专题02 必修第三册Units 3～4 单元词汇短语句型梳理（期末复习知识清单）高一英语下学期沪外版

专题02 必修第三册Unit3~Unit4单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 3 Healthy Lifestyle 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. charge [tʃɑːdʒ] n./v. ________________ 2. source [sɔːs] n. ________________ 3. extra [ˈekstrə] adj. ________________ 4. routine [ruːˈtiːn] adj. ; n. ________________ 5. rate [reɪt] n. ________________ 6. basis [ˈbeɪsɪs] n. ________________ 7. fitness [ˈfɪtnəs] n. ________________ 8. track [træk] n. ; v. ________________ 9. challenge [ˈtʃælɪndʒ] v./n. ________________ 10. motivate [ˈməʊtɪveɪt] v. ________________ 11. classic [ˈklæsɪk] adj. ; n. ________________ 12. beneficial [ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl] adj. ________________ 13. lower [ˈləʊə] v. ________________ 14. pressure [ˈpreʃə] n. ________________ 15. reduce [rɪˈdjuːs] v. ________________ 16. extreme [ɪkˈstriːm] adj. ________________ 17. suffer [ˈsʌfə] v. ________________ 18. option [ˈɒpʃn] n. ________________ 19. confirm [kənˈfɜːm] v. ________________ 20. power [ˈpaʊə] v. ; n. ________________ 21. symptom [ˈsɪmptəm] n. ________________ 22. oral [ˈɔːrəl] adj. ________________ 23. overall [ˌəʊvərˈɔːl] adj. ________________ 24. major [ˈmeɪdʒə] adj. ________________ 二、单词拓展 1. ________________ [ˈbeɪsɪs] n. 基准；原因；缘由 → ________________ n./v. 基础；以……为基地 → ________________ adj. 基础的 → ________________ adv. 基本上 2. ________________ [ˈfɪtnəs] n. 健康 → ________________ adj. 健康的；合适的 → ________________ v. 适合；合身 3. ________________ [ˈtʃælɪndʒ] v./n. 挑战 → ________________ adj. 有挑战性的 4. ________________ [ˈməʊtɪveɪt] v. 激发 → ________________ n. 动力；积极性 → ________________ adj. 有积极性的 5. ________________ [ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl] adj. 有帮助的；有用的 → ________________ v./n. 有益于；益处 6. ________________ [ˈpreʃə] n. 压力；压强 → ________________ v./n. 按压；逼迫 7. ________________ [rɪˈdjuːs] v. 减少，缩小 → ________________ n. 减少；缩减 8. ________________ [ɪkˈstriːm] adj. 极度的；极大的 → ________________ adv. 极其；非常 9. ________________ [ˈsʌfə] v. 遭受；蒙受 → ________________ n./adj. 痛苦（的）；苦难 10. ________________ [ˈɒpʃn] n. 可选择的事物；选择 → ________________ v. 选择 → ________________ adj. 可选择的；选修的 11. ________________ [kənˈfɜːm] v. 证实，确认 → ________________ n. 确认；证实 12. ________________ [ˈpaʊə] v. 驱动，推动；n. 影响力；操纵力 → ________________ adj. 强大的；有力的 13. ________________ [ˈmeɪdʒə] adj. 主要的；重要的 → ________________ n. 大多数 14. ________________ [ɪkˈspektənsi] n. 预料；预期 → ________________ v. 期待；预料 → ________________ adj. 意外的；想不到的 15. ________________ [ˈɪrɪtəbl] adj. 易怒的；暴躁的 → ________________ v. 使恼怒；激怒 → ________________ n. 恼怒；烦躁 三、常考单词 1.charge [tʃɑːdʒ] n./v. 主管；掌管；要价；收费 背重点 背写作佳句 in charge of 负责；掌管 take charge 接管；主持 free of charge 免费 charge sb. for sth. 向某人收取某物费用 ①Our club will be in charge of organizing the sports meeting, and all activities are provided free of charge. 我们社团将负责组织本次运动会，所有活动均免费参与。 ②Seeing no one to turn to, the young man decided to take charge and solve the problem on his own. 眼看无人可以求助，这个年轻人决定亲自接手，独立解决问题。 2.basis [ˈbeɪsɪs] n. 基准；原因；缘由 背重点 背写作佳句 on the basis of 以…… 为基础 on a regular basis 定期地；经常 ①We make this plan on the basis of students' real needs and daily study situation. 我们结合学生的实际需求与日常学习情况制定了这份计划。 ②He judged everything on the basis of his own experience, which finally led to a big mistake. 他仅凭个人经验判断一切，最终酿成了大错。 3..challenge [ˈtʃælɪndʒ] v./n. 挑战 背重点 背写作佳句 face challenges 面对挑战 meet the challenge 迎接挑战 challenge sb. to do sth. 挑战某人做某事 ①We should be brave enough to face all kinds of challenges in our study and life. 我们要勇敢面对学习和生活中的各种挑战。 ②Though the task was tough, she made up her mind to meet the challenge without hesitation. 尽管任务艰巨，她还是下定决心毫不犹豫地迎接挑战。 4.motivate [ˈməʊtɪveɪt] v. 激发；激励 背重点 背写作佳句 motivate sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 be motivated by 受…… 鼓舞 ①Teachers' encouragement can greatly motivate us to make greater progress. 老师的鼓励能极大激励我们取得更大进步。 ②His sincere words motivated me to pick up courage and keep moving forward. 他真挚的话语鼓舞我重拾勇气，继续前行。 5. beneficial [ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl] adj. 有帮助的；有益的 背重点 背写作佳句 be beneficial to sb./sth. 对…… 有益 ①Reading more books is extremely beneficial to teenagers' mental development. 多读书对青少年的心智发展大有裨益。 ②The quiet time alone was beneficial to him, helping him calm down and think clearly. 独处的时光对他很有帮助，让他冷静下来、理清思绪。 6.pressure [ˈpreʃə] n. 压力；压强 背重点 背写作佳句 under pressure 在压力之下 relieve pressure 缓解压力 mental pressure 精神压力 ①Proper exercise is an effective way to relieve study pressure. 适度运动是缓解学习压力的有效方式。 ②Under great pressure, she felt upset and didn't know what to do next. 身处巨大压力之下，她心烦意乱，不知下一步该如何是好。 四．单元短语 1. ________________ 负责，主管；在…看管下 2. ________________ 负责；主管 3. ________________ 负责；管理 4. ________________ 免费 5. ________________ 掌管，负责；主持；不受控制 6. ________________ 索价，要价；为…收费 7. ________________ 接管，负责 8. ________________ 日常工作；常规作业 9. ________________ 日常生活；日常工作 10. ________________ 以…为基础 11. ________________ 身体健康 12. ________________ 健身中心；健身房 13. ________________ 健身俱乐部 14. ________________ 激励某人去做某事 15. ________________ 对…有利 16. ________________ 遭受 ; 患病 17. ________________ 损失惨重 18. ________________ 了解…的动向 19. ________________ 不了解…的进展 20. ________________ 步入正轨 21. ________________ 使变成; 沦落到 五．单元佳句 1_________引导时间状语从句 _________, you’re able to start making your own decisions about a lot of things that matters most to you. 随着年龄的增长，你能开始为许多对你而言最重要的事做出自己的决定。 2_________结构 Both sleep and exercise are important to your health, but getting an extra hour in addition to a full night’s sleep is _________beneficial as a morning workout. 睡眠和锻炼都对健康很重要，但在保证整晚睡眠的前提下，额外睡眠反而不如晨练的好处多。 3._________ Good brushing twice a day by hand or by electric toothbrush is one of the most important ways to encourage_________good oral health _________your overall health. 每天手动或用电动牙刷正确刷牙是一种重要的方式，不仅有助于口腔健康，而且对全身健康都有利。 六．单元语法 省略 【提前感知】 If possible, discuss what kind of first aid you should give in these situations. Turn white when pressed. Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. 为了避免重复，将句子中的一个或几个成分省去，这种语法现象叫省略。省略是避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段。英语中的省略有下列几种情况。 一、状语从句的省略（★★★★★ 最高频考点） 当状语从句的主语 = 主句主语，且从句中含有 be 动词 时，可直接省略从句的主语 + be 动词。 前提缺一不可：主语一致 + 从句有 be 动词 1. 时间状语从句（when/while/as/before/after/since） 规则：满足总规则，省略主 + be，常变为 when/while + doing/done 例句：While (he was) reading, he fell asleep. 他看书的时候睡着了。 易错提醒：主从句主语不一致时，绝对不能省略。 反例（错误）：When I opened the door, was dark.（主语不同，不可省） 2. 条件状语从句（if/unless/once） 规则：同上，常考 if + done 结构 例句：If (you are) invited, you should go on time. 如果受到邀请，你应该准时到场。 3. 让步状语从句（though/although/even if） 规则：让步从句符合条件即可省略 例句：Though (she was) exhausted, she kept working. 尽管筋疲力尽，她仍继续工作。 4. 方式状语从句（as if/as though） 例句：He stood there as if (he was) frozen. 他站在那里，仿佛冻僵了一般。 5. 地点状语从句（where/wherever） 例句：Where (it is) necessary, you can take notes. 必要的地方你可以做笔记。 二、不定式的省略（★★★★☆ 单选、改错必考） 分两大考点：省略 to 和 保留 to、省略后面动词，是高考最易丢分点。 1. 感官 / 使役动词后：省略不定式符号 to 口诀：一感 (feel)、二听 (hear, listen to)、三让 (let, make, have)、四看 (see, watch, notice, look at)、半帮助 (help) 规则：主动语态中，上述动词后接不定式作宾补，省略 to。 例句：I saw him enter the library.（原结构：saw him to enter） 我看见他走进了图书馆。 关键易错（改错常客）：被动语态必须加 to 例句：He was seen to enter the library. 有人看见他走进了图书馆。 2. 避免重复：省略不定式实义动词，只保留 to 规则：上文已出现过某个动词，下文 want/hope/plan/refuse/would like 等词后，只留 to，省略后面动词。 例句： — Would you like to join us? — I’d love to.（省略 join us，不可直接说 I’d love） — 你想加入我们吗？— 我很乐意。 3. 特殊情况：不定式为 be/have 时，be/have 不能省 例句 1：— Are you a student? — I used to be.（保留 be，不可省略） — 你是学生吗？— 我以前是。 例句 2：He didn’t finish the work, but he ought to have.（保留 have） 他没完成工作，但他本应该完成的。 三、并列句中的省略（★★★☆☆ and/but/or/so 连接） 规则：并列连词连接两个分句时，后一分句与前一分句重复的主语、谓语、表语均可省略。 1. 省略重复主语 例句：He got up early and (he) caught the early bus. 他起得很早，赶上了早班车。 2. 省略重复谓语 例句：Some like singing, others (like) dancing. 有的人喜欢唱歌，有的人喜欢跳舞。 3. 省略重复表语 例句：The boy is young but (he is) wise. 这个男孩年纪小，但很聪慧。 4. or 选择句省略 例句：You can stay here or (you can) leave now. 你可以留在这里，也可以现在离开。 四、定语从句中的省略（★★★☆☆ 语法填空 / 定语从句考点） 核心规则：限制性定语从句中，关系代词 that/which/whom 在从句中作宾语时，可以省略；作主语绝对不能省。 1. 关系代词作宾语 → 可省略 例句：This is the pen (that/which) I bought yesterday. 这就是我昨天买的那支笔。（that/which 作 bought 宾语，省略） 2. 关系代词作主语 → 不可省略（必考点） 例句：The girl who is standing there is my classmate. 站在那儿的女孩是我的同学。（who 作主语，不能省） 3. 介词提前时：关系代词不可省略、不能用 that 例句：The man with whom you talked is my teacher. 和你聊天的那位男士是我的老师。（whom 不能省略，不能换成 that） 五、简单句 / 口语交际中的省略（★★★☆☆ 情景对话、基础句式） 多用于日常口语、祈使句，省略主语、谓语等。 1. 祈使句：省略主语 you 例句：(You) Open the door, please. 请开门。 2. 省略主语 + 系动词（常用寒暄语） 例句：(It is) Glad to meet you. 很高兴见到你。 3. 省略主语（口语短句） 例句：(I) Beg your pardon. 请再说一遍。 4. 省略宾语 例句：— Who broke the window? — Tom (broke it). — 谁打碎了窗户？— 汤姆。 六、特殊句式中的省略（★★☆☆☆ 难点，语法填空 / 倒装考点） 1. 比较状语从句的省略 规则：than/as 引导的比较从句，重复成分可省略。 例句：She runs faster than (she) did before. 她跑得比以前快了。 2. 虚拟条件句：省略 if + 倒装（高考难点） 规则：if 引导的虚拟语气，可省略 if，将 were/had/should 提前倒装。 原句：If I had known the truth, I would have told you. 省略倒装：Had I known the truth, I would have told you. 如果我当时知道真相，就告诉你了。 3. 固定短语省略 例句：(It is) Not at all. 不客气。 七．单元写作 建议信（健康问题） 建议信是向别人提出合理性的建议，以便使对方接受自己的想法、主张，解决有关问题，因此要求建议信要写得简明扼要，目的明确，理由充足，具有合理性和说服力。 [基本框架] 1. 写作背景和目的； 2. 具体的建议和合理的方法或原因； 3. 希望被采纳或希望现状变好。 [常用话题词块] 1．build up one’s strength/body强身健体 2．keep fit/healthy 保持健康 3．take an active part in physical exercise 积极参加体育锻炼 4．take regular exercise 经常锻炼 5．live/lead a normal school life 过正常的学校生活 6．take a positive attitude towards ... 对……采取积极的态度 7．have enough sleep 拥有充足的睡眠 8．physical and mental health 身心健康 9．in good health 身体好 10. be beneficial to ... 对……有益 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1. I’m sorry to hear that you have trouble doing...at the moment. 2. I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to... 3. It is my pleasure to offer you some advice on… 4. Knowing that you have trouble doing…, I’m writing to give you some suggestions to deal with it. ★正文佳句 1.The reasons can be listed as follows. For one thing…For another… 2.Perhaps the main/primary/most important reason is… 3.This problem may result from/ be largely due to/... 4.What has contributed to this problem? In the first place… In the second place… ★余味结尾 1.When it comes to such a situation, I would like to suggest that you should do… 2.I’d like to suggest/advise that … should do… 3.You’d better do/not do... 4.I think it would be more beneficial if you could… 5. By doing this... 6.Only in this way can you... 7.You may/might as well do.... 【通用模板】 Knowing that you are deeply concerned about…, I’m writing to give you some useful suggestions. Maybe the most likely cause of...is ... As for it, here are my detailed suggestions. First and foremost, ... In addition, … (Moreover, …) Last but not least, … To sum up, I sincerely hope that you can take my suggestions into serious account. Best wishes! 假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Lily在她的微博中说她为了减肥吃减肥药，而且经常不吃饭，导致身体变得很虚弱，状态很不佳。请你在她的微博上用英文给她留言，内容包括： （1）对她的现状表示担心； （2）分析身体变得虚弱的原因； （3）提出一些健康的减肥方法，如慢跑等。 Unit 4 Life and Technology 一、核心单词 1. immediately [ɪˈmiːdiətli] adv. ________________ 2. flexible [ˈfleksɪbl] adj. ________________ 3. impressive [ɪmˈpresɪv] adj. ________________ 4. mature [məˈtʃʊə] adj. ________________ 5. enthusiastic [ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk] adj. ________________ 6. emotional [ɪˈməʊʃənəl] adj. ________________ 7. enthusiasm [ɪnˈθjuːziæzəm] n. ________________ 8. frustrated [frʌˈstreɪtɪd] adj. ________________ 9. mutual [ˈmjuːtʃuəl] adj. ________________ 10. constantly [ˈkɒnstəntli] adv. ________________ 11. eventually [ɪˈventʃuəli] adv. ________________ 12. attractive [əˈtræktɪv] adj. ________________ 13. artificial [ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃəl] adj. ________________ 14. intelligence [ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns] n. ________________ 15. advanced [ədˈvɑːnst] adj. ________________ 16. technique [tekˈniːk] n. ________________ 17. delay [dɪˈleɪ] n./v. ________________ 18. effect [ɪˈfekt] n. ________________ 19. apply [əˈplaɪ] v. ________________ 20. upset [ʌpˈset] v. ________________ 二、单词拓展 1. ________________ [ɪˈmiːdiətli] adv. 立即；马上；即刻 → ________________ [ɪˈmiːdiət] adj. 立刻的；直接的 2. ________________ [ˈpɒlɪʃt] adj. 磨光的；擦亮的 → ________________ [ˈpɒlɪʃ] v. 擦亮；抛光 n. 光泽 3. ________________ [stretʃ] v. 拉长；拽宽 → ________________ [ˈstretʃi] adj. 有弹性的；可伸展的 4. ________________ [ˈfleksɪbl] adj. 可弯曲的；有弹性的；灵活的 → ________________ [fleks] v. 弯曲；活动 → ________________ [ˌfleksəˈbɪləti] n. 灵活性 5. ________________ [ɪmˈpresɪv] adj. 令人赞叹的；令人敬佩的 → ________________ [ɪmˈpres] v. 使印象深刻 → ________________ [ɪmˈpreʃn] n. 印象 6. ________________ [dɪˈmɑːndɪŋ] adj. 要求极严的；苛求的 → ________________ [dɪˈmɑːnd] v./n. 要求；需求 7. ________________ [məˈtʃʊə] adj. 成熟的；发育完全的 → ________________ [məˈtʃʊə] v. 成熟 → ________________ [məˈtʃʊərəti] n. 成熟 8. ________________ [ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk] adj. 热情的；热心的 → ________________ [ɪnˈθjuːziæzəm] n. 热心；热忱 9. ________________ [ɪˈməʊʃənəl] adj. 情绪激动的；感情冲动的 → ________________ [ɪˈməʊʃn] n. 情绪；情感 10. ________________ [frʌˈstreɪtɪd] adj. 懊丧的；沮丧的 → ________________ [frʌˈstreɪt] v. 使沮丧；阻挠 → ________________ [frʌˈstreɪʃn] n. 沮丧；挫折 11. ________________ [dɪˈlaɪt] v. 使愉快 n. 高兴；快乐 → ________________ [dɪˈlaɪtfl] adj. 令人愉快的 12. ________________ [ˈkɒnstəntli] adv. 一直；重复不断地 → ________________ [ˈkɒnstənt] adj. 持续的；不断的 13. ________________ [ˈdɪsɪplɪn] v. 训练；训导 n. 纪律 → ________________ [ˈdɪsəplɪnəri] adj. 纪律的；管教的 14. ________________ [ˌɪntərˈæktɪv] adj. 交互式的；互动的 → ________________ [ˌɪntərˈækt] v. 互动；交流 → ________________ [ˌɪntərˈækʃn] n. 互动；交往 15. ________________ [əˈtræktɪv] adj. 有吸引力的；诱人的 → ________________ [əˈtrækt] v. 吸引 → ________________ [əˈtrækʃn] n. 吸引力 16. ________________ [ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns] n. 智力；才智 → ________________ [ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt] adj. 有才智的；聪明的 17. ________________ [ɪnˈstrʌkt] v. 指示；命令；吩咐 → ________________ [ɪnˈstrʌkʃn] n. 指示；说明书 → ________________ [ɪnˈstrʌktɪv] adj. 有启发性的 18. ________________ [ədˈvɑːnst] adj. 先进的 → ________________ [ədˈvɑːns] v./n. 前进；进步 19. ________________ [ɪˈfekt] n. 效应；影响；结果 → ________________ [əˈfekt] v. 影响 → ________________ [ɪˈfektɪv] adj. 有效的 20. ________________ [ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd] adj. 有资格（做）… → ________________ [ˈkwɒlɪfaɪ] v. （使）具备资格 → ________________ [ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] n. 资格；资质 三、常考单词 1.flexible [ˈfleksɪbl] adj. 可弯曲的；有弹性的；灵活的 背重点 背写作佳句 flexible arrangement 灵活安排 flexible time 弹性时间 ①应用文：We will make a flexible plan to suit different needs. 我们会制定灵活的方案来满足不同需求。 ②读后续写：She was flexible enough to deal with all unexpected changes. 她处事灵活，能够应对所有突发状况 2.immediately [ɪˈmiːdiətli] adv. 立即；马上；即刻 背重点 背写作佳句 reply immediately 立即回复；immediately after 紧接着 ①应用文：Please let me know immediately if you have any trouble. 如果你遇到麻烦，请立刻告知我。 ②读后续写：Hearing the cry for help, he ran over immediately. 听到呼救声，他立刻跑了过去。 3. enthusiastic [ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk] adj. 热情的；热心的 背重点 背写作佳句 be enthusiastic about 对…… 充满热情 ①应用文：All students are enthusiastic about this school activity. 全体同学都对这次校园活动满怀热情。 ②读后续写：The kind girl was always enthusiastic to help others. 这个善良的女孩总是热心助人。 4. constantly [ˈkɒnstəntli] adv. 不断地；始终 背重点 背写作佳句 make progress constantly 不断进步 ①应用文：We need to learn new knowledge constantly. 我们需要不断学习新知识。 ②读后续写：He looked around constantly, hoping to find his parents. 他不停四处张望，希望能找到父母。 四．单元短语 1. ________________ 光滑的；光亮的 2. ________________ 以…为乐 3. ________________ 推迟做某事 4. ________________ 生效 5. ________________ 有资格（做）… 6. ________________ 有资格担任 7. ________________ 虚拟现实 五．单元佳句 1._________作形式主语 _________how flexible and natural his movements were. 他的动作灵动自然，着实令人赞叹。 2. 介词_________作方式状语 _________ his built-in camera to my computer screen, I could view the world through his eyes. 我将它内置的摄像头连接到电脑屏幕上，便能透过它的视角观察这个世界。 3.情态动词+_________结构 This robot dog may _________ as a technological work of art. 这款机器狗作为一件科技艺术品，想必早已大获成功。 4._________引导的主语从句和一个that引导的表语从句 _________ makes long-distance surgery attractive is that leading specialists can help with operations without being present in the operating room. 远程手术的魅力在于，顶尖医学专家无需亲临手术室，就能协助开展手术。 5.不定式作目的状语 _________, Guo and his team studied a 3D model of the patient’s heart, put together by artificial intelligence using medical images. 为筹备这场手术，郭医生及其团队研究了患者心脏的三维模型。该模型由人工智能结合医学影像搭建而成。 六．单元语法 情态动词完成时 + 情态动词特殊用法 一、情态动词的完成时 统一结构：情态动词 + have + 过去分词 核心用法：专门用来描述过去发生的动作/状态，表推测、遗憾、责备、惋惜、本可做/不必做等语气。 1. must have done 规则：对过去情况十分肯定的推测，译为“一定、准是做了某事”；只用于肯定句。 例句：The light is off. He must have left home. 灯灭了，他肯定已经出门了。 2. can't / couldn't have done 规则：对过去情况否定推测，译为“过去不可能做了某事”；是 must have done 的否定形式。 例句：She can't have finished the work so soon. 她不可能这么快就完成了工作。 3. can / could have done 规则：① 疑问句中表对过去的可能性推测；② 虚拟语气：本可以做，实际没做，含惋惜。 例句：You could have asked me for help. 你当时本可以向我求助的。（实际没求助） 4. may / might have done 规则：对过去把握不大的推测，译为“也许、或许做了某事”；`might` 推测语气比 `may` 更弱。 例句：They may have missed the train. 他们或许没赶上火车。 5. should / ought to have done 规则：本应该做某事，实际并未做，带有遗憾、委婉责备的语气，二者用法完全通用。 例句：You should have told me the truth earlier. 你本该早点告诉我真相的。 6. shouldn't / ought not to have done 规则：本不该做某事，结果却做了，侧重批评、后悔。 例句：You shouldn't have spoken to your teacher like that. 你当初不该那样和老师说话。 7. needn't have done 规则：本不必做某事，结果却做了，强调白费力气、多此一举。 例句：You needn't have waited for me. 你其实没必要等我的。（已经等了） 易混补充（必考辨析） didn't need to do：当时没必要做，实际也没做 例句：I didn't need to get up early yesterday. 我昨天不用早起。（也没有早起） 8. would have done 规则：多用于过去虚拟条件句，表示“本来会做，实际没能做”。 例句：If I had known your address, I would have visited you. 要是我当时知道你的地址，我就去拜访你了。 二、情态动词的特殊用法 讲解高频特殊语义、固定句型、句式规则，突破常规“能够/必须/愿意”基础含义。 （一）can 的特殊用法 1. can 表“偶尔、有时会”（反常/临时习性） 规则：肯定句中，描述人或事物偶然出现的状态、习性，区别于一般现在时的常态。 例句：Cities can be very quiet at night. 城市在夜晚有时会格外安静。 2. can't ... too / can't ... enough 固定句型 规则：经典写作句型，译为“再……也不为过；越……越好”。 例句：You can't be too careful while driving. 开车时再怎么小心也不为过。 3. can't help 两组易混搭配 can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事 例句：He can't help laughing at the joke. 听到这个笑话，他忍不住笑了。 can't help (to) do sth. 不能帮忙做某事 例句：I'm busy and can't help clean the room. 我很忙，没法帮忙打扫房间。 （二）could 的特殊用法 could 表委婉请求（非过去时态） 规则：`could` 用作现在时，比 `can` 语气更客气、委婉，不表示过去。 例句：Could you lend me your dictionary? 可以借我用一下你的词典吗？ （三）may 的特殊用法 1. May + 主语 + 动词原形（倒装表祝愿） 规则：正式书面用法，专门表达祝福。 例句：May you succeed in the exam! 祝你考试顺利！ 2. may as well do sth. 规则：固定搭配，译为“不妨、倒不如做某事”。 例句：We may as well stay here for a rest. 我们不妨留在这儿休息一会儿。 （四）must 的特殊用法 1. must 表“偏偏、执意”（带不满/无奈情绪） 规则：不表“必须”，描述某人非要做某事，暗含情绪。 例句：Why must you make noise when others are studying? 别人学习的时候，你为什么偏偏要吵闹？ 2. mustn't 表“明令禁止” 规则：语气强硬，译为“不准、禁止”。 例句：You mustn't run in the hallway. 禁止在走廊里奔跑。 （五）shall 的特殊用法（高考核心考点） 1. 用于一、三人称疑问句：征求意见 规则：向对方征询建议、安排。 例句：Shall we start our class now? 我们现在开始上课好吗？ 2. 用于二、三人称陈述句：命令/警告/允诺/规定 规则：主语为 you/he/they 等，表说话人的权威、要求、承诺或警告。 例句：Every student shall obey the rules. 所有学生都必须遵守规章制度。 （六）will / would 的特殊用法 1. will 表意愿、习惯性倾向（现在） 规则：表主语乐意做某事，或事物固有的倾向、常态。 例句：She will always offer help to others. 她总是乐于帮助别人。 2. would 表过去习惯性动作 规则：描述过去反复发生的动作，只接动作动词。 例句：He would go fishing on Sundays when he was young. 他年少时，周日常会去钓鱼。 （七）dare / need 作情态动词 规则：作情态动词时，无人称、数的变化，后直接加动词原形；否定直接加 not。 例句：The little girl dare not walk alone in the dark. 这个小女孩不敢独自走夜路。 > 对比实义动词：dare/need to do（有人称变化） > 例：She doesn't dare to walk alone. （八）had better (not) do sth. 规则：固定情态短语，译为“最好（不）做某事”，后接动词原形。 例句：You had better not stay up late. 你最好不要熬夜。 （九）used to do（高频易混） 规则：表示过去常常做某事/处于某种状态，现在已经不再这样。 例句：I used to get up late. 我以前常常起得很晚。（现在不晚起了） 速记小结 1. 情态动词+have done：全针对过去，must 肯定推测，can't 否定推测；should/needn't 侧重“本应/本不必”。 2. shall 是重难点：一问意见，二/三人称表命令、规定。 3. used to / would 都表过去习惯，used to 可接状态，would 只接动作。 4. 固定句型：can't...too（再…也不为过）、may as well（不妨）、May you...（祝愿）。 七．单元写作 comparison and contrast 比较（comparison）主要是指出两个或两个以上不同种类的共同点或相似点（similarities），如人物、事物、地点、思想、观点等。对照（contrast）主要是指它们的不同点（difference）。在英语写作中，比较和对照往往同时使用。写作时，首先应考虑要比较和对照的两个或两个以上的事物，然后列一个表，发现这些事物的最主要特征，相同的或类似的特征可以比较，不同的特征可以组成对照。 [基本框架] 1.表明一方或双方的观点及理由; 2.表明另一方的观点及理由，或指出双方观点不足之处及理由; 3.表明个人态度或阐述个人做法。 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1. 表明观点：When it comes to _________,different people hold different views. 2. 展示观点：Some contend that ________.For one thing,________.For another,_________.In spite of all these claims,others maintain that _________.They point out that _________.Another instance often cited is that ________. 3. 个人观点：It’sno easy task to find a satisfactory answer to the issue.As for me,there’s some truth to both arguments.It’s advisable to ________. ★正文佳句 1.However, … of the students think… On the other hand, …of the students think… However, others have different opinions. But …of the students think… Others argue that …In their opinion,… ★余味结尾 1.In short, no agreement has been reached yet. 2.So far, no agreement has been reached. 3.In short, the students have not arrived at any agreement yet. 【通用模板】 We had a heated discussion about/on ...…. Students’ views/ideas/opinions on it vary/differ from person to person. Some students say / think / believe that… However, others hold the view that…… As far as I am concerned, I am in favor of the first/second view./ I would like to ….The reasons are as follows. Firstly, …… Secondly,…… In conclusion / In a word ,…… My View on Studying Abroad 一、单词拼写。根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1. We hold a dance every year to raise money for ________ (慈善事业). 2. In a word, the 90s generation are facing more ________(挑战) as well as opportunities than other generations. 3. Recently we had a discussion about whether an entrance fee should be ________(收费) for parks. 4. Nowadays, ________ (慢跑) is regarded as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. 5. Facing the serious situation, the hospital has set up medical tents to avoid cross ________(感染) among patients. 6. On ________(平均), they burned slightly more calories during exercise. 7. There is no doubt that it is important to keep_____ of(跟踪) children’s use of social media. 8. Johnson referred to the discovery as a________(主要的) breakthrough in medical science. 9. The conference is going to be a lot of________(额外的)work. 10. The ________ (源头) of a river is the spring at which it begins. 11. It has been ________ (确认) that the meeting will take place next week. 12. If you go to university and play music at the same time, you will have two ________ (选择，可选择的东西) for your future. 13. Doctors have advised us to________ (减少) the amount of fat in our diets. 14. He finds it ________(有益的) to spend half an hour reading English newspapers every day. 15. The president came to________ (权力) last week. 16．She often ________ (抱怨) about not feeling appreciated at work. 17．What was so_________(印象深刻的) about Jasmine’s victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed. 18．Health includes physical health and ________ (精神的) health. 19．Our plan needs to be ________ (灵活的) enough to meet the need of everybody. 20．I have always been ________(吸引) by the idea of working abroad. 21．They also seem to be ________ (热情的) and willing to become leaders. 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. The experiments of the researchers are on the _________ (base) of a series of facts. 2. The Southwest University provides a variety of ________(major), ranging from education to psychology, for students to choose from. 3. Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical __________ (fit). 4. With each space mission________ (come) greater insight, thus ________ (motivate) us to continue along the same path of adventure. 5. Wearing a mask appropriately can help to reduce the risk of ________ (infect) of COVID-19. 6. Thanks to his teacher’s help, Tom’s English ________ greatly in the past few years. (improve) 7. I have no difficulty_______(deal)with such a hard situation. 8. With all the evidence ________ (confirm), the hunter who shot the rare animal to death was caught. 9. People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans (寿命), lower rates of_________(depress) and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. 10. He has the ability________(deal)with any aggressive behaviour. 11. ___________(suffer)from poor eyesight, he could no longer read properly. 12. His attention ________(attract) by her smile. 13. Fishing is a hobby which calls for a great deal of ________ (patient), which I don’t have. 14. Despite the rapid development of AI, I think man is still far_________(intelligent) than the cleverest robot. 15. When I said someone was foolish, I wasn’t ________ (refer) to you. 16. In ________ (respond) to the features above, the following measures have been taken in system design. 17. However, to succeed in life, one should set a goal and then _________(gradual) make it more practical. 18. My phone is never out of touching, so I’m_________(constant) posting updates. 19. The old man found the computer was hard____________ (operate). 20. _________(locate) in the center of Beijing, Tiananmen was once _________(serious) damaged by war at the end of the Ming Dynasty. 21. Though born in a poor family, he is blessed with both good looks and _________(intelligent). 22. She arrived at 10 o’clock as ___________(instruct). 三、翻译句子。 1．这位性格外向的房地产经纪人不喜欢保持低调，因此，他总是在社交媒体上更新状态。(profile) 2．当面对艰难的挑战时，我通常认为它是值得一试的。(be worth doing) 3．出席开幕典礼的嘉宾都愿意捐钱给这个新成立的慈善组织。(present) 4．他很少想到要降低压力，因为他认为压力对他有益。(beneficial) 5．无论经受了怎样的磨难，他也从未丧失对生活的信心。(faith) 6．此外，焦虑和担心会导致疾病。(lead to) 7．老师要求我们听英语广播节目来提高听力水平。(demand that...) 8．只有当你把所学的东西应用到实践中，你才能说你成功了。(only位于句首引起倒装；apply...to...) 9．让他高兴的是，这些杰作成功地激发了孩子们的爱国情感。(inspire; delight) 10我老师建议我选修高级文学，因为我喜欢英语，而且我很擅长它。(recommend that sb. (should) do sth.) 11．她花了好长时间从心脏手术中恢复过来。(it做形式主语，recover) 12．尽管饥寒交迫，年老体弱，但他还是在社会关爱下挺过了这样一场全球性灾难。(survive) $专题02 必修第三册Unit3~Unit4单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 3 Healthy Lifestyle 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. charge [tʃɑːdʒ] n./v. 主管；掌管；要价；收费 2. source [sɔːs] n. 来源；出处 3. extra [ˈekstrə] adj. 额外的；附加的 4. routine [ruːˈtiːn] adj. 日常的；常规的；例行公事的；n. 惯例；常规 5. rate [reɪt] n. 比率；率 6. basis [ˈbeɪsɪs] n. 基准；原因；缘由 7. fitness [ˈfɪtnəs] n. 健康 8. track [træk] n. 路径，路线；v. 跟踪；追踪 9. challenge [ˈtʃælɪndʒ] v./n. 挑战 10. motivate [ˈməʊtɪveɪt] v. 激发 11. classic [ˈklæsɪk] adj. 有代表性的；典型的；n. 经典 12. beneficial [ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl] adj. 有帮助的；有用的 13. lower [ˈləʊə] v. 放低；使……降下 14. pressure [ˈpreʃə] n. 压力；压强 15. reduce [rɪˈdjuːs] v. 减少，缩小 16. extreme [ɪkˈstriːm] adj. 极度的；极大的 17. suffer [ˈsʌfə] v. 遭受；蒙受 18. option [ˈɒpʃn] n. 可选择的事物；选择 19. confirm [kənˈfɜːm] v. 证实，确认 20. power [ˈpaʊə] v. 驱动，推动；n. 影响力；操纵力 21. symptom [ˈsɪmptəm] n. 症状 22. oral [ˈɔːrəl] adj. 用口的；口腔的 23. overall [ˌəʊvərˈɔːl] adj. 全面的；综合的；总体的 24. major [ˈmeɪdʒə] adj. 主要的；重要的 二、单词拓展 1. basis [ˈbeɪsɪs] n. 基准；原因；缘由 → base n./v. 基础；以……为基地 → basic adj. 基础的 → basically adv. 基本上 2. fitness [ˈfɪtnəs] n. 健康 → fit adj. 健康的；合适的 → fit v. 适合；合身 3. challenge [ˈtʃælɪndʒ] v./n. 挑战 → challenging adj. 有挑战性的 4. motivate [ˈməʊtɪveɪt] v. 激发 → motivation n. 动力；积极性 → motivated adj. 有积极性的 5. beneficial [ˌbenɪˈfɪʃəl] adj. 有帮助的；有用的 → benefit v./n. 有益于；益处 6. pressure [ˈpreʃə] n. 压力；压强 → press v./n. 按压；逼迫 7. reduce [rɪˈdjuːs] v. 减少，缩小 → reduction n. 减少；缩减 8. extreme [ɪkˈstriːm] adj. 极度的；极大的 → extremely adv. 极其；非常 9. suffer [ˈsʌfə] v. 遭受；蒙受 → suffering n./adj. 痛苦（的）；苦难 10. option [ˈɒpʃən] n. 可选择的事物；选择 → opt v. 选择 → optional adj. 可选择的；选修的 11. confirm [kənˈfɜːm] v. 证实，确认 → confirmation n. 确认；证实 12. power [ˈpaʊə] v. 驱动，推动；n. 影响力；操纵力 → powerful adj. 强大的；有力的 13. major [ˈmeɪdʒə] adj. 主要的；重要的 → majority n. 大多数 14. expectancy [ɪkˈspektənsi] n. 预料；预期 → expect v. 期待；预料 → unexpected adj. 意外的；想不到的 15. irritable [ˈɪrɪtəbl] adj. 易怒的；暴躁的 → irritate v. 使恼怒；激怒 → irritation n. 恼怒；烦躁 三、常考单词 1.charge [tʃɑːdʒ] n./v. 主管；掌管；要价；收费 背重点 背写作佳句 in charge of 负责；掌管 take charge 接管；主持 free of charge 免费 charge sb. for sth. 向某人收取某物费用 ①Our club will be in charge of organizing the sports meeting, and all activities are provided free of charge. 我们社团将负责组织本次运动会，所有活动均免费参与。 ②Seeing no one to turn to, the young man decided to take charge and solve the problem on his own. 眼看无人可以求助，这个年轻人决定亲自接手，独立解决问题。 2.basis [ˈbeɪsɪs] n. 基准；原因；缘由 背重点 背写作佳句 on the basis of 以…… 为基础 on a regular basis 定期地；经常 ①We make this plan on the basis of students' real needs and daily study situation. 我们结合学生的实际需求与日常学习情况制定了这份计划。 ②He judged everything on the basis of his own experience, which finally led to a big mistake. 他仅凭个人经验判断一切，最终酿成了大错。 3..challenge [ˈtʃælɪndʒ] v./n. 挑战 背重点 背写作佳句 face challenges 面对挑战 meet the challenge 迎接挑战 challenge sb. to do sth. 挑战某人做某事 ①We should be brave enough to face all kinds of challenges in our study and life. 我们要勇敢面对学习和生活中的各种挑战。 ②Though the task was tough, she made up her mind to meet the challenge without hesitation. 尽管任务艰巨，她还是下定决心毫不犹豫地迎接挑战。 4.motivate [ˈməʊtɪveɪt] v. 激发；激励 背重点 背写作佳句 motivate sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 be motivated by 受…… 鼓舞 ①Teachers' encouragement can greatly motivate us to make greater progress. 老师的鼓励能极大激励我们取得更大进步。 ②His sincere words motivated me to pick up courage and keep moving forward. 他真挚的话语鼓舞我重拾勇气，继续前行。 5. beneficial [ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl] adj. 有帮助的；有益的 背重点 背写作佳句 be beneficial to sb./sth. 对…… 有益 ①Reading more books is extremely beneficial to teenagers' mental development. 多读书对青少年的心智发展大有裨益。 ②The quiet time alone was beneficial to him, helping him calm down and think clearly. 独处的时光对他很有帮助，让他冷静下来、理清思绪。 6.pressure [ˈpreʃə] n. 压力；压强 背重点 背写作佳句 under pressure 在压力之下 relieve pressure 缓解压力 mental pressure 精神压力 ①Proper exercise is an effective way to relieve study pressure. 适度运动是缓解学习压力的有效方式。 ②Under great pressure, she felt upset and didn't know what to do next. 身处巨大压力之下，她心烦意乱，不知下一步该如何是好。 四．单元短语 1. in charge 负责，主管；在…看管下 2. in charge of 负责；主管 3. charge of 负责；管理 4. free of charge 免费 5. take charge 掌管，负责；主持；不受控制 6. charge for 索价，要价；为…收费 7. take charge of 接管，负责 8. routine work 日常工作；常规作业 9. daily routine 日常生活；日常工作 10. on the basis of 以…为基础 11. physical fitness 身体健康 12. fitness center 健身中心；健身房 13. fitness club 健身俱乐部 14. motivate sb to do sth. 激励某人去做某事 15. be beneficial to… 对…有利 16. suffer from 遭受 ; 患病 17. suffer great losses 损失惨重 18. keep track of 了解…的动向 19. lose track of 不了解…的进展 20. on track 步入正轨 21. be reduced to (doing) 使变成; 沦落 五．单元佳句 1.as引导时间状语从句 As you get older, you’re able to start making your own decisions about a lot of things that matters most to you. 随着年龄的增长，你能开始为许多对你而言最重要的事做出自己的决定。 2.not...as...as结构 Both sleep and exercise are important to your health, but getting an extra hour in addition to a full night’s sleep is not going to be as beneficial as a morning workout. 睡眠和锻炼都对健康很重要，但在保证整晚睡眠的前提下，额外睡眠反而不如晨练的好处多。 3.not only...but also... Good brushing twice a day by hand or by electric toothbrush is one of the most important ways to encourage not only good oral health but also your overall health. 每天手动或用电动牙刷正确刷牙是一种重要的方式，不仅有助于口腔健康，而且对全身健康都有利。 六．单元语法 省略 【提前感知】 If possible, discuss what kind of first aid you should give in these situations. Turn white when pressed. Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. 为了避免重复，将句子中的一个或几个成分省去，这种语法现象叫省略。省略是避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段。英语中的省略有下列几种情况。 一、状语从句的省略（★★★★★ 最高频考点） 当状语从句的主语 = 主句主语，且从句中含有 be 动词 时，可直接省略从句的主语 + be 动词。 前提缺一不可：主语一致 + 从句有 be 动词 1. 时间状语从句（when/while/as/before/after/since） 规则：满足总规则，省略主 + be，常变为 when/while + doing/done 例句：While (he was) reading, he fell asleep. 他看书的时候睡着了。 易错提醒：主从句主语不一致时，绝对不能省略。 反例（错误）：When I opened the door, was dark.（主语不同，不可省） 2. 条件状语从句（if/unless/once） 规则：同上，常考 if + done 结构 例句：If (you are) invited, you should go on time. 如果受到邀请，你应该准时到场。 3. 让步状语从句（though/although/even if） 规则：让步从句符合条件即可省略 例句：Though (she was) exhausted, she kept working. 尽管筋疲力尽，她仍继续工作。 4. 方式状语从句（as if/as though） 例句：He stood there as if (he was) frozen. 他站在那里，仿佛冻僵了一般。 5. 地点状语从句（where/wherever） 例句：Where (it is) necessary, you can take notes. 必要的地方你可以做笔记。 二、不定式的省略（★★★★☆ 单选、改错必考） 分两大考点：省略 to 和 保留 to、省略后面动词，是高考最易丢分点。 1. 感官 / 使役动词后：省略不定式符号 to 口诀：一感 (feel)、二听 (hear, listen to)、三让 (let, make, have)、四看 (see, watch, notice, look at)、半帮助 (help) 规则：主动语态中，上述动词后接不定式作宾补，省略 to。 例句：I saw him enter the library.（原结构：saw him to enter） 我看见他走进了图书馆。 关键易错（改错常客）：被动语态必须加 to 例句：He was seen to enter the library. 有人看见他走进了图书馆。 2. 避免重复：省略不定式实义动词，只保留 to 规则：上文已出现过某个动词，下文 want/hope/plan/refuse/would like 等词后，只留 to，省略后面动词。 例句： — Would you like to join us? — I’d love to.（省略 join us，不可直接说 I’d love） — 你想加入我们吗？— 我很乐意。 3. 特殊情况：不定式为 be/have 时，be/have 不能省 例句 1：— Are you a student? — I used to be.（保留 be，不可省略） — 你是学生吗？— 我以前是。 例句 2：He didn’t finish the work, but he ought to have.（保留 have） 他没完成工作，但他本应该完成的。 三、并列句中的省略（★★★☆☆ and/but/or/so 连接） 规则：并列连词连接两个分句时，后一分句与前一分句重复的主语、谓语、表语均可省略。 1. 省略重复主语 例句：He got up early and (he) caught the early bus. 他起得很早，赶上了早班车。 2. 省略重复谓语 例句：Some like singing, others (like) dancing. 有的人喜欢唱歌，有的人喜欢跳舞。 3. 省略重复表语 例句：The boy is young but (he is) wise. 这个男孩年纪小，但很聪慧。 4. or 选择句省略 例句：You can stay here or (you can) leave now. 你可以留在这里，也可以现在离开。 四、定语从句中的省略（★★★☆☆ 语法填空 / 定语从句考点） 核心规则：限制性定语从句中，关系代词 that/which/whom 在从句中作宾语时，可以省略；作主语绝对不能省。 1. 关系代词作宾语 → 可省略 例句：This is the pen (that/which) I bought yesterday. 这就是我昨天买的那支笔。（that/which 作 bought 宾语，省略） 2. 关系代词作主语 → 不可省略（必考点） 例句：The girl who is standing there is my classmate. 站在那儿的女孩是我的同学。（who 作主语，不能省） 3. 介词提前时：关系代词不可省略、不能用 that 例句：The man with whom you talked is my teacher. 和你聊天的那位男士是我的老师。（whom 不能省略，不能换成 that） 五、简单句 / 口语交际中的省略（★★★☆☆ 情景对话、基础句式） 多用于日常口语、祈使句，省略主语、谓语等。 1. 祈使句：省略主语 you 例句：(You) Open the door, please. 请开门。 2. 省略主语 + 系动词（常用寒暄语） 例句：(It is) Glad to meet you. 很高兴见到你。 3. 省略主语（口语短句） 例句：(I) Beg your pardon. 请再说一遍。 4. 省略宾语 例句：— Who broke the window? — Tom (broke it). — 谁打碎了窗户？— 汤姆。 六、特殊句式中的省略（★★☆☆☆ 难点，语法填空 / 倒装考点） 1. 比较状语从句的省略 规则：than/as 引导的比较从句，重复成分可省略。 例句：She runs faster than (she) did before. 她跑得比以前快了。 2. 虚拟条件句：省略 if + 倒装（高考难点） 规则：if 引导的虚拟语气，可省略 if，将 were/had/should 提前倒装。 原句：If I had known the truth, I would have told you. 省略倒装：Had I known the truth, I would have told you. 如果我当时知道真相，就告诉你了。 3. 固定短语省略 例句：(It is) Not at all. 不客气。 七．单元写作 建议信（健康问题） 建议信是向别人提出合理性的建议，以便使对方接受自己的想法、主张，解决有关问题，因此要求建议信要写得简明扼要，目的明确，理由充足，具有合理性和说服力。 [基本框架] 1. 写作背景和目的； 2. 具体的建议和合理的方法或原因； 3. 希望被采纳或希望现状变好。 [常用话题词块] 1．build up one’s strength/body强身健体 2．keep fit/healthy 保持健康 3．take an active part in physical exercise 积极参加体育锻炼 4．take regular exercise 经常锻炼 5．live/lead a normal school life 过正常的学校生活 6．take a positive attitude towards ... 对……采取积极的态度 7．have enough sleep 拥有充足的睡眠 8．physical and mental health 身心健康 9．in good health 身体好 10. be beneficial to ... 对……有益 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1. I’m sorry to hear that you have trouble doing...at the moment. 2. I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to... 3. It is my pleasure to offer you some advice on… 4. Knowing that you have trouble doing…, I’m writing to give you some suggestions to deal with it. ★正文佳句 1.The reasons can be listed as follows. For one thing…For another… 2.Perhaps the main/primary/most important reason is… 3.This problem may result from/ be largely due to/... 4.What has contributed to this problem? In the first place… In the second place… ★余味结尾 1.When it comes to such a situation, I would like to suggest that you should do… 2.I’d like to suggest/advise that … should do… 3.You’d better do/not do... 4.I think it would be more beneficial if you could… 5. By doing this... 6.Only in this way can you... 7.You may/might as well do.... 【通用模板】 Knowing that you are deeply concerned about…, I’m writing to give you some useful suggestions. Maybe the most likely cause of...is ... As for it, here are my detailed suggestions. First and foremost, ... In addition, … (Moreover, …) Last but not least, … To sum up, I sincerely hope that you can take my suggestions into serious account. Best wishes! 假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Lily在她的微博中说她为了减肥吃减肥药，而且经常不吃饭，导致身体变得很虚弱，状态很不佳。请你在她的微博上用英文给她留言，内容包括： （1）对她的现状表示担心； （2）分析身体变得虚弱的原因； （3）提出一些健康的减肥方法，如慢跑等。 Dear Lily, I’m sorry to learn that you are upset about being overweight recently. Here’re some tips for you. In my opinion, you should stop taking weight-loss pills in no time because they’ll attack the function of your immune system within your body. Many sorts of ways to keep fit can be satisfying. For example, jogging and gym are considered as effective and healthy ways to become slim. As for diet, you’d better get a proper recipe for it. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours, LiHua Unit 4 Life and Technology 一、核心单词 1. immediately [ɪˈmiːdiətli] adv. 立即；马上；即刻 2. flexible [ˈfleksɪbl] adj. 可弯曲的；有弹性的；灵活的 3. impressive [ɪmˈpresɪv] adj. 令人赞叹的；令人敬佩的 4. mature [məˈtʃʊə] adj. 成熟的；发育完全的 5. enthusiastic [ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk] adj. 热情的；热心的 6. emotional [ɪˈməʊʃənəl] adj. 情绪激动的；感情冲动的 7. enthusiasm [ɪnˈθjuːziæzəm] n. 热心；热忱 8. frustrated [frʌˈstreɪtɪd] adj. 懊丧的；沮丧的 9. mutual [ˈmjuːtʃuəl] adj. 相互的；彼此的 10. constantly [ˈkɒnstəntli] adv. 一直；重复不断地 11. eventually [ɪˈventʃuəli] adv. 最后；终于 12. attractive [əˈtræktɪv] adj. 有吸引力的；诱人的 13. artificial [ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃəl] adj. 人工的；人造的；假的 14. intelligence [ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns] n. 智力；才智 15. advanced [ədˈvɑːnst] adj. 先进的 16. technique [tekˈniːk] n. 技巧；技艺；工艺 17. delay [dɪˈleɪ] n./v. 延迟 18. effect [ɪˈfekt] n. 效应；影响；结果 19. apply [əˈplaɪ] v. 申请；请求 20. upset [ʌpˈset] v. 使烦恼；使心烦意乱；使生气 二、单词拓展 1. immediately [ɪˈmiːdiətli] adv. 立即；马上；即刻 → immediate [ɪˈmiːdiət] adj. 立刻的；直接的 2. polished [ˈpɒlɪʃt] adj. 磨光的；擦亮的 → polish [ˈpɒlɪʃ] v. 擦亮；抛光 n. 光泽 3. stretch [stretʃ] v. 拉长；拽宽 → stretchy [ˈstretʃi] adj. 有弹性的；可伸展的 4. flexible [ˈfleksɪbl] adj. 可弯曲的；有弹性的；灵活的 → flex [fleks] v. 弯曲；活动 → flexibility [ˌfleksəˈbɪləti] n. 灵活性 5. impressive [ɪmˈpresɪv] adj. 令人赞叹的；令人敬佩的 → impress [ɪmˈpres] v. 使印象深刻 → impression [ɪmˈpreʃn] n. 印象 6. demanding [dɪˈmɑːndɪŋ] adj. 要求极严的；苛求的 → demand [dɪˈmɑːnd] v./n. 要求；需求 7. mature [məˈtʃʊə] adj. 成熟的；发育完全的 → mature [məˈtʃʊə] v. 成熟 → maturity [məˈtʃʊərəti] n. 成熟 8. enthusiastic [ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk] adj. 热情的；热心的 → enthusiasm [ɪnˈθjuːziæzəm] n. 热心；热忱 9. emotional [ɪˈməʊʃənəl] adj. 情绪激动的；感情冲动的 → emotion [ɪˈməʊʃn] n. 情绪；情感 10. frustrated [frʌˈstreɪtɪd] adj. 懊丧的；沮丧的 → frustrate [frʌˈstreɪt] v. 使沮丧；阻挠 → frustration [frʌˈstreɪʃn] n. 沮丧；挫折 11. delight [dɪˈlaɪt] v. 使愉快 n. 高兴；快乐 → delightful [dɪˈlaɪtfl] adj. 令人愉快的 12. constantly [ˈkɒnstəntli] adv. 一直；重复不断地 → constant [ˈkɒnstənt] adj. 持续的；不断的 13. discipline [ˈdɪsɪplɪn] v. 训练；训导 n. 纪律 → disciplinary [ˈdɪsəplɪnəri] adj. 纪律的；管教的 14. interactive [ˌɪntərˈæktɪv] adj. 交互式的；互动的 → interact [ˌɪntərˈækt] v. 互动；交流 → interaction [ˌɪntərˈækʃn] n. 互动；交往 15. attractive [əˈtræktɪv] adj. 有吸引力的；诱人的 → attract [əˈtrækt] v. 吸引 → attraction [əˈtrækʃn] n. 吸引力 16. intelligence [ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns] n. 智力；才智 → intelligent [ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt] adj. 有才智的；聪明的 17. instruct [ɪnˈstrʌkt] v. 指示；命令；吩咐 → instruction [ɪnˈstrʌkʃn] n. 指示；说明书 → instructive [ɪnˈstrʌktɪv] adj. 有启发性的 18. advanced [ədˈvɑːnst] adj. 先进的 → advance [ədˈvɑːns] v./n. 前进；进步 19. effect [ɪˈfekt] n. 效应；影响；结果 → affect [əˈfekt] v. 影响 → effective [ɪˈfektɪv] adj. 有效的 20. qualified [ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd] adj. 有资格（做）… → qualify [ˈkwɒlɪfaɪ] v. （使）具备资格 → qualification [ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] n. 资格；资质 三、常考单词 1.flexible [ˈfleksɪbl] adj. 可弯曲的；有弹性的；灵活的 背重点 背写作佳句 flexible arrangement 灵活安排 flexible time 弹性时间 ①应用文：We will make a flexible plan to suit different needs. 我们会制定灵活的方案来满足不同需求。 ②读后续写：She was flexible enough to deal with all unexpected changes. 她处事灵活，能够应对所有突发状况 2.immediately [ɪˈmiːdiətli] adv. 立即；马上；即刻 背重点 背写作佳句 reply immediately 立即回复；immediately after 紧接着 ①应用文：Please let me know immediately if you have any trouble. 如果你遇到麻烦，请立刻告知我。 ②读后续写：Hearing the cry for help, he ran over immediately. 听到呼救声，他立刻跑了过去。 3. enthusiastic [ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk] adj. 热情的；热心的 背重点 背写作佳句 be enthusiastic about 对…… 充满热情 ①应用文：All students are enthusiastic about this school activity. 全体同学都对这次校园活动满怀热情。 ②读后续写：The kind girl was always enthusiastic to help others. 这个善良的女孩总是热心助人。 4. constantly [ˈkɒnstəntli] adv. 不断地；始终 背重点 背写作佳句 make progress constantly 不断进步 ①应用文：We need to learn new knowledge constantly. 我们需要不断学习新知识。 ②读后续写：He looked around constantly, hoping to find his parents. 他不停四处张望，希望能找到父母。 四．单元短语 1. smooth and shiny光滑的；光亮的 2. take delight in 以…为乐 3. delay doing sth. 推迟做某事 4. takes effect生效 5. be qualitied for sth./doing sth. 有资格（做）… 6. be qualitied as…有资格担任 7.VR (virtual reality) 虚拟现实 五．单元佳句 1.it作形式主语 It was fascinating how flexible and natural his movements were. 他的动作灵动自然，着实令人赞叹。 2. 介词by作方式状语 By connecting his built-in camera to my computer screen, I could view the world through his eyes. 我将它内置的摄像头连接到电脑屏幕上，便能透过它的视角观察这个世界。 3.情态动词+have done结构 This robot dog may have been a huge success as a technological work of art. 这款机器狗作为一件科技艺术品，想必早已大获成功。 4.what引导的主语从句和一个that引导的表语从句 What makes long-distance surgery attractive is that leading specialists can help with operations without being present in the operating room. 远程手术的魅力在于，顶尖医学专家无需亲临手术室，就能协助开展手术。 5.不定式作目的状语 To prepare for the operation, Guo and his team studied a 3D model of the patient’s heart, put together by artificial intelligence using medical images. 为筹备这场手术，郭医生及其团队研究了患者心脏的三维模型。该模型由人工智能结合医学影像搭建而成。 六．单元语法 情态动词完成时 + 情态动词特殊用法 一、情态动词的完成时 统一结构：情态动词 + have + 过去分词 核心用法：专门用来描述过去发生的动作/状态，表推测、遗憾、责备、惋惜、本可做/不必做等语气。 1. must have done 规则：对过去情况十分肯定的推测，译为“一定、准是做了某事”；只用于肯定句。 例句：The light is off. He must have left home. 灯灭了，他肯定已经出门了。 2. can't / couldn't have done 规则：对过去情况否定推测，译为“过去不可能做了某事”；是 must have done 的否定形式。 例句：She can't have finished the work so soon. 她不可能这么快就完成了工作。 3. can / could have done 规则：① 疑问句中表对过去的可能性推测；② 虚拟语气：本可以做，实际没做，含惋惜。 例句：You could have asked me for help. 你当时本可以向我求助的。（实际没求助） 4. may / might have done 规则：对过去把握不大的推测，译为“也许、或许做了某事”；`might` 推测语气比 `may` 更弱。 例句：They may have missed the train. 他们或许没赶上火车。 5. should / ought to have done 规则：本应该做某事，实际并未做，带有遗憾、委婉责备的语气，二者用法完全通用。 例句：You should have told me the truth earlier. 你本该早点告诉我真相的。 6. shouldn't / ought not to have done 规则：本不该做某事，结果却做了，侧重批评、后悔。 例句：You shouldn't have spoken to your teacher like that. 你当初不该那样和老师说话。 7. needn't have done 规则：本不必做某事，结果却做了，强调白费力气、多此一举。 例句：You needn't have waited for me. 你其实没必要等我的。（已经等了） 易混补充（必考辨析） didn't need to do：当时没必要做，实际也没做 例句：I didn't need to get up early yesterday. 我昨天不用早起。（也没有早起） 8. would have done 规则：多用于过去虚拟条件句，表示“本来会做，实际没能做”。 例句：If I had known your address, I would have visited you. 要是我当时知道你的地址，我就去拜访你了。 二、情态动词的特殊用法 讲解高频特殊语义、固定句型、句式规则，突破常规“能够/必须/愿意”基础含义。 （一）can 的特殊用法 1. can 表“偶尔、有时会”（反常/临时习性） 规则：肯定句中，描述人或事物偶然出现的状态、习性，区别于一般现在时的常态。 例句：Cities can be very quiet at night. 城市在夜晚有时会格外安静。 2. can't ... too / can't ... enough 固定句型 规则：经典写作句型，译为“再……也不为过；越……越好”。 例句：You can't be too careful while driving. 开车时再怎么小心也不为过。 3. can't help 两组易混搭配 can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事 例句：He can't help laughing at the joke. 听到这个笑话，他忍不住笑了。 can't help (to) do sth. 不能帮忙做某事 例句：I'm busy and can't help clean the room. 我很忙，没法帮忙打扫房间。 （二）could 的特殊用法 could 表委婉请求（非过去时态） 规则：`could` 用作现在时，比 `can` 语气更客气、委婉，不表示过去。 例句：Could you lend me your dictionary? 可以借我用一下你的词典吗？ （三）may 的特殊用法 1. May + 主语 + 动词原形（倒装表祝愿） 规则：正式书面用法，专门表达祝福。 例句：May you succeed in the exam! 祝你考试顺利！ 2. may as well do sth. 规则：固定搭配，译为“不妨、倒不如做某事”。 例句：We may as well stay here for a rest. 我们不妨留在这儿休息一会儿。 （四）must 的特殊用法 1. must 表“偏偏、执意”（带不满/无奈情绪） 规则：不表“必须”，描述某人非要做某事，暗含情绪。 例句：Why must you make noise when others are studying? 别人学习的时候，你为什么偏偏要吵闹？ 2. mustn't 表“明令禁止” 规则：语气强硬，译为“不准、禁止”。 例句：You mustn't run in the hallway. 禁止在走廊里奔跑。 （五）shall 的特殊用法（高考核心考点） 1. 用于一、三人称疑问句：征求意见 规则：向对方征询建议、安排。 例句：Shall we start our class now? 我们现在开始上课好吗？ 2. 用于二、三人称陈述句：命令/警告/允诺/规定 规则：主语为 you/he/they 等，表说话人的权威、要求、承诺或警告。 例句：Every student shall obey the rules. 所有学生都必须遵守规章制度。 （六）will / would 的特殊用法 1. will 表意愿、习惯性倾向（现在） 规则：表主语乐意做某事，或事物固有的倾向、常态。 例句：She will always offer help to others. 她总是乐于帮助别人。 2. would 表过去习惯性动作 规则：描述过去反复发生的动作，只接动作动词。 例句：He would go fishing on Sundays when he was young. 他年少时，周日常会去钓鱼。 （七）dare / need 作情态动词 规则：作情态动词时，无人称、数的变化，后直接加动词原形；否定直接加 not。 例句：The little girl dare not walk alone in the dark. 这个小女孩不敢独自走夜路。 > 对比实义动词：dare/need to do（有人称变化） > 例：She doesn't dare to walk alone. （八）had better (not) do sth. 规则：固定情态短语，译为“最好（不）做某事”，后接动词原形。 例句：You had better not stay up late. 你最好不要熬夜。 （九）used to do（高频易混） 规则：表示过去常常做某事/处于某种状态，现在已经不再这样。 例句：I used to get up late. 我以前常常起得很晚。（现在不晚起了） 速记小结 1. 情态动词+have done：全针对过去，must 肯定推测，can't 否定推测；should/needn't 侧重“本应/本不必”。 2. shall 是重难点：一问意见，二/三人称表命令、规定。 3. used to / would 都表过去习惯，used to 可接状态，would 只接动作。 4. 固定句型：can't...too（再…也不为过）、may as well（不妨）、May you...（祝愿）。 七．单元写作 comparison and contrast 比较（comparison）主要是指出两个或两个以上不同种类的共同点或相似点（similarities），如人物、事物、地点、思想、观点等。对照（contrast）主要是指它们的不同点（difference）。在英语写作中，比较和对照往往同时使用。写作时，首先应考虑要比较和对照的两个或两个以上的事物，然后列一个表，发现这些事物的最主要特征，相同的或类似的特征可以比较，不同的特征可以组成对照。 [基本框架] 1.表明一方或双方的观点及理由; 2.表明另一方的观点及理由，或指出双方观点不足之处及理由; 3.表明个人态度或阐述个人做法。 [常用语句] ★精彩开头 1. 表明观点：When it comes to _________,different people hold different views. 2. 展示观点：Some contend that ________.For one thing,________.For another,_________.In spite of all these claims,others maintain that _________.They point out that _________.Another instance often cited is that ________. 3. 个人观点：It’sno easy task to find a satisfactory answer to the issue.As for me,there’s some truth to both arguments.It’s advisable to ________. ★正文佳句 1.However, … of the students think… On the other hand, …of the students think… However, others have different opinions. But …of the students think… Others argue that …In their opinion,… ★余味结尾 1.In short, no agreement has been reached yet. 2.So far, no agreement has been reached. 3.In short, the students have not arrived at any agreement yet. 【通用模板】 We had a heated discussion about/on ...…. Students’ views/ideas/opinions on it vary/differ from person to person. Some students say / think / believe that… However, others hold the view that…… As far as I am concerned, I am in favor of the first/second view./ I would like to ….The reasons are as follows. Firstly, …… Secondly,…… In conclusion / In a word ,…… My View on Studying Abroad In recent years, studying abroad has been popular in our country. More and more studentswould like to go abroad for further study. Is it good or bad to study abroad? There are certainly some advantages of studying abroad. Studying abroad can providebetter studying conditions. People can make rapid progress in their foreignlanguage study. Studying abroad can also help widen students’ vision.Meanwhile, young students can learn advanced science and technology fromforeign countries and know cultures of different nations. However,some people hold different opinions about studying abroad. They think there aredisadvantages. For example, because of the lack of living experience and poorcapability to take care of themselves, young students may feel lonely andhomesick. In addition, high living expenses and tuition fees will become a heavyburden upon their parents. In myopinion, when a young student think about whether he will study abroad or not,he should make a decision on the basis of his own academic competence and his family’s economic situation. It is not right to follow others. 一、单词拼写。根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式 1. We hold a dance every year to raise money for ________ (慈善事业). 2. In a word, the 90s generation are facing more ________(挑战) as well as opportunities than other generations. 3. Recently we had a discussion about whether an entrance fee should be ________(收费) for parks. 4. Nowadays, ________ (慢跑) is regarded as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. 5. Facing the serious situation, the hospital has set up medical tents to avoid cross ________(感染) among patients. 6. On ________(平均), they burned slightly more calories during exercise. 7. There is no doubt that it is important to keep_____ of(跟踪) children’s use of social media. 8. Johnson referred to the discovery as a________(主要的) breakthrough in medical science. 9. The conference is going to be a lot of________(额外的)work. 10. The ________ (源头) of a river is the spring at which it begins. 11. It has been ________ (确认) that the meeting will take place next week. 12. If you go to university and play music at the same time, you will have two ________ (选择，可选择的东西) for your future. 13. Doctors have advised us to________ (减少) the amount of fat in our diets. 14. He finds it ________(有益的) to spend half an hour reading English newspapers every day. 15. The president came to________ (权力) last week. 16．She often ________ (抱怨) about not feeling appreciated at work. 17．What was so_________(印象深刻的) about Jasmine’s victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed. 18．Health includes physical health and ________ (精神的) health. 19．Our plan needs to be ________ (灵活的) enough to meet the need of everybody. 20．I have always been ________(吸引) by the idea of working abroad. 21．They also seem to be ________ (热情的) and willing to become leaders. 【答案】1．charity2．challenges 3．charged 4．jogging 5．infection 6．average 7．track 8．major 9．extra 10．source 11．confirmed 12．options 13．reduce 14．beneficial 15．power 16．complains 17．impressive 18．mental 19．flexible 20．attracted 21．enthusiastic 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. The experiments of the researchers are on the _________ (base) of a series of facts. 2. The Southwest University provides a variety of ________(major), ranging from education to psychology, for students to choose from. 3. Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical __________ (fit). 4. With each space mission________ (come) greater insight, thus ________ (motivate) us to continue along the same path of adventure. 5. Wearing a mask appropriately can help to reduce the risk of ________ (infect) of COVID-19. 6. Thanks to his teacher’s help, Tom’s English ________ greatly in the past few years. (improve) 7. I have no difficulty_______(deal)with such a hard situation. 8. With all the evidence ________ (confirm), the hunter who shot the rare animal to death was caught. 9. People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans (寿命), lower rates of_________(depress) and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. 10. He has the ability________(deal)with any aggressive behaviour. 11. ___________(suffer)from poor eyesight, he could no longer read properly. 12. His attention ________(attract) by her smile. 13. Fishing is a hobby which calls for a great deal of ________ (patient), which I don’t have. 14. Despite the rapid development of AI, I think man is still far_________(intelligent) than the cleverest robot. 15. When I said someone was foolish, I wasn’t ________ (refer) to you. 16. In ________ (respond) to the features above, the following measures have been taken in system design. 17. However, to succeed in life, one should set a goal and then _________(gradual) make it more practical. 18. My phone is never out of touching, so I’m_________(constant) posting updates. 19. The old man found the computer was hard____________ (operate). 20. _________(locate) in the center of Beijing, Tiananmen was once _________(serious) damaged by war at the end of the Ming Dynasty. 21. Though born in a poor family, he is blessed with both good looks and _________(intelligent). 22. She arrived at 10 o’clock as ___________(instruct). 【答案】1．basis 2．majors 3．fitness 4．comes     motivating 5.infectionawarded/be awarded 6．respectful 7．distinguished 8．has improved 9．dealing 10．confirmed　 11．depression 12．to deal 13．Suffering/Having suffered 14．was attracted 15．patience 16．more intelligent 17．referring 18．response 19．gradually 20．constantly 21．to operate 22． located  seriously 23．intelligence 24．instructed 三、翻译句子。 1．这位性格外向的房地产经纪人不喜欢保持低调，因此，他总是在社交媒体上更新状态。(profile) 2．当面对艰难的挑战时，我通常认为它是值得一试的。(be worth doing) 3．出席开幕典礼的嘉宾都愿意捐钱给这个新成立的慈善组织。(present) 4．他很少想到要降低压力，因为他认为压力对他有益。(beneficial) 5．无论经受了怎样的磨难，他也从未丧失对生活的信心。(faith) 6．此外，焦虑和担心会导致疾病。(lead to) 7．老师要求我们听英语广播节目来提高听力水平。(demand that...) 8．只有当你把所学的东西应用到实践中，你才能说你成功了。(only位于句首引起倒装；apply...to...) 9．让他高兴的是，这些杰作成功地激发了孩子们的爱国情感。(inspire; delight) 10我老师建议我选修高级文学，因为我喜欢英语，而且我很擅长它。(recommend that sb. (should) do sth.) 11．她花了好长时间从心脏手术中恢复过来。(it做形式主语，recover) 12．尽管饥寒交迫，年老体弱，但他还是在社会关爱下挺过了这样一场全球性灾难。(survive) 【答案】 1. The outgoing estate agent doesn’t like to keep a low profile, so he always updates his moments on social media. 2. When facing a difficult challenge, I usually think it is worth trying. 3. All the guests present at the opening ceremony are willing to donate money to the new charity. 4. He seldom thinks of reducing stress, because he considers it beneficial to him. 5. No matter what hardships he suffered, he never lost faith in life. 6. In addition, anxiety and worry can lead to sickness. 7. The teacher demanded that we listen to the English radio program to improve our listening skills. 8. Only when you apply what you have learned to practice can you say that you have succeeded. 9. To his delight, these masterpieces succeeded in inspiring children’s patriotic feelings. 10. My teacher recommended that I (should) sign up for advanced literature because I like English and I’m good at it. 11. It took her a long time to recover from her heart operation. 12. He, (who is) old and weak, has survived such a global disaster with social care, despite the cold weather and the lack of food. $