暑假作业07 过去进行时和过去完成时的被动语态（巩固培优） 高二英语译林版

**基本信息** 聚焦过去进行时和过去完成时被动语态，构建“概念-构成-用法-转换”四阶逻辑体系，提炼主动变被动四步法，通过分层练习提升语言应用与思维分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|----|----|----| |定义与构成|2类语态定义+3种过去分词变化规则|主动变被动四步法（找宾语-定时态-变be+过去分词-调整成分）|从主动被动概念对比，到两种时态被动构成（was/were being+过去分词、had been+过去分词），形成语法规则认知链| |用法与转换|10题主动变被动+10题填空+5道高考真题|时态对应be动词形式（过去进行时用was/were，过去完成时用had）|结合时间状语（at that time/by the end of）区分两种被动用法场景，通过真题强化语境应用能力|

Hey, tom, do you still remember the mess in the gym yesterday afternoon? Of course, lily, when I walked in the whole stage, was being decorated with old newspaper instead of proper ribbons. Haha, yes. And at the same time, the donation boxes were being painted by the art club, but they use the wrong color, so everything turned pink. I saw that. Then I noticed the sound system was being tested by our music teacher, but I only played chicken noises . that was funny. Meanwhile, the chairs were being arranged by the new students, and they accidentally made a spiral shape. right? And while that happened, the sand table was being set up near the door. But a strong wind kept blowing the napkins away. Poor napkins. Later, I heard that the Price signs kept being rewritten because someone kept stealing the marker that . someone was me. sorry. But in the end, everything was being finished just before the headmaster arrived. True, despite all the chaos, our hard work was being appreciated by everyone. What a crazy but fun afternoon. 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业07 过去进行时和过去完成时的被动语态 （原卷板） 一、定义 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调“谁/什么被……”。 过去进行时的被动语态：强调在过去某个时刻或某段时间内，主语正在被……。 They were cleaning the classroom. → The classroom was being cleaned. 他们当时正在打扫教室。→ 教室当时正在被打扫。 过去完成时的被动语态：强调在过去某一时间或动作之前，主语已经被……。 They had cleaned the classroom before the teacher arrived. → The classroom had been cleaned before the teacher arrived. 老师到之前，他们已经打扫了教室。→ 老师到之前，教室已经被打扫了。 二、构成 1. 过去进行时被动语态 由“was / were + being + 过去分词”构成。 肯定式：The road was being repaired. 否定式：The road was not being repaired. 疑问式：Was the road being repaired? 2. 过去完成时被动语态 由“had been + 过去分词”构成，无人称和数的变化。 肯定式：The problem had been solved. 否定式：The problem had not been solved. 疑问式：Had the problem been solved? 3. 过去分词的构成 1）规则变化 一般情况下直接加 -ed：work → worked, play → played 以不发音的 e 结尾，只加 -d：like → liked, live → lived 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾，变 y 为 i 再加 -ed：study → studied, carry → carried picnic, panic, traffic 这三个词 + ked 重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母再加 -ed：例如：stop → stopped, plan → planned, pat → patted, plot → plotted, spot → spotted, dot → dotted, knot → knotted, ban → banned, can → canned（“装罐”）, fan → fanned（“扇风”）, grab → grabbed, rub → rubbed, rob → robbed, sob → sobbed, ship → shipped, shop → shopped, drop → dropped, chop → chopped, slip → slipped, tip → tipped, clap → clapped, wrap → wrapped, trap → trapped, tap → tapped, map → mapped, zip → zipped, trim → trimmed, skim → skimmed, drum → drummed, star → starred（v. 主演）, scar → scarred 注意这几个重读在第二个音节的单词，必须双写词尾辅音字母再加ed： refer → referred, prefer → preferred，infer → inferred，occur →occurred，equip →equipped, regret → regretted, admit → admitted, permit → permitted, commit → committed, submit → submitted, transmit → transmitted, transfer → transferred 2）不规则变化（精选中学高频词） AAA型（原形、过去式、过去分词同形）： cut - cut - cut, put - put - put, read - read - read, let - let - let, hurt - hurt - hurt ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）：build - built - built, send - sent - sent, spend - spent - spent, teach - taught - taught, feel - felt - felt, keep - kept - kept, leave - left - left ABC型（三形不同）：begin - began - begun, drink - drank - drunk, ring - rang - rung, take - took - taken, go - went - gone, see - saw - seen, give - gave - given AAB型：beat - beat - beaten ABA型：come - came - come, become - became - become, run - ran - run 三、基本用法 一）过去进行时被动语态 1. 表示过去某个时刻正在被进行的动作 常与 at that time, at 8 o‘clock last night 等具体时间状语连用。 At nine last night, the baby was being bathed by her mother. 昨晚九点，宝宝正在被妈妈洗澡。 The telephone was being repaired when I walked into the office. 我走进办公室时，电话正在被修理。 2. 表示过去某段时间内持续被进行的动作 常与 all day, the whole morning 等时间段连用。 The bridge was being built all through last year. 去年一整年，那座桥一直都在被修建。 During that period, many factories were being closed down. 那段时间，很多工厂在陆续被关闭。 3. 用于叙述过去某一场景下的背景动作 强调在这个被动的背景动作发生时，另一件事发生。 The dishes were being washed when she cut her finger. 她正在洗碗时，割破了手指。 The patient was being operated on, so his family waited anxiously outside. 病人正在被做手术，所以家属在外面焦急等待。 二）过去完成时被动语态 1. 表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的被动动作 常与 by the end of..., by the time... 等状语连用。 By the time the police came, the thief had been caught by the brave neighbors. 警察到时，小偷已经被勇敢的邻居们抓住了。 All the preparations had been completed by the end of last week. 到上周末，所有的准备工作都已经完成了。 2. 用于宾语从句中，主句为一般过去时，从句动作先于主句 特别是在间接引语中，直接引语的现在完成时或一般过去时被动，常转为过去完成时被动。 The media reported that a new planet had been discovered. 媒体报道说一颗新的行星已经被发现了。 She told me that her wallet had been stolen on the bus. 她告诉我她的钱包在公交车上被偷了。 3. 表示过去未曾实现的计划或与过去事实相反的假设（虚拟语气中常见） If I had been invited, I would have attended the party. 如果我被邀请了，我就会去参加聚会了。（事实上没被邀请） The decision had been intended to bring peace, but it failed. 那个决定原本打算带来和平，但失败了。 四、主动语态变被动语态 英语中主动语态变被动语态的核心逻辑是：把原句的宾语变成主语，动词改为“be + 过去分词”，原来的主语变成（或省略）“by + 宾语”。 步骤：找到原句的宾语（动作的承受者） → 将它移到句首做新主语；确定原句的时态 → 对应写出 be动词的正确形式 + 过去分词；原主语变成 by + 原主语（可以省略）；其他成分（状语等）位置不变。 例1： 主动：I love him → 被动：He is loved by me. 注意双宾语动词 (give, send, tell) 两种变法：把间接或直接宾语提前 例2： 主动：He gave me a book → I was given a book. 或 → A book was given to me. 例3： 1. The workers were painting the fence all morning. （过去进行时） → The fence was being painted by the workers all morning. 2. They had finished the construction before the rainy season. （过去完成时） → The construction had been finished before the rainy season. 一、主动语态变被动语态 将下列句子改为被动语态，一空一词。 1. The volunteers were cleaning the park at this time yesterday. → The park ______ ______ ______ by the volunteers at this time yesterday. 2. She was feeding the baby when I came in. → The baby ______ ______ ______ by her when I came in. 3. They were repairing the old temple all last month. → The old temple ______ ______ ______ all last month. 4. The workers were building a new bridge across the river. → A new bridge ______ ______ ______ across the river by the workers. 5. The engineers were testing the new system when the power went off. → The new system ______ ______ ______ by the engineers when the power went off. 6. Someone had locked the classroom door before I arrived. → The classroom door ______ ______ ______ before I arrived. 7. They had sold all the tickets by the time we got to the cinema. → All the tickets ______ ______ ______ by the time we got to the cinema. 8. The company had developed the software before 2020. → The software ______ ______ ______ by the company before 2020. 9. He had repaired the car before we set off. → The car ______ ______ ______ by him before we set off. 10. The team had won the championship by the end of last season. → The championship ______ ______ ______ by the team by the end of last season. 二、用所给动词的正确形式填空 1. When I walked past the kitchen, dinner ______ (prepare) by my mother then . 2. By the time the guests arrived, all the decorations ______ (put) up. 3. The road ______ (repair) at this moment yesterday, so we had to take another way. 4. She was surprised to find that her bike ______ (move) away already. 5. The room was very noisy because the floor upstairs ______ (clean) by the robots. 6. We were told that the project ______ (complete) ahead of schedule. 7. The actor was unaware that his picture ______ (take) by a reporter at that moment. 8. When I tried to enter the hall, I was stopped because the lecture ______ (record). 9. All the evidence showed that the fire ______ (cause) by a broken wire. 10. The manager promised that the problem ______ (deal) with as soon as possible. 一、中译英 1. 昨晚十点，那台机器还在被修理。 2. 当我们赶到书店时，我们要的那本书已经卖掉了。 3. 他告诉我他的新小说已经被翻译成了法语。 4. 昨天下午四点半，一场重要的篮球赛正在体育馆举行。 5. 到上个月末，所有丢失的文件都已经被找到了。 6. 当她走进房间时，发现那幅画正在从墙上被取下来。 7. 救援队得知，那个男孩已经被安全送到了医院。 8. 今天早上我路过操场时，一些新设备正在被安装。 9. 她非常难过，因为她发现她所有的花朵都被暴风雨毁掉了。 10. 昨天晚上停电的时候，一部电影正在被放映。 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号中单词的正确形式。 Last month, our school organized a visit to a historic tower. When we arrived, we found the ancient tower 1 (surround) by a high fence. The gate was shut because the inside 2 (paint). We were told that the tower 3 (close) to the public for almost a year due to repairs. Through the fence, we could see that the old walls 4 (strengthen) by workers. The guide said the original wooden stairs 5 (already, replace) with stone ones by the end of last year. She mentioned that many precious paintings 6 (remove) and safely stored before the heavy rain season. Looking up, we noticed some statues on the top 7 (clean) very carefully. Even the bell at the top 8 (polish), so it looked shining. Though we couldn’t enter, we were happy that such an important building 9 (protect) properly. I later wrote in my diary, “The history of this tower 10 (preserve) for us to see in the future.” 一、高考真题再现 1.【2011年北京卷】 Experiments of this kind __________ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War. A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted 2. 【2017年北京卷】In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones ___________ yet. A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented 3.【2017年江苏卷】 He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he ____________. A. was being followed B. was following C. had been followed D. followed 4. 【2018年北京卷】 A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _____ in the mountains for two days. A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped 5. 【2018年江苏卷】I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan ___ in the past two years. A. had been carried out B. would be carried out C. is being carried out D. has been carried out 二、阅读理解（语境学语法）选出最佳答案。 Yesterday afternoon, while our teacher thought we were quietly studying in the classroom, a secret plan was being carried out in the school kitchen. We wanted to bake a giant birthday cake for her. Little did we know how much chaos was being created at the same time. First, six eggs were being broken into a large bowl—or so we thought. Actually, the eggshells were being dropped into the bowl along with the yolks (蛋黄), because Tom’s hands were shaking from excitement. Then the flour was being sifted (筛) by Lisa, but half of it was being blown onto her face by a sudden breeze from the window. She looked like a snowy ghost! Meanwhile, the sugar was being measured by me, except that I accidentally grabbed the salt jar. Yes, salt was being added instead of sugar, and nobody noticed. The oven was being preheated — and then, due to a clumsy twist of the dial, it was being overheated rapidly. While the batter (面糊) was being stirred by an electric mixer, the mixer flew out of the bowl and spun wildly in the air, throwing butter everywhere. The kitchen counter was being covered with sticky things, and the floor was being turned into a skating rink. Just as we thought the whole project was being ruined, a miracle happened. The half-baked cake was being cooked at an extreme temperature for only three minutes before black smoke began to pour out. The fire alarm screamed. We pulled out a lopsided, burnt-on-one-side monster. But when our teacher tasted it, she laughed and said, “Best salty-sweet cake ever!” Every messy mistake was being celebrated as a funny memory. In the end, the kitchen was being cleaned by all of us with great joy—and lots of soapy water. 1. What happened while the batter was being stirred? A. The oven was being overheated rapidly. B. The eggshells were being dropped into the bowl. C. The electric mixer flew out of the bowl and spun wildly. D. The kitchen floor was being turned into a skating rink. 2. What does the word “lopsided” in paragraph 4 most likely mean? A. Perfectly round and symmetrical B. Burnt on both sides evenly C. Heavier or larger on one side than the other D. Extremely delicious and sweet 3. Why did the teacher say “Best salty-sweet cake ever!” even though the cake was burnt and salty? A. She was being sarcastic and actually hated the cake. B. She wanted to punish the students for making a mess. C. She had never tasted cake before and didn’t know better. D. She appreciated the students’ effort and found the experience funny. 4. What is the best title for this passage? A. The Great Cake Disaster B. A Quiet Study Afternoon at School C. How to Bake a Perfect Birthday Cake D. The Importance of Using Sugar in Baking 再仔细阅读原文，找出含过去完成时的句子，认真体会其用法。 Yesterday afternoon, while our teacher thought we were quietly studying in the classroom, a secret plan was being carried out in the school kitchen. We wanted to bake a giant birthday cake for her. Little did we know how much chaos was being created at the same time. First, six eggs were being broken into a large bowl—or so we thought. Actually, the eggshells were being dropped into the bowl along with the yolks (蛋黄), because Tom’s hands were shaking from excitement. Then the flour was being sifted (筛) by Lisa, but half of it was being blown onto her face by a sudden breeze from the window. She looked like a snowy ghost! Meanwhile, the sugar was being measured by me, except that I accidentally grabbed the salt jar. Yes, salt was being added instead of sugar, and nobody noticed. The oven was being preheated — and then, due to a clumsy twist of the dial, it was being overheated rapidly. While the batter (面糊) was being stirred by an electric mixer, the mixer flew out of the bowl and spun wildly in the air, throwing butter everywhere. The kitchen counter was being covered with sticky things, and the floor was being turned into a skating rink. Just as we thought the whole project was being ruined, a miracle happened. The half-baked cake was being cooked at an extreme temperature for only three minutes before black smoke began to pour out. The fire alarm screamed. We pulled out a lopsided, burnt-on-one-side monster. But when our teacher tasted it, she laughed and said, “Best salty-sweet cake ever!” Every messy mistake was being celebrated as a funny memory. In the end, the kitchen was being cleaned by all of us with great joy—and lots of soapy water. 三、听力理解（听中学语法）选出最佳答案。 1. Who arranged the chairs into a spiral shape yesterday afternoon? A. The art club. B. The music teacher. C. The new students. 2. What can be inferred about Tom from the conversation? A. He felt sorry for what he had done. B. He kept rewriting the price signs himself. C. He arranged the chairs into a spiral shape. 3. What can be inferred from Lily’s last sentence “Despite all the chaos, our hard work was being appreciated by everyone”? A. The sound system was tested successfully. B. The donation boxes were painted pink on purpose. C. The students’ efforts were valued even with mistakes. 4. What is the conversation mainly about? A. A perfectly organized school event. B. A funny and messy preparation for a school sale. C. The proper way to decorate a stage with ribbons. 再仔细阅读录音文字材料，找出含过去完成时的句子，认真体会其用法。 Lily: Hey Tom, do you still remember the mess in the gym yesterday afternoon? Tom: Of course, Lily! When I walked in, the whole stage was being decorated with old newspaper instead of proper ribbons. Lily: Haha, yes! And at the same time, the donation boxes were being painted by the art club — but they used the wrong color, so everything turned pink. Tom: I saw that. Then I noticed the sound system was being tested by our music teacher, but it only played chicken noises. Lily: That was funny! Meanwhile, the chairs were being arranged by the new students, and they accidentally made a spiral shape. Tom: Right. And while that happened, the snacks table was being set up near the door, but a strong wind kept blowing the napkins away. Lily: Poor napkins! Later, I heard that the price signs kept being rewritten because someone kept stealing the marker. Tom: That someone was me — sorry! But in the end, everything was being finished just before the headmaster arrived. Lily: True. Despite all the chaos, our hard work was being appreciated by everyone. What a crazy but fun afternoon! 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业07 过去进行时和过去完成时的被动语态 （解析版） 一、定义 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调“谁/什么被……”。 过去进行时的被动语态：强调在过去某个时刻或某段时间内，主语正在被……。 They were cleaning the classroom. → The classroom was being cleaned. 他们当时正在打扫教室。→ 教室当时正在被打扫。 过去完成时的被动语态：强调在过去某一时间或动作之前，主语已经被……。 They had cleaned the classroom before the teacher arrived. → The classroom had been cleaned before the teacher arrived. 老师到之前，他们已经打扫了教室。→ 老师到之前，教室已经被打扫了。 二、构成 1. 过去进行时被动语态 由“was / were + being + 过去分词”构成。 肯定式：The road was being repaired. 否定式：The road was not being repaired. 疑问式：Was the road being repaired? 2. 过去完成时被动语态 由“had been + 过去分词”构成，无人称和数的变化。 肯定式：The problem had been solved. 否定式：The problem had not been solved. 疑问式：Had the problem been solved? 3. 过去分词的构成 1）规则变化 一般情况下直接加 -ed：work → worked, play → played 以不发音的 e 结尾，只加 -d：like → liked, live → lived 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾，变 y 为 i 再加 -ed：study → studied, carry → carried picnic, panic, traffic 这三个词 + ked 重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母再加 -ed：例如：stop → stopped, plan → planned, pat → patted, plot → plotted, spot → spotted, dot → dotted, knot → knotted, ban → banned, can → canned（“装罐”）, fan → fanned（“扇风”）, grab → grabbed, rub → rubbed, rob → robbed, sob → sobbed, ship → shipped, shop → shopped, drop → dropped, chop → chopped, slip → slipped, tip → tipped, clap → clapped, wrap → wrapped, trap → trapped, tap → tapped, map → mapped, zip → zipped, trim → trimmed, skim → skimmed, drum → drummed, star → starred（v. 主演）, scar → scarred 注意这几个重读在第二个音节的单词，必须双写词尾辅音字母再加ed： refer → referred, prefer → preferred，infer → inferred，occur →occurred，equip →equipped, regret → regretted, admit → admitted, permit → permitted, commit → committed, submit → submitted, transmit → transmitted, transfer → transferred 2）不规则变化（精选中学高频词） AAA型（原形、过去式、过去分词同形）： cut - cut - cut, put - put - put, read - read - read, let - let - let, hurt - hurt - hurt ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）：build - built - built, send - sent - sent, spend - spent - spent, teach - taught - taught, feel - felt - felt, keep - kept - kept, leave - left - left ABC型（三形不同）：begin - began - begun, drink - drank - drunk, ring - rang - rung, take - took - taken, go - went - gone, see - saw - seen, give - gave - given AAB型：beat - beat - beaten ABA型：come - came - come, become - became - become, run - ran - run 三、基本用法 一）过去进行时被动语态 1. 表示过去某个时刻正在被进行的动作 常与 at that time, at 8 o‘clock last night 等具体时间状语连用。 At nine last night, the baby was being bathed by her mother. 昨晚九点，宝宝正在被妈妈洗澡。 The telephone was being repaired when I walked into the office. 我走进办公室时，电话正在被修理。 2. 表示过去某段时间内持续被进行的动作 常与 all day, the whole morning 等时间段连用。 The bridge was being built all through last year. 去年一整年，那座桥一直都在被修建。 During that period, many factories were being closed down. 那段时间，很多工厂在陆续被关闭。 3. 用于叙述过去某一场景下的背景动作 强调在这个被动的背景动作发生时，另一件事发生。 The dishes were being washed when she cut her finger. 她正在洗碗时，割破了手指。 The patient was being operated on, so his family waited anxiously outside. 病人正在被做手术，所以家属在外面焦急等待。 二）过去完成时被动语态 1. 表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的被动动作 常与 by the end of..., by the time... 等状语连用。 By the time the police came, the thief had been caught by the brave neighbors. 警察到时，小偷已经被勇敢的邻居们抓住了。 All the preparations had been completed by the end of last week. 到上周末，所有的准备工作都已经完成了。 2. 用于宾语从句中，主句为一般过去时，从句动作先于主句 特别是在间接引语中，直接引语的现在完成时或一般过去时被动，常转为过去完成时被动。 The media reported that a new planet had been discovered. 媒体报道说一颗新的行星已经被发现了。 She told me that her wallet had been stolen on the bus. 她告诉我她的钱包在公交车上被偷了。 3. 表示过去未曾实现的计划或与过去事实相反的假设（虚拟语气中常见） If I had been invited, I would have attended the party. 如果我被邀请了，我就会去参加聚会了。（事实上没被邀请） The decision had been intended to bring peace, but it failed. 那个决定原本打算带来和平，但失败了。 四、主动语态变被动语态 英语中主动语态变被动语态的核心逻辑是：把原句的宾语变成主语，动词改为“be + 过去分词”，原来的主语变成（或省略）“by + 宾语”。 步骤：找到原句的宾语（动作的承受者） → 将它移到句首做新主语；确定原句的时态 → 对应写出 be动词的正确形式 + 过去分词；原主语变成 by + 原主语（可以省略）；其他成分（状语等）位置不变。 例1： 主动：I love him → 被动：He is loved by me. 注意双宾语动词 (give, send, tell) 两种变法：把间接或直接宾语提前 例2： 主动：He gave me a book → I was given a book. 或 → A book was given to me. 例3： 1. The workers were painting the fence all morning. （过去进行时） → The fence was being painted by the workers all morning. 2. They had finished the construction before the rainy season. （过去完成时） → The construction had been finished before the rainy season. 一、主动语态变被动语态 将下列句子改为被动语态，一空一词。 1. The volunteers were cleaning the park at this time yesterday. → The park ______ ______ ______ by the volunteers at this time yesterday. 【答案】was being cleaned 【解析】考查过去进行时被动语态。原句过去进行时，变为被动，主语 the park 为单数，故用 was being cleaned。 2. She was feeding the baby when I came in. → The baby ______ ______ ______ by her when I came in. 【答案】was being fed 【解析】 考查过去进行时被动语态。主语 the baby 单数，用 was being fed。 3. They were repairing the old temple all last month. → The old temple ______ ______ ______ all last month. 【答案】was being repaired 【解析】过去进行时被动，用 was being repaired。 4. The workers were building a new bridge across the river. → A new bridge ______ ______ ______ across the river by the workers. 【答案】was being built 【解析】a new bridge 单数，过去进行时被动。 5. The engineers were testing the new system when the power went off. → The new system ______ ______ ______ by the engineers when the power went off. 【答案】was being tested 【解析】过去进行时被动。 6. Someone had locked the classroom door before I arrived. → The classroom door ______ ______ ______ before I arrived. 【答案】had been locked 【解析】考查过去完成时被动语态。原句过去完成时主动，变为被动，主语 door 单数，用 had been locked。 7. They had sold all the tickets by the time we got to the cinema. → All the tickets ______ ______ ______ by the time we got to the cinema. 【答案】had been sold 【解析】过去完成时被动，tickets 复数，但 had been 不变，过去分词 sold。 8. The company had developed the software before 2020. → The software ______ ______ ______ by the company before 2020. 【答案】had been developed 【解析】过去完成时被动，主语 software 单数。 9. He had repaired the car before we set off. → The car ______ ______ ______ by him before we set off. 【答案】had been repaired 【解析】过去完成时被动。 10. The team had won the championship by the end of last season. → The championship ______ ______ ______ by the team by the end of last season. 【答案】had been won 【解析】过去完成时被动，win 的过去分词是 won。 二、用所给动词的正确形式填空 1. When I walked past the kitchen, dinner ______ (prepare) by my mother then . 【答案】was being prepared 【解析】考查过去进行时被动。句意：我经过厨房时，妈妈正在做晚饭。表示过去某刻正在被做，用 was being prepared。 2. By the time the guests arrived, all the decorations ______ (put) up. 【答案】had been put 【解析】考查过去完成时被动。句意：客人到达时，所有装饰都已挂好。by the time 引导过去时间，挂好在此之前，过去的过去被动。 3. The road ______ (repair) at this moment yesterday, so we had to take another way. 【答案】was being repaired 【解析】at this moment yesterday 过去具体时刻，用过去进行时被动。 4. She was surprised to find that her bike ______ (move) away already. 【答案】had been moved 【解析】发现之前已经被移走，过去完成时被动。 5. The room was very noisy because the floor upstairs ______ (clean) by the robots. 【答案】was being cleaned 【解析】当时楼上地板正在被机器人清洁，过去进行时被动。 6. We were told that the project ______ (complete) ahead of schedule. 【答案】had been completed 【解析】主句过去时，从句“完成”在先，且为被动，过去完成时被动。 7. The actor was unaware that his picture ______ (take) by a reporter at that moment. 【答案】was being taken 【解析】他没意识到照片当时正在被拍，过去进行时被动。 8. When I tried to enter the hall, I was stopped because the lecture ______ (record). 【答案】was being recorded 【解析】讲座正在被录制，过去进行时被动。 9. All the evidence showed that the fire ______ (cause) by a broken wire. 【答案】had been caused 【解析】火灾在调查之前已被引起，过去完成时被动。 10. The manager promised that the problem ______ (deal) with as soon as possible. 【答案】would be dealt / had been dealt 【解析】此空略有灵活。若强调过去承诺中的将来动作，可用过去将来时被动 would be dealt；若表示在承诺时已处理，则用 had been dealt。 一、中译英 1. 昨晚十点，那台机器还在被修理。 【答案】At ten o’clock last night, the machine was still being repaired. 【解析】过去具体时刻“正在被修”，用过去进行时被动。 2. 当我们赶到书店时，我们要的那本书已经卖掉了。 【答案】When we hurried to the bookstore, the book we wanted had been sold. 【解析】到之前书已被卖，过去的过去被动，用过去完成时被动。 3. 他告诉我他的新小说已经被翻译成了法语。 【答案】He told me that his new novel had been translated into French. 【解析】间接引语，主句过去时，从句“被翻译”在前，用过去完成时被动。 4. 昨天下午四点半，一场重要的篮球赛正在体育馆举行。 【答案】At half past four yesterday afternoon, an important basketball match was being held in the gym. 【解析】过去具体时刻正在举行，用过去进行时被动。 5. 到上个月末，所有丢失的文件都已经被找到了。 【答案】By the end of last month, all the lost files had been found. 【解析】By... 过去时间标志，用过去完成时被动。 6. 当她走进房间时，发现那幅画正在从墙上被取下来。 【答案】When she entered the room, she found the painting was being taken down from the wall. 【解析】发现当时正在被取下，用过去进行时被动。 7. 救援队得知，那个男孩已经被安全送到了医院。 【答案】The rescue team learned that the boy had been sent to the hospital safely. 【解析】learned 过去，送医院在先，用过去完成时被动。 8. 今天早上我路过操场时，一些新设备正在被安装。 【答案】When I passed the playground this morning, some new equipment was being installed. 【解析】今早路过的那一时刻，正在被安装，用过去进行时被动。 9. 她非常难过，因为她发现她所有的花朵都被暴风雨毁掉了。 【答案】She was very sad because she found all her flowers had been destroyed by the storm. 【解析】发现时花已毁，过去的过去，用过去完成时被动。 10. 昨天晚上停电的时候，一部电影正在被放映。 【答案】When the power went off last night, a movie was being shown. 【解析】停电那一时刻正在被放映，用过去进行时被动。 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号中单词的正确形式。 Last month, our school organized a visit to a historic tower. When we arrived, we found the ancient tower 1 (surround) by a high fence. The gate was shut because the inside 2 (paint). We were told that the tower 3 (close) to the public for almost a year due to repairs. Through the fence, we could see that the old walls 4 (strengthen) by workers. The guide said the original wooden stairs 5 (already, replace) with stone ones by the end of last year. She mentioned that many precious paintings 6 (remove) and safely stored before the heavy rain season. Looking up, we noticed some statues on the top 7 (clean) very carefully. Even the bell at the top 8 (polish), so it looked shining. Though we couldn’t enter, we were happy that such an important building 9 (protect) properly. I later wrote in my diary, “The history of this tower 10 (preserve) for us to see in the future.” 【答案】 1. was surrounded 2. was being painted 3. had been closed 4. were being strengthened 5. had already been replaced 6. had been removed 7. were being cleaned 8. had been polished 9. was being protected / had been protected 10. had been preserved 【解析】 1. was surrounded：我们发现古塔被高栅栏围着，描述过去的状态，用一般过去时被动。 2. was being painted：大门关着因为内部正在被粉刷，当时正在进行的动作，用过去进行时被动。 3. had been closed：我们被告知塔对公众关闭了近一年，关闭发生在 told 之前，用过去完成时被动。 4. were being strengthened：透过栅栏我们看到旧墙壁正在被工人加固，当时正在进行，主语 walls 复数，用 were being strengthened。 5. had already been replaced：导览说去年年底前，木楼梯已经被替换成石阶了。by the end of last year 过去完成时标志，用过去完成时被动，already 放在 had 之后。 6. had been removed：许多珍贵画作在暴雨季节前已被移走并安全存放。remove 发生在 mentioned 之前，用过去完成时被动。 7. were being cleaned：我们注意到顶部的一些雕像正在被非常小心地清洁着，当时正在进行的被动动作，主语 statues 复数，用 were being cleaned。 8. had been polished：甚至顶部的大钟已经被擦亮，所以闪闪发亮。擦亮发生在 noticed 或那时之前，用过去完成时被动。 9. was being protected / had been protected：我们很高兴这样重要的建筑得到了妥善保护。可根据语境理解为当时正在受保护或已经被保护，两者均可。若强调当时的状态，用 was being protected；若强调已经完成的结果，用 had been protected。参考答案用 was being protected。 10. had been preserved：我在日记里写道：“这座塔的历史已被保存下来供我们在未来观看。”日记里 write 是过去时，保存发生在之前，用过去完成时被动。 一、高考真题再现 1.【2011年北京卷】 Experiments of this kind __________ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War. A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted 答案：D 解析：语境判断：时间状语well before the Second World War（早在二战之前）表明动作发生在过去的过去。主语Experiments与conduct（进行）之间是被动关系（实验被进行）。 2. 【2017年北京卷】In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones ___________ yet. A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented 【答案】D 试题分析：句意：在美国20世纪50年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话，并且无线电话还根本没有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态，排除A和C，事情发生在过去，与现在无关，不用现在完成时，排除B，故选D，过去完成时的被动语态。 3.【2017年江苏卷】 He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he ____________. A. was being followed B. was following C. had been followed D. followed 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子成分可知，he和follow是被动关系，即他被别人跟踪，排除B、D；根据句意＂在匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否正被跟踪＂，故用过去进行时最合适，故选A。 4. 【2018年北京卷】 A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _____ in the mountains for two days. A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped 【答案】D 【解析】考查语态和时态。句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“who ___ in the mountains for two days”是定语从句，修饰two tourists，two tourists和trap之间是被动关系，该空应用被动语态。由risked可知，营救人员救游客是过去的事情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前，即“过去的过去”，该空应用过去完成时态。综上，D选项正确。 5. 【2018年江苏卷】I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan ___ in the past two years. A. had been carried out B. would be carried out C. is being carried out D. has been carried out 【答案】A 【解析】考查时态。句意：上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。根据句中时间状语last month和in the past two years可知用过去完成时。故选A。 二、阅读理解（语境学语法）选出最佳答案。 Yesterday afternoon, while our teacher thought we were quietly studying in the classroom, a secret plan was being carried out in the school kitchen. We wanted to bake a giant birthday cake for her. Little did we know how much chaos was being created at the same time. First, six eggs were being broken into a large bowl—or so we thought. Actually, the eggshells were being dropped into the bowl along with the yolks (蛋黄), because Tom’s hands were shaking from excitement. Then the flour was being sifted (筛) by Lisa, but half of it was being blown onto her face by a sudden breeze from the window. She looked like a snowy ghost! Meanwhile, the sugar was being measured by me, except that I accidentally grabbed the salt jar. Yes, salt was being added instead of sugar, and nobody noticed. The oven was being preheated — and then, due to a clumsy twist of the dial, it was being overheated rapidly. While the batter (面糊) was being stirred by an electric mixer, the mixer flew out of the bowl and spun wildly in the air, throwing butter everywhere. The kitchen counter was being covered with sticky things, and the floor was being turned into a skating rink. Just as we thought the whole project was being ruined, a miracle happened. The half-baked cake was being cooked at an extreme temperature for only three minutes before black smoke began to pour out. The fire alarm screamed. We pulled out a lopsided, burnt-on-one-side monster. But when our teacher tasted it, she laughed and said, “Best salty-sweet cake ever!” Every messy mistake was being celebrated as a funny memory. In the end, the kitchen was being cleaned by all of us with great joy—and lots of soapy water. 1. What happened while the batter was being stirred? A. The oven was being overheated rapidly. B. The eggshells were being dropped into the bowl. C. The electric mixer flew out of the bowl and spun wildly. D. The kitchen floor was being turned into a skating rink. 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解 根据短文第三段：“While the batter was being stirred by an electric mixer, the mixer flew out of the bowl and spun wildly in the air...” 选项 C 是原文直接描述的事实。选项 A 发生在搅拌之前（烤箱过热），选项 B 发生在第一步打鸡蛋时，选项 D 是搅拌器飞溅黄油导致的后续结果，但不是“搅拌正在进行时”同时发生的直接事件。因此 C 为正确细节。 2. What does the word “lopsided” in paragraph 4 most likely mean? A. Perfectly round and symmetrical B. Burnt on both sides evenly C. Heavier or larger on one side than the other D. Extremely delicious and sweet 【答案】C 【解析】词义猜测 文中第四段描述蛋糕被拉出来时是“a lopsided, burnt-on-one-side monster”（一个歪斜的、只有一边被烧焦的怪物）。结合“burnt-on-one-side”（只有一边烧焦）可以推断，“lopsided”指的是蛋糕形状不均匀、一边比另一边大或重，即“歪斜的”。选项 A（完美圆润对称）与文意相反；选项 B（两边均匀烧焦）与“one side”矛盾；选项 D（极其美味香甜）与上下文不符，因为蛋糕实际上是盐味且烧焦的。故 C 正确。 3. Why did the teacher say “Best salty-sweet cake ever!” even though the cake was burnt and salty? A. She was being sarcastic and actually hated the cake. B. She wanted to punish the students for making a mess. C. She had never tasted cake before and didn’t know better. D. She appreciated the students’ effort and found the experience funny. 【答案】D 【解析】判断推理 短文整体语气积极幽默，虽然制作过程一团糟，但最后“Every messy mistake was being celebrated as a hilarious memory.”（每一个混乱的错误都被当作欢乐的回忆来庆祝）。老师的笑声和评价体现了她对学生们心意的肯定，以及对这场搞笑“灾难”的包容和欣赏。选项 A（讽刺、讨厌）与原文“laughed and said”以及“celebrated”矛盾；选项 B（惩罚学生）无依据；选项 C（没吃过蛋糕）不合理。因此推断老师是因为感动和觉得有趣才这样说，D 正确。 4. What is the best title for this passage? A. The Great Cake Disaster B. A Quiet Study Afternoon at School C. How to Bake a Perfect Birthday Cake D. The Importance of Using Sugar in Baking 【答案】A 【解析】文章标题 文章讲述了一群学生为老师秘密制作生日蛋糕，却因各种失误引发连串混乱（蛋壳掉进碗里、面粉吹到脸上、盐代替糖、烤箱过热、搅拌器飞溅、蛋糕烤焦），最终老师依然开心并一起打扫的故事。整个过程充满幽默和意外，标题“The Great Cake Disaster”（伟大的蛋糕惨败/闹剧）既概括了事件核心（蛋糕制作失败），又带有自嘲和喜剧色彩，与文章主题和风格一致。选项 C 暗示完美蛋糕，与内容相反；选项 B 只提到安静学习，并非文章重点；选项 D 强调糖的重要性，但文章重点是混乱与欢乐而非糖。因此 A 为最佳标题。 再仔细阅读原文，找出含过去完成时的句子，认真体会其用法。 Yesterday afternoon, while our teacher thought we were quietly studying in the classroom, a secret plan was being carried out in the school kitchen. We wanted to bake a giant birthday cake for her. Little did we know how much chaos was being created at the same time. First, six eggs were being broken into a large bowl—or so we thought. Actually, the eggshells were being dropped into the bowl along with the yolks (蛋黄), because Tom’s hands were shaking from excitement. Then the flour was being sifted (筛) by Lisa, but half of it was being blown onto her face by a sudden breeze from the window. She looked like a snowy ghost! Meanwhile, the sugar was being measured by me, except that I accidentally grabbed the salt jar. Yes, salt was being added instead of sugar, and nobody noticed. The oven was being preheated — and then, due to a clumsy twist of the dial, it was being overheated rapidly. While the batter (面糊) was being stirred by an electric mixer, the mixer flew out of the bowl and spun wildly in the air, throwing butter everywhere. The kitchen counter was being covered with sticky things, and the floor was being turned into a skating rink. Just as we thought the whole project was being ruined, a miracle happened. The half-baked cake was being cooked at an extreme temperature for only three minutes before black smoke began to pour out. The fire alarm screamed. We pulled out a lopsided, burnt-on-one-side monster. But when our teacher tasted it, she laughed and said, “Best salty-sweet cake ever!” Every messy mistake was being celebrated as a funny memory. In the end, the kitchen was being cleaned by all of us with great joy—and lots of soapy water. 三、听力理解（听中学语法）选出最佳答案。 1. Who arranged the chairs into a spiral shape yesterday afternoon? A. The art club. B. The music teacher. C. The new students. 2. What can be inferred about Tom from the conversation? A. He felt sorry for what he had done. B. He kept rewriting the price signs himself. C. He arranged the chairs into a spiral shape. 3. What can be inferred from Lily’s last sentence “Despite all the chaos, our hard work was being appreciated by everyone”? A. The sound system was tested successfully. B. The donation boxes were painted pink on purpose. C. The students’ efforts were valued even with mistakes. 4. What is the conversation mainly about? A. A perfectly organized school event. B. A funny and messy preparation for a school sale. C. The proper way to decorate a stage with ribbons. 答案及详细解析 1. 【答案】C 细节理解题 【解析】对话中 Lily 明确说道：“Meanwhile, the chairs were being arranged by the new students, and they accidentally made a spiral shape.” 因此，将椅子摆成螺旋形的是新学生（the new students）。选项 A（艺术俱乐部）负责涂刷捐款箱；选项 B（音乐老师）负责测试音响系统。两者均与椅子无关，但都在对话中出现过，不属于无中生有。 2. 【答案】A 判断推理题 【解析】当 Lily 提到价格牌被反复重写是因为有人一直偷记号笔时，Tom 承认“That someone was me — sorry!”。他说“sorry”表明他对自己偷笔的行为感到抱歉。因此可以推断他感到后悔。选项 B 错误，因为 Tom 是偷笔的人，而不是重写价格牌的人（重写是其他人被迫做的）。选项 C 错误，因为摆椅子的是新学生，不是 Tom。两个干扰项均基于对话中的信息（偷笔、摆椅子），但进行了错误归因，并非无中生有。 3.【答案】C 判断推理题 【解析】Lily 最后一句话明确指出，尽管一片混乱（Despite all the chaos），他们的努力仍然被大家欣赏（was being appreciated）。由此可以推断，学生们虽然犯了错误，但他们的付出得到了认可和重视。选项 A 与事实相反，因为音响系统测试时只发出鸡叫声，并非成功测试。选项 B 与事实相反，因为捐款箱被涂成粉色是由于用错了颜色，而非故意为之。两个干扰项都基于对话中真实发生的事件，只是做出了错误推断，没有无中生有。 4.【答案】B主旨大意题 【解析】整段对话围绕两人回忆昨天下午在体育馆为学校义卖会做准备的经历，其中充满了各种意外和混乱（旧报纸装饰、粉色捐款箱、鸡叫声、螺旋形椅子、吹走的餐巾、被偷的记号笔），但最终大家仍然很开心。选项 B 准确概括了这一主题。选项 A 错误，因为活动并非“完美组织”（perfectly organized），而是混乱的。选项 C 过于片面，仅提到舞台装饰，忽略了对话中其他大量内容。两个干扰项均从对话中提取了部分信息（“perfect”虽未直接出现，但作为反义对比，“proper ribbons”出现在第一句），不属于无中生有。 再仔细阅读录音文字材料，找出含过去完成时的句子，认真体会其用法。 Lily: Hey Tom, do you still remember the mess in the gym yesterday afternoon? Tom: Of course, Lily! When I walked in, the whole stage was being decorated with old newspaper instead of proper ribbons. Lily: Haha, yes! And at the same time, the donation boxes were being painted by the art club — but they used the wrong color, so everything turned pink. Tom: I saw that. Then I noticed the sound system was being tested by our music teacher, but it only played chicken noises. Lily: That was funny! Meanwhile, the chairs were being arranged by the new students, and they accidentally made a spiral shape. Tom: Right. And while that happened, the snacks table was being set up near the door, but a strong wind kept blowing the napkins away. Lily: Poor napkins! Later, I heard that the price signs kept being rewritten because someone kept stealing the marker. Tom: That someone was me — sorry! But in the end, everything was being finished just before the headmaster arrived. Lily: True. Despite all the chaos, our hard work was being appreciated by everyone. What a crazy but fun afternoon! 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $