暑假作业04 语言知识巩固 (选择性必修第三册 Units 3-4)（巩固培优） 高二英语译林版

**基本信息** 聚焦选择性必修三Units 3-4词汇语法巩固，以“基础积累-语法应用-语篇理解-综合表达”为逻辑主线，渗透文化意识与语言能力培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇应用|2篇短文填空|听录音填Unit 3-4词汇|围绕单元主题构建语境，强化词汇在语篇中的准确运用| |词形转换|15组单词|词形变化填空（名/形/副等）|从动词原形到派生词，构建词汇形态变化网络| |语法填空|15题单句+1篇语篇|词形转换/语法规则应用|从单句语法到语篇语法，实现语法知识的层级迁移| |短语应用|12题短语填空|固定搭配语境应用|聚焦单元核心短语，强化在情境中的灵活使用| |翻译仿写|5组课文长句|中译英+英文仿写|连接课文原句与创新表达，提升语言输出能力| |阅读|3篇短文（文化遗产等主题）|选择题（细节/推理/主旨）|围绕单元文化主题，培养信息获取与思辨能力| |写作|1封书信（解释阴历阳历）|应用文体写作|结合文化主题，实现语言能力与文化意识的综合输出|

The captains last voyage, captain Lewis, dead at the vast breath of the sea. His final voyage was meant to be routine, loads supplies onto the fleet and return to shore. He navigated by compass, writing every course change in the ship's log. But a sudden, league in the whole changed everything, regardless of the danger. He ordered the crew to drag the lifeboats to the deck. Meanwhile, waterpark and faster, the ship began to sink. Panic turned in decay. us. But the captain refused to dismiss their fear. He's strengthened their courage with calm commands. Subsequent waves smashed the rail, yet every man made IT aboard the boats. Later they reached a Sandy shore. No kingdom welcome them, only a barren coast. Lewis built a small memorial from driftwood. He melton prayed for those lost at sea. That episode became a legend among the navy, a story of harmonies leadership in exceptional danger. The old captain proved that true courage does not sink with a ship. ( 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ) 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 暑假作业04 语言知识巩固 选择性必修三 (Units 3-4)（原卷版） 一、听录音，用Unit 3词汇表内所学的单词完成以下短文。 The Captain’s Last Voyage Captain Lewis stared at the vast ___________ of the sea. His final _________ was meant to be routine—_______ supplies onto the _________ and return to _________. He __________ by ___________, writing every course change in the ship’s_________. But a sudden _________ in the ship changed everything. ___________ of the danger, he ordered the crew to ________ the lifeboats to the ________. ___________, water poured in faster. The ship began to ________. Panic turned into _________, but the captain refused to __________ their _________. He ___________ their courage with calm commands. ___________ waves smashed the rail, yet every man made it ___________ the boats. Later, they reached a sandy ___________. No ___________ welcomed them—only a barren coast. Lewis built a small ___________ from driftwood. He knelt and ___________ for those lost at sea. That ___________ became a legend among the _________—a story of ___________ leadership in ___________ danger. The old captain proved that true courage does not _________ with a ship. 二、听录音，用Unit 4词汇表内所学的单词完成以下短文。 The Price of Progress Dr. Lin stood before the ancient ___________, filled with ________. This __________ of a lost ___________ was ___________—___________ carved from _______ and _______ still unbroken after centuries. But an _________ problem demanded action. The local government planned to build a ________ nearby, which would flood the entire _________. A _________ of _________ was called for ___________. Dr. Lin had to ___________ a formal ___________ to ___________ the project. She ___________ the need for economic growth, yet argued that this ___________ was priceless. The committee fell into ___________. Some feared that stopping development would lead to ___________ among workers. After hours of debate, a ___________ ___________. They ___________ a ___________ of ___________ ___________. The ___________ was a ___________ ___________—visitors pay a small ________ ______, while the dam was built ___________. This ___________ proved that _________ ___________ for the ___________ past can lead to a peaceful future. No ___________, no _________—only reason. 三、重点单词 1. convince (vt.) 使确信；说服 → ___________ (n.) 确信；定罪 → ___________ (adj.) 确信的；___________ (adj.) 有说服力的 2. strengthen (v.) 加强，增强 → ___________ (n.) 力量；优点 → ___________ (adj.) 强壮的 → ___________ (adv.) 强有力地 3. insist (v.) 坚决要求，坚持；坚持说 → ___________ (n.) 坚持 → ___________ (adj.) 坚持的 → ___________ (adv.) 坚持地 4. depart (v.) 离开，起程 → ___________ (n.) 离开；出发 → ___________ (adj.) 离去的；过去的 5. astonish (vt.) 使十分惊讶，使吃惊 → ___________ (n.) 惊讶 → ___________ (adj.) 令人惊讶的 → ___________ (adj.) 感到惊讶的 6. adopt (v.) 采用；表决采纳；领养 → ___________ (n.) 采用；领养 → ___________ (adj.) 被领养的 → ___________ (adj.) 收养的 7. compare (v.) 比较 → ___________ (n.) 对比；比较 → ___________ (adj.) 可比较的 → ___________ (adv.) 相对地 8. reform (vt./n.) 改进，改良，改革 → ___________ (n.) 改革；革新 → ___________ (adj.) 改革的 → ___________ (n.) 改革者 9. preserve (vt.) 维护，保护，保存；维持 → ___________ (n.) 保护，保存 → ___________ (adj./n.) 防腐的/防腐剂 10. assess (vt.) 评估，评定；估算 → ___________ (n.) 评估 → ___________ (adj.) 可评估的 11. suspend (vt.) 暂停；悬，挂 → ___________ (n.) 暂停；悬挂 → ___________ (adj.) 暂停的；悬浮的 12. interrupt (v.) 打扰，插嘴；使暂停 → ___________ (n.) 打断；中断 → ___________ (adj.) 中断的 13. pursue (vt.) 追求；追逐 → ___________ (n.) 追求；追赶 → ___________ (n.) 追求者 14. emerge (vi.) 出现；暴露；露头 → ___________ (n.) 出现，显现 → ___________ (adj.) 新兴的；紧急的 15. assign (vt.) 指定，指派；分配；确定 → ___________ (n.) 任务；分配 → ___________ (n.) 受托人；受让人 四、重点短语 1. on behalf of 代表（或代替）；为帮助；为了 2. regardless of 不管，不顾 3. allow for 使成为可能；考虑到 4. sort out 理顺，整理；把……安排好 5. contrary to 与……相反 6. cottage industry 家庭手工业 7. wear down (使)磨损，（使）逐渐磨平 8. wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损，损耗 9. take shape 成形，有了模样 一、单句语法填空 1. Despite the lack of direct evidence, his argument was so __________ that the jury (陪审团) was __________ and returned a guilty verdict (判决). (convince) 2. Daily exercise helps __________ your core muscles, therefore improving the body’s overall __________. (strong) 3. Despite the bad weather, he __________ on leaving, and his __________ put everyone under pressure. (insist) 4. Before the train’s __________, she said goodbye one by one to her friends who had already __________. (depart) 5. To everyone's __________, the usually quiet boy gave an __________ answer. (astonish) 6. After a long process, the __________ of the child was finally completed; the little girl felt lucky to have her __________ parents. (adopt) 7. __________ with his early works, this novel is __________ dull. (compare) 8. The famous __________ devoted himself to social __________ and saw remarkable results. (reform) 9. In order to __________ the historic building, the workers used a special __________. (preserve) 10. The teacher needs to __________ each student’s __________ to ensure fair grading. (assessable) 11. Flights were __________ due to the storm, and passengers anxiously waited for the __________ to be lifted. (suspend) 12. The speaker disliked being __________, believing that any __________ was impolite. (interrupt) 13. In the __________ of his dream, he never cared about the eyes of his __________. (pursue) 14. With the __________ of new technology, some __________ issues need urgent solutions. (emerge) 15. The manager __________ a tough __________ to the new employee, but the employee said he should complete it by himself. (assign) 二、用所给短语的适当形式填空 come about, bring sth to light, sum up, get across, spring up, be committed to, mount up, for instance, call on sb to do sth, walk on air, keep sth in perspective, find one's way into 1. The coach ________________ the team captain to give an encouraging speech before the final match. 2. How did such a serious misunderstanding ________________ between the two players? 3. The journalist spent two years investigating the scandal (丑闻) and finally ________ the hidden truth _____________. 4. After winning the championship, the young athlete felt as if she was ________________. 5. The speaker used simple language and vivid examples to ________________ his message ________________. 6. In recent years, many new fitness clubs have ________________ in this city. 7. Losses and injuries can ________________ quickly in a long season, testing a team’s depth. 8. ________________, teamwork and individual effort are equally important in sports. 9. The organization ________________ providing equal training opportunities for amateur and professional athletes. 10. Some unexpected opportunities, ________________ a chance meeting with a famous coach, can change an athlete’s career. 11. Although he lost the final, the young tennis player learned to ______________ the defeat _____________ and focus on improvement. 12. The small sportswear brand ________________ the international market by accident when a famous athlete wore its shoes. 三、课文长句翻译与仿写 1. The final proof came when an enormous shipyard was discovered in Nanjing, where the fleet had been built. 中文翻译： 英文仿写：关键证据是在埃及发现了一座古墓时出现的，那位国王就葬在那里。 2. What makes this book remarkable in content is that it not only includes vivid description of historical figures such as emperors, ministers or other exceptional figures, but also lists important events in different periods. 中文翻译： 英文仿写：这部电影吸引观众之处在于，它不仅呈现了普通演员的真实表演，还讲述了一个关于家庭亲情的动人故事。 3. Natural disasters, the sudden and powerful natural forces, can lead to the destruction of heritage sites: in 2003, a terrible earthquake shook south-eastern Iran and ruined large parts of the city of Bam, an incredible UNESCO cultural heritage site. 中文翻译： 英文仿写：人类活动，即来自现代社会日益增多的干预，可能导致传统习俗的消失：2010年，一场巨大的洪水使当地的河流改道，并冲走了几个古老的村庄——这些村庄是一个已被遗忘的文明的珍贵见证。 4. This made history in its own way as the first successful multinational World Heritage application — and it seems to be only the beginning of the road for the Silk Road, as other countries are also planning World Heritage applications for other sections of the network. 中文翻译： 英文仿写：这以其自身的实力创下了纪录，成为最快的跨境太空合作项目——而且这似乎仅仅是全球太空探索的第一步，因为更多国家也正在计划前往其他行星的联合任务。 5. Further west on the Silk Road, the geography gradually changes from wild deserts to high, snow-capped mountains to vast grasslands as the routes pass through the splendid Tianshan Mountains and emerge in the rolling valleys of Central Asia. 中文翻译： 英文仿写：沿着海岸线继续向北，当小径蜿蜒穿过陡峭的沿海山丘并坠入深深的河谷时，景色逐渐从沙滩变为岩石峭壁，再变为茂密的松林。 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Text 1 All around the world, there are special places, buildings, and artworks that show human history and culture. These treasures are protected because they are very important for everyone. The old city of Dubrovnik (Croatia) Nicknamed the “Pearl of the Adriatic”, Dubrovnik is one of the most perfectly preserved medieval cities in the world. Although the city suffered greatly from an earthquake in 1667, its historic centre miraculously managed to keep many of its beautiful Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque churches, monasteries, palaces and fountains intact. The Taj Mahal (India) Widely considered one of the most beautiful buildings ever built, the Taj Mahal in Agra is also India’s most iconic symbol. Shah Jahan, king of the Mughal Empire from 1628-1658, employed over 20,000 people to build the marble mausoleum as a monument to his favourite wife, who died in childbirth. It stands as a testament to the artistic and scientific accomplishments of the wealthy Mughal empire. Machu Picchu (Peru) Perched high in Peru’s Andes mountain range, Machu Picchu is an ancient Inca citadel that dates back as far as the 15th century. The mysterious maze of buildings, plazas, and platforms was only discovered 100 years ago and continues to bewilder historians and archaeologists—who are still to this day struggling to understand its original purpose. Rome’s historic center (Italy) Bursting at the seams with over 3,000 years of history, Rome’s historic centre contains a whopping 25,000 environmental and archaeological points of interest, including the Pantheon, the Forum and the Colosseum—an ancient Roman stadium where people watched fights and shows. It is one of the most famous buildings in Rome. 1. What can still be seen in the historic centre of Dubrovnik today? A. All the buildings that survived the earthquake of 1667. B. Many churches and palaces in Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque styles. C. Only the Baroque-style churches and fountains. D. Most of the medieval city walls and towers. 2. Why did Shah Jahan order the construction of the Taj Mahal? A. To show the wealth and scientific achievements of his empire. B. To provide a burial place for his 20,000 workers. C. As a monument to his favourite wife who died in childbirth. D. As a palace for himself and his wife. 3. What can be inferred about Machu Picchu from the passage? A. Its original purpose has already been fully discovered. B. It was built much later than the 15th century. C. It is the most perfectly preserved medieval city in the world. D. Its original purpose is still not completely understood by experts. Text 2 Zach had always imagined that time travel would require a vehicle of some sort. But his experience had been more like stepping through a moment. At the science museum, Professor Kronos had chosen Zach for a time-travel demonstration. Zach had been on a stage with the professor, and the next thing he knew, he had stepped through the moment, and now ... when was now? Zach looked around. The familiar city was gone. Instead, the flat landscape held a few cypress and pine trees, scattered bushes, and grass. He felt uneasy, exposed. Not far off, zebras were injured. Zach looked at the herd with eyes partly closed. Oddly, only part of each animal’s body had stripes. He had seen pictures of these animals. They weren’t zebras. They were North American horses that went extinct in the last Ice Age. Zach breathed hurriedly. He had time-traveled back at least ten thousand years! The ground shook under the slowly-moving steps of another Ice Age mammal. Zach recognized it because there was a life-sized statue of it at the entrance to the science museum. It was a giant ground sloth (树懒). Behind Zach, something made the leaves of a bush shake. He turned and stared until he saw a shadowy shape, squatting as if ready to sudden attack. It was a smilodon (剑齿虎), a prehistoric cat whose fossilized bones were displayed in the museum. Its long sword-like teeth were sharp enough to slice through the thick skin of a giant ground sloth. The smilodon was looking straight at Zach! Zach felt the hair on his neck rise. His skin prickled (刺痛). He felt fear, deep fear, nightmare fear. Should he run? No, that might arouse the instincts of a predator. Zach stood frozen, watching the cat watching him. When it made a deep angry sound and leaped up, Zach had no choice. He bolted like a rabbit. He flashed across the plain. He dared not look back, but he knew the killer was readying for its final leap and cut of claws. Something was up ahead—a shining, unclear shape. Professor Kronos was signaling! With a frightened breath, Zach reached for the shape and passed right through it. At that moment, Zach was back on the museum stage. The smiling professor asked, “How was the trip?” But Zach was out of breath too hard to answer. 4. What can be inferred about the time travel demonstration? A. The professor had also traveled with Zach. B. Zach’s time travel did not involve any vehicle. C. Zach traveled to the future instead of the past. D. Zach was the only person who could see the professor at the end. 5. What can be inferred about Zach’s feelings during the experience? A. He was curious but calm throughout. B. He was confident that he could escape safely. C. He felt extreme fear when facing the smilodon. D. He regretted being chosen for the demonstration. 6. What does the underlined word “bolted” in paragraph 5 most probably mean? A. Walked slowly. B. Ran away quickly. C. Fell down. D. Hid behind something. 7. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Zach learned how to build a time machine at a science museum. B. Professor Kronos invented a new way to send people to the future. C. Zach successfully escaped from a smilodon with the help of the professor. D. A boy named Zach traveled back to the Ice Age and had a frightening experience. Text 3 Cultural heritage, including tangible artifacts and intangible traditions, serves as a cornerstone of identity for communities around the world. Preserving this heritage is crucial for maintaining cultural diversity, fostering social cohesion, and understanding humanity’s shared history. One key aspect of cultural heritage preservation is its role in safeguarding traditions and customs. Intangible heritage, such as music, dance, and oral storytelling, reflects the values and beliefs of a community. Without active preservation efforts, these practices risk being forgotten, particularly in the face of globalization and rapid technological advancement. Tangible heritage, such as monuments, artifacts, and historical sites, also requires protection. These physical signs of culture not only provide a sense of continuity but also serve as educational resources, offering insights into the past. For example, ancient structures like the Pyramids of Giza or the Great Wall of China allow people to connect with civilizations that shaped human history. Preserving cultural heritage also has significant economic implications. Tourism centered around cultural heritage sites generates substantial income for local economies and creates jobs. However, increased tourism can strain these sites, necessitating sustainable practices to ensure their longevity. Measures such as controlled visitor numbers and regular maintenance are essential to balance economic benefits with preservation. The destruction of cultural heritage, whether due to natural disasters, urbanization, or conflict, has far-reaching consequences. Losing cultural landmarks erases a part of humanity’s collective memory and identity. Initiatives by organizations like UNESCO aim to address these challenges by designating World Heritage Sites and providing resources for their protection. Cultural heritage preservation is not without challenges. Financial restrictions, lack of awareness, and political instability can make efforts to safeguard heritage unsuccessful. Collaboration between governments, local communities, and international organizations is essential to overcome these barriers and ensure that cultural heritage is passed down to future generations. In conclusion, preserving cultural heritage is vital for fostering identity, promoting understanding, and ensuring economic and educational benefits. As witnesses of history, humanity has a responsibility to protect and celebrate the diversity of cultures that enrich our world. 8. Why are historical sites important for education? A. They eliminate the need for textbooks. B. They focus solely on economic benefits. C. They promote modern architecture. D. They connect people with ancient civilizations. 9. What challenge is associated with cultural heritage tourism? A. Lack of visitor interest. B. Strain on cultural sites due to increased tourism. C. Insufficient jobs created by tourism. D. Elimination of sustainable practices. 10. How does UNESCO contribute to cultural heritage preservation? A. By prioritizing urbanization. C. By replacing traditional customs. C. By designating World Heritage Sites. D. By focusing only on natural disasters. 11. What is the main idea of the text? A. Cultural diversity hinders global progress. B. Cultural heritage is primarily an economic resource. C. Modern technology eliminates the need for heritage preservation. D. Preserving cultural heritage is essential for identity and understanding. 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （2021年新高考 I 卷）My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory. My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, 1 little bunny (兔子) cakes for all its 2 throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for 3 help during our spring break, for which I had no 4 beyond listening to my favorite records. I’d 5 minimum wage. I’d see how a factory 6 . My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad with their 7 . Our 8 in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 9 bunny from the belt. This was 10 than it sounds. 11 a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I’d 12 . Dad 13 . The son of a grocer, he’d spent the summers of his childhood 14 food in Benardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you 15 the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me. 1. A. sold B. ordered C. made D. reserved 2 A. stores B. families C. schools D. citizens 3. A. generous B. financial C. technical D. temporary 4. A. plans B. problems C. excuses D. hobbies 5. A. offer B. earn C. set D. suggest 6. A. worked B. closed C. developed D. survived 7. A. ambition B. permission C. experience D. invitation 8. A. joys B. ideas C. roles D. choices 9. A. Save B. Keep C. Stop D. Remove 10. A. harder B. better C. longer D. cheaper 11. A. Calm down B. Slow down C. Stay on D. Move on 12. A. indicated B. witnessed C. expected D. remembered 13. A. cried B. smiled C. hesitated D. refused 14. A. tasting B. finding C. sharing D. delivering 15. A. withdraw B. donate C. receive D. appreciate 三、语法填空试题 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Sima Qian, one of the greatest historians in Chinese history, was born in 145 or 135 BCE. 1 (influence) by his father, who was also a historian, Sima Qian took an interest in history when he was a child. He learnt Chinese classics from great literary masters, and 2 the age of 20, he began travelling extensively across the country. He interviewed the local people 3 (get) a wide range of information. Learning and travelling were exactly 4 helped him in his later career as a historian. His father’s dream was that one day he could write a great masterpiece recording what had happened in history. After his father died, Sima Qian succeeded his father as Grand Historian, 5 facilitated his access to official books and files. However, his work proved difficult, because 6 (sort) out all the available resources and checking facts of historical materials required painstaking efforts. His chief concern was whether he could do his job more 7 (effective) and efficiently. As he 8 (carry) on with his work, something awful happened to Sima Qian. He was put in prison, where he suffered a lot of pain physically and mentally. However he was not defeated. He never forgot about his father’s will, in good times 9 bad times. After more than ten years of hard work, the Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian), his masterpiece, 10 (complete). 用英文写作 假设你是李华。你的英国笔友Tom来信说：他对中国历法很感兴趣，但分不清“阴历”和“阳历”。请你写一封回信，内容包括： 1. 基本区别； 2. 以某一个传统节日为例向他解释。 注意: 1. 写作词数应为80个左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Tom, You asked about the lunar calendar and the solar calendar. __________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 1 / 5 ( zxxk.com )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ ( 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ) 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 暑假作业04 语言知识巩固 选择性必修三 (Units 3-4)（解析版） 一、听录音，用Unit 3词汇表内所学的单词完成以下短文。 The Captain’s Last Voyage Captain Lewis stared at the vast breadth of the sea. His final voyage was meant to be routine—load supplies onto the fleet and return to shore. He navigated by compass, writing every course change in the ship’s log. But a sudden leak in the ship changed everything. Regardless of the danger, he ordered the crew to drag the lifeboats to the deck. Meanwhile, water poured in faster. The ship began to sink. Panic turned into chaos, but the captain refused to dismiss their fear. He strengthened their courage with calm commands. Subsequent waves smashed the rail, yet every man made it aboard the boats. Later, they reached a sandy shore. No kingdom welcomed them—only a barren coast. Lewis built a small memorial from driftwood. He knelt and prayed for those lost at sea. That episode became a legend among the navy—a story of harmonious leadership in exceptional danger. The old captain proved that true courage does not sink with a ship. 船长最后的航程 刘易斯船长望着辽阔的大海。他最后一次出航本应是趟例行差事——把补给装上船队，然后返回岸边。平日里，他靠罗盘指引方向，每一次航向变动都工工整整地记在航海日志上。可船舱突然漏了水，一切都变了。 尽管危险就在眼前，他还是命令船员把救生艇拖到甲板上。与此同时，海水涌得越来越急。船开始下沉。恐慌演变成一片混乱，但船长没有对大家的恐惧置之不理——他用镇定的号令稳住了大家的勇气。接踵而至的巨浪打碎了船舷栏杆，可每个人都成功登上了救生艇。 后来，他们到了一片沙滩。迎接他们的不是什么王国，而是一段荒凉的海岸。刘易斯捡来漂流木，搭起一座小小的纪念碑。他跪下来，为那些葬身大海的人祈祷。这件事后来成了海军中的一段传奇——一个关于在极端危险中从容指挥的故事。老船长用行动证明，真正的勇气不会随船沉没。 二、听录音，用Unit 4词汇表内所学的单词完成以下短文。 The Price of Progress Dr. Lin stood before the ancient pyramid, filled with awe. This heritage of a lost civilization was incredible— sculptures carved from clay and coral still unbroken after centuries. But an urgent problem demanded action. The local government planned to build a dam nearby, which would flood the entire basin. A panel of specialists was called for consultation. Dr. Lin had to submit a formal motion to suspend the project. She acknowledged the need for economic growth, yet argued that this legacy was priceless. The committee fell into division. Some feared that stopping development would lead to violence among workers. After hours of debate, a cooperation emerged. They assigned a string of conservation initiatives. The outcome was a showcase reserve—visitors pay a small entry fee, while the dam was built elsewhere. This milestone proved that humble respect for the primitive past can lead to a peaceful future. No panic, no chaos—only reason. 进步的代价 林博士站在古老的金字塔前，心中充满敬畏。这个失落文明的遗产令人惊叹——用黏土和珊瑚雕刻的塑像，历经数百年依然完好无损。然而一个紧迫的问题迫在眉睫：当地政府计划在附近修建一座大坝，届时整个盆地都会被淹没。 一个专家小组被召集来商议对策。林博士必须提交一份正式动议，要求暂停该项目。她承认经济发展有其必要性，但坚持认为这份遗产是无价的。委员会内部产生了分歧，有人担心叫停开发会引发工人之间的暴力冲突。 经过几个小时的辩论，各方终于达成合作。他们制定了一系列保护措施。最终成果是一个示范性的保护区——游客只需支付一小笔门票费，而大坝则建在了别处。这一里程碑证明：对原始过往的谦卑尊重，能够通向和平的未来。没有惊慌，没有混乱——唯有理性。 三、重点单词 1. convince (vt.) 使确信；说服 → conviction (n.) 确信；定罪 → convinced (adj.) 确信的；convincing (adj.) 有说服力的 2. strengthen (v.) 加强，增强 → strength (n.) 力量；优点 → strong (adj.) 强壮的 → strongly (adv.) 强有力地 3. insist (v.) 坚决要求，坚持；坚持说 → insistence (n.) 坚持 → insistent (adj.) 坚持的 → insistently (adv.) 坚持地 4. depart (v.) 离开，起程 → departure (n.) 离开；出发 → departed (adj.) 离去的；过去的 5. astonish (vt.) 使十分惊讶，使吃惊 → astonishment (n.) 惊讶 → astonishing (adj.) 令人惊讶的 → astonished (adj.) 感到惊讶的 6. adopt (v.) 采用；表决采纳；领养 → adoption (n.) 采用；领养 → adopted (adj.) 被领养的 → adoptive (adj.) 收养的 7. compare (v.) 比较 → comparison (n.) 对比；比较 → comparable (adj.) 可比较的 → comparatively (adv.) 相对地 8. reform (vt./n.) 改进，改良，改革 → reformation (n.) 改革；革新 → reformed (adj.) 改革的 → reformer (n.) 改革者 9. preserve (vt.) 维护，保护，保存；维持 → preservation (n.) 保护，保存 → preservative (adj./n.) 防腐的/防腐剂 10. assess (vt.) 评估，评定；估算 → assessment (n.) 评估 → assessable (adj.) 可评估的 11. suspend (vt.) 暂停；悬，挂 → suspension (n.) 暂停；悬挂 → suspended (adj.) 暂停的；悬浮的 12. interrupt (v.) 打扰，插嘴；使暂停 → interruption (n.) 打断；中断 → interrupted (adj.) 中断的 13. pursue (vt.) 追求；追逐 → pursuit (n.) 追求；追赶 → pursuer (n.) 追求者 14. emerge (vi.) 出现；暴露；露头 → emergence (n.) 出现，显现 → emergent (adj.) 新兴的；紧急的 15. assign (vt.) 指定，指派；分配；确定 → assignment (n.) 任务；分配 → assignee (n.) 受托人；受让人 四、重点短语 1. on behalf of 代表（或代替）；为帮助；为了 2. regardless of 不管，不顾 3. allow for 使成为可能；考虑到 4. sort out 理顺，整理；把……安排好 5. contrary to 与……相反 6. cottage industry 家庭手工业 7. wear down (使)磨损，（使）逐渐磨平 8. wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损，损耗 9. take shape 成形，有了模样 一、单句语法填空 1. Despite the lack of direct evidence, his argument was so __________ that the jury (陪审团) was __________ and returned a guilty verdict (判决). (convince) 【答案】convincing；convinced 【解析】第一空作表语，描述“论证”的性质，应使用形容词 convincing（有说服力的）；第二空表示陪审团所处的心理状态，应使用形容词 convinced（确信的）。 【翻译】尽管缺乏直接证据，但他的论证如此有说服力，以至于陪审团被说服并作出了有罪判决。 2. Daily exercise helps __________ your core muscles, therefore improving the body’s overall __________. (strong) 【答案】strengthen；strength 【解析】第一空位于 help 之后，help do sth.，需用动词原形 strengthen（加强）；第二空作 improving 的宾语，表示“力量”，用名词 strength。 【翻译】每日锻炼有助于加强你的核心肌群，从而提升身体的整体力量。 3. Despite the bad weather, he __________ on leaving, and his __________ put everyone under pressure. (insist) 【答案】insisted；insistence 【解析】第一空作谓语，描述过去的坚持行为，用 insist 的过去式 insisted（坚持说/坚决要求），后接 on doing；第二空作主语，用名词 insistence（坚持）。 【翻译】尽管天气恶劣，他仍然坚持出发，他的坚持让所有人都感到压力。 4. Before the train’s __________, she said goodbye one by one to her friends who had already __________. (depart) 【答案】departure；departed 【解析】第一空前有名词所有格 train’s，需用名词 departure（离开）；第二空在 had 之后，用过去分词化的形容词 departed（离去的），表示“已经离开的”状态。 【翻译】在火车出发之前，她与已经离开的朋友们一一告别。 5. To everyone's __________, the usually quiet boy gave an __________ answer. (astonish) 【答案】astonishment；astonishing 【解析】第一空构成固定搭配 to one’s astonishment（令某人惊讶的是），用名词 astonishment；第二空修饰 answer，表示“令人惊讶的”，用形容词 astonishing。 【翻译】令所有人惊讶的是，那位一向安静的男孩给出了一个令人惊讶的回答。 6. After a long process, the __________ of the child was finally completed; the little girl felt lucky to have her __________ parents. (adopt) 【答案】adoption；adoptive 【解析】第一空作主语，表示“领养”这一行为，用名词 adoption；第二空修饰 parents，表示“收养的”，用形容词 adoptive（区别于 adopted 指被领养的）。 【翻译】经过漫长的过程，这个孩子的领养终于完成了；小女孩感到幸运能有她的养父母。 7. __________ with his early works, this novel is __________ dull. (compare) 【答案】Compared；comparatively 【解析】第一空用过去分词短语作状语，Compared with 意为“与……相比”；第二空修饰形容词 dull，需用副词 comparatively（相对地）。 【翻译】与他的早期作品相比，这部小说相对平淡无奇。 8. The famous __________ devoted himself to social __________ and saw remarkable results. (reform) 【答案】reformer；reformation 【解析】第一空指人，用 reformer（改革者）；第二空作介词 to 的宾语，表示“改革”这一抽象行为，用名词 reformation。 【翻译】这位著名的改革者致力于社会改革，并看到了显著的成果。 9. In order to __________ the historic building, the workers used a special __________. (preserve) 【答案】preserve；preservative 【解析】第一空位于不定式 to 后，需用动词原形 preserve（保护）；第二空作宾语，表示“防腐剂”或“保护性物质”，用名词 preservative。 【翻译】为了保护历史建筑，工人们使用了一种特殊的防腐剂。 10. The teacher needs to __________ each student’s __________ to ensure fair grading. (assessable) 【答案】assess；assessment 【解析】第一空位于 needs to 后，用动词原形 assess（评估）；第二空作宾语，表示“评估的结果”，用名词 assessment。 【翻译】教师需要评估每个学生的表现，以确保公平评分。 11. Flights were __________ due to the storm, and passengers anxiously waited for the __________ to be lifted. (suspend) 【答案】suspended；suspension 【解析】第一空用于被动语态 were suspended，表示“被暂停”；第二空作宾语，用名词 suspension（暂停），与 lift（解除）搭配。 【翻译】由于暴风雨，航班被暂停，乘客们焦急地等待暂停解除。 12. The speaker disliked being __________, believing that any __________ was impolite. (interrupt) 【答案】interrupted；interruption 【解析】第一空在 being 之后，构成被动 being interrupted（被打断）；第二空作主语从句中的主语，用名词 interruption（打断）。 【翻译】演讲者不喜欢被打断，认为任何打断都是不礼貌的。 13. In the __________ of his dream, he never cared about the eyes of his __________. (pursue) 【答案】pursuit；pursuers 【解析】第一空构成固定短语 in the pursuit of（在追求……的过程中），用名词 pursuit；第二空表示“追求者”的复数，用 pursuers。 【翻译】在追求梦想的过程中，他从未在意追求者们的目光。 14. With the __________ of new technology, some __________ issues need urgent solutions. (emerge) 【答案】emergence；emergent 【解析】第一空在 the ... of 结构中，用名词 emergence（出现）；第二空修饰 issues，表示“紧急的”，用形容词 emergent（注意 emergent 兼具“新兴的”和“紧急的”之意，此处取“紧急的”以符合逻辑）。 【翻译】随着新技术的出现，一些紧急问题需要紧急解决。 15. The manager __________ a tough __________ to the new employee, but the employee said he should complete it by himself. (assign) 【答案】assigned；assignment 【解析】第一空作谓语，用 assign 的过去式 assigned（指派）；第二空作宾语，用名词 assignment（任务）。【翻译】经理给新员工指派了一项艰巨的任务，但该员工表示无法完成。 二、用所给短语的适当形式填空 come about, bring sth to light, sum up, get across, spring up, be committed to, mount up, for instance, call on sb to do sth, walk on air, keep sth in perspective, find one's way into 1. The coach ________________ the team captain to give an encouraging speech before the final match. 2. How did such a serious misunderstanding ________________ between the two players? 3. The journalist spent two years investigating the scandal (丑闻) and finally ________ the hidden truth _____________. 4. After winning the championship, the young athlete felt as if she was ________________. 5. The speaker used simple language and vivid examples to ________________ his message ________________. 6. In recent years, many new fitness clubs have ________________ in this city. 7. Losses and injuries can ________________ quickly in a long season, testing a team’s depth. 8. ________________, teamwork and individual effort are equally important in sports. 9. The organization ________________ providing equal training opportunities for amateur and professional athletes. 10. Some unexpected opportunities, ________________ a chance meeting with a famous coach, can change an athlete’s career. 11. Although he lost the final, the young tennis player learned to ______________ the defeat _____________ and focus on improvement. 12. The small sportswear brand ________________ the international market by accident when a famous athlete wore its shoes. 答案与解析 1.【答案】called on 【解析】call on sb to do sth 意为“请求/号召某人做某事”。教练请队长在决赛前发表鼓舞人心的讲话，符合语境。全句描述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时 called on。 【翻译】决赛前，教练号召队长发表鼓舞人心的讲话。 2.【答案】come about 【解析】come about 意为“（尤指偶然地）发生”。严重误会是如何在两名选手之间“发生”的？疑问句中已有助动词 did，故动词用原形 come about。 【翻译】两名选手之间怎么会发生如此严重的误会？ 3.【答案】brought；to light 【解析】bring sth to light 意为“揭露，使……暴露”。记者花两年时间调查丑闻，最终将隐藏的真相“公之于众”。全句为一般过去时，故用 brought；to light 为固定搭配。 【翻译】这位记者花了两年时间调查这起丑闻，最终揭露了隐藏的真相。 4.【答案】walking on air 【解析】walk on air 意为“欣喜若狂，飘飘然”。夺冠后年轻运动员的感受，as if 后接过去进行时表示虚拟语气，仿佛在云端漫步。 【翻译】赢得冠军后，这位年轻运动员感觉自己仿佛飘飘欲仙。 5.【答案】get；across 【解析】get sth across 意为“把……讲清楚，传达”。演讲者用简单的语言和生动的例子来“传递”他的信息。不定式 to 后接动词原形 get，across 置于宾语之后。 【翻译】演讲者使用简单的语言和生动的例子来传达他的信息。 6.【答案】sprung up 【解析】spring up 意为“迅速涌现，雨后春笋般出现”。近年来许多新的健身俱乐部在城市中“涌现”出来。现在完成时 have 后接过去分词 sprung up。 【翻译】近年来，这座城市涌现出许多新的健身俱乐部。 7.【答案】mount up 【解析】mount up 意为“积累，增长”。在一个漫长的赛季中，损失和伤病会迅速“累积”，考验球队的阵容深度。情态动词 can 后接动词原形 mount up。 【翻译】在一个漫长的赛季中，损失和伤病会迅速累积，考验球队的板凳深度。 8.【答案】To sum up 【解析】sum up 意为“总结，概括”。此处作插入语，用不定式短语 To sum up（总之），引出总结性观点。注意首字母大写。 【翻译】总之，在体育运动中，团队合作和个人努力同样重要。 9.【答案】is committed to 【解析】be committed to 意为“致力于，承诺做”。该组织“致力于”为业余和职业运动员提供平等的训练机会。主语为单数，故用 is committed to（to 为介词，后接动名词 providing）。 【翻译】该组织致力于为业余和职业运动员提供平等的训练机会。 10.【答案】for instance 【解析】for instance 意为“例如”。用“与著名教练的偶遇”作为改变运动员生涯的“举例”。插入语形式不变。 【翻译】一些意想不到的机会，例如与一位著名教练的偶遇，可以改变运动员的职业生涯。 11.【答案】keep；in perspective 【解析】keep sth in perspective 意为“客观看待，正确权衡”。虽然输了决赛，这位年轻网球选手学会“正确看待”失败并专注于提高自己。learned to 后接动词原形 keep，in perspective 为固定搭配。 【翻译】虽然输掉了决赛，这位年轻网球选手学会了正确看待失败并专注于提高自己。 12.【答案】found its way into 【解析】find one's way into 意为“偶然进入，设法进入”。这家小型运动装备品牌因一位著名运动员穿了它的鞋而“意外进入”国际市场。全句为一般过去时，故用 found its way into。 【翻译】当一位著名运动员穿了这家小型运动装备品牌的鞋时，该品牌意外进入了国际市场。 三、课文长句翻译与仿写 1. The final proof came when an enormous shipyard was discovered in Nanjing, where the fleet had been built. 中文翻译：最终的证据是在南京发现了一个巨大的造船厂，这支舰队就是在那里建造而成的。 英文仿写：关键证据是在埃及发现了一座古墓时出现的，那位国王就葬在那里。 The crucial evidence emerged when an ancient tomb was uncovered in Egypt, where the king had been buried. 结构解析：主语 + 谓语 + when引导的时间状语从句（内含where引导的非限制性定语从句）： 主语：The crucial evidence 谓语：emerged when从句：when an ancient tomb was uncovered in Egypt（时间状语，说明证据出现的时间） where从句：where the king had been buried（修饰Egypt，补充说明地点信息） 2. What makes this book remarkable in content is that it not only includes vivid description of historical figures such as emperors, ministers or other exceptional figures, but also lists important events in different periods. 中文翻译：这本书内容上的特别之处在于，它不仅生动描述了像皇帝、大臣及其他杰出人物这样的历史人物，还列举了不同时期的重要事件。 英文仿写：这部电影吸引观众之处在于，它不仅呈现了普通演员的真实表演，还讲述了一个关于家庭亲情的动人故事。 What makes this film appealing to audiences is that it not only presents realistic acting from ordinary actors, but also features a touching story about family bonds. 结构解析：主语从句（What makes...） + 系动词is + that引导的表语从句（内含not only... but also...并列结构）： 主语从句：What makes this film appealing to audiences（使这部电影吸引观众的因素） 表语从句：that it not only presents realistic acting from ordinary actors, but also features a touching story about family bonds（说明具体吸引人的两方面内容） 并列结构：not only A but also B，A和B均为动词短语 3. Natural disasters, the sudden and powerful natural forces, can lead to the destruction of heritage sites: in 2003, a terrible earthquake shook south-eastern Iran and ruined large parts of the city of Bam, an incredible UNESCO cultural heritage site. 中文翻译：自然灾害，即突然而强大的自然力量，可能导致遗产地遭到破坏：2003年，伊朗东南部发生了一场可怕的地震，摧毁了巴姆古城的大部分地区，而巴姆古城是联合国教科文组织一处令人叹为观止的文化遗产。 英文仿写：人类活动，即来自现代社会日益增多的干预，可能导致传统习俗的消失：2010年，一场巨大的洪水使当地的河流改道，并冲走了几个古老的村庄——这些村庄是一个已被遗忘的文明的珍贵见证。 Human activities, the ever-increasing interference from modern society, can cause the loss of traditional customs: in 2010, a huge flood diverted a local river and washed away several ancient villages, valuable witnesses to a forgotten civilization. 结构解析：主语 + 同位语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 冒号引出的具体事例（内含并列谓语）： 主语：Human activities 同位语：the ever-increasing interference from modern society（解释主语） 谓语：can cause 宾语：the loss of traditional customs 冒号后具体事例：in 2010, a huge flood diverted... and washed away...（时间状语 + 主语 + 两个并列谓语 + 宾语 + 同位语） 同位语：valuable witnesses to a forgotten civilization（修饰ancient villages） 4. This made history in its own way as the first successful multinational World Heritage application — and it seems to be only the beginning of the road for the Silk Road, as other countries are also planning World Heritage applications for other sections of the network. 中文翻译： 这以其特有的方式创造了历史，成为首个成功获批的多国联合世界遗产项目——而且这似乎仅仅是丝绸之路的起点，因为其他国家也正在计划为这条路网的其他路段申请世界遗产。 英文仿写：这以其自身的实力创下了纪录，成为最快的跨境太空合作项目——而且这似乎仅仅是全球太空探索的第一步，因为更多国家也正在计划前往其他行星的联合任务。 This set a record in its own right as the fastest cross-border space cooperation — and it seems to be just the first step for global space exploration, as more nations are also planning joint missions to other planets. 结构解析：主句 + as短语（作为...） + 破折号 + and连接的并列句（内含as引导的原因状语从句）： 主句：This set a record in its own right as短语：as the fastest cross-border space cooperation（说明创纪录的方式） 并列句：and it seems to be just the first step for global space exploration as从句：as more nations are also planning joint missions to other planets（说明原因） 5. Further west on the Silk Road, the geography gradually changes from wild deserts to high, snow-capped mountains to vast grasslands as the routes pass through the splendid Tianshan Mountains and emerge in the rolling valleys of Central Asia. 中文翻译：沿着丝绸之路继续西行，当路线穿越壮丽的天山山脉并进入中亚起伏的山谷时，地理面貌逐渐从荒凉的沙漠变为高高的雪山，再变为广阔的草原。 英文仿写：沿着海岸线继续向北，当小径蜿蜒穿过陡峭的沿海山丘并坠入深深的河谷时，景色逐渐从沙滩变为岩石峭壁，再变为茂密的松林。 Further north along the coastline, the landscape gradually shifts from sandy beaches to rocky cliffs to dense pine forests as the path winds through the steep coastal hills and drops into the deep river canyons. 结构解析：地点状语 + 主语 + 谓语 + 变化结构（from... to... to...）+ as引导的时间状语从句（内含并列谓语）： 地点状语：Further north along the coastline 主语：the landscape 谓语：gradually shifts 变化结构：from sandy beaches to rocky cliffs to dense pine forests（三个介词短语并列） as从句：as the path winds through the steep coastal hills and drops into the deep river canyons（说明地理变化发生的背景） 并列谓语：winds through... and drops into... 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Text 1 All around the world, there are special places, buildings, and artworks that show human history and culture. These treasures are protected because they are very important for everyone. The old city of Dubrovnik (Croatia) Nicknamed the “Pearl of the Adriatic”, Dubrovnik is one of the most perfectly preserved medieval cities in the world. Although the city suffered greatly from an earthquake in 1667, its historic centre miraculously managed to keep many of its beautiful Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque churches, monasteries, palaces and fountains intact. The Taj Mahal (India) Widely considered one of the most beautiful buildings ever built, the Taj Mahal in Agra is also India’s most iconic symbol. Shah Jahan, king of the Mughal Empire from 1628-1658, employed over 20,000 people to build the marble mausoleum as a monument to his favourite wife, who died in childbirth. It stands as a testament to the artistic and scientific accomplishments of the wealthy Mughal empire. Machu Picchu (Peru) Perched high in Peru’s Andes mountain range, Machu Picchu is an ancient Inca citadel that dates back as far as the 15th century. The mysterious maze of buildings, plazas, and platforms was only discovered 100 years ago and continues to bewilder historians and archaeologists—who are still to this day struggling to understand its original purpose. Rome’s historic center (Italy) Bursting at the seams with over 3,000 years of history, Rome's historic centre contains a whopping 25,000 environmental and archaeological points of interest, including the Pantheon, the Forum and the Colosseum—an ancient Roman stadium where people watched fights and shows. It is one of the most famous buildings in Rome. 1. What can still be seen in the historic centre of Dubrovnik today? A. All the buildings that survived the earthquake of 1667. B. Many churches and palaces in Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque styles. C. Only the Baroque-style churches and fountains. D. Most of the medieval city walls and towers. 2. Why did Shah Jahan order the construction of the Taj Mahal? A. To show the wealth and scientific achievements of his empire. B. To provide a burial place for his 20,000 workers. C. As a monument to his favourite wife who died in childbirth. D. As a palace for himself and his wife. 3. What can be inferred about Machu Picchu from the passage? A. Its original purpose has already been fully discovered. B. It was built much later than the 15th century. C. It is the most perfectly preserved medieval city in the world. D. Its original purpose is still not completely understood by experts. 答案及详细解析 1. 【答案】B 细节理解题 【解析】 根据杜布罗夫尼克部分原文：“its historic centre miraculously managed to keep many of its beautiful Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque churches, monasteries, palaces and fountains intact.” 可知，历史中心至今仍保留着许多哥特式、文艺复兴式和巴洛克式的教堂、修道院、宫殿和喷泉。B项“许多哥特式、文艺复兴式和巴洛克式的教堂和宫殿”与此完全一致。A项“1667年地震中幸存的所有建筑”错误，原文说的是“许多”（many），并非“所有”（all）。C项“只有巴洛克式教堂和喷泉”错误，遗漏了哥特式和文艺复兴式风格，且原文还包括修道院和宫殿。 D项“大部分中世纪城墙和塔楼”原文未提及（杜布罗夫尼克段只提到教堂、修道院、宫殿和喷泉）。因此B项正确。 2. 【答案】C 细节理解题 【解析】 泰姬陵部分明确写道：“Shah Jahan...employed over 20,000 people to build the marble mausoleum as a monument to his favourite wife, who died in childbirth.” 可知泰姬陵是为纪念在分娩中去世的爱妻而建。C项“作为纪念他死于分娩的最爱妻子的纪念碑”与原文完全对应。 A项“展示其帝国的财富和科学成就”虽是泰姬陵所体现的意义，但不是建造的直接目的，原文未将其列为建造原因，属于主观拔高。 B项“为他2万名工人提供墓地”错误，原文只提到雇佣了2万工人，并未说为他们建造陵墓。 D项“作为自己和妻子居住的宫殿”错误，泰姬陵是陵墓（mausoleum），而非宫殿。因此C项正确。 3. 【答案】D 判断推理题 【解析】 根据马丘比丘部分原文：“...continues to bewilder historians and archaeologists - who are still to this day struggling to understand its original purpose.” 可知，历史学家和考古学家至今仍难以理解其原始用途，由此可合理推断：马丘比丘的原始用途尚未被专家完全理解。D项正确。 A项“其原始用途已被完全发现”与原文“struggling to understand”矛盾。 B项“建造时间远晚于15世纪”错误，原文明确说“dates back as far as the 15th century”。 C项“它是世界上保存最完好的中世纪城市”错误，原文中该描述是针对杜布罗夫尼克（“the most perfectly preserved medieval cities”），而非马丘比丘（马丘比丘是印加城堡，不属于中世纪欧洲城市）因此D项正确。 Text 2 Zach had always imagined that time travel would require a vehicle of some sort. But his experience had been more like stepping through a moment. At the science museum, Professor Kronos had chosen Zach for a time-travel demonstration. Zach had been on a stage with the professor, and the next thing he knew, he had stepped through the moment, and now ... when was now? Zach looked around. The familiar city was gone. Instead, the flat landscape held a few cypress and pine trees, scattered bushes, and grass. He felt uneasy, exposed. Not far off, zebras were injured. Zach looked at the herd with eyes partly closed. Oddly, only part of each animal’s body had stripes. He had seen pictures of these animals. They weren’t zebras. They were North American horses that went extinct in the last Ice Age. Zach breathed hurriedly. He had time-traveled back at least ten thousand years! The ground shook under the slowly-moving steps of another Ice Age mammal. Zach recognized it because there was a life-sized statue of it at the entrance to the science museum. It was a giant ground sloth (树懒). Behind Zach, something made the leaves of a bush shake. He turned and stared until he saw a shadowy shape, squatting as if ready to sudden attack. It was a smilodon (剑齿虎), a prehistoric cat whose fossilized bones were displayed in the museum. Its long sword-like teeth were sharp enough to slice through the thick skin of a giant ground sloth. The smilodon was looking straight at Zach! Zach felt the hair on his neck rise. His skin prickled (刺痛). He felt fear, deep fear, nightmare fear. Should he run? No, that might arouse the instincts of a predator. Zach stood frozen, watching the cat watching him. When it made a deep angry sound and leaped up, Zach had no choice. He bolted like a rabbit. He flashed across the plain. He dared not look back, but he knew the killer was readying for its final leap and cut of claws. Something was up ahead—a shining, unclear shape. Professor Kronos was signaling! With a frightened breath, Zach reached for the shape and passed right through it. At that moment, Zach was back on the museum stage. The smiling professor asked, “How was the trip?” But Zach was out of breath too hard to answer. 4. What can be inferred about the time travel demonstration? A. The professor had also traveled with Zach. B. Zach’s time travel did not involve any vehicle. C. Zach traveled to the future instead of the past. D. Zach was the only person who could see the professor at the end. 5. What can be inferred about Zach’s feelings during the experience? A. He was curious but calm throughout. B. He was confident that he could escape safely. C. He felt extreme fear when facing the smilodon. D. He regretted being chosen for the demonstration. 6. What does the underlined word “bolted” in paragraph 5 most probably mean? A. Walked slowly. B. Ran away quickly. C. Fell down. D. Hid behind something. 7. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Zach learned how to build a time machine at a science museum. B. Professor Kronos invented a new way to send people to the future. C. Zach successfully escaped from a smilodon with the help of the professor. D. A boy named Zach traveled back to the Ice Age and had a frightening experience. 答案及详细解析 4. 【答案】B 【解析】推断题。原文第一句：“Zach had always imagined that time travel would require a vehicle of some sort. But his experience had been more like stepping through a moment.” 说明Zach原本想象时间旅行需要某种交通工具，但实际上他的体验更像是“穿过一个瞬间”，没有使用任何运载工具。由此可推断，这次时间旅行演示并不涉及交通工具。A项：教授最后出现在舞台上，说明他没有与Zach一同旅行；C项：Zach看到了冰河期的北美马和大地懒，说明他回到了过去而非未来；D项：文中未提及只有Zach能看到教授，且教授回到舞台后观众显然也能看到他。因此B项正确。 5. 【答案】C 【解析】推断题。第五段描写Zach面对剑齿虎时的感受：“He felt fear, deep fear, nightmare fear.”（他感到恐惧，深深的恐惧，噩梦般的恐惧）。这表明他极度害怕。A项：他并非一直好奇平静，而是非常恐惧；B项：他没有自信能安全逃脱，一开始不敢跑，后来被迫逃跑；D项：文中没有明确表示他后悔被选中。因此C项正确。 6. 【答案】B 【解析】词义猜测题。第五段：“When it made a deep angry sound and leaped up, Zach had no choice. He bolted like a rabbit.” 剑齿虎扑过来，Zach别无选择，像兔子一样“bolted”。结合常识，兔子遇到危险时会快速逃跑，且后文“He flashed across the plain”（他飞快地冲过平原）进一步说明是快速逃离。因此bolted意为“快速跑开”。A项“缓慢行走”、C项“跌倒”、D项“躲在某物后面”均不符合语境。 7. 【答案】D 【解析】主旨大意题。全文讲述了Zach在科学博物馆的时间旅行演示中意外回到冰河期，遇到了剑齿虎并感到极度恐惧，最后在教授的信号帮助下返回。核心内容是“一个男孩Zach穿越到冰河期并经历了一次可怕的遭遇”。A项：Zach并未学习如何制造时间机器；B项：教授发明的不是送人去未来的方法，而是去过去；C项：虽然Zach成功逃脱，但教授帮助只是结尾的一部分，且选项强调“在教授的帮助下成功逃脱”，未能涵盖时间旅行到冰河期这一更主要的背景。D项更全面地概括了整个故事的主线。因此D项最佳。 Text 3 Cultural heritage, including tangible artifacts and intangible traditions, serves as a cornerstone of identity for communities around the world. Preserving this heritage is crucial for maintaining cultural diversity, fostering social cohesion, and understanding humanity’s shared history. One key aspect of cultural heritage preservation is its role in safeguarding traditions and customs. Intangible heritage, such as music, dance, and oral storytelling, reflects the values and beliefs of a community. Without active preservation efforts, these practices risk being forgotten, particularly in the face of globalization and rapid technological advancement. Tangible heritage, such as monuments, artifacts, and historical sites, also requires protection. These physical signs of culture not only provide a sense of continuity but also serve as educational resources, offering insights into the past. For example, ancient structures like the Pyramids of Giza or the Great Wall of China allow people to connect with civilizations that shaped human history. Preserving cultural heritage also has significant economic implications. Tourism centered around cultural heritage sites generates substantial income for local economies and creates jobs. However, increased tourism can strain these sites, necessitating sustainable practices to ensure their longevity. Measures such as controlled visitor numbers and regular maintenance are essential to balance economic benefits with preservation. The destruction of cultural heritage, whether due to natural disasters, urbanization, or conflict, has far-reaching consequences. Losing cultural landmarks erases a part of humanity’s collective memory and identity. Initiatives by organizations like UNESCO aim to address these challenges by designating World Heritage Sites and providing resources for their protection. Cultural heritage preservation is not without challenges. Financial restrictions, lack of awareness, and political instability can make efforts to safeguard heritage unsuccessful. Collaboration between governments, local communities, and international organizations is essential to overcome these barriers and ensure that cultural heritage is passed down to future generations. In conclusion, preserving cultural heritage is vital for fostering identity, promoting understanding, and ensuring economic and educational benefits. As witnesses of history, humanity has a responsibility to protect and celebrate the diversity of cultures that enrich our world. 8. Why are historical sites important for education? A. They eliminate the need for textbooks. B. They focus solely on economic benefits. C. They promote modern architecture. D. They connect people with ancient civilizations. 9. What challenge is associated with cultural heritage tourism? A. Lack of visitor interest. B. Strain on cultural sites due to increased tourism. C. Insufficient jobs created by tourism. D. Elimination of sustainable practices. 10. How does UNESCO contribute to cultural heritage preservation? A. By prioritizing urbanization. C. By replacing traditional customs. C. By designating World Heritage Sites. D. By focusing only on natural disasters. 11. What is the main idea of the text? A. Cultural diversity hinders global progress. B. Cultural heritage is primarily an economic resource. C. Modern technology eliminates the need for heritage preservation. D. Preserving cultural heritage is essential for identity and understanding. 答案与解析 8. 【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。文章第三段明确指出：“These physical signs of culture ... serve as educational resources, offering insights into the past. For example, ancient structures like the Pyramids of Giza or the Great Wall of China allow people to connect with civilizations that shaped human history.” 历史遗址作为教育资源，让人们与塑造人类历史的古代文明建立联系。A项“消除教科书需求”过于绝对且文中未提及；B项“只关注经济利益”与教育作用无关；C项“推广现代建筑”与历史遗址作用相反。因此D项正确。 9. 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。文章第四段提到：“However, increased tourism can strain these sites, necessitating sustainable practices to ensure their longevity.” 旅游业增长会给文化遗址带来压力，需要可持续措施来保护它们。这正是文化遗产旅游所面临的挑战。A项“缺乏游客兴趣”与文中“generate substantial income”矛盾；C项“旅游创造的就业不足”与“creates jobs”相反；D项“消除可持续实践”与文中“necessitating sustainable practices”相反。因此B项正确。 10. 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。文章第五段明确指出：“Initiatives by organizations like UNESCO aim to address these challenges by designating World Heritage Sites and providing resources for their protection.” UNESCO通过指定世界遗产地并提供保护资源来应对文化遗产破坏的挑战。A项“优先城市化”、B项“取代传统习俗”、D项“只关注自然灾害”均与文中内容不符。因此C项正确。 11. 【答案】D 【解析】主旨大意题。文章开篇指出文化遗产是身份基石，保护对文化多样性、社会凝聚力和理解人类共同历史至关重要；结尾总结：“preserving cultural heritage is vital for fostering identity, promoting understanding, and ensuring economic and educational benefits.” 全文围绕“保护文化遗产对身份认同和人类理解的重要性”展开。A项“文化多样性阻碍全球进步”与文章观点相反；B项“文化遗产主要是经济资源”片面，文章还强调了身份、教育等作用；C项“现代技术消除了保护需求”文中未提及且与主旨相悖。因此D项正确。 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （2021年新高考 I 卷） My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory. My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, 1 little bunny (兔子) cakes for all its 2 throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for 3 help during our spring break, for which I had no 4 beyond listening to my favorite records. I’d 5 minimum wage. I’d see how a factory 6 . My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad with their 7 . Our 8 in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 9 bunny from the belt. This was 10 than it sounds. 11 a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I’d 12 . Dad 13 . The son of a grocer, he’d spent the summers of his childhood 14 food in Benardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you 15 the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me. 1. A. sold B. ordered C. made D. reserved 2 A. stores B. families C. schools D. citizens 3. A. generous B. financial C. technical D. temporary 4. A. plans B. problems C. excuses D. hobbies 5. A. offer B. earn C. set D. suggest 6. A. worked B. closed C. developed D. survived 7. A. ambition B. permission C. experience D. invitation 8. A. joys B. ideas C. roles D. choices 9. A. Save B. Keep C. Stop D. Remove 10. A. harder B. better C. longer D. cheaper 11. A. Calm down B. Slow down C. Stay on D. Move on 12. A. indicated B. witnessed C. expected D. remembered 13. A. cried B. smiled C. hesitated D. refused 14. A. tasting B. finding C. sharing D. delivering 15. A. withdraw B. donate C. receive D. appreciate 【答案】 1. C 2. A 3. D. 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. D 【解析】 1【答案】C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理，在复活节期间，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。A. sold销售；B. ordered订购；C. made制作；D. reserved预订。根据后文作者在工厂的具体工作（放置蛋糕、添加糖霜耳朵等）可知，面包店是“制作”蛋糕，故选C。 2【答案】A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：……为克利夫兰各地的所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。A. stores商店；B. families家庭；C. schools学校；D. citizens市民。根据“throughout Cleveland”以及面包店的商业性质，蛋糕是供应给各个“商店”的，故选A。 3【答案】D 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：恰巧市区的工厂在春假期间需要八个孩子做临时帮手。A. generous慷慨的；B. financial财务的；C. technical技术的；D. temporary临时的。春假期间的帮忙是短期的、临时的，故选D。 4【答案】A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了听我最喜欢的唱片之外，我没有任何计划。A. plans计划；B. problems问题；C. excuses借口；D. hobbies爱好。根据“beyond listening to my favorite records”可知，作者原本没有其他安排，即没有“计划”，故选A。 5【答案】B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我能挣到最低工资。A. offer提供；B. earn挣得；C. set设定；D. suggest建议。打工赚钱，用“earn minimum wage”表示挣最低工资，故选B。 6【答案】A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想看看工厂是如何运转的。A. worked运转，工作；B. closed关闭；C. developed发展；D. survived幸存。作者想了解工厂的运作方式，故选A。 7【答案】B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的父母认为这完全是个好主意，并打电话给Betsy的爸爸征求他的同意。A. ambition野心；B. permission许可；C. experience经验；D. invitation邀请。父母需要征得对方家长的同意，故选B。 8【答案】C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们在工厂里的角色很简单。A. joys乐趣；B. ideas想法；C. roles角色；D. choices选择。后文描述具体工作内容，即每个人的“角色”，故选C。 9【答案】D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：将兔子蛋糕从传送带上取下。A. Save拯救；B. Keep保持；C. Stop停止；D. Remove移开。完成装饰后需要把蛋糕从传送带上拿走，故选D。 10【答案】A 考查形容词比较级辨析。句意：这比听起来要难。A. harder更难的；B. better更好的；C. longer更长的；D. cheaper更便宜的。根据下文“it was all a little more high-pressure”可知压力大，工作比听起来更难，故选A。 11【答案】B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：稍微慢一点，蛋糕就会堆积起来。A. Calm down冷静；B. Slow down减速；C. Stay on继续停留；D. Move on继续前进。传送带不停移动，如果动作慢会导致蛋糕堆积，故选B。 12【答案】C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这比我预想的压力要大一些。A. indicated表明；B. witnessed见证；C. expected预料；D. remembered记得。作者原本没料到压力这么大，故选C。 13【答案】B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：爸爸笑了。A. cried哭泣；B. smiled微笑；C. hesitated犹豫；D. refused拒绝。父亲听到作者的经历，因为自己童年也有类似经历，所以会心一笑，故选B。 14【答案】D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为杂货店老板的儿子，他童年夏天都在新泽西州贝纳兹维尔运送食品。A. tasting品尝；B. finding发现；C. sharing分享；D. delivering运送。杂货店的工作包括送货，故选D。 15【答案】D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我，这种工作会让你珍惜自己挣来的钱，并尊重那些做这种工作的人。A. withdraw提取；B. donate捐赠；C. receive收到；D. appreciate珍惜，感激。通过劳动体会到赚钱不易，从而珍惜金钱，故选D。 三、语法填空试题 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Sima Qian, one of the greatest historians in Chinese history, was born in 145 or 135 BCE. 1 (influence) by his father, who was also a historian, Sima Qian took an interest in history when he was a child. He learnt Chinese classics from great literary masters, and 2 the age of 20, he began travelling extensively across the country. He interviewed the local people 3 (get) a wide range of information. Learning and travelling were exactly 4 helped him in his later career as a historian. His father’s dream was that one day he could write a great masterpiece recording what had happened in history. After his father died, Sima Qian succeeded his father as Grand Historian, 5 facilitated his access to official books and files. However, his work proved difficult, because 6 (sort) out all the available resources and checking facts of historical materials required painstaking efforts. His chief concern was whether he could do his job more 7 (effective) and efficiently. As he 8 (carry) on with his work, something awful happened to Sima Qian. He was put in prison, where he suffered a lot of pain physically and mentally. However he was not defeated. He never forgot about his father’s will, in good times 9 bad times. After more than ten years of hard work, the Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian), his masterpiece, 10 (complete). 答案 1. Influenced 2. at 3. to get 4. what 5. which 6. sorting 7. effectively 8. carried 9. or 10. was completed 解析 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词（过去分词）。句意：受他同为历史学家的父亲的影响，司马迁从小就对历史产生了兴趣。动词influence与主语Sima Qian之间为被动关系（“被影响”），且动作已完成，故用过去分词Influenced作状语。注意句首首字母大写。 【2题详解】 考查介词。句意：……在20岁时，他开始广泛游历全国。固定搭配“at the age of ...”表示“在……岁时”，故填at。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词（不定式）。句意：他采访当地人，以获取广泛的信息。动词不定式to get作目的状语，说明采访的目的。 【4题详解】 考查连接词（表语从句引导词）。句意：学习和游历正是后来帮助他成为历史学家的东西。空格处引导表语从句，且在从句中作主语，指代“学习和游历”这件事，故用what。 【5题详解】 考查定语从句关系词。句意：……司马迁继任太史令，这使他得以接触官方书籍和档案。空格引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句的内容（继任太史令这件事），且在从句中作主语，故用which。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词，ing形式做主语。句意：因为整理所有可用的资料以及核对历史材料的事实都需要付出艰苦的努力。此处缺主语，可以从后面的and checking facts of historical materials可知：此处为动名词短语作主语。故用sorting。 【7题详解】 考查词性转换（副词）。句意：他主要关心的是能否更有效率和高效地完成工作。此处修饰动词do，需用副词形式；且与后面的efficiently并列，同为副词，故将effective变为effectively。more effectively意为“更有效地”。 【8题详解】 考查动词时态（一般过去时）。句意：当他继续工作时，可怕的事情发生了。描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时carried on。也可用was carrying（过去进行时），但一般过去时更简洁常见。 【9题详解】 考查并列连词。句意：无论顺境还是逆境，他从未忘记父亲的梦想。固定搭配“in good times or bad times”意为“无论在顺境还是逆境中”. 用or表示选择，更符合此处语境和文章主题。 【10题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：经过十多年的努力，他的杰作《史记》完成了。主语the Shiji与complete之间为被动关系（被完成），且叙述过去发生的历史事实，故用一般过去时的被动语态was completed。 用英文写作 假设你是李华。你的英国笔友Tom来信说：他对中国历法很感兴趣，但分不清“阴历”和“阳历”。请你写一封回信，内容包括： 1. 基本区别； 2. 以某一个传统节日为例向他解释。 注意: 1. 写作词数应为80个左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Tom, You asked about the lunar calendar and the solar calendar. __________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 范文 Dear Tom, You asked about the lunar calendar and the solar calendar. The solar calendar is based on Earth’s orbit around the sun, which takes about 365 days. In contrast, the lunar calendar follows the moon’s phases, with about 354 days in a year. Take the Spring Festival as an example. It falls on the first day of the first lunar month, so its date on the solar calendar changes every year — usually between late January and mid-February. This is why the Spring Festival is also called the Chinese New Year and comes at a different time each year. I hope this helps you understand the difference better. （96词） Yours sincerely, Li Hua 解析 一、内容要点对应 题目要求 范文对应内容 基本区别 阳历基于地球公转（约365天），阴历基于月相（约354天） 以某一传统节日为例 春节固定在农历正月初一，因此阳历日期每年变化（1月下旬至2月中旬） 二、语言亮点 对比连接词：In contrast 清晰区分两种历法，比单纯的 while 更正式。 具体数据：about 365 days/about 354 days in a year使区别更直观。 因果逻辑：so引出结果，This is why进一步解释节日别名和日期变化的原因。 文化点：点出“春节也称为中国新年”，帮助外国读者理解。 三、结构与格式 称呼、正文、结尾敬语、签名完整。 三段式：第一段讲区别，第二段举例说明，第三段收尾。 正文词数约96词（不含称呼和签名），符合要求。 四、可替换表达 原表达 替换表达 based on determined by In contrast On the other hand follows the moon’s phases tracks the moon’s cycles falls on takes place on comes at a different time varies from year to year 1 / 5 ( zxxk.com )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $The Price of progress, doctor lin stood before the ancient pyramid filled with all this heritage of a lost civilization was incredible sculptures carved from clay and coral, still unbroken after centuries. But an urgent problem demanded action. The local government plan to build a damn nearby, which would flood the entire basin. A panel of specialists was called for consultation. Doctor lyn had to submit a formal motion to suspend the project. SHE acknowledged the need for economic growth, yet argued that this legacy was Priceless. The committee fell into division. Some feared that stopping development would lead to violence among workers. After hours of debate, a corporation emerged. They assigned a string of conservation initiative. The outcome was a showcase reserve. Visitors pay a small entry fee, while the damn was built else wear. This milestone proved that humble respect for the primitive past can lead to a peaceful future, no panic, no chaos, only reason.