Unit 8 单元语法讲练-【精品课】2025-2026学年八年级英语下册同步精品课件（新教材人教版）

该初中英语课件聚焦现在完成时（含for/since用法）、延续性与非延续性动词转换及have/has been to/gone to区别，通过Free talk结合图片提问“志愿者经历”导入，衔接现在完成时基本用法与持续用法，搭建从理解到应用的学习支架。 其亮点在于以“志愿者”真实情境为载体，通过对比辨析（for/since时间点与时间段、动词转换表格）和任务活动（访谈、短文填空），培养学生语言运用能力和思维品质，分层练习（基础填空到校本经典题）助力学习能力提升，帮助学生迁移语法知识，教师可高效开展系统讲练。

Why should we help others? 单元语法讲练 01 02 03 04 能够梳理和归纳包含for 和since的现在完成时的功能和意义，并在语境中准确理解和使用； 运用 for 和 since 完成课本4a-4d的填空与句子改写练习；正确选择并使用 for 或 since 来描述动作或状态的持续时间；运用现在完成时和 for/since 结构，就“志愿者经历”进行问答和描述。 。 能够将所学语法知识迁移至多元真实生活场景中，结合自身经历与话题情境创造性地运用目标语法进行交流与表达，能自主设计并完成相关语言任务，提升语言综合运用与跨情境迁移的能力。 通过体会延续性动词和短暂性动词的区别,能够正确使用现在完成时询问并表达持续性动作或状态。 Learning objectives Free talk What can you see in these pictures? Have you ever done volunteer work? How long did you do it? 、 She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August.她从去年八月起就在一家养老院当志愿者了。 He has volunteered here since his summer holidays started.自从他的暑假开始，他就一直在这儿做志愿者。 I have been a volunteer here for a few months.我已经在这里当志愿者几个月了。 How long have you been a volunteer? 、 Have you been to our animal shelter before? No, I haven't. But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time. Has she ever done volunteer work? Yes, she has. She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August. How long have you been a volunteer? I have been a volunteer here for a few months. How long has he worked as a volunteer at the museum? He has volunteered here since his summer holidays started. Read the sentences. How are for and since used differently? 4a for+时间段 since+过去时间点 since+过去时的从句 、 用 法 Present Perfect Tense 1. 表示在以前某个时间已经发生的行为或曾经做过的事情对目前有某种影响。 过去发生或已经完成的某一动作 Fu Xing has finished Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. I've already read Around the World in Eighty Days twice. 2. 表示一个动作到现在已经发生了多少次。 现在造成的影响或结果 Revision 、 3. 表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，而且可能持续到将来。这种用法称为“未完成用法”。 1）现在完成时+for+一段时间 例：我好久没有见到她了。 I haven’t seen her for a long time. 标志词：常与for或since引导的时间状语(从句)连用。 未完成的句式 、 2）现在完成时+since+表示过去的时间点 例：自1984年以来，史密斯先生就在这里工作。 Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 3）现在完成时+since+从句 例：自上大学以来他学了大约5000个英语单词。 He has learned about 5000 English words since he went to college. since + 过去时间点 “自从…”，用来说明动作的开始时间； for + 时间段 “持续了…” ，用来说明动作延续的时间长度。 、 试着说说哪些是时间点，哪些是时间段吧！ 5:30 five years three minutes 2015 May 5 two months 时间点 时间点 时间段 时间点 时间段 时间段 时间点指的是具体的时间，比如1点、4月7日、2026年12月； 时间段指的是一段时间内，比如说三点到四点，中间这一个小时就是一段时间。 1.后接具体的过去时间点：last week, 2022, yesterday morning, … 例句：I have been a student here since last September. 2.后接一般过去时的完整句子：主+谓(过去式)+其他 例句：They have lived here since they got married. 3.位置：可置于句首或句中，句首时加逗号 4.关键：since后不能接时间段，只能接“时间点”或“句子” since用法 for 用法 1.后接纯时间段：three days, five months, half a year, … 例句：He has taught in this school for eight years. 2.后接模糊时间段：a long time, a while, several years, … 例句：We have waited for a long time. 3.位置：只能置于句中，不可置于句首 4.关键：for后不能接时间点，只能接持续的时间长度 1. 现在完成时表“持续”的核心概念 含义：表示从过去开始，持续到现在的动作/状态 重点：动作的持续性，常与since/for搭配使用 时间：过去的某个时间开始，一直延续到当下 本单元运用：描述志愿者工作、持续的行为状态等场景 关键：不强调动作结束，只关注“从过去到现在”的持续 含since或for的现在完成时的构成和用法 2. 基本结构（肯/否句） (1) 肯定句：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 have/has规则：I/we/you/they→have；he/she/it→has 例句：She has worked as a volunteer for two years.她做志愿者已经两年了。 (2) 否定句：主语 + have/has + not + 动词过去分词 缩写：haven’t / hasn’t 例句：They haven’t lived here since 2020.他们从2020年起就不在这里住了。 含since或for的现在完成时的构成和用法 (3) 特殊疑问句: 疑问词：How long（多久，询问持续时间） 句式： How long + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词？ 回答： 直接用since/for引导的短语作答 例句： —How long have you been here? —For three months. 易错点：不可用When提问持续时间，只能用How long 含since或for的现在完成时的构成和用法 3. 含for和含since的现在完成时的句子有时可以互相转换。 我从 13 年前开始就住在这里。 I’ve lived here for 13 years. It has been 13 years since I began to live here. I’ve lived here since 13 years ago. 含since或for的现在完成时的构成和用法 、 1. Mr. Brown has had his TV ________ 15 years. 2. I’ve taken driving lessons _________ last month. 3. Tom has worked in the factory _______ he left school ten years ago. 4. My friends haven’t visited me _______ my birthday. 5. She hasn’t had a good cup of coffee _______2 years. 6. Tom has worn glasses _________ two years ago. for since for since since since 用since或for填空。 Practice Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets and for or since. 1. This college student enjoys volunteering for the army. She_____ ________(teach) English to the soldiers_____three years. 2. I__________(be) a member of the Red Cross for six years. I have made a lot of friends __________I joined the organization. 3. Mr Wu has taught in a primary school as a volunteer ________ two years now. __________he started working there, he __________(help) many students. 4. The organization___________(train) over 6,000 volunteers __________it began to offer classes three years ago. has for have been since for Since has helped has trained since 4b taught 、 Look at these sentences. Do you think they are right or wrong? 1 I have bought this book for 3 years. 2 I have bought this book since 3 years ago. 3 He has died for three years. 非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，在现在完成时肯定句中不可与表示一段时间的状语连用，应改用延续性动词。 1 I have had this book for 3 years. 2 I have had this book since 3 years ago. 3 He has been dead for 3 years. 、 Look at these two sentences. Do you think they are right or wrong? 1 I haven't heard from him for a year. 2 I haven't heard from him since March. 在现在完成时否定句中，因为非延续性动词的“非延续性” 被否定，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用，说明某个动作一直没发生。 Have you been to our animal shelter before? No, I haven’t. But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time. Has she ever done volunteer work? Yes, she has. She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August. How long have you been a volunteer? I have been a volunteer here for a few months. How long has he worked as a volunteer at the museum? He has volunteered here since his summer holidays started. 观察句中动词，你能发现什么？ 这些动词都是延续性动词。 延续性动词与非延续性动词  延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延 续下去或产生持久影响，如learn, work, live, know, walk等。 非延续性动词也叫终止性动词、瞬间动词等，表示 不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后即刻停止，如 open, close, die, begin, come, go, borrow等。 延续性动词可以在现在完成时中与表示一段时间的状 语连用，如“for+一段时间”“since+过去的时间点” “since 引导的时间状语从句（一般过去时）”或 “since +一段时间+ago”等。 用 法 ◆ My sister has kept these postcards since she was five. 我妹妹从五岁起就留着这些明信片了。 、 ① 用相应的延续性动词替换句中的非延续性动词，如： 非延续性动词转换为表持续的动词或者表状态的短语后即可在现在完成时中与表示一段时间的状语连用。 延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换 borrow → keep buy → have become/come/go → be put on → wear 、 ② 将非延续性动词转换为be+ 介词短语，如： ③ 将非延续性动词转换为be+名词，如： begin/ start → be on finish → be over go to school → be in school join → be in+组织机构/be a member of+ 组织机构 join the army → be a soldier go to school → be a student 、 ④ 用be+ adj./adv. 结构替换非延续性动词，如： close/ open → be closed/open come back/ go back/ return → be back come here → be here fall asleep → be asleep finish/ end → be over marry → be married die → be dead 非延续性动词可以转换为延续性动词。 非延续性动词 对应的延续性表达 例句 begin/start have/has been on The film has been on for 20 minutes. finish/stop have/has been over The parade has been over for 2 hours. come/go/arrive have/has been in/at Kitty has been in HK for two days. leave have/has been away She has been away from home since Tuseday. borrow have/has kept She has kept this book since last book. join have/has been in have/has been a member of Simon has been a member of the Football Club since last year. marry have/has been married They have been married for 15 years. die have/has been dead The fish has been dead for some time. He has joined the communist youth League for two years. He has been a member of the communist youth League for two years. （ ） （ ） 第一课时 1a-2d 他加入共青团两年了。 I have bought this watch for two years. I have had this watch for two years. （ ） （ ） 第一课时 1a-2d 这块手表我买了两年了。 D. His grandpa has died for 8 years. His grandpa has been dead for 8 years. A. I have bought the book for a week. I have had the book for a week. B. How long has Mary left? How long has Mary been away? C. She has borrowed the book since Friday. She has kept the book since Friday. 判断下列句子正误。 Practice 、 Pay attention to the circled words. A: Hi Linda! Have you been to Wuhan? B: Yes! I have. And I have been to a children's hospital there to do volunteer work. A: What did you do there? B: I read stories to sick kids. They were so happy. A: That's so kind of you! Where's Peter? I want to ask him to join our volunteer club. B: He's not here. He has gone to Zhengzhou and he has gone to a community farm there to help pick vegetables for the poor. A: Oh, I see. I'll call him when he comes back. B: Sure! He'll love to join. have/has been to + 地点 → 去过某地 (已经回来) have/has gone to + 地点 → 去了某地 (还没回来) 、 ① He has been to the Palace Museum twice. ② —Have you ever been to Xi'an? —No, I have never been there. But I plan to go this year. 意为“去过(某地)”。表示某人去了某地并且已经回来的意思。它指的是一种经历。常与ever, never, once, twice, many times等连用。 他曾经去过故宫博物院两次。 —你去过西安吗？ —不，我从来没去过，不过我打算今年去。 have/has been to 、 ① Kitty and her family have gone to Hong Kong. They will come back next week. ② He has gone there to wait for his friend. 意为“去了(某地)”，表达某人去了某地但还没有回来 (可能在去某地途中或到了某地，也可能在回来的路上)。 凯蒂和她的家人去了香港。他们下周回来。 他去那儿等朋友了。 当have/has been to或have/has gone to后接home, here, there等地点副词时，to要省略。 have/has gone to 、 A B He has been to Beijing. 表示某人曾去过某地（现已回来） A B She has gone to Beijing. 表示某人在去某地途中或到了某地, 也可能在回来的路上 (现在还没有回来) have/has been to VS have/has gone to 比较 、 Li Lei joined the Party three years ago.(同义句) Li Lei ____ ____ ____the Party ______ three years. Li Lei ____ ____ ____the Party _____ three years ago. 2. My father left Guizhou last week.(同义句) My father ___ ____ _____ ____Guizhou ______a week. My father ___ _____ ____ ____Guizhou ____ last week. 3. The factory opened in1996.(同义句) The factory ____ ____ ____ _____ten years. The factory ____ _____ _____ since 1996. has been in for has been in since has been away from for has been away from since has been open for has been open 完成句子。 Practice 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 现在完成时 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，强调的是现在的情况；不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。 He has lived here since 2012. 自2012年以来他一直住在这里。(他现在还住在这里) 一般过去时 只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系；可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。 He lived here in 2012. 2012年他住在这里。(不涉及他现在是否还住在这里) Ⅰ. 用括号内所给内容的适当形式填空。 1. The film ___________ (be) popular with the public since it ___________ (come) out. 2. Tony ___________ (have) the bike for two years. His father ___________ (buy) it for his ninth birthday. 3. Linda ___________ (borrow) the book from the library and she ___________ (keep) it for three days. has been came has had bought borrowed has kept 4. We ___________ (know) each other since we were in middle school, and we’re still best friends. 5. Lucy ___________ (not see) her aunt for months. She ___________ (miss) her so much and wants to visit her this weekend. have known hasn’t seen misses 、 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets and for or since. 4b 1. This college student enjoys volunteering for the army. She_____________(teach) English to the soldiers _____ three years. 2. I__________(be) a member of the Red Cross for six years. I have made a lot of friends ________I joined the organization. 3. Mr Wu has taught in a primary school as a volunteer ________ two years now. _________he started working there, he __________(help) many students. 4. The organization___________(train) over 6,000 volunteers __________it began to offer classes three years ago. has taught for have been since for Since has helped has trained since 、 I love being a volunteer! I____________(work) with a sports organization for almost three years now. Since I started, I ____________ (help) out at over ten different sports events. I ____________(make) many new friends and I ______ even _____(meet) many famous athletes. For example, I ______(meet) two national football players from Argentina last month. They were at a stadium for a charity match. The stadium _______(be) so big that they_______ (get) lost. I gave them directions and they________ (smile) and_________(thank) me warmly. I am proud to be a volunteer. Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. 4c have worked have helped have made have met met was got smiled thanked 运动员 慈善机构 体育场 方向 热情地 骄傲的 、 Work in groups. Interview your groupmates using the questions below. 4d How long have you • known your best friend / that girl / …? • had your favourite toy / bag / …? • lived in this town / your neighbourhood / …? Share the answers with the class. Hello everyone. I'm ______. I have been a volunteer at ______ for / since ______. I help to ______. I have learned that ______. I feel ______. Language points (1) so＋adj.＋that... 例：The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it.箱子如此重，以至于我搬不动它。 (2) so＋adv.＋that... 例：He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him.他跑得如此快，以至于没人能追上他。 (3) so＋many/much/few/little＋n.＋that... 例：There are so many books that I don’t know which to choose.书如此多，以至于我不知道选哪本。 辨析　so...that...和such...that... so＋adj./adv.＋that... such＋(a/an)＋adj.＋n.＋that... 例：It’s so cold that we can’t go out.＝It’s such a cold day that we can’t go out. 天太冷了，我们不能出去。 对点练习 1. She is kind everyone likes her. 2. He is tired he can’t walk. 3. It rained hard we stayed at home. 4. It is an interesting story I read it twice. 5. The box is very heavy. I can’t lift it. →The box is heavy I can’t lift it. →It is a heavy box I can’t lift it. so that so that so that such that so that such that 2. help out帮助(某人)解决困难或完成工作 Since I started, I have helped out at over ten different sports events.自从我开始(做志愿者)以来，我已经在十多个不同的体育赛事中帮忙了。（原文再现） help out 强调“协助摆脱困境”。 help (sb.) out (with sth.) 帮助(某人)(做某事) 例：① Can you help out at the meeting tomorrow？明天开会时你能帮忙搭把手吗？ ② Don’t worry，I’ll help out with the catering.别担心，我来帮忙负责餐饮部分。 ③ He helped out when his neighbor’s house caught fire.邻居家着火时，他出手相助了。 help相关短语及区别： help sb.(to)do sth. (最常用)帮助某人做某事(直接接动词原形或接动词不定式) help sb.with sth. 在某事上帮助某人(后接名词) help (to) do sth. 有助于做某事/帮忙做某事(主语通常是人) can’t help doing sth. (高频考点)情不自禁做某事/忍不住做某事 can’t help but do sth. 不得不做某事/只能(做某事) 对点练习 1. 每当我遇到困难，他总是第一个来帮忙。 Whenever I’m in trouble，he is always the first to . 2. 当我看到我的家乡的老照片时忍不住哭了起来。 I when I saw the old photo of my hometown. 3. 我忍不住要对你的成功表示祝贺。 I congratulate you on your success. 4. 你能帮我搬一下这个重箱子吗？ Could you me this heavy box? help me out couldn’t help crying can’t help but help to carry 1.We have studied in this school _________ 2019. 2.She has practiced the piano _________ two years. 3.I have known Tom _________ I was in primary school. 4.They have worked as volunteers _________ a few months. 5.He has lived in Nanjing _________ last year. 6.The baby has slept _________ nine o’clock. 7.We have waited for you _________ twenty minutes. 8.She has loved reading _________ she was five. 一、选择since或for填空 since since since since since for for for Exercises 1.She ______________ (be) a teacher for ten years. 2.I _______________ (know) him since we were children. 3.The film _____________ (be) on since 8:00. 4.He ______________ (have) this watch for five years. 5.She _______________ (work) in this hospital since 2020. 6.They _______________ (not see) each other for a long time. 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 has been have known has been has had has worked haven’t seen 一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 人大附中校本经典题 1.I ________________（never be） to the beach before. I want to ____ （go） next month and see the beautiful sand and sea. 2.They _________________（never own） any pets since they got married， but they ____________（always want） to have a dog. have never been go have never owned always want 3.We _________（have） a piano since last November. We _______（buy） it from the Li family when they moved to the US last year. have had bought 46 4.Cathy and Amy ____________（not be） back to their hometown for two years. They _____（miss） their hometown a lot and hope to visit the place next year. haven’t been miss 5.This museum _________（be） here for over 20 years. It ___（be） one of the oldest buildings in this small town. has been is 47 二、用for或since将下列句子合并为一句。 北京四中校本经典题 6.Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three days ago. ___________________________________ Jim has been in Japan for three days. 7.Tom is lonely. His friends left him two months ago. __________________________________________________________ Tom has been lonely since his friends left him two months ago. 8.The boy has a toy gun. His mother bought it for him in 2022. _________________________________________________________________ The boy has had a toy gun since his mother bought it for him in 2022. 48 9.I know Anna. I first met her three years ago. _________________________________ I have known Anna for three years. 10.Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday. _______________________________ Linda has been ill since Monday. 49 三、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文意思完整、通顺。 北外附中校本经典题#1 Free Ice Creams，Priceless Gifts Most people hope 11. __________（receive） birthday gifts. But Jimmy Teng，or “Uncle Jimmy”，does things differently. The 74-year-old man 12. _________（sell） ice creams in the past 17 years in Singapore. Every year，on 22 March—his birthday—he 13. ______（offer） free ice creams. He 14. _________（do） this since his 70th birthday. This year， Uncle Jimmy plans to give away 800 ice creams.“People 15. __________ to receive has sold offers has done have been 50 （be） quite stressed recently and I want to help,” he said.“Sharing makes me feel happy.” He enjoys talking with his customers. Many of them 16. _____________（become） his friends since they first 17. _____ （meet）.Some students 18. _______（help） him set up social media pages. He 19. __________（make） many friends online ever since.#1.1.1 have become met helped has made 三、阅读短文，用所给动词的适当形式填空 I love volunteering! I 1. __________ (be) a volunteer at an animal hospital since 2023. I 2. ____________ (work) there for about a year now. Since I 3._______ (start) volunteering, I 4. __________________ (learn) a lot about animals. I 5. __________ (make) many friends with other volunteers for months. The hospital 6. _________ (be) open since 2020. It 7. _________ (help) over 1,000 animals since it opened. I 8. _________ (keep) a cat for two years, so I know how to look after animals. I 9. ____________ (not be) late for volunteer work since I started. I 10. ____________ (stay) here for two more hours today. have been have worked started have learned/learnt have made have been has helped have kept haven’t been have stayed Lavf58.29.100 Packed by Bilibili XCoder v2.0.2 $