmth and comfort, while the 6 (care) presentation shows her respect for each ingredient. Many of her ideas can be traced back to her childhood memories in Yunnan, 7 stir-fried mushrooms, rice noodles and soft rice cakes were part of everyday life. Zhang believes that 8 uniqueness of Yunnan cuisine lies in the rich 9 (diverse) of its ingredients and spices. Through her cooking, she hopes that diners can 10 (true) experience the spirit and flavor of Yunnan with every bite. 【答案】1．are regarded 2．inspired 3．makes 4．painting 5．of 6．careful 7．where 8．the 9．diversity 10．truly 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了来自云南的33岁厨师张云佳，希望通过她在北京的餐厅“云下青”，将云南的野生菌文化及秋季特色美食带给北京的食客。 1．考查动词时态和语态。句意：在蘑菇季节，采摘和烹饪蘑菇被视为一种有意义的体验。句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语collecting and cooking mushrooms与regard之间是被动关系，be regarded as为固定短语，意为“被视为”，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are +过去分词”，主语是动名词短语，视为单数概念，所以用are regarded。故填are regarded。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：在她的餐厅“云下青”，张云佳创作了一份受秋季启发的季节性菜单。句中已有谓语动词has created，此处应用非谓语动词，menu与inspire之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词inspired作后置定语，修饰menu，表示“受……启发的”。故填inspired。 3．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：张云佳的烹饪脱颖而出的原因不仅在于其味道，还在于其艺术设计。句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，“What ________ (make) Zhang’s cooking stand out”为主语从句，what在从句中作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，make的第三人称单数形式为makes。故填makes。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：有些菜肴让客人像画画一样涂抹五颜六色的蘑菇酱，而另一些则看起来像小花园，让食客感觉仿佛在大自然中用餐。此处like为介词，意为“像”，后接动名词形式，paint的动名词为painting。故填painting。 5．考查介词。句意：她食物的味道让人们想起传统的云南烹饪。remind sb. of sth.为固定短语，意为“使某人想起某事”，所以用介词of。故填of。 6．考查形容词。句意：清淡的汤和简单的配菜带来温暖和舒适，而精心的呈现则显示了她对每种食材的尊重。此处修饰名词presentation，应用形容词形式，care的形容词为careful，意为“精心的；仔细的”。故填careful。 7．考查定语从句。句意：她的许多创意都可以追溯到她在云南的童年记忆，在那里，炒蘑菇、米线和软年糕是日常生活的一部分。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是Yunnan，表示地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 8．考查冠词。句意：张云佳认为，云南美食的独特之处在于其食材和香料的丰富多样性。此处特指云南美食的独特之处，所以用定冠词the。故填the。 9．考查名词。句意：张云佳认为，云南美食的独特之处在于其食材和香料的丰富多样性。根据空前的形容词rich可知，此处应用名词形式，diverse的名词为diversity，意为“多样性”。故填diversity。 10．考查副词。句意：通过她的烹饪，她希望食客每一口都能真正体验到云南的精神和风味。此处修饰动词experience，应用副词形式，true的副词为truly，意为“真正地”。故填truly。 D 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The National Ballet of China staged a production of Guo Nian, the Chinese version of Tchaikovsky’s The Nutcracker, at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington between January 29th and February 2nd, with seven shows 1 (celebrate) Chinese New Year. This adaptation moves the story from its traditional Christmas setting to the Spring Festival, 2 time of family reunions, integrating elements like the 12 animals of the Chinese zodiac. The ballet keeps Tchaikovsky’s 3 (origin) score while weaving in typically Chinese cultural symbols such as paper fans, porcelain, and firecrackers, 4 (complete) absorbing the audience in the atmosphere of the Spring Festival. Star dancers Fang Mengying, Zhou Yue and Chang Sinuo 5 (take) on leading roles, attracting both locals and visitors alike. Under conductor Zhang Yi, the symphony orchestra provided an attractive musical backdrop, 6 strengthened the narrative (叙述) of love, magic and tradition. Artistic director Feng Ying emphasized the 7 (significant) of these performances as UNESCO put the Spring Festival on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity last year, in recognition of 8 (it) growing global appeal. These shows not only celebrate Chinese culture 9 promote cross-cultural understanding. Through dance, music, and storytelling, the National Ballet of China has bridged two worlds, offering an insight into the heart of Chinese celebrations and traditions. The success of Guo Nian underlines the increasing international recognition of Chinese cultural traditions, paving (铺) the way for even 10 (great) cultural exchange. 【答案】1．celebrating 2．a 3．original 4．completely 5．took 6．which 7．significance 8．its 9．but 10．greater 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述中国国家芭蕾舞团在美演出《过年》的情况及意义。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：1月29日至2月2日，中国国家芭蕾舞团在华盛顿肯尼迪艺术中心上演了改编自柴可夫斯基《胡桃夹子》的中国版《过年》，共有七场演出庆祝中国新年。此处是with的复合结构，shows和celebrate之间是逻辑主动关系，celebrate用现在分词形式作宾补。故填celebrating。 2．考查冠词。句意：这一改编将故事从传统的圣诞节背景移至春节，一个家庭团聚的时刻，并融入了中国十二生肖等元素。“time of family reunions”是对“Spring Festival”的解释，泛指“一个……的时刻”，time以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词 a。故填a。 3．考查形容词。句意：芭蕾舞剧保留了柴可夫斯基的原版配乐，同时融入了纸扇、瓷器和鞭炮等典型的中国文化符号，让观众完全沉浸在春节的氛围中。此处修饰名词score，用形容词original作定语，表示“原版的”。故填original。 4．考查副词。句意：芭蕾舞剧保留了柴可夫斯基的原版配乐，同时融入了纸扇、瓷器和鞭炮等典型的中国文化符号，让观众完全沉浸在春节的氛围中。此处修饰动词absorbing，用副词completely作状语，表示“完全地”。故填completely。 5．考查时态。句意：明星舞者方梦颖、周月和常斯诺担任主演，吸引了当地人和游客。空处为句子的谓语动词。此处描述过去发生的事情，谓语动词短语take on用一般过去时。故填took。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：在指挥张毅的带领下，交响乐团提供了迷人的音乐背景，强化了爱、魔法和传统的叙事。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为主句“交响乐团提供音乐背景”这一整件事，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 7．考查名词。句意：艺术总监冯英强调了这些演出的重要性，因为联合国教科文组织去年将春节列入了人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录，以表彰其日益增长的全球吸引力。此处作emphasized的宾语，用名词significance，表示“重要性”。故填significance。 8．考查代词。句意：艺术总监冯英强调了这些演出的重要性，因为联合国教科文组织去年将春节列入了人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录，以表彰其日益增长的全球吸引力。此处修饰名词appeal，用形容词性物主代词its，表示“它的”。故填its。 9．考查连词。句意：这些演出不仅庆祝中国文化，还促进了跨文化理解。not only...but (also)...为固定搭配，表示“不仅……还……”。故填but。 10．考查比较级。句意：《过年》的成功凸显了中国文化传统在国际上日益增长的认可度，为更广泛的文化交流铺平了道路。even修饰比较级，结合语境 “更广泛的文化交流”，所以空处用形容词的比较级greater作定语修饰名词短语cultural exchange。故填greater。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $