Unit 8 Section A Grammar（同步实用课件）-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册同步实用课件（新教材人教版）

该初中英语课件聚焦现在完成时核心语法，涵盖for/since用法区别及延续性与非延续性动词转换。通过互动问题“ How long have you been classmates?”导入，结合for/since选择练习建立基础，逐步过渡到动词形式判断、延续性动词转换练习，构建从基础到应用的学习支架。 其亮点在于以真实志愿者情境为语料，通过对话表格、错误案例对比（如“left→been away”）培养思维品质，分层练习（填空、短文、翻译）提升语言能力，整合词汇（如charity, help out）促进学习能力。学生能在情境中掌握语法应用，教师可获得系统教学资源与多样化练习设计，提升教学效率。

Unit 8 Making a Difference Section A Grammar Focus Have you been to our animal shelter before? No, I haven't. But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time. Has she ever done volunteer work? Yes, she has. She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August. How long have you been a volunteer? I have been a volunteer here for a few months. How long has he worked as a volunteer at the museum? He has volunteered here since his summer holidays started. Read the sentences. How are for and since used differently? 4a 现在完成时定义： 2. 表示从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态。 1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 现在完成时构成： have / has +过分 现在完成时时间状语 / 标志词： 以前 最近地 到目前为止 两次 从不 刚刚 曾经 已经 仍然，还 在过去的几年里 这一周以来 多年来 for since before recently so far twice never just ever already yet in the last / past few years during this week over these years +时间段 +时间点 For & Since For & Since Learn the usage of the past continuous tense. But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time. She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August. since后面接时间点或从句，强调动作或状态的开始时间。 for后面接时间段，强调动作或状态的持续时间。 什么是时间段？什么是时间点呢？ Learn the usage of time point vs time period. 时间 5:30 five years three minutes 2015 May 5 two months 判断 易混点：时间点vs时间段 易混点：时间点vs时间段 时间点指的是具体的时间，比如1点、4月7日、2026年12月； 时间段指的是一段时间内，比如说三点到四点，中间这一个小时就是一段时间。 时间点 时间点 时间段 时间点 时间段 时间段 How long have you been classmates? 1. We have been classmates _________ 2024. since 2. We have been classmates _________ almost two years. for 3. We have been classmates _________ two years ago. since 4. We have been classmates _________ we joined Jindongfang Middle School. since 5. We have studied in the classroom ________ a long time. for for since? or Lead in. Fill in the blanks with for or since. 1．I have owned the toy bear ________ more than six years. 2．He has worked as a policeman ________ ten years. 3．They have worked here ________ June. 4．She has studied English ________ she was five. 5．We’ve known each other ________ we were primary school students. for for since since since Learn about the structure of the present perfect tense. （1）现在完成时+for+一段时间 ▶ We have known each other for twenty years. 我们认识有二十年了。 （2）现在完成时+since+表示过去的时间点 ▶ Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 自从1984年史密斯先生就在这里工作。 （3）现在完成时+since+从句 ▶ I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿。 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets and for or since. 4b 1. This college student enjoys volunteering for the army. She_____________(teach) English to the soldiers _____ three years. 2. I__________(be) a member of the Red Cross for six years. I have made a lot of friends ________I joined the organization. 3. Mr Wu has taught in a primary school as a volunteer ________ two years now. _________he started working there, he __________(help) many students. 4. The organization___________(train) over 6,000 volunteers __________it began to offer classes three years ago. has taught for have been since for Since has helped has trained since I love being a volunteer! I____________(work) with a sports organization for almost three years now. Since I started, I ____________ (help) out at over ten different sports events. I ____________(make) many new friends and I ______ even ________(meet) many famous athletes. For example, I ______(meet) two national football players from Argentina last month. They were at a stadium for a charity match. The stadium _______(be) so big that they_______ (get) lost. I gave them directions and they________ (smile) and____________(thank) me warmly. I am proud to be a volunteer. Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. 4c have worked have helped have made have met met was got smiled thanked （Tips：首先判断该句是现在完成时还是一般过去时，如何判断） I _______________ (volunteer) at this hospital since 2021. She ________ (start) volunteering two years ago. They __________ (be) friends for ten years. He ________ (join) the volunteer group last month. We _____________ (clean) up the beach since 8 a.m. this morning. My sister ____________ (not / eat) anything since breakfast. The old man __________ (live) in this village for 60 years. I _____ (see) that movie when I was ten. They _____________ (collect) over 1,000 books so far. She __________ (be) a volunteer at the museum since she graduated. 判断并填写正确的动词形式（现在完成时或一般过去时） have volunteered started have been joined have cleaned hasn't eaten has lived saw have collected has been sb have / has been to+sp sb have / has gone to +sp sb have / has been in +sp +时间段 某人去过某地 人已经回来 某人去了某地 人现在还在那里，没回来 某人在某地待了多久 强调持续状态 ever, never, twice, three times, before 不能和次数连用 必须加时段 （for/since） 1. Sorry, Mr. Wang isn't in the office right now. He ____________ the airport to pick up a foreign guest. 2. We ____________ this beautiful coastal city for nearly five years, and we really love living here. 3. My grandparents ____________ Mount Huang twice, and they always talk about the beautiful sunrise there. 4. He ____________ Canada since he graduated from university in 2019. 5. _________ you ever __________ the new science museum that opened last month? 6. The twins ____________ their uncle's farm in the countryside. They won't come back until Sunday evening. has gone to have been in have been to has been in Have been to have gone to 1. 延续性动词 = 能一直做、能 "扛时间" 的动作 就是你可以拿着秒表计时，这个动作能持续几秒、几分钟、几小时甚至几年。 ✅ 常见例子： 睡觉（sleep）：能睡 8 小时 学习（study）：能学一下午 住（live）：能住 10 年 工作（work）：能工作一整天 等（wait）：能等半小时 拥有（have）：能拥有一本书很多年 2. 非延续性动词 = 一瞬间就完、"扛不住时间" 的动作 也叫瞬间动词，动作从开始到结束只有零点几秒，没有持续过程。 ✅ 常见例子： 开门（open）：钥匙一转就开了 到达（arrive）：脚一落地就到了 买（buy）：付钱拿东西就结束了 死（die）：人断气就死了 借（borrow）：接过东西就借完了 开始（begin）：上课铃一响就开始了 We left home four days ago. We have left home for four days. ❌left是短暂性动词 ✅ We have been away from home for four days. 非延续性动词绝对不能和 for/since（表持续多久）连用 ❌ 错误：I have bought the book for 3 days. （"买" 这个动作不可能持续 3 天，难道你付了 3 天钱？） ✅ 正确：I have had the book for 3 days. （把瞬间的 "买" 换成能持续的 "拥有"） 非延续性动词 延续性动词 现在完成时 borrow buy come go leave become put on move to keep have / has kept have have / has had be here have / has been here be there have / has been there be away(from) have / has been away(from) be have / has been wear have / has worn live in have / has lived in close be closed have / has been closed open be open have / has been open marry be married have / has been married fall asleep be asleep have / has been asleep begin / start be on have / has been on go out be out have / has been out get to / reach / arrive be in / at have / has been in / at die be dead have / has been dead finish / end be over have / has been over join be in / be a member of have / has been in / have / has been a member of 1. I ___________ (buy) that interesting science fiction book written by Liu Cixin for 3 days. 2. She ___________ (borrow) my new blue mountain bike with a comfortable seat since last Monday. 3. His kind grandfather who loved planting flowers in the backyard ___________ (die) for 5 years. 4. They ___________ (arrive)the beautiful capital city Beijing with many ancient buildings for a month. 5. We ___________ (leave) from our small peaceful hometown with green mountains and clear rivers since 2020. 6. They ___________ (mary) to each other and lived in a warm house with a lovely garden for 10 years. 7. The new coffee shop near our school with delicious cakes and milk tea for ___________ (open) hours. 8. The cute baby girl with big eyes and long eyelashes for___________ (fall asleep) an hour. have had has kept has been dead have been in have been away have been married has been open has been asleep Learn the continuous verbs and discontinuous verbs 延续性动词与非延续性动词 （1）含义： 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。 短暂性动词（非延续性动词）也叫终止性动词、瞬间动词等，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后即刻停止。 Learn the usage of continuous verbs and discontinuous verbs. 用法 ①常见的延续性动词有 learn、work、live、know、walk、watch、sleep、stay、wait、keep 等。延续性动词可以与表示一段时间的状语连用，如 how long、for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、since 引导的时间状语从句（一般过去时）、since+一段时间+ago 等。 ②常见的非延续性动词有 open、close、die、begin、come、go、borrow、lend、buy、move 等，表示某个动作的结果还存在，但不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。有些非延续性动词可以用延续性动词替换。 ③在否定句中，非延续性动词可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。 e.g. I haven’t heard from my friend for three weeks. 我已经有三个星期没有收到我朋友的来信了。 at a nursing home stay active care for/look after / take care of come along help out volunteer for the army work..as... primary school warmly thank me for example a charity match get lost you been to our animal shelter long has he worked as a volunteer taught in a primary school for two years have been a member so big that they got lost She has worked at the nursing home ______ two months. He has been a volunteer ______ he was in primary school. They have collected 500 bottles ______ last Friday. I haven’t seen my friend ______ a long time. Our club has helped the elderly ______ 2021. The boy has had this toy ______ three years. We have planted over 200 trees ______ the project started. She has known her best friend ______ she was five. The volunteers have been busy ______ several hours. I have wanted to be a volunteer ______ I watched that movie. Fill in the blanks by using “for” or “since”. for since since for since for since since for since 巩固练习 I _______________ (volunteer) at this hospital since 2021. She ________ (start) volunteering two years ago. They __________ (be) friends for ten years. He ________ (join) the volunteer group last month. We _____________ (clean) up the beach since 8 a.m. this morning. My sister ____________ (not / eat) anything since breakfast. The old man __________ (live) in this village for 60 years. I _____ (see) that movie when I was ten. They _____________ (collect) over 1,000 books so far. She __________ (be) a volunteer at the museum since she graduated. 判断并填写正确的动词形式（现在完成时或一般过去时） have volunteered started have been joined have cleaned hasn't eaten has lived saw have collected has been 1. since /sɪns/ prep. & conj. 自从；自……以来 用法：后接时间点或过去时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时。 常见搭配：since 2019, since last week, since I was a child 辨析：since + 时间点；for + 时间段。 讲 练 She has been a volunteer since last August. He has worked here since he left school. 例 填空：I have been a teacher ______ 2015. 翻译：自从他加入这个组织以来，他帮助了许多人。 since He has helped many people since he joined this organization. 2. charity /ˈtʃærəti/ n. 慈善机构（或组织）；慈善事业 固定搭配：charity match（慈善比赛），donate to charity（向慈善机构捐款） 词性转换：形容词 charitable（慈善的；仁慈的） 用法：可数或不可数名词。 讲 练 They were at a stadium for a charity match. He often gives money to charity. 例 填空：The concert raised money for a local ______. 翻译：这家慈善机构帮助无家可归的人。 charity This charity helps homeless people. 3. warmly /ˈwɔːmli/ adv. 热情地；温暖地 词性转换：形容词 warm（温暖的；热情的） 固定搭配：thank warmly（热情感谢），greet warmly（热情问候） 用法：副词修饰动词。 讲 练 They smiled and thanked me warmly. She warmly welcomed the guests. 例 填空：The old man smiled ______ at the children. 翻译：志愿者热情地帮助了游客。 warmly The volunteers helped the tourists warmly. 4. help out v短语 分担工作；帮忙做 用法：动词短语，可带宾语 help sb. out。 固定搭配：help out with something（帮忙做某事） 同义表达：lend a hand 讲 练 I helped out at ten different sports events. She helped him out with his homework. 例 填空：Can you ____________ with the clean-up after the match? 翻译：我经常在养老院帮忙。 help out I often help out at the nursing home. 一、选词填空。 My uncle has been a (1) ______ in the (2) ______ for five years. He also does volunteer work. He has taught in a (3) ______ school (4) ______ two years. He has helped out at a (5) ______ since last year. He (6) __________ at the charity every weekend. The children he teaches always smile (7) ______ at him. He (8) _________ a volunteer (9) ______ he was young. I think he is a great soldier because he always tries to help out (10) ______. soldier for since charity warmly help out primary soldier army be others army primary for charity helps out warmly has been since others 1. She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August. ——自从去年八月起，她就一直在养老院当志愿者。 2. I have made many new friends and I have even met many famous athletes. ——我交了很多新朋友，甚至还见过许多著名运动员。 3. They smiled and thanked me warmly. ——他们微笑着，热情地感谢了我。 4. 我在这家慈善机构帮忙已经有三年了。 ——I have helped out at this charity for three years. 5. 自从他加入军队以来，他交了许多朋友。 ——He has made many friends since he joined the army. 6. 士兵们热情地欢迎了这些孩子。 ——The soldiers welcomed the children warmly. 二、翻译句子。 基础作业：完成《名师学案》对应课时。 进阶作业：描述你自己或他人的志愿者经历，尽量用现在完成时，for和since 描述。 Homework $