内容正文:
Past Participle
过去分词作状语及表语
Adverbial & Predicative
PART 1 过去分词作表语
Past Participle as Predicative
1.1 核心概念
定义 过去分词作表语,放在系动词之后,表示主语的状态或感受。结构:主语 + 系动词 + 过去分词。系动词包括:be / get / become / remain / feel / look / seem / stay / grow 等。
She was shocked at the news. 她对那个消息感到震惊。
was是系动词,shocked作表语,表示she的感受
The window remains locked all day. 窗户一整天都锁着。
remains是系动词,locked作表语,表示window的状态
1.2 常见过去分词作表语分类
一、情感感受类(修饰人)
规律 修饰人时,用 -ed 结尾:人 + be/get + -ed(人被……,产生某种感受)
动词
过去分词(表语)
含义
astonish
astonished
惊讶的
excite
excited
兴奋的
interest
interested
感兴趣的
surprise
surprised
吃惊的
disappoint
disappointed
失望的
confuse
confused
困惑的
tire
tired
疲倦的
bore
bored
厌烦的
frighten
frightened
害怕的
satisfy
satisfied
满意的
shock
shocked
震惊的
move
moved
感动的
二、状态描述类(修饰物/人)
规律 某些过去分词已完全形容词化,表示持续状态而非被动动作
动词
过去分词(表语)
含义
break
broken
破碎的
lose
lost
丢失的/迷路的
hide
hidden
隐藏的
shut
shut
关着的
go
gone
消失的
dress
dressed
穿着……的
seat
seated
坐着的
absorb
absorbed
专注的
connect
connected
连接的/有联系的
marry
married
已婚的
expose
exposed
暴露的
trap
trapped
被困的
1.3 高频固定搭配(必背)
搭配
含义
be/get used to
习惯于
be/get absorbed in
专注于
be/get engaged in
从事于/忙于
be/get lost in
沉浸于/迷路
be/get caught in
陷入/被卡住
be/get dressed in
穿着
be/get interested in
对……感兴趣
be/get involved in
卷入/参与
be/get stuck in
困在/陷在
be/get buried in
埋头于/沉浸于
be/get prepared for
为……做准备
be/get admitted to
被录取/被接纳
be/get known for
因……而闻名
be/get known as
作为……而闻名
be/get known to
为……所知
be/get associated with
与……有关
be/get related to
与……相关
be/get linked to
与……有联系
be/get connected with/to
与……相连
be/get devoted to
致力于/献身于
be/get exposed to
暴露于/接触
be/get addicted to
沉迷于/上瘾
be/get opposed to
反对
be/get committed to
致力于/承诺
be/get accustomed to
习惯于
be/get aimed at
旨在
be/get faced with
面临/面对
be/get equipped for/with
准备好/配备有
be/get qualified for
有资格
be/get impressed by/with
对……印象深刻
be/get seated
坐着
be/get stuck
被困住/卡住
be/get married
结婚
be/get connected
有联系的
be/get separated
分开的/分居的
be/get injured
受伤
be/get wounded
受伤(刀枪伤)
be/get damaged
受损的
be/get broken
破碎的/坏了的
be/get tired of
对……厌倦
be/get bored with
对……厌烦
be/get satisfied with
对……满意
be/get disappointed with/at
对……失望
be/get crowded with
挤满
be/get filled with
充满
be/get lined with
排列着
be/get covered with/by
被……覆盖
1.4 -ed 与 -ing 作表语辨析
核心区分 -ed 修饰人(人感到……),-ing 修饰物(物令人……)。但要注意:描述人的表情/声音/眼神时,用 -ing(因为表情"令人"觉得……)。
She was disappointed at the result. vs. The result was disappointing. 她对结果感到失望。 vs. 结果令人失望。
disappointed→人感到;disappointing→物令人
His surprised expression surprised everyone. (surprised修饰expression) 他惊讶的表情让所有人吃惊。
surprised expression = 惊讶的(令人惊讶的)表情 → 用-ed修饰人的表情
PART 2 过去分词作状语
Past Participle as Adverbial
2.1 核心概念
定义 过去分词作状语,修饰整个句子或主句谓语,表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随。逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致,且构成被动关系。
Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful. 从山上望去,城市看起来很美。
seen的逻辑主语=city,city与see是被动关系(城市被看)
2.2 四种状语类型
一、原因状语
Tired out, he fell asleep immediately. 累极了,他立刻睡着了。
= Because he was tired out; 逻辑主语he与tire是被动关系
Devoted to his work, he forgot the time. 专注于工作,他忘了时间。
= Because he was devoted to his work
二、时间状语
Asked about his hobby, he smiled. 被问及爱好时,他笑了。
= When he was asked about his hobby
Founded in 1900, the school has a long history. 建于1900年,这所学校历史悠久。
= When it was founded in 1900
三、条件/让步状语
Given more time, I could do better. 如果多给点时间,我能做得更好。
= If I were given more time(条件)
Warned of the danger, they still went ahead. 尽管被警告有危险,他们仍然继续前行。
= Although they were warned of the danger(让步)
四、方式/伴随状语
She sat at the desk, lost in thought. 她坐在桌旁,陷入沉思。
表示主语she的伴随状态
Accompanied by his dog, he walked along the river. 在他的狗陪伴下,他沿河散步。
表示主语he的伴随状态
2.3 连词 + 过去分词(省略结构)
规则 when/while/if/unless/though/although/once + 过去分词,省略了与主句相同的主语 + be 动词。条件:从句主语 = 主句主语,且为被动关系。
When (it is) seen from above, the river looks like a ribbon. 从上方看,这条河像一条丝带。
省略了it is,it=river,river与see是被动关系
Unless (you are) invited, you should not attend the meeting. 除非被邀请,否则你不应该参加这个会议。
省略了you are
Once (it is) understood, the rule is easy to apply. 一旦被理解,这条规则就容易应用。
省略了it is
2.4 高频固定搭配(必背)
搭配
含义
compared with/to
与……相比
given...
考虑到/如果被给予……
faced with
面对
absorbed in
沉浸于
lost in
沉浸于/迷失
dressed in
穿着
seated at
坐在
devoted to
致力于
engaged in
忙于
based on
基于
as scheduled
如期
as expected
如预期
accompanied by
在……陪同下
surrounded by
被……包围
motivated by
受……激励
impressed by/with
对……印象深刻
2.5 如何判断:表语还是状语?
判断方法 ① 看位置:紧跟系动词→表语;在句首/句中逗号隔开→状语 ② 看功能:描述主语状态→表语;修饰动作/整句→状语 ③ 能否还原为状语从句:能→状语
He was excited. (表语:was是系动词,excited描述he的状态)
Excited, he jumped up. (状语:= Because he was excited,修饰jumped)
PART 3 核心区分与解题方法
Key Differences & Method
3.1 解题四步法
解题公式 连词数 + 1 = 需要的谓语数。如果句子已有谓语数 = 连词数 + 1,说明谓语已满,空格填非谓语。然后确定:是作表语(系动词后)还是状语(句首/逗号隔开),最后判断逻辑主语与动词的主被动关系。
第一步:数连词 → 算出需要几个谓语
一个连词连接两个分句,产生2个谓语。连词包括:that/which/who/when/where/if/unless/although/because/while/before/after/though/so/but/and/or 等。
第二步:数已有谓语动词 → 判断空格是谓语还是非谓语
已有谓语数 = 连词数 + 1 → 谓语已满,空格填非谓语。已有谓语数 < 连词数 + 1 → 空格可能填谓语。
第三步:确定语法功能(表语 vs 状语 vs 定语 vs 宾补)
紧跟系动词→表语 | 句首/逗号隔开→状语 | 名词后→定语 | 宾语后→宾补
第四步:找逻辑主语,判断主被动 → 被动→done
表语/状语:逻辑主语=主句主语 | 定语:逻辑主语=被修饰名词 | 宾补:逻辑主语=宾语
3.2 doing 与 done 作状语对比
对比项
现在分词 doing
过去分词 done
与逻辑主语关系
主动
被动
时间含义
进行/同时发生
完成/先于主句
例句
Seeing the teacher, he stood up.(主动:他看到老师)
Seen by the teacher, he felt nervous.(被动:他被老师看到)
例句
Not knowing the answer, she kept silent.(主动:她不知道)
Not told the answer, she felt confused.(被动:她没被告知)
3.3 易错点:-ed 已形容词化
关键 seated / dressed / lost / devoted / absorbed / engaged / faced / equipped 这些词看似过去分词,实则已完全形容词化,作表语或状语时表示"处于……状态",不必还原为被动语态理解。
She was seated at the piano. (= sitting,不是"被安排坐下") 她坐在钢琴旁。
seated已形容词化=坐着的
Faced with difficulties, we should not give up. (= confronting,不是"被面对") 面对困难,我们不应该放弃。
faced with已形容词化=面对
PART 4 综合自测 50 题
Comprehensive Exercise
解题公式 连词数 + 1 = 需要的谓语数。如果句子已有谓语数 = 连词数 + 1,说明谓语已满,空格填非谓语。然后确定语法功能(表语/状语),再判断逻辑主语与动词的主被动关系。
一、语法填空(第 1-20 题:侧重过去分词作表语)
1. She studied hard for three years and finally got ________ (admit) to her dream university.
答案解析:连词:1个(and并列连词)→ 需2个谓语。已有谓语:studied、got(2个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。结构:get + done(表语),admit与she是被动关系(她被录取)→ admitted
2. The fragrance of flowers is often ________ (associate) with pleasant memories.
答案解析:连词:0个 → 需1个谓语。已有谓语:is(1个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。结构:be + done(表语),fragrance与associate是被动关系(香味被联系在一起)→ associated
3. Students who are well trained are better ________ (equip) to deal with challenges.
答案解析:连词:1个(who引导定语从句)→ 需2个谓语。已有谓语:are trained、are(2个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。结构:be equipped to do(固定搭配,表语)→ equipped
4. Many customers felt ________ (cheat) when they discovered the product was fake.
答案解析:连词:2个(when引导时间状语从句 + discovered后省略that的宾语从句)→ 需3个谓语。已有谓语:felt、discovered、was(3个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。结构:feel + done(表语),customers与cheat是被动关系(顾客被骗)→ cheated
5. His goal is to get ________ (employ) by a top company after graduation.
答案解析:连词:0个 → 需1个谓语。已有谓语:is(1个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。结构:get + done(表语),he与employ是被动关系(他被雇佣)→ employed
6. I was completely ________ (engage) in my reading and did not hear the phone ring.
答案解析:连词:1个(and并列连词)→ 需2个谓语。已有谓语:was、did hear(2个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。结构:be engaged in(固定搭配,表语)→ engaged
7. Although some parts have worn out, the old bridge remains well ________ (preserve).
答案解析:连词:1个(although引导让步状语从句)→ 需2个谓语。已有谓语:have worn out、remains(2个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。结构:remain + done(表语),bridge与preserve是被动关系(桥梁被保存)→ preserved
8. The program is ________ (aim) at helping young people develop leadership skills.
答案解析:连词:0个 → 需1个谓语。已有谓语:is(1个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。结构:be aimed at(固定搭配,表语)→ aimed
9. We should review our notes and get well ________ (prepare) for the coming exam.
答案解析:连词:1个(and并列连词)→ 需2个谓语。已有谓语:should review、get(2个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。结构:get + done(表语),we与prepare是被动关系(我们做好准备)→ prepared
10. Living in the countryside is ________ (prefer) for those who enjoy peace and quiet.
答案解析:连词:1个(who引导定语从句)→ 需2个谓语。已有谓语:is、enjoy(2个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。结构:be + done(表语),living与prefer是被动关系(乡村生活更被偏爱)→ preferred
11. She did not want to get too ________ (absorb) in social media.
答案解析:连词:0个 → 需1个谓语。已有谓语:did not want(1个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。结构:get absorbed in(固定搭配,表语)→ absorbed
12. When you get ________ (burn) while cooking, run cold water over the area immediately.
答案解析:连词:2个(when引导时间状语从句 + while cooking为while you are cooking的省略)→ 需3个谓语。已有谓语:get、run,另有省略的are cooking,共3个,谓语已满 → 填非谓语。结构:get + done(表语),you与burn是被动关系(你被烫伤)→ burned / burnt
13. ________ (delight) as she was by the gift, her face lit up with a bigger smile when she read the card.
答案解析:连词:2个(as让步状语从句 + when时间状语从句)→ 需3个谓语。已有谓语:was、lit up、read(3个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。结构:形容词+as+主语+系动词(让步状语),she与delight是被动关系(她被取悦)→ Delighted(句首大写)
14. The audience was totally ________ (astonish) by the magician's performance.
答案解析:连词:0个 → 需1个谓语。已有谓语:was(1个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。结构:be + done(表语),audience与astonish是被动关系(观众被震惊)→ astonished
15. For those who live alone, the Internet is important in keeping ________ (connect) with others.
答案解析:连词:1个(who引导定语从句)→ 需2个谓语。已有谓语:live、is(2个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。结构:keep + done(表语),those与connect是被动关系(人被联系在一起)→ connected
16. When their children moved away, the elderly couple felt ________ (cut) off from the world.
答案解析:连词:1个(when引导时间状语从句)→ 需2个谓语。已有谓语:moved、felt(2个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。结构:feel + done(表语),couple与cut off是被动关系(他们被隔绝)→ cut(cut过去分词仍为cut)
17. The child who got ________ (lose) in the mall was finally found by the security guard.
答案解析:连词:1个(who引导定语从句)→ 需2个谓语。已有谓语:got、was found(2个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。结构:get + done(表语),lost已形容词化,表示“迷路的” → lost
18. Many travelers remained ________ (stick) at the airport due to the heavy snow.
答案解析:连词:0个 → 需1个谓语。已有谓语:remained(1个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。结构:remain + done(表语),travelers与stick是被动关系(旅客被滞留)→ stuck
19. After years of friendship, they finally got ________ (marry) last summer.
答案解析:连词:0个 → 需1个谓语。已有谓语:got(1个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。结构:get married为固定搭配,married已形容词化,表示“结婚的” → married
20. I do not think his argument is ________ (relate) to our discussion.
答案解析:连词:1个(省略that的宾语从句)→ 需2个谓语。已有谓语:do think、is(2个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。结构:be + done(表语),argument与relate是被动关系(论点被联系)→ related
二、语法填空(第 21-40 题:侧重过去分词作状语)
21. During the following decade, ________ (accompany) by several loyal assistants, he traveled across the country.
答案解析:连词:0个 → 需1个谓语。已有谓语:traveled(1个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。逻辑主语he与accompany是被动关系(他被人陪同)→ accompanied
22. ________ (warn) of the approaching storm, the sailors still decided to set out.
答案解析:连词:0个(此处没有从属连词,句首为过去分词短语)→ 需1个谓语。已有谓语:decided(1个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。逻辑主语sailors与warn是被动关系(水手被警告)→ Warned(句首大写,让步状语)
23. If ________ (accept) for the position, you will receive an email within a week.
答案解析:连词:1个(if引导条件状语从句)→ 需2个谓语。从句省略了you are,主句谓语will receive,共2个,谓语已满 → 填非谓语。逻辑主语you与accept是被动关系(你被录取)→ accepted
24. ________ (offer) a scholarship, the student felt extremely grateful.
答案解析:连词:0个 → 需1个谓语。已有谓语:felt(1个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。逻辑主语student与offer是被动关系(学生被提供奖学金)→ Offered(句首大写,原因状语)
25. ________ (adapt) from a classic novel, the film tells a moving story of love and loss.
答案解析:连词:0个 → 需1个谓语。已有谓语:tells(1个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。逻辑主语film与adapt是被动关系(电影被改编)→ Adapted(句首大写,时间/原因状语)
26. ________ (motivate) by the teacher's encouragement, the girl made up her mind to study harder.
答案解析:连词:0个 → 需1个谓语。已有谓语:made up(1个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。逻辑主语girl与motivate是被动关系(女孩被激励)→ Motivated(句首大写,原因状语)
27. The two brothers, ________ (seat) at the table, were playing cards.
答案解析:连词:0个 → 需1个谓语。已有谓语:were playing(1个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。逻辑主语brothers与seat是被动关系(兄弟被安排坐着→坐着的),seated已形容词化 → seated
28. With everyone's effort, the project was completed as ________ (schedule).
答案解析:连词:0个 → 需1个谓语。已有谓语:was completed(1个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。as scheduled是固定搭配(如期),相当于方式状语 → scheduled
29. ________ (ask) to stay late, she had to cancel her dinner plans.
答案解析:连词:0个 → 需1个谓语。已有谓语:had to(1个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。逻辑主语she与ask是被动关系(她被要求加班)→ Asked(句首大写,原因状语)
30. ________ (sponsor) by a large company, the event attracted nationwide attention.
答案解析:连词:0个 → 需1个谓语。已有谓语:attracted(1个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。逻辑主语event与sponsor是被动关系(活动被赞助)→ Sponsored(句首大写,原因状语)
31. ________ (engage) in community service, the students learned the value of teamwork.
答案解析:连词:0个 → 需1个谓语。已有谓语:learned(1个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。结构:be engaged in(固定搭配),逻辑主语students与engage是被动关系 → Engaged(句首大写,原因状语)
32. Once ________ (understand), the principle is easy to apply.
答案解析:连词:1个(once引导时间状语从句)→ 需2个谓语。从句省略了it is,主句谓语is,共2个,谓语已满 → 填非谓语。逻辑主语principle与understand是被动关系(原理被理解)→ understood
33. Though ________ (award) the top prize, she still felt she could improve.
答案解析:连词:2个(though引导让步状语从句 + felt后省略that的宾语从句)→ 需3个谓语。从句省略了she was,主句谓语felt,宾语从句谓语could improve,共3个,谓语已满 → 填非谓语。逻辑主语she与award是被动关系(她被颁奖)→ awarded
34. My suggestion is to group students ________ (base) on their language levels.
答案解析:连词:0个 → 需1个谓语。已有谓语:is(1个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。逻辑主语students与base on是被动关系(学生被按照……分组),based on作方式状语 → based
35. ________ (impress) by her performance, the director invited her to join the team.
答案解析:连词:0个 → 需1个谓语。已有谓语:invited(1个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。逻辑主语director与impress是被动关系(导演对……印象深刻)→ Impressed(句首大写,原因状语)
36. ________ (establish) in the 19th century, the museum houses a vast collection of artifacts.
答案解析:连词:0个 → 需1个谓语。已有谓语:houses(1个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。逻辑主语museum与establish是被动关系(博物馆被建立)→ Established(句首大写,时间状语)
37. The boy was playing in the garden, ________ (surround) by colorful flowers.
答案解析:连词:0个 → 需1个谓语。已有谓语:was playing(1个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。逻辑主语boy与surround是被动关系(男孩被花包围),伴随状语 → surrounded
38. The results turned out as ________ (expect), and everyone was relieved.
答案解析:连词:1个(and并列连词)→ 需2个谓语。已有谓语:turned out、was(2个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。as expected是固定搭配(如预期),方式状语 → expected
39. First ________ (announce) in early spring, the new policy took effect in summer.
答案解析:连词:0个 → 需1个谓语。已有谓语:took effect(1个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。逻辑主语policy与announce是被动关系(政策被宣布),时间状语 → announced
40. Born in a small town but ________ (dress) as a soldier, she joined the army at eighteen.
答案解析:连词:0个(but连接Born和dressed两个过去分词状语,不连接分句)→ 需1个谓语。已有谓语:joined(1个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。逻辑主语she与dress是被动关系(穿着某种服装),dressed已形容词化 → dressed
三、完成句子(第 41-50 题)
41. 他们陶醉于美景之中。
They were ________ (lose) in admiration of the scenery.
答案解析:连词:0个 → 需1个谓语。已有谓语:were(1个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。结构:be lost in(固定搭配,表语)→ lost
42. 在我的想法和父母的期望之间,我感到左右为难。
I ________ (feel) caught between my own wishes and my parents' expectations.
答案解析:连词:0个 → 需1个谓语。缺谓语 → 填谓语feel。结构:feel + done(表语),I与catch是被动关系(我被夹在中间)→ feel caught between
43. 被告知返校的消息,孩子们高兴地跳了起来。
________ (inform) of the news of returning to school, the children jumped with joy.
答案解析:连词:0个 → 需1个谓语。已有谓语:jumped(1个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。逻辑主语children与inform是被动关系(孩子们被通知),原因状语 → Informed(句首大写)
44. 与父亲的童年相比,我的童年相当快乐。
My childhood is quite happy ________ (compare) with my father's childhood.
答案解析:连词:0个 → 需1个谓语。已有谓语:is(1个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。逻辑主语childhood与compare是被动关系(童年被比较),方式状语 → compared
45. 面对紧急情况,我们应该保持冷静并互相帮助。
________ (face) with emergencies, we should keep calm and help each other.
答案解析:连词:1个(and并列连词)→ 需2个谓语。已有谓语:should keep、help(2个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。逻辑主语we与face是被动关系(我们面对/被面对),faced with已形容词化,条件状语 → Faced(句首大写)
46. 被这部电影深深打动,她流下了眼泪。
________ (move) by the film, she shed tears.
答案解析:连词:0个 → 需1个谓语。已有谓语:shed(1个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。逻辑主语she与move是被动关系(她被打动),原因状语 → Deeply moved / Moved(句首大写)
47. 和安静的姐姐相比,弟弟更加活泼好动。
________ (compare) with his quiet sister, the younger brother is more lively.
答案解析:连词:0个 → 需1个谓语。已有谓语:is(1个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。逻辑主语brother与compare是被动关系(弟弟被比较),方式状语 → Compared(句首大写)
48. 以一个真实故事为基础,这部电影很受欢迎。
________ (base) on a true story, the film is very popular.
答案解析:连词:0个 → 需1个谓语。已有谓语:is(1个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。逻辑主语film与base on是被动关系(电影基于真实故事),原因/方式状语 → Based(句首大写)
49. 他致力于科研工作,无暇顾及家庭事务。
________ (devote) to his scientific research, he has no time for family matters.
答案解析:连词:0个 → 需1个谓语。已有谓语:has(1个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。逻辑主语he与devote是被动关系(他致力于→被投入),devoted to已形容词化,原因状语 → Devoted(句首大写)
50. 这位旅行者被大自然的美丽所吸引,决定多留两天。
________ (attract) by the beauty of nature, the traveler decided to stay two more days.
答案解析:连词:0个 → 需1个谓语。已有谓语:decided(1个),谓语已满 → 填非谓语。逻辑主语traveler与attract是被动关系(旅行者被吸引),原因状语 → Attracted(句首大写)
ANSWER KEY 参考答案速查
Quick Reference
一、语法填空 1-20(过去分词作表语)
1. admitted 2. associated 3. equipped 4. cheated 5. employed
6. engaged 7. preserved 8. aimed 9. prepared 10. preferred
11. absorbed 12. burned/burnt 13. Delighted 14. astonished 15. connected
16. cut 17. lost 18. stuck 19. married 20. related
二、语法填空 21-40(过去分词作状语)
21. accompanied 22. Warned 23. accepted 24. Offered 25. Adapted
26. Motivated 27. seated 28. scheduled 29. Asked 30. Sponsored
31. Engaged 32. understood 33. awarded 34. based 35. Impressed
36. Established 37. surrounded 38. expected 39. announced 40. dressed
三、完成句子 41-50
41. lost
42. feel caught between
43. Informed
44. compared
45. Faced
46. Deeply moved / Moved
47. Compared
48. Based
49. Devoted
50. Attracted
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