2026年福建省命卷比赛作品 2026届福建省漳平市高考英语自编模拟卷

**基本信息** 该模拟卷聚焦高考英语核心素养，以科技前沿（生物计算机）、社会热点（环保行为）、文化传承（传统剪纸、文人赏石）为素材，原创题占比高，情境真实且具思想性，适配高考命题趋势。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |听力|20题/30分|日常对话、社会话题|场景贴近生活，考查信息抓取与推理| |阅读理解|20题/50分|环保数据、文学评论、科技进展、成长哲理|图表分析与深度推理结合，强化思维品质| |语言应用|15题/15分|动词短语、文化词汇|融入传统艺术情境，考查语境运用| |语法填空|10题/15分|时态、连接词、固定搭配|依托文人赏石文化，检测语法准确性| |应用文写作|1题/15分|倡议书写|结合绿色校园，提升语言表达与社会责任感| |读后续写|1题/25分|跨文化适应|通过故事续写，培养叙事逻辑与文化意识|

null 2026年福建省命卷比赛作品 2026届福建省高考英语自编模拟卷 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分） 注意事项： 1．答题前，考生务必用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将自己的准考证号、姓名、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上，用2B铅笔在“考场号”和“座位号”栏相应位置填涂自己的考场号和座位号，将条形码粘贴在答题卡“条形码粘贴处”。 2．作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑：如需改动，用塑料橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。 3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上：如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 4．考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第I卷（选择题95分） 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。 1. How did Linda get her jacket? A. She borrowed it. B. She traded a coat for it. C. She received it as a gift. 2. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. Major choice. B. University cost. C. Job prospect. 3. How did the man feel about his skiing experience? A. Easy but boring. B. Fun but dangerous. C. Hard but rewarding. 4. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. At a dry cleaner’s. B. In a tailor’s shop. C. In a clothes store. 5. What program do the speakers decide to watch? A. A reality show. B. A documentary. C. A news review. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题都有5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。 听第6段录音，回答第6、7题。 6. How much will the woman’s new ticket cost in total? A. $370. B. $350. C. $320. 7. Why does the woman need to go to the service desk? A. To pay extra fee. B. To fetch her ticket. C. To complete the paperwork. 听第7段录音，回答第8至10题。 8. What causes the delay in the decoration work? A. The bad weather. B. The lack of materials. C. The shortage of workers. 9. How does the man feel about the situation? A. Optimistic. B. Regretful. C. Annoyed. 10. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Neighbors. B. Husband and wife. C. Worker and houseowner. 听第8段录音，回答第11至13题。 11. Why is David apologizing to Alex? A. He broke Alex’s guitar. B. He made fun of Alex. C. He missed the family party. 12. What did David do before apologizing? A. Practise guitar. B. Build up confidence. C. Reflect on the trick. 13. What is Alex’s attitude towards David’s apology? A. Appreciative. B. Unforgiving. C. Unconcerned. 听第9段录音，回答第14至17题。 14. What was Sarah’s primary goal in starting the Living Library? A. To provide more facts for students. B. To help university librarians find jobs. C. To promote understanding between people. 15. What do we know about the “Living Books”? A. They explain the content of novels. B. They are from all walks of life. C. They offer practical life advice. 16. What does Sarah find most challenging about her work? A. Clarifying rules to strangers. B. Raising funds for the library. C. Encouraging volunteers to share. 17. What is the main focus of the project for the next stage? A. Expanding book types. B. Digitalizing local history. C. Circulating lasting stories. 听第10段录音，回答第18至20题。 18. What is foraging? A. A way to grow food in cities. B. A proposal to protect wild plants. C. A practice of collecting wild food. 19. What is the main purpose of the Wild Biome Project? A. To test the effects of wild food on health. B. To teach people how to identify wild plants. C. To encourage people to get closer to nature. 20. Why does Rob Gould support foraging? A. He considers it very practical. B. He believes it increases nutrition. C. He thinks it can help treat anxiety. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 A Household consumption and daily behavior are key contributors to urban carbon emissions. Official environmental data indicates that residential greenhouse gas emissions account for roughly 30 percent of urban carbon output. Unlike large-scale industrial pollution, household emissions stem from ordinary daily routines, yet consistent small improvements can deliver substantial environmental benefits. The chart below presents comprehensive data on four widely advocated eco-friendly household practices, covering annual carbon reduction, implementation difficulty and public popularity. Chart: Key Data of Four Household Green Behaviors (Annual Data per Household) Behavior Types Carbon Reduction Implementation Difficulty Popularity Rate Water conservation 85kg / year Easy 68% Household waste sorting 120kg / year Moderate 75% Use of energy-efficient devices 260kg / year Moderate 52% Low-carbon daily travel 310kg / year Relatively hard 45% Among these routine green strategies, low-carbon daily travel delivers the most significant carbon reduction, reaching 310 kilograms per household annually. However, it ranks the lowest in popularity rate, as it requires people to change long-term travel habits and is relatively difficult to stick to. Energy-efficient household devices rank second in emission reduction. Though such equipment brings remarkable eco-benefits, its popularity is not high due to replacement costs. In contrast, water conservation and waste sorting are easier to implement and gain wider public acceptance. Waste sorting remains a fundamental and cost-effective eco-friendly practice. Properly classified recyclables lower the demand for resource exploitation and raw material processing, while standardized kitchen waste disposal prevents methane release, a potent greenhouse gas. Though water conservation shows the slightest immediate carbon-cutting effect, it carries far-reaching environmental value. Municipal water purification and delivery systems consume vast amounts of energy, meaning efficient water use indirectly reduces fossil fuel consumption and overall carbon emissions. Environmental analysts argue that individual sustainable behaviors are far from insignificant. A widespread public misconception is that personal efforts can barely influence global ecological protection. In fact, when millions of households maintain these simple green routines, the accumulated environmental gains will be remarkably impressive. “Sustainable living is not an empty slogan but a set of actionable daily choices. Small, steady individual efforts can collectively slow global warming and safeguard planetary ecosystems,” stressed senior environmental researcher Li Hua. 21.（原创）Which activity produces the largest annual carbon reduction per family? A. Saving water in daily life. B. Classifying domestic garbage. C. Installing energy-saving home appliances. D. Choosing low-carbon ways to travel. 22.（原创）What lies behind the long-term environmental value of saving household water? A. It indirectly cuts the consumption of fossil fuels. B. It effectively stops methane from escaping into air. C. It helps improve the efficiency of power plants nationwide. D. It greatly lowers families’ regular living expenses. 23.（原创）What can we infer from the statistics and analysis of the four green behaviors? A. Easy-to-do green actions always achieve the best carbon reduction. B. High carbon-reduction practices fail to win wide public acceptance generally. C. Waste sorting gains top popularity mainly for its biggest eco-effect. D. Household emissions have become the leading cause of urban pollution. B Most people read literary works for entertainment or moral inspiration, but The Quiet Strength, a newly-published non-fiction book by British writer Elara Hayes, offers readers a rare and down-to-earth perspective on ordinary people’s perseverance in ordinary life. Different from biographies of celebrities that pursue dramatic plots and legendary experiences, this book focuses on common individuals who stick to kindness and persistence amid trivial struggles and endless uncertainties. The author spent five years interviewing more than thirty ordinary people from all walks of life, including community volunteers, elderly craftsmen, rural teachers and single working parents. Instead of beautifying their life experiences, Hayes records their real confusion, tiredness and hesitation when facing difficulties. What touches readers most is that these people never achieve earth-shaking success. They just choose to hold on, make small progress every day, and warm the people around them with their tiny strength. In the book, Hayes repeatedly stresses a core viewpoint: true courage is not the fearlessness in great moments, but the insistence in long and dull daily life. Many readers claim that the book has changed their attitude towards life. In an era that advocates quick success and instant benefits, The Quiet Strength reminds people that most valuable growth is hidden in persistent daily efforts. Though the book is highly praised by mainstream book reviewers, it also receives tiny criticism. Some readers argue that too many trivial life details make several chapters slightly repetitive and less attractive. Even so, it is still a worthwhile read for teenagers, especially for those who feel confused and anxious about study and life pressure. Books that can comfort people’s hearts and guide people forward are always timeless. The Quiet Strength does not bring stirring emotional impact or gorgeous words, but it gives every reader steady power to face ordinary life bravely. 24.（原创）What is the core characteristic of The Quiet Strength? A. It records legendary experiences of world-famous celebrities. B. It creates thrilling plots to entertain ordinary readers. C. It provides practical solutions to social uncertainties. D. It presents genuine life stories of ordinary people. 25.（原创）Why do numerous readers get deeply moved by the characters in the book? A. They keep moving forward with little progress day by day. B. They eventually accomplish extraordinary achievements in life. C. The author polishes their tough life into perfect stories. D. All characters are drawn from well-known historical figures. 26.（原创）What can we infer about Hayes’ understanding of real courage? A. Being fearless when facing life-changing emergencies. B. Chasing instant success amid fast-paced modern life. C. Sticking to daily routines amid plain and boring life. D. Changing personal attitudes against unavoidable hardships. 27.（原创）What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. The minor shortcomings of the non-fiction work. B. The lasting value and positive influence of the book. C. Ways for teenagers to reduce study anxiety. D. Popular writing styles of modern biographies. C Scientists across Europe and Australia are advancing an unconventional breakthrough: living biocomputers built around lab-grown human brain organoids, tiny mini-brains cultured from human stem cells, which could rewrite the energy rules that restrict traditional silicon-based computing. Unlike ordinary digital chips that burn massive electricity to process complex data, these biological processors rely on natural neural activity, cutting power consumption by more than one million times theoretically. Back in 2022, Australian biologists completed a landmark experiment: they wired clusters of cultivated human and mouse brain cells onto multi-electrode arrays（阵列）, electronic boards designed to send mild electrical signals to regulate cell reactions, and taught the cell groups to play the classic arcade game Pong. Without human operation, after dozens of missed attempts, these mini-brains quickly learned to adjust movement and hit back the floating ball within five minutes, a striking proof of organic computing’s learning capacity that astonished mainstream computer engineers. While large language models (LLMs) copy human thinking patterns with rigid programmed codes and consume huge server energy, organoid computers evolve their neural connections naturally as they receive new information, just as human brains do in daily learning. This core advantage has drawn investment from global tech giants, yet the innovation faces two unavoidable obstacles. First, researchers struggle to maintain stable growth of lab-cultured brain tissue for long-term industrial production; second, ethical disputes keep emerging over where to draw the line between cultured cell clusters and conscious life forms. Many scientists insist that instead of replacing conventional computers in daily consumer electronics, living biocomputers will first find wide application in drug tests. Since human organoids(类器官) share identical biological features with real human organs, drug firms can test new medicines on these mini-brains to predict side effects accurately, sharply reducing risky animal testing and clinical trial costs that have troubled the drug industry for decades. 28.（原创）The word “unconventional” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______. A. advanced B. brand-new C. innovative D. energy-saving 29. （原创）What is organoid biocomputers’ main advantage over silicon chips? A. They have fully replaced LLMs in scientific research. B. They can be used in all kinds of daily electronic equipment . C. They consume far less electric power during data processing. D. They are produced from cheap common industrial raw materials. 30.（原创）What do we learn about the 2022 Pong experiment from Paragraph 2? A. The cultured brain cells mastered the game independently after short training. B. Scientists controlled every small move of cell groups via remote equipment. C. The experiment was carried out to upgrade old arcade game products. D. Mouse brain cells showed better learning ability than human ones. 31.（原创）What will the author most probably talk about in the following paragraph? A. High purchasing cost of game-related testing devices. B. Drug companies’ refusal to abandon animal testing completely. C. Weak learning capacity of existing large language models. D. Detailed ethical arguments about cultured brain organoids. D Modern society is obsessed with the pursuit of ease. Driven by advancing technology, we have built a world that spares people from struggle, relieves discomfort, and eliminates daily obstacles, firmly believing that a trouble-free life equals a fulfilling one. Yet this universal pursuit of convenience has triggered a profound evolutionary mismatch, silently breeding widespread mental crises among contemporary individuals, especially the younger generation. Evolutionary psychology reveals a neglected truth: human beings are biologically and psychologically adapted to struggle. For millions of years, our ancestors survived and evolved amid constant physical and mental challenges. Daily hardship, unpredictable obstacles, and sustained cognitive effort were not exceptions but the fundamental conditions that shaped human psychological mechanisms. It is struggle, rather than comfort, that activates the brain’s adaptive growth system, cultivates self-efficacy, and constructs a stable sense of self-worth. The concept of “desirable difficulty” proposed by cognitive psychologists perfectly interprets this philosophical paradox. Proper struggle and controlled discomfort, though temporarily exhausting, bring deep and lasting self-improvement, while effortless acquisition merely creates an illusion of progress. Modern educational and parenting practices often misunderstand growth essence: numerous guardians deliberately clear all obstacles for children, pursuing a completely smooth growth path. Ironically, this well-intentioned elimination of hardship deprives individuals of the chance to exercise their psychological resilience, leaving them fragile, anxious, and incapable of coping with setbacks. Real self-growth is never a passive acceptance of comfort, but an active confrontation with difficulty. Trauma, setbacks, and struggles cannot be erased from life, but they can be philosophically transformed. What defines an individual is not the hardships they have endured, but the spiritual strength and self-awareness they gain from overcoming them. Every active response to discomfort reshapes people’s self-cognition, reinforces their sense of agency, and helps them escape the superficial self shaped by lazy ease. Technology’s original intention was to liberate humanity from trivial labor, but it has gradually weakened people’s willingness to struggle. In an era where AI replaces cognitive labor and technology simplifies almost all life processes, individuals must maintain rational self-awareness. Ease is only a temporary reward between struggles, not the ultimate goal of life. Only by embracing necessary difficulty can humans maintain psychological vitality, realize continuous self-transcendence, and construct a solid and authentic self in the age of convenience. 32. （原创）What consequence does over-protective parenting bring to kids? A. Strong psychological resilience against unexpected setbacks. B. Higher learning efficiency under comfortable living conditions . C. Strong desire to seek a totally effortless lifestyle forever. D. Poor capability to deal with difficulties and frustrations. 33.（原创）It can be inferred from the text that the author’s core opinion is that ______. A. Long-term comfort guarantees people’s sound mental development. B. Advanced technology helps people get rid of most life hardships. C. Meaningful personal growth roots from overcoming difficulties. D. People should embrace hardships for genuine self-improvement. 34.（原创）What is the author’s attitude toward people’s blind pursuit of easy life? A. Ambiguous. B. Critical. C. Sympathetic. D. Objective. 35. （原创）Which is the best title of the passage? A. Easy Life: Its Hidden Negative Effects on People. B. Hardship: Rules Behind Human Mental Growth. C. Difficulty: the Path to True Growth and Inner Strength. D. Technology: A Shaper of People’s Self-awareness. 第二节(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） Our muscles are commonly seen only as body parts for movement and strength training. 36.（原创）______ Scientific studies over the past two decades prove muscles act as a vital endocrine organ releasing myokines, tiny signal molecules flowing through blood to improve nearly every human organ system. 　　When muscles contract during any form of exercise, massive amounts of myokines get released into circulation. 37.（原创）______ For instance, the widely studied IL-6 rises over 100 times its resting level during moderate aerobic workouts like fast walking or cycling. These biochemical messengers travel across the whole body and carry diverse health rewards. 　　38.（原创）______ Myokines entering the brain stimulate the growth of brain cells and connections inside the hippocampus, a key region for memory and learning. Long-term regular exercise thus slows age-related memory decline and cuts risks of Alzheimer’s disease effectively. Besides brain protection, these molecules assist liver and fat cells in absorbing blood sugar steadily, greatly lowering the developing chance of type 2 diabetes. 　　Apart from physical advantages, myokines also shape people’s mental state positively. Multiple clinical surveys confirm daily 30-minute light exercise works equally well as mild anti-depression drugs for people with slight mood disorders. 39.（原创）______ Many fitness lovers report less stress and better sleep quality after sticking to consistent daily movement. 　　Nowadays more health experts call exercise “the cheapest available medical treatment”. People can gain all these hidden benefits simply by fitting small daily activities into tight schedules. 40.（原创）______ A. They differ largely in types and amounts. B. It brings unexpected improvements to daily moods. C. But this traditional understanding misses a key secret. D. One core advantage lies in its protection of human brains. E. Few ordinary people realize exercise’s hidden biochemical power. F. These small molecules deliver far more health gains than expected. G. Therefore people need no fancy high-intensity training to get healthy rewards. 第三部分 语言应用（共两节，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） Mr. Li, a high school English teacher, had always believed that teaching is a two-way process. However, he never fully understood the meaning of “mutual learning” until he met his student, Mia. 　　Mia was a reserved girl who seldom voiced her thoughts in class but always 41.______ original and creative writing works. While most students produced stereotyped compositions, Mia’s writings remained uniquely 42.______ and insightful. One day, Mr. Li invited her to 43.______ her personal story in front of the whole class. Surprisingly, Mia’s account of her grandmother’s traditional paper-cutting art was vivid and moving, containing distinctive cultural 44.______ that Mr. Li had never encountered in teaching materials. 　　After class, Mia 45.______ her growth experience and artistic insights with Mr. Li. She explained that she had 46.______ the traditional folk craft from her grandmother in her early childhood. Her lifelong 47.______ was to promote intangible cultural heritage among teenagers via literary creation. Mr. Li was deeply 48.______ by her sincere devotion to traditional art. 　　He suddenly 49.______ a profound educational truth: teaching and learning are interactive. For years, he had long 50.______ students with systematic language knowledge, yet Mia offered him a brand-new 51.______ of traditional art and cultural charm. From then on, Mr. Li 52.______ an innovative teaching approach. He consciously created opportunities for students to share their exclusive experiences and special skills in class. 53.______, he could absorb diverse life stories and cultural insights from his students, greatly enriching his teaching practice. 　　Meanwhile, students gained sufficient 54.______ and became more engaged in classroom interaction. Mr. Li always reflects on this experience and maintains a clear 55.______ that genuine teaching lies in mutual sharing and joint progress. 41.（原创）A. handed out B. handed over C. handed in D. handed on 42.（原创）A. plain B. fresh C. dull D. ordinary 43.（原创）A. tell B. state C. announce D. report 44.（原创）A.customs B. elements C. details D. features 45.（原创）A. recalled B. discussed C. shared D. described 46.（原创）A.built up B. took up C. made up D. picked up 47.（原创）A. dream B. wish C. goal D. ambition 48.（原创）A. touched B. confused C. impressed D. shocked 49.（原创）A. discovered B. realized C. spotted D. recognized 50.（原创）A. equipped B. filled C. furnished D. provided 51.（原创）A. vision B. perception C. perspective D. outlook 52.（原创）A.abandoned B. adapted C. approved D. adopted 53.（原创）A. Instead B. Besides C. Gradually D. Thus 54.（原创）A. confidence B. courage C. dignity D. enthusiasm 55.（原创）A. awareness B. insight C. opinion D. belief 第II卷（非选择题，共55分） 第2节 语法填空（共10题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上。 As a unique cultural heritage rooted in Chinese literati tradition, scholars’ rocks, oddly-shaped stones collected and appreciated by ancient intellectuals, 56.（原创）______ (regard) as the most silent and profound artwork in classical Chinese aesthetics. Unlike magnificent landscapes painted with splendid colors, these natural stones carry subtle philosophical meanings, making them 57.（原创）______ indispensable decoration in traditional Chinese gardens. What distinguishes Chinese stone appreciation culture from ordinary stone viewing is the spiritual pursuit behind it. Ancient scholars believed that rugged and hollow stones perfectly symbolize humility and tolerance, virtues 58.（原创）______ are highly valued in Confucianism. The more irregular the stone’s appearance is, the 59.（原创）______ (profound) its inner artistic conception becomes. Stone appreciation reached its peak in the Song Dynasty, a period 60.（原创）______ countless literati devoted themselves to this elegant hobby. They placed exquisite stones in their studies and courtyards 61.（原创）______ (gain) spiritual resonance between humanity and nature, thus 62.（原创）______ (form) a unique aesthetic system exclusive to Chinese scholars. This traditional practice is not merely for visual enjoyment 63.（原创）______ for spiritual self-cultivation. For centuries, the aesthetic criteria of scholar’s rocks, which focus on hollow textures and natural simplicity, 64.（原创）______ (remain) unchanged. Today, despite the impact of modern aesthetics, the ancient stone culture still wins wide 65.（原创）______ (recognize) across the world. 第4部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 应用文写作（15分）（原创） 假定你是校学生会主席李华，为响应绿色校园建设号召，落实劳动育人理念、守护校园生态环境，学校将开展“垃圾分类·绿植养护” 主题校园实践活动。请你面向全校学生写一封倡议书，内容包括： 1. 发起本次活动的目的； 2. 具体行动建议； 3. 发出倡议与号召。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear schoolmates, The Student Union 第二节 读后续写（满分25分）（改编） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 When I landed in a small town in New Zealand as an exchange student, I thought I was ready for everything—new faces, language barriers, strange social patterns and even homesickness. Still, the smallest things made me feel out of place. Luckily, the Wilsons, my host family, did everything they could to help me settle in—driving me around, sharing meals, and even letting me use their kitchen when I missed Chinese food. With their warmth and support, everything seemed to fall into place. But at school, small moments felt bigger than I'd imagined. In our first literature class, we discussed a Hemingway story. Everyone jumped in actively, while I struggled to speak up. My deskmate encouraged me, "Next time, just speak up. "I nodded, forcing a bitter smile. And just like that, I found myself in another cultural trap at Mrs Wilson's birthday dinner. At the table, I answered politely but kept mostly to myself. Mrs Wilsons noticed my silence and gently asked, "You alright, sweet girl? You're so quiet tonight. "My face reddened. Was my silence seen as cold, rather than polite? That night, restless and wide awake, I wondered if I needed to laugh louder, speak faster, or hide parts of myself just to feel I belonged. Questions flooded my mind, none with answers. A few days later, our teacher announced there would be a culture festival the following week. “You’ll prepare a stand to share your own culture—food, crafts, customs ... anything meaningful. You can not only display traditional culture but also create interactive experiences, allowing visitors to try new things, learn traditional skills and listen to cultural stories,” she said. The class lit up with excitement. I sat frozen, mind racing: how could I present my traditional culture properly in English? The thought filled me with anxiety. Yet, I gathered myself with a deep breath and signed up without hesitation. After that, I threw myself wholeheartedly into preparations until the festival day finally arrived. 注意: (1)续写词数应为150个左右; (2)请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 At the culture festival, I stood behind my stand, nervous but ready. From that day on, my world here started to change. 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $命题多维细目表 2026届福建省高考英语自编模拟卷命题多维细目表 课程内容 题号 题型 分值 能力层次 难易程度 试题情境 素养体现 识记 理解 应用 评价 创造 易 中 难 语言能力 文化意识 思维品质 学习能力 听力理解 1 短对话听力理解 1.5 √ √ 人与社会 √ 2 短对话听力理解 1.5 √ √ 人与社会 √ 3 短对话听力理解 1.5 √ √ 人与自我 √ 4 短对话听力理解 1.5 √ √ 人与社会 √ 5 短对话听力理解 1.5 √ √ 人与社会 √ 6 长对话听力理解 1.5 √ √ 人与社会 √ 7 长对话听力理解 1.5 √ √ 人与社会 √ 8 长对话听力理解 1.5 √ √ 人与社会 √ 9 长对话听力理解 1.5 √ √ 人与社会 √ 10 长对话听力理解 1.5 √ √ 人与社会 √ 11 长对话听力理解 1.5 √ √ 人与社会 √ 12 长对话听力理解 1.5 √ √ 人与社会 √ 13 长对话听力理解 1.5 √ √ 人与社会 √ 14 长对话听力理解 1.5 √ √ 人与社会 √ 15 长对话听力理解 1.5 √ √ 人与社会 √ 16 长对话听力理解 1.5 √ √ 人与社会 √ 17 长对话听力理解 1.5 √ √ 人与社会 √ 18 独白听力理解 1.5 √ √ 人与自然 √ 19 独白听力理解 1.5 √ √ 人与自然 √ 20 独白听力理解 1.5 √ √ 人与自然 √ 阅读理解 21 细节理解 2.5 √ √ 人与自然 √ 22 细节理解 2.5 √ √ 人与自然 √ 23 推理判断 2.5 √ √ 人与自然 √ √ 24 细节理解 2.5 √ √ 人与社会+人与自我 √ 25 细节理解 2.5 √ √ 人与社会+人与自我 √ 26 推理判断 2.5 √ √ 人与社会+人与自我 √ √ 27 主旨大意 2.5 √ √ 人与社会 √ √ 28 词义猜测 2.5 √ √ 人与社会 √ √ 29 细节理解 2.5 √ √ 人与社会 √ 30 细节理解 2.5 √ √ 人与社会 √ 31 推理判断 2.5 √ √ 人与社会 √ √ 32 细节理解 2.5 √ √ 人与自我 √ 33 推理判断 2.5 √ √ 人与自我 √ √ 34 观点态度 2.5 √ √ 人与自我 √ √ 35 主旨大意 2.5 √ √ 人与自我 √ √ 36 段中设空 2.5 √ √ 人与自我 √ √ 37 段中设空 2.5 √ √ 人与自我 √ √ 38 段首设空 2.5 √ √ 人与自我 √ √ 39 段中设空 2.5 √ √ 人与自我 √ √ 40 段尾设空 2.5 √ √ 人与自我 √ √ 语言应用 41 动词短语 1 √ √ 人与社会+人与自我 √ 42 形容词 1 √ √ 人与社会+人与自我 √ 43 动词 1 √ √ 人与社会+人与自我 √ 44 名词 1 √ √ 人与社会+人与自我 √ √ 45 动词 1 √ √ 人与社会+人与自我 √ 46 动词短语 1 √ √ 人与社会+人与自我 √ 47 名词 1 √ √ 人与社会+人与自我 √ √ 48 形容词 1 √ √ 人与社会+人与自我 √ 49 动词 1 √ √ 人与社会+人与自我 √ √ 50 动词 1 √ √ 人与社会+人与自我 √ 51 名词 1 √ √ 人与社会+人与自我 √ √ 52 动词 1 √ √ 人与社会+人与自我 √ 53 副词 1 √ √ 人与社会+人与自我 √ 54 名词 1 √ √ 人与社会+人与自我 √ 55 名词 1 √ √ 人与社会+人与自我 √ √ 56 动词时态语态 1.5 √ √ 人与社会 √ √ 57 冠词 1.5 √ √ 人与社会 √ 58 定语从句 1.5 √ √ 人与社会 √ 59 形容词比较级 1.5 √ √ 人与社会 √ 60 定语从句 1.5 √ √ 人与社会 √ 61 非谓语动词 1.5 √ √ 人与社会 √ 62 非谓语动词 1.5 √ √ 人与社会 √ 63 连词 1.5 √ √ 人与社会 √ 64 动词时态 1.5 √ √ 人与社会 √ 65 名词 1.5 √ √ 人与社会 √ √ 书面表达 66 应用文写作 15 √ √ √ √ √ √ 人与社会+人与自然 √ √ √ √ 67 读后续写 25 √ √ √ √ √ √ 人与自我+人与社会 √ √ √ √ 学 科 高中英语 命题来源 题号 出 处 46042 听力源自武汉市2026届高中毕业生5月供题 非原创 21-23 How Green is Household Behaviour? SUSTAINABLE CHOICES IN A TIME OF INTERLOCKING CRISES（OECD 2023） 原创 24-27 命题原创（仿《The Guardian》欧美书评文体） 原创 28-31 Scientists want to build 'living' computers—powered by live brain cells（National Geographic, 2025） 原创 32-35 The Overprotection Trap Every Parent Falls Into（Focus On Your Child） 原创 36-40 Skeletal Muscle as an Endocrine Organ: The Role of Myokines in Exercise Adaptations（PMC） 原创 41-55 完形填空：阅读理解改编 原创 56-65 Museums bask in spotlight of cultural appeal（Chinadaily.com.cn） 原创 66 原创 原创 67 续写原文：由2026广东大湾区一模，深度改编 改编 题号 难度系数 1 0.78 2 0.75 3 0.72 4 0.7 5 0.76 6 0.65 7 0.68 8 0.62 9 0.6 10 0.58 11 0.66 12 0.63 13 0.59 14 0.55 15 0.57 16 0.53 17 0.51 18 0.61 19 0.56 20 0.52 21 0.8 22 0.73 23 0.6 24 0.74 25 0.71 26 0.62 27 0.65 28 0.58 29 0.61 30 0.55 31 0.42 32 0.63 33 0.48 34 0.45 35 0.4 36 0.72 37 0.69 38 0.64 39 0.67 40 0.7 41 0.75 42 0.7 43 0.73 44 0.68 45 0.71 46 0.66 47 0.64 48 0.67 49 0.69 50 0.62 51 0.57 52 0.65 53 0.68 54 0.7 55 0.61 56 0.74 57 0.77 58 0.72 59 0.69 60 0.66 61 0.7 62 0.63 63 0.68 64 0.6 65 0.71 66 0.63 67 0.56 试卷难度系数 0.55-0.62 $ 2026届福建省高考英语自编模拟卷参考答案及解析 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第1节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分 1-5：BACAB 第2节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 6-10：ACAAB 11-15：BCACB 16-20：CBCAB 阅读理解 (共两节，满分50分) 第2部分 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 21-23：DAB 24-27.DACB 28-31.BCAD 32-35.DCBC 第二节(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 36-40：CADBG 第三部分 语言应用（共两节，满分30分） 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 41-46：CBABC 46-50：DCABA 51-55.CDDAD 语法填空（共10题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 56. are regarded 57. an 58. that/which 59. profounder 60. when 61. to gain 62. forming 63. but 64. have remained 65. recognition 第四部分 写作 （共两节，满分40分） 应用文写作15分 Dear schoolmates, Our school will launch a green campaign, which centers on garbage sorting and plant maintenance. Here are what we can do to participate actively. For one thing, standardized garbage classification greatly reduces waste pollution and makes full use of recyclable resources around us. For another, regular watering and trimming keep campus greenery thriving, freshening the air and beautifying our school environment all year round. Apart from personal practice, we are expected to spread eco-friendly ideas around us and influence more peers to go green actively. In effect, every individual effort is never trivial. On the whole, small deeds will bring remarkable changes. Let’s take action to safeguard our beautiful campus together! The Student Union 第二节 读后续写（满分25分） One possible version：美食主题 At the culture festival, I stood behind my stand, feeling nervous but ready. On the table lay neatly arranged traditional Chinese snacks, which I had carefully made the night before. With my palms sweating slightly, I faced the bustling crowd and felt a little anxious at first. Yet when several students paused to appreciate the delicate treats, I gathered my courage. Wearing a warm smile, I introduced time-honored Chinese food culture in fluent English. As the sweet scent drifted around, more visitors crowded over, and I chatted with them freely, inviting them to taste my homemade treats. From that day on, my world here started to change. I gradually got rid of my inner shyness and dared to speak and communicate actively in public. My classmates spoke highly of the unique beauty of Chinese traditional culture and my sincere sharing. I eventually figured out the true meaning of belonging. Instead of changing myself to fit others, I realized cultural differences are never a barrier but a warm bond. Little by little, I made genuine friends, fitted into the new community, and gained a precious sense of belonging in a foreign country. Another possible version：茶文化主题 At the culture festival, I stood behind my stand, nervous but ready. I had carefully prepared classic Chinese tea sets and fresh tea leaves to showcase traditional tea culture. Watching students wandering around different stands, my heart pounded fiercely and nervousness welled up inside me. I took a deep breath to calm down and began to demonstrate standard tea-making procedures. The fresh and elegant tea fragrance drifted in the air, attracting numerous audiences. I patiently explained tea culture’s origin and etiquette, guiding visitors to experience and taste the tea personally. From that day on, my world here started to change. I was no longer the shy girl who dared not express herself in public. My confident presentation and distinctive cultural display won sincere respect from teachers and classmates. I deeply realized that cultural differences were never obstacles but valuable bridges for cross-cultural communication. By bravely displaying my own culture, I built close connections with others. I gradually adapted to overseas life and embraced my new life with full confidence. 附听力材料 Text 1 M: Nice jacket Linda. Did your mom buy you this for your birthday? W: Actually I got it at a secondhand shop downtown.（1）I gave them my old winter coat and got this instead. Text 2 M: Have you decided which university to apply to? W:（2） I’m torn between engineering and environmental science. Engineering offers better job prospects, but I’m passionate about sustainability. Text 3 W: How was your first time skiing? M: （3）It was tougher than I expected. I fell at least 10 times,（3）but by the end of the day I could ski down a small hill without help. Text 4 W: （4）Can I have this dress ready by Friday? There are some spots on the collar M: We’ll try, but we need extra time because it is made of silk.（4）Here’s your pickup ticket. Text 5 W: Should we watch the reality show or the documentary? M: I’d skip the reality show.（5）The documentary on ocean micro plastics got excellent reviews. Let’s watch that. Text 6 W: Hello, I’d like to change my flight to London from Thursday to Friday. M: Certainly your（6）original ticket was 300 dollars, however, Friday is a busy day. W: Is there an extra cost? M: Yes, （6）there is a 50 dollar change fee plus a 20 dollar price difference for the new flight. Also, you have to（7）sign the confirmation form at the service desk within two hours. W: OK, I’ll go there right away. Text 7 W: I can’t believe the living room is still half painted. When will the workers finish? M: They said Friday.（8）But now they’re saying next week due to the rain. W: That’s too slow and the noise is driving me crazy. I can’t even hear myself think. M: I know, I talked to the neighbors. They are understanding for now. W: Let’s just hope it’s worth it with all these spending, our budget is getting tight. M:（9）（10）Don’t worry, honey. We plan for this just a few more weeks and we can finally relax in our own home. Text 8 M: Hey Alex, can I talk to you for a second? W: Sure, David, what’s up? M: Look about what happened at the party last week. I was wrong.（11）I shouldn’t have made that joke about your guitar playing in front of everyone. W: It wasn’t just a joke David. It was the way you kept going on about it. You know how nervous I get when I perform? M: I know （12）I’ve been thinking about it all week. It’s been eating me up inside. I didn’t mean to hurt to confidence. But I know I did. I came here to apologize. No excuses. W: I really appreciate that. You know, it took me months to gather the courage to play in front of the crowd. M: I was wrong. I’m working on being more supportive, so are we cool? W:（13）Yeah, we are cool, thanks for coming over, that takes courage. M: Thanks Alex, want to grab a coffee? W: Sure, I’d like that. Text 9 M: Welcome back. Today we’re interviewing Sarah who runs the living library in our city. Sarah, this concept is quite unique. What motivated you to start it? W: Well, I worked as a university librarian for years.（14）I realized that while books provide facts, they often can’t provide true understanding between different social groups. I wanted to bridge that gap through personal conversation. M: So, instead of borrowing a novel, visitors borrow a person for a talk? W: Exactly, （15）you can reserve 30 minutes with a living book, perhaps a firefighter, a professor or senior artist. M: That sounds amazing. So what has been the most demanding aspect of the project? W: It’s not the space or funding.（16）Some of our volunteers are often hesitant to share their personal life with strangers. I spend a lot of time clarifying our safety rules to them M: Next season, are you adding more books to the collection? W: Actually,（17）we will be recording these conversations to create a digital file of our local history. We want these stories to last forever. Text 10 People can easily get food from supermarkets, but historically humans survived by foraging.（18）That means searching for wild plants and mushrooms. Recently foraging has become popular again in the UK, with people walking into the countryside to collect eatable plants and fruit. The wild biome project, led by Monica Wilde, involves 26 foragers who’ve eaten only wild food for three months.（19）The goal is to see how wild food affects their health. Researchers believe natural, unprocessed foods can boost energy and strengthen immune defenses. One participant,（20）Rob Gould, strongly supports this. He says even if you can’t eat a fully wild diet, adding just a small amount of wild food can massively increase your nutrition intake. Another forager says foraging has improved her self worth. Acting as a natural treatment for anxiety. For this forager and many others. Foraging is not just about food, it also brings joy and connection to nature. 答案详解 第二部分 阅读理解 第一节 A篇 【体裁】：说明文 【主题语境】：人与自然 【主题群】：环境保护、低碳生活 【话题】：四种家庭环保行为的减碳效果、实施难度与普及度，阐释家庭日常低碳行为对城市减碳的重要意义 【文章大意】：家庭消费与日常行为是城市碳排放主要来源之一，住宅温室气体排放量约占城市碳排放量30%。文中表格对比了节水、垃圾分类、使用节能电器、低碳出行四种环保举措的年减碳量、实施难度和民众普及度；随后逐一分析各项行为的环保价值，最后点明：千万家庭坚持微小低碳习惯，累积起来能极大缓解全球变暖，个人可持续行为绝非无足轻重。 21. D 细节理解题 【定位句】Among these routine green strategies, low-carbon daily travel delivers the most significant carbon reduction, reaching 310 kilograms per household annually. 译文：在这些常规绿色举措里，低碳日常出行的减碳效果最为突出，每户每年可减碳310千克。 【逐项解析】A选项（日常生活节水）：表格显示节水年减碳仅85kg，数值最低，排除；B选项（生活垃圾分类）：垃圾分类年减碳 120kg，低于低碳出行与节能电器，排除；C选项（安装节能家电）：节能设备年减碳 260kg，位列第二，并非最高，排除；D选项（选择低碳出行方式）：对应定位句，310kg为四项里最高减碳量，为正确答案。 22. A 细节理解题 【定位句】Though water conservation shows the slightest immediate carbon-cutting effect, it carries far-reaching environmental value. Municipal water purification and delivery systems consume vast amounts of energy, meaning efficient water use indirectly reduces fossil fuel consumption and overall carbon emissions. 译文：尽管节水的即时减碳效果最弱，却具备深远环境价值。城市净水、输水系统会消耗大量能源，高效用水能够间接减少化石燃料消耗与整体碳排放。 【逐项解析】A选项（它间接减少化石燃料消耗）：完全匹配定位句核心逻辑，是节水长期环保价值的根源，正确；B选项（有效阻止甲烷释放到空气中）：原文提到遏制甲烷释放是垃圾分类的作用，和节水无关，张冠李戴，排除；C选项（助力提升全国发电厂效率）：文中无发电厂效率相关表述，无中生有，排除；D选项（大幅降低家庭日常开支）：全文未提及节水省钱，无关信息，排除。 23. B 推理判断题 【核心数据梳理】1、减碳量排名：低碳出行(310kg)＞节能电器(260kg)＞垃圾分类(120kg)＞节水(85kg)；2、普及度排名：垃圾分类(75%)＞节水(68%)＞节能电器(52%)＞低碳出行 (45%) 【逐项推理解析】A选项（易操作的环保行动总能实现最优减碳效果）：节水、垃圾分类操作简单，但二者减碳量远低于难度更高的低碳出行、节能电器，“always绝对化表述” 错误；B选项（高减碳量的举措普遍难以获得大众广泛认可）：减碳最高的低碳出行普及度最低，第二高的节能电器普及度也偏低；反观减碳量低、易操作的节水、垃圾分类普及度更高，符合数据规律，推理成立，正确；C选项（垃圾分类普及度第一，主要因为它环保效果最强）：垃圾分类减碳量仅排第三，它普及度高是因为实施难度适中，并非生态效果最好，因果错误，排除；D选项（家庭排放已成为城市污染首要成因）：原文仅说家庭排放是重要来源、约占城市碳排30%，并未提及“leading cause首要成因”，夸大文意，排除。 【重点词汇积累】 · household consumption 家庭消费 · carbon emissions 碳排放 · greenhouse gas 温室气体 · substantial environmental benefits 可观的环境效益 · implementation difficulty 实施难度 · popularity rate 普及度 · recyclables n. 可回收物 · methane n. 甲烷（强效温室气体） · fossil fuel 化石燃料 · planetary ecosystem 地球生态系统 【长难句拆解】 原句：A widespread public misconception is that personal efforts can barely influence global ecological protection. 结构拆分： 主句：A widespread public misconception is 表语从句：that personal efforts can barely influence global ecological protection 译文：大众普遍存在一种误区，认为个人努力几乎无法影响全球生态保护工作。 B篇 【体裁】：说明文 【主题语境】：人与社会 【主题群】：文学、文化与书籍赏析 【话题】：介绍英国作家 Elara Hayes 的纪实作品The Quiet Strength，讲述书籍内容、核心观点、读者评价与长久价值 【文章大意】：多数文学作品用于消遣或品德启迪，而这本新书聚焦普通人在平凡生活里的坚守；作者耗时五年采访各行各业普通人，如实记录他们的困顿疲惫，书中人物并无惊天成就，只是日日微小坚持；全书核心观点：真正的勇气并非重大时刻无所畏惧，而是漫长平淡日常里的坚守；书籍收获主流好评也存在少量批评，但依旧适合迷茫焦虑的青少年；它没有华丽辞藻，却能给予读者直面平凡生活的安稳力量，拥有长久抚慰人心的价值。 24. D 细节理解题 【定位句1】Different from biographies of celebrities that pursue dramatic plots and legendary experiences, this book focuses on common individuals who stick to kindness and persistence amid trivial struggles and endless uncertainties. 译文：它和追求戏剧化情节、传奇经历的名人传记不同，这本书聚焦于在琐碎困境与无尽未知中坚守善意、持之以恒的普通人。 【定位句2】The author spent five years interviewing more than thirty ordinary people from all walks of life... Instead of beautifying their life experiences, Hayes records their real confusion, tiredness and hesitation when facing difficulties. 译文：作者耗时五年采访三十多位各行各业普通人…… 海耶斯没有美化他们的人生经历，而是记录下他们遭遇困境时真实的迷茫、疲惫与踌躇。 【逐项解析】A选项（记录世界知名名人的传奇经历）：原文明确本书区别于名人传奇传记，主体是普通人，排除；B选项（打造刺激情节来取悦普通读者）：追求戏剧化情节是名人传记的特点，并非本书特色，排除；C选项（给出应对社会未知问题的实操办法）：全文无“提供解决方案”相关表述，无中生有，排除；D选项（展现普通人真实的人生故事）：贴合原文聚焦普通人、如实记录真实生活状态的核心特点，为正确答案。 25. A 细节理解题 【定位句】What touches readers most is that these people never achieve earth-shaking success. They just choose to hold on, make small progress every day, and warm the people around them with their tiny strength. 译文：最打动读者的一点是，这些人从未取得惊天动地的成就。他们只是选择坚持，每天取得一点点微小进步，用自身微薄的力量温暖身边人。 【逐项解析】A选项（他们日复一日稳步前行，收获点滴进步）：完全匹配定位句内容，是打动读者的核心原因，正确；B选项（他们最终在人生中取得非凡成就）：原文直言他们没有惊天伟业，与文意相反，排除；C选项（作者把他们艰辛的人生润色成完美故事）：文中说明作者没有美化经历，如实记录真实困顿，排除；D选项（所有人物都取材于知名历史人物）：人物全部来自现实里各行各业的普通民众，并非历史名人，排除。 26. C 推理判断题 【定位句】In the book, Hayes repeatedly stresses a core viewpoint: true courage is not the fearlessness in great moments, but the insistence in long and dull daily life. 译文：在书中，海耶斯反复强调一个核心观点：真正的勇气并非重大时刻里的无所畏惧，而是漫长枯燥日常生活中的持之以恒。 【逐项解析】A选项（面对改变人生的紧急状况时毫无畏惧）：这是作者否定的、大众认知里的勇气，并非作者理解的真正勇气，排除；B选项（快节奏现代生活中追逐速成成功）：书籍批判急功近利的风气，和作者勇气理念相悖，排除；C选项（平淡乏味的生活中坚持日常点滴）：精准对应定位句“the insistence in long and dull daily life”，推理成立，正确；D选项（直面无法规避的苦难时转变个人心态）：原文核心是“坚持”而非单纯“转变心态”，偏离作者核心定义，排除。 27. B 主旨大意题 段落原文：Books that can comfort people’s hearts and guide people forward are always timeless. The Quiet Strength does not bring stirring emotional impact or gorgeous words, but it gives every reader steady power to face ordinary life bravely. 段落大意：能够抚慰心灵、指引人前行的书籍永远经久不衰。The Quiet Strength没有震撼的情绪冲击与华丽辞藻，却赋予每位读者勇敢面对平凡生活的安稳力量。 【逐项解析】A选项（这本纪实作品的微小短板）：书籍的不足之处在上一段叙述，本段完全没有提及缺点，排除；B选项（这本书长久的价值与积极影响力）：首句点出抚慰人心的书籍拥有永恒价值，后句点明本书带给读者的正向精神力量，契合段落主旨，正确；C选项（青少年缓解学业焦虑的方法）：前文仅顺带提及本书适合焦虑青少年，本段没有讲减压办法，排除；D选项（现代传记流行写作风格）：本段没有对比、介绍写作风格，话题无关，排除。 【重点词汇积累】 · literary works 文学作品 · non-fiction book 纪实类书籍 · perseverance n. 毅力，坚守 · celebrity n. 名人 · trivial struggles 琐碎的困境 · earth-shaking success 惊天动地的成就 · instant benefits 速成、即时利益 · mainstream book reviewers 主流书评人 · repetitive adj. 重复的 · timeless adj. 永恒的，经久不衰的 【长难句拆解】 原句：Most people read literary works for entertainment or moral inspiration, but The Quiet Strength, a newly-published non-fiction book by British writer Elara Hayes, offers readers a rare and down-to-earth perspective on ordinary people’s perseverance in ordinary life. 结构拆分： 并列主句1：Most people read literary works for entertainment or moral inspiration 并列主句2：but The Quiet Strength offers readers a rare and down-to-earth perspective 同位语：a newly-published non-fiction book by British writer Elara Hayes（解释说明书名） 后置定语：on ordinary people’s perseverance in ordinary life（修饰perspective） 译文：大多数人阅读文学作品是为了消遣或是获得品德启迪，但英国作家埃拉拉・海耶斯全新出版的纪实作品《静默的力量》，为读者提供了一个难得且务实的视角，去看待普通人在平凡生活中的坚守。 C篇 【体裁】：说明文 【主题语境】：人与科学技术 【主题群】：前沿科技、生物计算机 【话题】：介绍以人工培育大脑类器官为核心的活体生物计算机，对比其与传统硅芯片、大语言模型的差异，讲述里程碑实验、发展阻碍与首要应用场景 【文章大意】：欧美澳科学家研发出新型活体生物计算机，依托干细胞培育的微型大脑打造，理论能耗比硅芯片低百万倍；2022年实验证实脑细胞集群可自主学习游戏，展现强大学习能力；生物计算机可像人脑一样自主进化神经链路，但存在组织长期稳定培育、伦理界定两大难题；它不会立刻取代日常电脑，最先会大规模用于新药副作用测试，削减动物实验与临床成本。 28. B 词义猜测题 单词：unconventional 【定位句】Scientists across Europe and Australia are advancing an unconventional breakthrough: living biocomputers built around lab-grown human brain organoids, tiny mini-brains cultured from human stem cells, which could rewrite the energy rules that restrict traditional silicon-based computing. 译文：欧洲和澳大利亚的科学家正在推进一项前所未有的突破性成果：以实验室培育的人类大脑类器官为基础打造活体生物计算机，这些由人类干细胞培育而成的微型大脑，有望改写制约传统硅基计算机的能耗格局。 【词义辨析与逐项解析】 A. advanced先进的：侧重技术水平高低，不突出“和传统不一样、全新问世”；B. brand-new全新的：传统计算机是硅芯片，这种人脑类器官计算机是从未有过的全新产物，贴合 unconventional“非传统的、前所未有的” 含义；C. innovative创新的：侧重改良优化，而本文是完全不同路径的新产物，程度匹配弱于brand-new；D. energy-saving 节能的：节能只是它的一项特点，并非这个breakthrough本身的词义，偷换概念，排除。 29. C 细节理解题 【定位句】Unlike ordinary digital chips that burn massive electricity to process complex data, these biological processors rely on natural neural activity, cutting power consumption by more than one million times theoretically. 译文：普通数字芯片处理复杂数据要消耗巨量电力，而这些生物处理器依靠天然神经活动运行，理论上能耗能降低一百万倍以上。 【逐项解析】A. 它们已在科研中完全取代大语言模型 (LLMs)：原文仅对比二者运作模式，无 “替换” 表述，完全取代属于过度夸大，排除；B. 它们可应用于所有日常电子设备：文末明确它不会先替代日常消费电子，“all kinds” 绝对化错误，排除；C. 数据处理时耗电量低得多：精准匹配定位句能耗悬殊对比，是核心优势，正确；D. 由廉价普通工业原材料制造：培育依靠人类干细胞、精密生物培养环境，文中未提原料廉价，无中生有，排除。 30. A 细节理解题 【定位句】Without human operation, after dozens of missed attempts, these mini-brains quickly learned to adjust movement and hit back the floating ball within five minutes, a striking proof of organic computing’s learning capacity that astonished mainstream computer engineers. 译文：全程无人操控，经过数十次失误尝试后，这些微型大脑很快学会调整动作，五分钟内就能回击浮动小球，有力印证了有机计算的学习能力，令主流计算机工程师大为震惊。 【逐项解析】A. 培育脑细胞经过短时训练独立掌握游戏：对应无人操控、数次尝试、五分钟学会击球，完全吻合文意，正确；B. 科学家通过远程设备把控细胞群每一个微小动作：原文 Without human operation（无人操作），和选项完全相反，排除；C. 开展实验是为升级老式街机游戏产品：实验目的是验证生物计算的学习能力，并非改良游戏机，曲解目的，排除；D. 小鼠脑细胞学习能力优于人类脑细胞：文中只同时用到两类细胞，没有对比二者强弱，无对比依据，排除。 31. D 推理判断题（下文预测） 【前文线索梳理】 第三段提出两大阻碍：①大脑组织长期稳定培育难；②培育细胞集群和有意识生命体的伦理界限争议； 第四段转而介绍首要应用场景 —— 药物测试，段落收尾结束应用介绍。按照行文逻辑，讲完应用后，会回头细化前文抛出的两大阻碍之一（伦理争议）。 【逐项解析】A. 游戏测试设备高昂采购成本：第二段游戏只是佐证学习能力的实验案例，不是文章讨论核心，不会展开设备造价，排除；B. 药企拒绝彻底舍弃动物实验：原文只说生物计算机能大幅减少动物实验，没有铺垫药企抵触态度，无下文铺垫，排除；C. 现有大语言模型薄弱的学习能力：第三段仅简单对比 LLM 与类器官计算机运作模式，不会回头深挖 LLM 短板，偏离行文脉络，排除；D. 关于人工培育大脑类器官的详细伦理争论：第三段明确抛出伦理纠纷这一大难题，是待展开的关键矛盾，最可能成为下一段论述内容，推理成立，正确。 【重点词汇积累】 · unconventional adj. 非传统的，全新的 · breakthrough n. 突破 · organoid n. 类器官 · stem cell 干细胞 · silicon-based computing 硅基计算 · power consumption 能耗 · multi-electrode arrays 多电极阵列 · neural connection 神经连接 · ethical disputes 伦理争议 · clinical trial 临床试验 【长难句拆解】 原句：Scientists across Europe and Australia are advancing an unconventional breakthrough: living biocomputers built around lab-grown human brain organoids, tiny mini-brains cultured from human stem cells, which could rewrite the energy rules that restrict traditional silicon-based computing. 结构拆分： 主句：Scientists across Europe and Australia are advancing an unconventional breakthrough 冒号后解释 breakthrough：living biocomputers（后置定语built around… 修饰） 同位语：tiny mini-brains cultured from human stem cells（解释brain organoids） 非限制性定语从句：which could rewrite the energy rules 定语从句：that restrict traditional silicon-based computing（修饰energy rules） 译文：欧洲和澳大利亚的科学家正在推进一项颠覆性突破：依托实验室培育的人类大脑类器官打造活体生物计算机——这些由人类干细胞培育而成的微型大脑，有望改写限制传统硅基计算的能耗机制。 D篇 【体裁】：议论文 【主题语境】：人与自我 【主题群】：心智成长、人生态度 【话题】：批判当下社会一味追求安逸的风气，论证适度磨难与奋斗才是人心理成长、塑造自我价值的核心途径，呼吁主动接纳必要困难 【文章大意】：现代社会沉迷追求安逸，科技为人们扫清生活磨难，但这种便捷追求造成进化失衡，滋生大众尤其是年轻人的心理危机；从进化心理学看，人类身心本就适应磨难，奋斗才能激活大脑成长体系、建立自我价值；“适宜性困难” 理论说明适度困境促成长久提升，而家长过度呵护会剥夺孩子心理韧性；真正成长源于主动直面困境，磨难可转化为精神力量；科技本意解放人力，却削弱了人的奋斗意愿，安逸只是奋斗间隙的奖励，接纳困难才能实现自我超越。 32. D 细节理解题 【定位句】Ironically, this well-intentioned elimination of hardship deprives individuals of the chance to exercise their psychological resilience, leaving them fragile, anxious, and incapable of coping with setbacks. 译文：讽刺的是，这份出于好意、替孩子扫除所有苦难的做法，剥夺了他们锻炼心理韧性的机会，让孩子变得脆弱、焦虑，没有能力应对挫折。 【逐项解析】 A 选项：拥有强大心理韧性抵御突发挫折。和原文 “deprives...psychological resilience（剥夺心理韧性）” 文意完全相反，排除；B选项：舒适环境下学习效率更高。文中全程未提及学习效率相关内容，无中生有，排除；C选项：极度渴望永远过毫不费力的生活。原文没有提到孩子会产生这种长久追求安逸的欲望，属于过度推断，排除；D选项：应对困境与挫折的能力薄弱。精准匹配句中“incapable of coping with setbacks”，为正确答案。 33. C 推理判断题 【全文核心观点线索】 It is struggle, rather than comfort, that activates the brain’s adaptive growth system, cultivates self-efficacy, and constructs a stable sense of self-worth. 奋斗而非安逸，激活大脑成长体系、培养自我效能、构建稳定自我价值。 Proper struggle and controlled discomfort, though temporarily exhausting, bring deep and lasting self-improvement 适度奋斗与可控困境能带来深度、长久的自我提升。 Real self-growth is never a passive acceptance of comfort, but an active confrontation with difficulty. 真正的自我成长绝非被动享受安逸，而是主动直面困难。 【逐项解析】A选项：长期安逸保障健康心理发展。全文反驳安逸有益成长，与主旨相悖，排除；B选项：先进科技帮人们摆脱大部分生活苦难。这只是文章开篇客观背景陈述，并非作者核心观点，排除；C选项：有意义的个人成长根植于克服困难。贴合全文主线：克服磨难才会获得成长、自我价值、精神力量，推理成立；D选项：人们应当拥抱苦难来实现真正自我提升。易错干扰项；文章强调必要、适度的困难，并非无差别拥抱所有苦难，表述绝对化；C 精准点明成长的根源是克服困境，表意更严谨贴合原文内核。 34. B 态度判断题 【态度线索】线索一：“Yet this universal pursuit of convenience has triggered a profound evolutionary mismatch, silently breeding widespread mental crises ”译文：然而这种全民追便捷的风气引发严重进化失衡，悄悄滋生大范围心理危机。线索二：“this well-intentioned elimination of hardship deprives individuals of the chance to exercise their psychological resilience”译文：刻意扫除苦难的做法剥夺人锻炼心理韧性的机会。线索三：“technology…has gradually weakened people’s willingness to struggle”译文：科技慢慢消磨了人们奋斗的意愿。 通篇用词揭示作者不认同盲目追求安逸，指出其诸多危害，态度为批判。 【逐项解析】 A. Ambiguous（模棱两可的）：作者立场鲜明，全程批判安逸风气，态度清晰，排除； B. Critical（批判的）：匹配全文否定、指出弊端的行文基调，正确； C. Sympathetic（同情的）：无同情追求安逸人群的表述，排除； D. Objective（客观中立的）：文章带有强烈主观论证立场，并非单纯客观陈述事实，排除。 35. C 主旨大意题 【文章脉络梳理】 开头：引出盲目追安逸带来心理危机；第二段：进化角度论证奋斗、磨难是人类心理成型的基础；第三段：用 “适宜性困难” 理论说明困境促成成长，过度呵护害人；第四段：真正成长是主动对抗困境，磨难淬炼精神力量； 结尾：安逸只是短暂奖励，接纳困难才能实现自我超越、塑造真实自我。 核心关键词：difficulty、struggle、true growth、inner spiritual strength 【逐项解析】A选项：安逸生活对人的潜在负面影响。仅概括第一段引入部分，无法覆盖后文磨难如何促成成长的主体内容，片面，排除；B选项：磨难：人类心理成长背后的法则。侧重心理成长，忽略文章后半段 “自我蜕变、内在力量、真实自我塑造” 的完整内涵，范围窄，排除；C选项：困境：通往真正成长与内在力量的道路。完整覆盖全文主线：困难是实现真实成长、锻造内心力量的必经之路，高度契合主旨，正确；D选项：科技：塑造人自我认知的因素。科技只是开篇背景引子，绝非文章论述核心，偏离主题，排除。 【重点词汇积累】 · be obsessed with 痴迷于 · evolutionary mismatch 进化失衡 · psychological mechanisms 心理机制 · self-efficacy n. 自我效能感 · desirable difficulty 适宜性困难 · psychological resilience 心理韧性 · setback n. 挫折 · sense of agency 自我掌控感 · superficial self 浅薄的自我认知 · self-transcendence n. 自我超越 【长难句拆解】 原句：Yet this universal pursuit of convenience has triggered a profound evolutionary mismatch, silently breeding widespread mental crises among contemporary individuals, especially the younger generation. 结构拆分： 主句：Yet this universal pursuit of convenience has triggered a profound evolutionary mismatch 现在分词伴随状语：silently breeding widespread mental crises among contemporary individuals 递进补充状语：especially the younger generation 译文：然而，这种全民对便捷安逸的追逐引发了严重的进化失衡，悄无声息地在当代人群中滋生大范围心理危机，年轻一代受影响尤甚。 第二节 【体裁】：说明文 【主题语境】：人与自我 【主题群】：健康、运动生理知识 【话题】：肌肉不只是运动器官，还是重要内分泌器官；运动收缩肌肉会释放肌因子（myokines），这类信号分子对大脑、血糖、情绪睡眠均有多重健康益处，日常轻度运动就能收获健康红利。 36. C 【上下文逻辑】 前句：Our muscles are commonly seen only as body parts for movement and strength training.（人们普遍只把肌肉看作负责活动与力量训练的身体部位） 后句：Scientific studies…prove muscles act as a vital endocrine organ…（二十年科学研究证实肌肉还是重要内分泌器官） 前后是旧认知转折→全新真相的关系。 选项 C：But this traditional understanding misses a key secret.（但这种传统认知漏掉了一个关键秘密） But 构成转折衔接；this traditional understanding 精准指代前文大众对肌肉的片面看法，完美承上启下。 37. A 【上下文逻辑】 前句：When muscles contract…massive amounts of myokines get released into circulation.（肌肉运动收缩时，大量肌因子被释放到循环系统） 后句：For instance, the widely studied IL-6 rises over 100 times its resting level…（举例：快走、骑行这类中等有氧下，白介素6含量飙升百倍） 例子意在说明不同运动下肌因子种类、分泌量差别巨大。 选项 A：They differ largely in types and amounts.（它们在种类和分泌量上差异很大） They 指代前文 myokines；总起句引出后文举例，逻辑匹配。 38. D 【上下文逻辑】 空格位于段首，为本段总起句。后文整段第一大层讲肌因子对海马体、记忆力、阿尔茨海默病的保护；第二大层顺带讲调节血糖。段落核心首重点是大脑保护。 选项 D：One core advantage lies in its protection of human brains.（一项核心益处是它对人脑的保护作用） 总领全段大脑保护的内容，段内 Besides brain protection 再衔接血糖益处，行文结构通顺。 39. B 【上下文逻辑】 前句：…daily 30-minute light exercise works equally well as mild anti-depression drugs for slight mood disorders.（每日30分钟轻度运动效果堪比轻度抗抑郁药物） 后句：Many fitness lovers report less stress and better sleep quality…（健身人群反馈压力更小、睡眠更好）本段主线：肌因子对心理、情绪状态的正向作用。 选项B：It brings unexpected improvements to daily moods.（它给日常情绪带来意想不到的改善）It指代规律运动分泌肌因子这件事；承接抗抑郁药效，延伸情绪、压力、睡眠的改善效果。 40. G 【上下文逻辑】 前句：People can gain all these hidden benefits simply by fitting small daily activities into tight schedules.（人们只需在忙碌日程里安排少量日常活动就能收获全部隐藏益处） 尾句收束全文，强调无需高强度训练也能获益。 选项 G：Therefore people need no fancy high-intensity training to get healthy rewards.（因此人们不必追求花哨的高强度训练来获取健康回报） Therefore 顺承前文 “少量日常活动即可” 的结论，收尾点题，完美收束全篇。 【干扰项辨析】 F. These small molecules deliver far more health gains than expected. 本段没有对比 “预期收益和实际收益”，37空举例只讲种类、含量差异，此处插入F逻辑断裂，排除。 E. Few ordinary people realize exercise’s hidden biochemical power. 文章开篇36空已经完成 “打破大众旧认知” 的转折，后文全程讲解肌因子功效，不需要再重复大众不知情这一背景，无匹配空位。 【重点词汇积累】 · endocrine organ 内分泌器官 · myokine n. 肌因子 · contract v.（肌肉）收缩 · circulation n. 血液循环 · aerobic workout 有氧运动 · hippocampus n. 海马体（大脑记忆区域） · Alzheimer’s disease 阿尔茨海默症 · type 2 diabetes 2型糖尿病 · anti-depression drug 抗抑郁药物 · high-intensity training 高强度训练 【长难句拆解】 原句：Scientific studies over the past two decades prove muscles act as a vital endocrine organ releasing myokines, tiny signal molecules flowing through blood to improve nearly every human organ system. 结构拆分： 主句：Scientific studies over the past two decades prove（that）… 宾语从句：muscles act as a vital endocrine organ 现在分词定语1：releasing myokines（修饰organ） 同位语：tiny signal molecules（解释myokines） 现在分词定语2：flowing through blood to improve nearly every human organ system（修饰 molecules） 译文：过去二十年的科学研究证实，肌肉是重要的内分泌器官，它会释放肌因子——这类微小信号分子随血液流动，几乎能改善人体每一套器官系统。 第三部分 语言应用 【体裁】：记叙文 【主题语境】：人与自我、人与社会 【主题群】：师生成长、教学相长、非遗文化传承 【文章大意】：英语李老师一直认同教学是双向过程，但遇见学生米娅后才真正读懂 “互学”。内向的米娅文笔新颖有思想，她讲述奶奶剪纸非遗的故事，带给老师课本之外的文化内容；米娅和老师分享自幼学剪纸、想用文字向青少年推广非遗的梦想，深深打动李老师。李老师顿悟教与学是相互促进的，他以往只向学生灌输系统语言知识，米娅却为他打开传统文化全新视角。之后李老师采用新式教学法，给学生展示特长与经历的机会，借此吸收多元文化故事丰富教学；学生也收获自信、课堂参与度大幅提升。李老师由此笃定：真正的教学在于彼此分享、共同进步。 41. C 短语辨析：A. handed out分发；B. handed over移交；C. handed in上交（作业、文稿）；D. handed on传递、转交 语境：米娅内向课上少发言，但总会上交原创有创意的写作作业，写作属于要交给老师批改的内容，hand in贴合校园写作业场景。 42. B 形容词辨析： A. plain平淡朴素的；B. fresh新颖独特的；C. dull枯燥乏味的；D. ordinary普通平庸的 前文对比：大部分学生作文千篇一律（stereotyped），而米娅的文章风格新颖、见解深刻，fresh 和 stereotyped 构成反向对比。 43. A 动词辨析： A. tell讲述（故事、经历）；B. state正式陈述（观点事实）；C. announce公开宣告（通知消息）；D. report汇报、报告（工作情况） 搭配固定搭配 tell one’s story 讲述个人经历故事，是英语惯用搭配，此处老师邀请她在全班面前讲自己和剪纸有关的故事。 44. B 名词辨析： A. customs风俗习俗；B. elements文化元素；C. details细节；D. features特征特点 语境：她的故事里包含独特的剪纸文化元素，这些内容是教材里没有的；cultural elements为固定搭配“文化元素”，涵盖技艺、民俗内涵等整体文化内容。 45. C 动词辨析： A. recalled回忆回想；B. discussed 讨论探讨；C. shared分享；D. described 细致描述 固定搭配 share sth. with sb.向某人分享某事；课后米娅主动把成长经历、艺术感悟分享给老师，是双向倾诉交流的动作。 46. D 短语辨析： A. built up积累、增强；B. took up开始从事（长期爱好职业）；C. made up编造、组成；D. picked up无意间 / 从小习得（技艺、语言、手艺） 语境：她小时候跟着奶奶习得民间剪纸手艺；pick up 特指无系统刻意培训，日常耳濡目染学会技能，贴合祖孙间传承手艺的场景。 47. A 名词辨析： A. dream长久怀揣的梦想（情怀向）；B. wish短期心愿、祝愿；C. goal可量化的目标；D. ambition雄心抱负（多带事业功名色彩） 语境：她毕生的梦想是借文学创作向青少年推广非遗，这是带有情怀、长期向往的追求，dream 最贴合文艺传承的心境。 48. C 形容词化动词辨析： A. touched感动（侧重情绪共情）；B. confused困惑不解；C. impressed印象深刻、心生敬佩；D. shocked震惊诧异 语境：米娅对传统艺术真挚投入的态度，让老师内心深受触动、留下深刻敬佩的印象；impress 侧重人事物带来深刻正面观感，程度适配师生间欣赏的氛围。 49. B 动词辨析： A. discovered发现（客观存在未知事物）；B. realized领悟、意识到（道理真谛）；C. spotted当场瞥见；D. recognized认出、辨识 语境：这一刻他猛然领悟深刻的教育真理 —— 教与学是互动互通的；realize 专门搭配 truth、idea、principle 这类抽象道理，表示思想顿悟。 50. A 动词固定搭配： A. equipped；搭配 equip sb. with sth. 给某人配备/灌输（知识、能力） B. filled 搭配 fill sb. with 情绪；C. furnished 多指配备家具设备；D. provided 搭配 provide sb. with sth.（通用提供，无“武装学识”内涵） 语境：多年来他一直向学生灌输、传授系统的语言知识；equip with 带有“用知识武装学生”的教育语境色彩，是教育类完形高频搭配。 51. C 名词辨析： A. vision视野、愿景；B. perception感官认知；C. perspective看待事物的视角、切入点；D. outlook前景、人生三观 语境：米娅给了他看待传统艺术与文化魅力全新的视角；perspective侧重思考、审视事物的角度，贴合老师获得全新思考维度的文意。 52. D 动词辨析： A. abandoned抛弃；B. adapted改编、适应；C. approved批准赞同；D. adopted采纳、采用（方法、策略） 语境：从那之后，李老师采用了创新教学模式；adopt teaching approach/method 是固定搭配，采纳教学方式。 53. D 逻辑副词： A. Instead取而代之（转折）；B. Besides此外（并列递进）；C. Gradually渐渐地（时间渐变）；D. Thus因此（因果顺承） 前文：他主动创造机会让学生分享经历特长；后文：他就能从学生身上吸收多元故事、丰富教学。前后是行为→收获的因果关系，thus 表因此、于是。 54. A 名词辨析： A. confidence 自信心；B. courage 勇气；C. dignity 尊严；D. enthusiasm 热情 语境：学生获得充足自信，课堂互动积极性更高；被老师给予展示自我的平台，最直接的收获是自信心提升，自信提升带动参与热情。 55. D 名词辨析： A. awareness意识；B. insight深刻洞见；C. opinion个人看法（可改变）；D. belief 坚定信念、笃定的认知 语境：李老师时常复盘这段经历，始终怀揣清晰坚定的信念：真正的教学在于彼此分享、共同成长；belief代表经过亲身实践验证后，长久笃定信奉的理念。 【重点词汇&固定搭配积累】 · reserved adj. 内向寡言的 · stereotyped adj. 千篇一律的、刻板的 · insightful adj. 见解深刻的 · intangible cultural heritage 非物质文化遗产 · systematic language knowledge 系统语言知识 · interactive adj. 互动的，双向的 · mutual learning 教学相长、互相学习 · hand in compositions 上交作文 · pick up folk craft 习得民间手艺 · equip students with knowledge 向学生传授知识 【长难句拆解】 原句：Mr. Li always reflects on this experience and maintains a clear belief that genuine teaching lies in mutual sharing and joint progress. 结构拆分： 主句：Mr. Li always reflects on this experience and maintains a clear belief 同位语从句：that genuine teaching lies in mutual sharing and joint progress（解释说明belief 的具体内容） 译文：李老师时常复盘这段经历，并且始终怀揣一个笃定信念：真正的教学根植于彼此分享、共同进步。 第II卷 第3节 语法填空 【体裁】：说明文 【主题语境】：人与社会 【主题群】：中华传统文化、文人赏石文化 【话题】：介绍中国独有的文人赏石文化，阐述赏石背后儒家精神内涵、宋代发展鼎盛的历史，以及千年传承不变的审美标准与如今的国际认可度。 56. are regarded 考点：被动语态、主谓一致 句子主干：scholars’ rocks ______ (regard) as... 主语 scholars’ rocks（文人石）和动词 regard 是被动关系，意为 “被视作”；全文为一般现在时；主语是复数名词，故填 are regarded。 固定搭配：be regarded as 被看作…… 57. an 考点：不定冠词 空后indispensable是以元音音素开头的形容词，indispensable decoration（一样不可或缺的装饰）为泛指单数可数名词搭配，故用an。 58. that/which 考点：定语从句关系代词 先行词 virtues（美德，指物），定语从句______ are highly valued in Confucianism 缺少主语，指物可用 that 或 which 引导。 59. profounder 考点：形容词比较级固定句型 固定结构：“The+比较级，the+比较级” 表示“越……，越……”profound 为多音节词，比较级变形为profounder；句意：石头外形越是奇特不规则，内在意境就越深远。 60. when 考点：定语从句关系副词 先行词 a period（一段时期，表时间），从句结构完整不缺主宾，用关系副词 when 在从句中作时间状语，意为 “在这一时期无数文人投身这项雅好”。 61. to gain 考点：不定式作目的状语 文人把奇石摆放在书房庭院里，目的是获得人与自然的精神共鸣，不定式to do表行为目的，填to gain。 62. forming 考点：现在分词作结果状语 前面整件事（文人赏石、追求天人共鸣）自然而然带来 “形成专属文人审美体系” 这个结果，现在分词 doing 表自然而然的伴随 / 结果，故填 forming。 63. but 考点：并列固定结构 固定搭配：not merely...but (also)... 不仅仅是…… 而是…… 句意：这项传统不只是视觉消遣，更是精神修身。 64. have remained 考点：现在完成时 时间标志For centuries（数个世纪以来），表示动作从过去延续至今；主语the aesthetic criteria为复数，remain无被动，故填have remained。 65. recognition 考点：词性转换（动词变名词） wide是形容词，后面需要接名词作动词wins的宾语；recognize动词 “认可”→ recognition名词 “认可、认同”，wide recognition广泛认可。 【重点词汇积累】 · literati tradition 文人传统 · aesthetic n./adj. 美学；审美的 · rugged adj. 凹凸嶙峋的 · hollow adj. 镂空多孔的 · Confucianism n. 儒家思想 · artistic conception 意境 · spiritual resonance 精神共鸣 · self-cultivation n. 修身养性 · texture n. 质地、纹理 【长难句拆解】 原句：As a unique cultural heritage rooted in Chinese literati tradition, scholars’ rocks, oddly-shaped stones collected and appreciated by ancient intellectuals, are regarded as the most silent and profound artwork in classical Chinese aesthetics. 结构拆分： 介词短语状语：As a unique cultural heritage rooted in Chinese literati tradition 主句主语：scholars’ rocks 同位语插入语：oddly-shaped stones collected and appreciated by ancient intellectuals（解释 scholars’ rocks） 主句谓语：are regarded as 宾语：the most silent and profound artwork in classical Chinese aesthetics 译文：文人石作为植根于中国文人传统的独特文化遗产 —— 也就是古代文人收藏品鉴的造型奇特奇石，被视作中国古典美学里最沉静、意蕴最深的艺术载体。 第四部分 写作 第一节 应用文写作（倡议书） 【评分细则】 一、评分总原则 1、按档次给分，共分5档；先看内容要点完整性，再看语言表达、连贯逻辑、格式书写； 2、词数要求80词左右，词数70–90不扣分；少于60词或多于100词酌情降1档； 3、拼写、标点、大小写错误少量不影响理解，每3处小错误扣0.5分；严重语法错误、句式破碎直接降档； 4、格式错误（称呼、落款、书信结构）一处扣1分；语气不符合文体（倡议书/建议信/邀请信等）降一档； 5、抄袭原文材料、大量套用生硬模板、语句完全不通顺，最高不超3分。 二、五档分数详细标准（满分15） 第五档：13–15分（满分 / 高分档） 1、内容要点：题目全部要点完整覆盖，可合理增加细节拓展，贴合写作语境； 2、语言表达：句式丰富（简单句+复合句+高分句型），词汇高级贴切，几乎无语法、拼写错误； 3、连贯逻辑：衔接词自然流畅（First of all, Besides, Therefore等），段落层次清晰； 4、格式语气：书信/倡议书格式完全规范，语气精准适配文体（倡议书积极号召、建议信礼貌委婉）；书写工整卷面整洁。 第四档：10–12分（良好档） 1、内容要点：全部要点齐全，少量细节拓展； 2、语言表达：句式有变化，用词准确，存在1–2处轻微语法/拼写小错，不影响整体阅读； 3、连贯逻辑：有基础衔接词，行文通顺，段落分层合理； 4、格式语气：格式无明显错误，语气恰当，书写干净。 第三档：7–9分（中等档） 1、内容要点：缺失1个次要要点，或要点表述模糊； 2、语言表达：以简单句为主，少量复合句；有3–5处语法错误，部分用词平淡/搭配不当； 3、连贯逻辑：衔接较少，句子之间连贯性一般； 4、格式语气：格式有一处小瑕疵，语气基本贴合文体。 第二档：4–6分（薄弱档） 1、内容要点：缺失2个及以上核心要点，内容单薄； 2、语言表达：大量简单句，频繁出现时态、主谓一致、固定搭配错误，部分句子意模糊； 3、连贯逻辑：几乎无衔接词，行文零散； 4、格式语气：格式多处错误，语气生硬不符合文体。 第一档：1–3分（极差档） 1、内容要点：仅零星提及个别单词，无完整语段，完全没完成写作任务； 2、语言表达：句式混乱，错误繁多，多数句子无法读懂； 3、空白卷、完全抄写阅读原文：统一记0分。 三、本题（倡议书：垃圾分类・绿植养护）专项扣分点 1. 内容三大核心要点（缺一项直接降一档） ① 活动发起目的（响应绿色校园、劳动育人、保护生态） ② 具体行动建议（垃圾分类、绿植养护，至少2条举措） ③ 结尾倡议号召 2. 格式专属扣分 1）开头无Dear schoolmates：扣1分 2）结尾无落款The Student Union：扣1分 3）段落不分段、通篇一大段：降0.5档 3. 语气扣分 倡议书必须积极号召、礼貌平等；全程生硬命令式（You must…）无号召感，直接降一档。 四、加分细节（阅卷隐性提分点） 1、精准使用主题高级词汇：labor education, ecological environment, waste sorting 等； 2、运用非谓语、定语从句、倒装、强调句等高级句式； 3、衔接词分层排布：First of all/ What’s more / Finally； 4、卷面无涂改、字母书写规范、大小写标点零失误； 5、适度拓展细节（如制作宣传海报、轮流养护花草）丰富内容。 五、特殊扣分补充说明 1、人称混乱：全程混用 I/we/you，多处不一致扣1分； 2、时态混乱：介绍活动、提建议统一一般现在/将来时，时态错乱每2处扣0.5分； 3、中式英语直译严重（如中式短语堆砌、语序完全颠倒），最多给到6分； 4、字数低于40词：最高3分；字数超120词，多写部分错误不计分，且冗余啰嗦降0.5档 【语篇框架梳理】 1、体裁类型：倡议书（书信类应用文） 2、审题 · 审人称：第一人称（学生会李华视角）行文，号召全体同学（第二人称you）参与 · 审时态：介绍活动目的、提行动建议用一般现在时；号召展望用一般将来时 3、谋篇三段式结构 段落 写作内容要点 Para.1 （开头） 点明背景：响应绿色校园、劳动育人号召，引出 “垃圾分类・绿植养护” 实践活动，阐明活动两大核心目的 Para.2 （主体） 分点给出清晰、可落地的日常行动建议（垃圾分类+绿植养护两类举措） Para.3 （结尾） 升华意义，发出热情倡议号召，呼吁大家携手共建美丽校园 【分段写作范文 + 逐句拆解】 【参考范文】 Dear schoolmates, Our school will launch a green campaign, which centers on garbage sorting and plant maintenance. Here are what we can do to participate actively. For one thing, standardized garbage classification greatly reduces waste pollution and makes full use of recyclable resources around us. For another, regular watering and trimming keep campus greenery thriving, freshening the air and beautifying our school environment all year round. Apart from personal practice, we are expected to spread eco-friendly ideas around us and influence more peers to go green actively. In effect, every individual effort is never trivial. On the whole, small deeds will bring remarkable changes. Let’s take action to safeguard our beautiful campus together! The Student Union 【高分句型 & 替换句式】（提分可用） 1. 活动目的开篇句型 · 基础版：Our school will hold an activity to build a green campus. · 高分版1：To respond to the green campus campaign and implement labor education, we launch this eco-themed practice activity. · 高分版2：This activity is intended to guard our campus environment as well as cultivate our labor awareness. 2. 行动建议衔接句式 · First of all, we are supposed to classify garbage into different bins in daily life. · What’s more, we can take turns looking after the green plants in our campus and classrooms. · Apart from personal practice, we can share eco knowledge with classmates together. 3. 结尾倡议号召万能句 · Let’s spare no effort to practice green lifestyles from now on! · Small acts of green practice will make a huge difference to our campus. · Join us, and we will build a more eco-friendly campus hand in hand. 【核心主题词汇积累】 · 绿色校园建设 green campus construction · 劳动育人理念 labor education concept · 垃圾分类 waste sorting/garbage classification · 绿植养护 green plant maintenance · 校园生态环境 campus ecological environment · 践行环保理念 practice environmental protection concepts · 携手共建 build...hand in hand · 贡献一份力量 make contributions to... 【扣分避坑提醒】 1、格式：倡议书结尾落款固定为 The Student Union，无需额外署名 Li Hua；开头称呼 Dear schoolmates 不可写错格式 2、内容要点必须全覆盖：①活动目的 ②两条及以上具体行动 ③号召倡议，缺要点直接扣内容分 3、词数严格把控：正文70–90词最佳，少于60词/超100词会酌情降档 4、句式搭配：多用简单句+少量复合句，避免通篇长难句出现语法错误；建议用First of all/What’s more分层，逻辑更清晰 5、语气：倡议书语气礼貌积极、号召力强，不要使用生硬命令式语句（多用we should /we can /let’s） 第2节 读后续写 【评分细则】 一、总体评分原则 1、采用五档分级赋分，优先判定故事完整性、情节逻辑，再评判语言、衔接、书写； 2、两段必须分别以试卷给定开头句起笔，第一段擅自换开头、第二段不用指定开头，整体直接降2档； 3、词数参考：两段合计150词左右；130–170词正常不扣分；100–129词降0.5档；低于100词、高于200词酌情降1档； 4、时态统一：原文主体为一般过去时，续写全程须以一般过去时为主，时态大面积混乱直接降档； 5、抄袭原文、堆砌背诵模板、语句与故事情节脱节，最高得分不超过5分；空白卷0分。 二、五档完整分值判定（满分25分） 第五档：21–25分（优秀档） 1、情节逻辑（核心）完全贴合原文人物性格、故事背景，两段情节衔接自然、有清晰情绪起伏；第一段完成现场冲突/事件推进，第二段完成成长感悟、主旨升华；细节生动真实，无逻辑漏洞。 2、语言表达 句式丰富多变（简单句+定语/状语从句、非谓语、倒装、强调句穿插）；词汇精准高级，大量动作、神态、心理描写；仅有0–2处极轻微拼写/语法小错，完全不影响理解。 3、连贯衔接 段内、句间衔接词、动作过渡自然；两段过渡顺滑，紧扣给定段首句展开，不偏离引导句。 4、书写卷面 书写工整、涂改极少，大小写、标点规范。 第四档：16–20分（良好档） 1、情节逻辑 贴合原文主线，人物行为符合人设；两段情节完整，有基础情绪变化；个别细节平淡，无明显逻辑硬伤；紧扣两段给定开头。 2、语言表达 句式有一定变化，基础高级句型少量运用；用词准确；存在3–5处轻微语法/拼写错误，不阻碍阅读。 3、连贯衔接 有基础过渡词，行文通顺，段落层次清晰。 4、书写卷面 字迹清晰，少量涂改不影响辨认。 第三档：11–15分（中等档） 1、情节逻辑 故事主线完整，但细节单薄；人物行为轻微违和；能按照指定开头写作；缺少明显情绪转变或主旨升华。 2、语言表达 以简单句为主，复合句数量少；用词普通基础；6–9处语法错误（时态、主谓、搭配等），部分句子表意勉强看懂。 3、连贯衔接 衔接词稀少，句子之间连贯性一般。 4、书写卷面 字迹可辨认，涂改较多。 第二档：6–10分（薄弱档） 1、情节逻辑 情节偏离原文主线，人物行为矛盾；其中一段内容单薄、叙事破碎；勉强套用给定开头。 2、语言表达 几乎全为简单句，频繁出现时态、句式、固定搭配错误；部分句子表意模糊、读不通。 3、连贯衔接 无过渡衔接，语句零散堆砌。 第一档：1–5分（极差档） 1、情节逻辑 只写出零星单词、碎片短句；完全脱离原文故事；两段内容几乎无叙事；未使用指定开头句。 2、语言表达 错误泛滥，绝大多数句子无法读懂；无完整叙事语段。 3、整段空白、全部抄写阅读原文：记0分。 三、本题专属扣分要点（交换生文化节续写） 1. 硬性情节扣分 第一段不以 At the culture festival, I stood behind my stand, nervous but ready. 开篇：整体降2档 第二段不以 From that day on, my world here started to change. 开篇：整体降2档 第一段完全不写文化节摊位互动、凭空跳转回家/其他场景：降1档 第二段没有体现心态、社交、自信的长期改变，只重复当天开心：降0.5档 人物人设崩塌：内敛的主角突然全程外放、毫无紧张情绪，情节违和降一档 2. 高频语法扣分点 1）时态错乱：大量混入一般现在时、将来时，每3处错误扣1分，大面积错乱直接降档 2）人称混乱：I/we/they随意混用，统一度差扣1分 3）非谓语、从句结构乱写，造成句子断裂，每两处严重错扣0.5分 四、阅卷隐性加分亮点（拉开分差关键） 1、三重描写加分：大量心理（anxious, relieved, proud）、神态（face reddened, eyes lit up）、动作（hands trembled, took a deep breath）细节描写； 2、主旨升华加分：第二段结尾点出核心道理——接纳自我、文化平等、真诚交流才是真正融入； 3、句式多样性加分：灵活使用倒装、with复合结构、分词作状语、宾语从句； 场景细节加分：精准补充摊位道具（剪纸、饺子、书法）、Wilson家人鼓励等贴合原文的细节； 4、衔接质感加分：用动作过渡替代生硬then/and，如Seeing my worry, Mr. Wilson stepped forward… 五、特殊情况补充说明 1、两段篇幅严重失衡（一段120词，一段30词）：整体降0.5档； 2、大量背诵万能套句、套句和剧情生硬拼接：最高限制15分； 3、书写潦草难以辨认，即便情节语言合格，统一降0.5–1档； 4、出现中式英语严重直译、语序完全颠倒，最高不超12分； 5、出现无关负面偏激内容、违规词汇，直接划入1–5分档或0分。 【原文脉络梳理】 · 人物与背景 主角：中国交换生 “我”，寄宿在新西兰Wilson一家；内心自卑内敛，因语言、性格差异在课堂、家庭聚餐中不敢开口，害怕自己安静的性格被误解冷漠。 冲突点：学校举办文化节，要求摆摊展示本国文化，“我” 极度焦虑，但仍鼓起勇气报名筹备。 · 情节逻辑搭建（双线：情绪转变+人际成长） 第一段（文化节现场：紧张→鼓起勇气→收获认可） 1、环境铺垫：摊位布置（中国剪纸、简易饺子、书法作品），围观同学好奇观望，“我” 手心冒汗、心跳加速； 2、转折触发：Wilson 一家恰好走来，Mr. Wilson 笑着鼓励我开口； 3、核心动作：我硬着头皮用英语讲解剪纸寓意、手把手教同学折纸，现场品尝饺子，慢慢越说越流畅； 4、情绪落点：大家夸赞中华文化有趣，纷纷为我鼓掌，内心第一次充满自信。 第二段（后续长久改变：性格、社交、心态全面蜕变） 1、行为变化：课堂敢于主动发言，不再害怕表达；和寄宿家庭聊天放开自我，不再拘谨沉默； 2、他人反馈：Wilson 太太说终于看到真实开朗的我，同桌夸赞我自信大方； 3、主旨升华：明白不必刻意改变本性迎合他人，真实展示自我才是真正的融入，两种文化、两种性格可以温柔共存。 【参考范文】 One possible version：美食主题 At the culture festival, I stood behind my stand, feeling nervous but ready. On the table lay neatly arranged traditional Chinese snacks, which I had carefully made the night before. With my palms sweating slightly, I faced the bustling crowd and felt a little anxious at first. Yet when several students paused to appreciate the delicate treats, I gathered my courage. Wearing a warm smile, I introduced time-honored Chinese food culture in fluent English. As the sweet scent drifted around, more visitors crowded over, and I chatted with them freely, inviting them to taste my homemade treats. From that day on, my world here started to change. I gradually got rid of my inner shyness and dared to speak and communicate actively in public. My classmates spoke highly of the unique beauty of Chinese traditional culture and my sincere sharing. I eventually figured out the true meaning of belonging. Instead of changing myself to fit others, I realized cultural differences are never a barrier but a warm bond. Little by little, I made genuine friends, fitted into the new community, and gained a precious sense of belonging in a foreign country. Another possible version：茶文化主题 At the culture festival, I stood behind my stand, nervous but ready. I had carefully prepared classic Chinese tea sets and fresh tea leaves to showcase traditional tea culture. Watching students wandering around different stands, my heart pounded fiercely and nervousness welled up inside me. I took a deep breath to calm down and began to demonstrate standard tea-making procedures. The fresh and elegant tea fragrance drifted in the air, attracting numerous audiences. I patiently explained tea culture’s origin and etiquette, guiding visitors to experience and taste the tea personally. From that day on, my world here started to change. I was no longer the shy girl who dared not express herself in public. My confident presentation and distinctive cultural display won sincere respect from teachers and classmates. I deeply realized that cultural differences were never obstacles but valuable bridges for cross-cultural communication. By bravely displaying my own culture, I built close connections with others. I gradually adapted to overseas life and embraced my new life with full confidence. 【高分提分句型 & 情绪描写素材】 · 紧张焦虑神态动作（第一段开头） 1、My palms were wet with sweat and my heart beat wildly in my chest. 手心冒汗，心脏狂跳。 2、A wave of nervousness washed over me the moment I caught sight of so many pairs of eyes. 一看到无数双注视的眼睛，紧张感瞬间席卷全身。 · 鼓励转折句式 1、Seeing my unease, Mr. Wilson leaned over and whispered soft words of support. 看出我的不安，威尔逊先生俯身低声给我打气。 2、 Their warm smiles gave me a little courage to open my mouth at last. 他们温暖的笑容终于给了我开口的勇气。 · 自信升华主旨句（第二段结尾必用） 1、True integration does not require me to change who I am, but to show myself honestly. 真正的融入不需要我改变本性，而是真诚展现自我。 2、It was my own culture and personality that built a bridge between me and my new friends. 正是我自身的文化与性格，为我和新朋友搭建了沟通的桥梁。 【核心主题词汇积累】 · exchange student 交换生 · cultural barrier 文化隔阂 · out of place 格格不入 · paper-cutting 剪纸 · interactive experience 互动体验 · overcome anxiety 克服焦虑 · build confidence 建立自信 · a sense of belonging 归属感 【阅卷扣分避坑要点】 1、情节不能跑偏：第一段必须围绕文化节摊位互动展开，不能跳写回家；第二段必须体现长期心态、社交的真实改变，不能只写当天开心。 2、情绪线完整闭环：原文自卑紧张→段1紧张到自信→段2长久豁达成长，情绪起伏要清晰。 3、细节贴合原文人设：主角是内敛安静的中国学生，不会一下子极度外放，转变循序渐进才真实自然。 4、语法规范：全文主体时态为一般过去时，全程统一，杜绝时态混乱；对话、心理描写穿插使用，丰富句式层次。 5、字数把控：两段合计140–170词最佳，少于120词直接降一档，超过190词多余篇幅易出现语法错误 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $