专题10 任务型阅读（期末复习）2025-2026学年八年级英语下学期期末复习（新教材人教版）

**基本信息** 聚焦任务型阅读，以四大话题（自然灾害与防范、礼仪与习俗、文学名著、志愿服务）为载体，通过细节理解、推理判断及开放表达题，系统培养语言理解与跨文化认知能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |自然灾害与防范|4篇阅读|事实细节题为主，含原因分析与措施建议|从灾害成因到应对方法，构建“现象-原因-解决”逻辑链| |礼仪与习俗|4篇阅读|文化差异对比题，涉及禁忌与习俗描述|以不同国家习俗为案例，形成“文化现象-规则解读”认知框架| |文学名著|4篇阅读|人物性格与情节推理题，含开放延伸|从名著片段提取人物特征，培养文本解读与联想能力| |志愿服务|4篇阅读|事迹概括与意义分析题|通过真实案例展现“助人-成长”主题，渗透社会责任感|

专题10 任务型阅读 话题1自然灾害与防范 （一） Floods happen when too much water covers the land. They can come from heavy rains or big waves from the sea. Floods can be very dangerous. Every year, thousands of people lose their lives because of floods. Floods also cause many other serious problems. In 2024, more than 19 million people had to leave their homes because of floods. That’s like moving everyone in a whole country, such as Somalia (索马里) or the Netherlands (荷兰) . Floods can also damage roads, bridges and schools. In 2023, floods in Slovenia (斯洛文尼亚) caused damage equal to about 16% of the country’s economy. In the United States, floods cost billions of dollars every year. After a flood, food can become hard to find, and dirty water can spread disease. Floods are becoming more common, and one major reason is the rising temperature of the Earth. Warmer air can hold more water, leading to heavier rain and stronger storms. Also, dry ground cannot absorb water well, so water runs quickly into low-lying areas and causes floods. Another important reason is rising sea levels, which make coastal floods worse. Large waves push more water onto the land. Scientists say that by the year 2100, major floods that once happened only once every 100 years may occur every year. Many cities could then face serious danger. So, what can we do to deal with floods? There are some clear ways. First, we can depend on warning systems. These systems can tell people when floods are coming, so everyone has enough time to get to safe places before the disaster hits. Second, we can build sea walls to stop floodwater from spreading onto the land. Third, cities can be turned into “sponge cities” by building special streets and green spaces—these features help soak up rainwater, slow it down and reduce the risk of flooding. Finally, in some specific areas, we can carry out a plan called “managed retreat” that scientists say this is the safest way. This means moving people away from these areas that flood again and again. Floods are a big challenge. But if we work together and plan well, we can stay safe and protect our homes. By understanding the causes and taking action, we can make a real difference. 1．Where do floods mainly come from? 2．How many people had to leave their homes in 2024 because of the floods? 3．Why are floods becoming more common? 4．How do “sponge cities” help reduce flood risks? 5．What can we do to keep safe and sound if there is a flood? (言之有理即可) （二） Sally woke with a sudden movement. She heard strange sounds; she could smell smoke. The room was full of smoke. She coughed. What was happening? Her bedroom door opened with a bang and her mother ran in, her face white. “Get up Sally, we have to go! Get dressed now!” Her mother disappeared back into the house. Sally jumped from her bed and opened the window. Screams and cries came from the streets below. Sally watched people throw their things into carts, horses threading the ground, keen to leave. “Hey, what’s happening?” Sally yelled. “Fire!” her neighbour shouted back. “Coming from Pudding Lane! Get out now Sally! No one is safe!” Sally pulled her window shut and got changed as quickly as she could. Downstairs, she found her father, mother and sister jamming their things into a handcart. They watched people trying to put out the big fire with leather buckets full of water. It didn’t seem to make any difference, as the fire jumped from one building to the next. “The houses are so close tighter and made of wood!” Sally noticed, as she tripped over candlesticks, burnt pans and odd bits of furniture that people had dropped in the streets. The grocer’s boy, Tom Winter, saw Sally and said, “Some people are going to St. Paul’s Cathedral to stay safe. Made of stone. Won’t burn like wood.” Sally nodded, but followed her parents down the dark street. They walked and walked. Finally, they arrived at Moorfields. It was a wide-open space with no buildings to burn. They were safe. 1．Sally’s house was on fire, wasn’t it? 2．Where did the fire start? 3．How were people trying to put out the fire? 4．Why did Sally’s family go to Moorfields? 5．What change do you think were made to the buildings after the fire? （三） A storm swept through two villages in the New Territories, destroying fourteen homes. Seven other houses were badly damaged and their owners had to leave them, and fifteen other houses had broken windows or broken roofs. The storm killed one person and made several persons get hurt. Altogether over two hundred people were homeless after the storm. A farmer Mr Tan, said that the storm began early in the morning and lasted for over an hour. “I was eating with my wife and children when we heard a loud noise,” he said. “A few minutes later, our house fell down on top of us. We tried our best to climb out but then I noticed that one of my children was missing. I went back inside and found him, safe but very scared.” Mrs Smith said that her husband had just left for work when she felt that her house was moving. She ran outside at once with her children. “There was no time to take anything,” she said. “A few minutes later, the roof came down.” It rained heavily. Soldiers helped to take people out of the flooded area. The welfare department brought them some food, dry clothes and shelter. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．How many people altogether were homeless after the storm? 2．How long did the storm last? 3．What was Mr Tan doing when he heard a loud noise? 4．Who helped to take people out of the flooded area? 5．What kind of aid did the welfare department provide to the affected people? （四） There are some things in nature that we cannot stop from happening. A flood comes when there is too much water on the land. Sometimes, it is after a big storm when too much rain falls on the land. The fast flood water can hurt us and destroy our home. We cannot stop a flood from coming, but we can try to stop the water from coming into our homes. We can try to stop the water by making a wall. We can use sandbags to make the wall. An earthquake comes when the land moves. The land goes up and down and even cracks (断裂). We can get hurt by things that fall down in an earthquake. We cannot stop an earthquake from coming, but we can try to make our homes strong so that they do not fall down in an earthquake. A tornado (龙卷风) is the fast air that goes around and around over the land. A tornado can pick up anything. It can break anything that is on the way. A hurricane (飓风) is a big storm with fast strong winds and heavy rains. It begins on the sea and can come onto the land. Its fast winds can hurt us and destroy our homes. We cannot stop a tornado or a hurricane from coming, but we can get out of its way. We cannot stop the power of nature, but we can go to places where we can be safe. 1．When does a flood come? 2．Why should we try to make our homes strong? 3．How can we try to stop the water? 4．What harm can a tornado do? (写出一个答案即可) 5．When facing a tornado or a hurricane, what can we do? 话题2礼仪与习俗 （一） Some British people like to invite friends for a meal at home. You should not be sad if your English friends don’t invite you home. It doesn’t mean they don’t like you! Dinner parties usually start between 7 and 8 p.m. and end at about 11 p.m. Ask your hosts (主人) what time you should arrive. It’s polite to bring some flowers, chocolate or a bottle of wine (酒) as a gift. Usually dinners start with drinks. Do you want to be polite? Say how much you like the room or the pictures on the wall. But remember—it’s not polite to ask how much things cost. In many families, the husband sits at one end of the table and the wife sits at the other end. They eat with their guests. You’ll probably start the meal with soup or something small, and then you’ll have meat or fish with vegetables. Finally, you’ll have dessert. It’s polite to finish everything on your plate and take more if you want. Do you enjoy the evening? Call your hosts, or write them a short thank-you letter after that. British people like to say “Thank you” all the time. 1．When does the dinner parties usually start? 2．Where does the husband sit during the dinner? 3．What does the meal usually end with? 4．Is it polite to finish everything on your plate? 5．After dinner, what can you do to the hosts if you enjoy the evening? （二） Traveling to another country is exciting and fun. But if you don’t learn about local traditions, your trip may get into trouble. To help stop things like that, I list some cultural taboos (禁忌) in several countries. Let’s take a look and then you can have a great trip there. Mexico In Mexico, bringing an expensive gift to someone’s home is a no-no. It could be seen as a bribe (贿赂). For local people, some simple things like flowers are good gifts. But you shouldn’t take along red flowers, because in Mexican culture, they symbolize death and can be connected with witchcraft (巫术).   The US Americans have a tradition of tipping (给小费). You can tip waiters, taxi drivers, hotel doormen…nearly anyone with a service job. Pay attention when you talk with Americans. Questions like “How old are you?” may be common between friends. But as tourists in the US, it is not polite to ask people’s age. Britain British people are known for queuing (排队). From the supermarket to the underground, queues are very common in Britain. Usually, it takes a British person six months of their life in queues. If you jump the queue in Britain, you may make them angry. Japan You should never wear shoes indoors in Japan. When visiting someone’s home, it is rude to enter with shoes on. Shoes should be taken off at the door and replaced with indoor slippers (拖鞋). This is also the same when you try clothes on in a clothes shop. You should take off your shoes before going into the fitting room (试衣间). There are indoor shoes prepared for customers inside. 1．What are good gifts for local people in Mexico?   2．Why shouldn’t tourists ask people’s age in the US? 3．How long does it usually take a British person in queues?   4．What should you do before going into the fitting room in Japan?   5．What is the passage mainly about?   （三） Now, more and more foreigners are living in China. They are studying or working here. They love China very much, and are used to the daily life here. But sometimes they have problems. For example, some of them don’t know how to give gifts. There are some suggestions for them. It’s necessary to bring a gift. In China, it’s a traditional custom to bring a gift when you are invited to someone’s home. Usually fresh flowers and fruits are your best choices. The number “eight” is considered lucky, so eight apples or eight oranges are a good idea. You’d better wrap(包装) your gift. When you buy a gift, the seller usually helps you wrap the gift. Don’t be surprised if your gift is wrapped. Because wrapping paper can make your gifts look more beautiful. In China, people don’t open gifts at once. They usually do it in the evening or after you leave. Give something that can be shared. If you have some co-workers, don’t give gifts to only one person. You’d better treat them equally. It’s better to give something that can be shared, like food. 1．Do foreigners have problems when they live in China? 2．What is a traditional custom in China when you are invited to someone’s home? 3．When do people usually open gifts? 4．Why does the seller usually help you wrap the gift? 5．How should you give gifts if you have some co-workers there? （四） Different countries and different people have different manners. We must find out their customs so that they will not think us ill-mannered(没有礼貌的). Here are examples of the things that a person with good education does or does not do. If you visit a Chinese family, you should knock at the door first. When the door opens, you will not move before the host says “Come in, please.” After you come into the room, you would not sit down until the host asks you to take a seat. When a cup of tea is put on a table before you or sent to your hand, you will say “thank you” and receive it with two hands, not one hand or they will think you are ill-mannered. Before entering a house in Japan, it is a good manner to take off your shoes. In European countries, even though shoes sometimes become very dirty, this is not done. In a Malay house, a visitor never finishes the food on the table. He leaves a little to show that he has had enough. In England, a visitor always finishes the drink or the food to show he has enjoyed it. That will make the host pleasant. 1． Does the writer think it is necessary to know different customs in different countries? 2．When can you enter the room if you visit a friend in China? 3．What should you say when a cup of tea is sent to your hand? 4．In which country do you have to take off your shoes before entering a house? 5．Why does a visitor always finish the food at dinner in his friend’s home in England? 话题3文学名著 （一） The game Black Myth: Wukong is very popular. Students in Guangming Middle School are learning how it shows Chinese culture. Through online information, books, and documentaries (纪录片), they work in groups to study the game’s cultural meaning. Topic: The traditional Chinese culture in Black Myth: Wukong Driving (驱动) Question: How does Black Myth: Wukong show Chinese culture? Sub-question (子问题) 1: Who is the main character in Black Myth: Wukong and what spirit (精神) does he show in Chinese culture? Black Myth: Wukong comes from the famous Chinese novel Journey to the West. The main character Sun Wukong is a super hero in Chinese myths. He was brave enough to fight with bad people and overcame (克服) many difficulties on the journey, showing the spirit of fearlessness (无畏). Sub-question 2 : What traditional Chinese elements (元素) can be found in the game? In Black Myth: Wukong, you can see beautiful mountains, ancient buildings, kung fu moves, traditional music, and special clothes. All these elements make us proud of our rich Chinese culture. Sub-question 3: What places of interest in Shanxi are shown in the game? Black Myth: Wukong shows 36 real places in China, with 27 in Shanxi such as the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda and Foguang Temple which are rich in history and art. This helps people learn about Chinese culture and brings more visitors to Shanxi. 1．Who’s the main character of the Black Myth? 2．What spirit does Wukong have? 3．What Chinese elements can you find in the passage? 4．Which place of interest in Shanxi would you like to go most? 5．Make a trip plan to visit Shanxi with Wukong, including at least two pieces of information (places of interest, transportation, cities, and so on). （二） White Fang, the wolf cub (幼兽), was different from his brothers and sisters. They had reddish hair like their mother, the she-wolf, but he was grey like his father, One Eye. When his eyes were still closed, the grey cub knew his family by touch, taste, and smell. He spent much time sleeping in most of his first month, but as he grew, he stayed awake longer and he knew his small world. His world was the dark cave and nothing else. Soon he noticed one place was different—it was the mouth of the cave, where the light came in. The light attracted him. He always wanted to walk toward it, but his mother always hit him and drove him back. From this, the grey cub learned more about his mother. And he knew what hurt was. As time went by, the grey cub knew hunger. His mother’s milk was gone. He and his brothers and sisters grew weak and had to sleep while their father and mother were trying their best to hunt. Finally, when the grey cub woke up again, he found only one sister left. Soon, she died too. Later, after another time of hunger, his father stopped returning. The she-wolf followed his father’s path and saw signs of a great fight at the home of a lynx (猞猁). She knew One Eye lost there. After that, she stayed away from that area when hunting, for she knew the lynx also had babies and would fight hard to protect them. But the wild is the wild, and a mother will do anything for her young. The time would come when the she-wolf would go near the lynx’s home for her grey cub again. ——Taken from White Fang 1．What colour was White Fang? 2．Why did he want to go to the mouth of the cave? 3．How did his brothers and sisters die? 4．Where did One Eye lose? 5．Give an example that shows the “hurt” from your parent in your life. （三） With the help of Mary, his own cousin, Tom Sawyer became a different person. It was the first time for Tom Sawyer to dress up. Then, they went to the Sunday school. Tom Sawyer hated it because of the long school hours and church service. When the children came to the gate of the school, Tom Sawyer walked more slowly and asked another boy, “Bill, have you got a yellow ticket?” After they bargained (讨价还价) for a while, they reached a deal. Tom gave him a fishing hook and he got the yellow ticket from Bill. In the same way, he exchanged for some red tickets and some blue tickets. In this school, the teacher had set a rule to encourage the children to recite (背诵) the Bible: if he could recite two verses, the teacher would give him one blue ticket; ten blue tickets were equal to one red ticket; ten red tickets could be exchanged for a yellow ticket; if anyone could get ten yellow tickets, the teacher would give him or her a new Bible—the greatest honor for the children. So many children were busy reciting every day. So he thought of an easy way. He exchanged his small things for tickets in other children’s hands. In class, Tom Sawyer was playing with the boys around and the children began to talk noisily and even began to fight. Suddenly, the room turned silent because an old man—somebody important came into the room. Then it was the time to give prize to those children who had gotten ten yellow tickets. Nobody had enough tickets. When hope was dead, Tom Sawyer stood up with nine yellow tickets, nine red ones and ten blue ones. All the children looked at him with eagerness (渴望). Then, the children understood that they were all cheated by Tom Sawyer. The teacher didn’t believe Tom Sawyer could get so many tickets, but the number of tickets was exact. —Taken from the Adventures of Tom Sawyer 1．Who is Mary? 2．How did Tom Sawyer get a yellow ticket from Bill? 3．Why did the teacher set a rule about getting different colors of tickets? 4．How did all the other children feel when Tom Sawyer stood with so many tickets? 5．Do you think the prize would be given to Tom Sawyer? Why or why not? （四） Tom, Huck and Joe decided to run away from the town and become pirates (海盗), never to return. They left at midnight on a raft (筏) and finally landed on an island five kilometers south of their town. They took the old sail from the raft and made a tent. Then they let the raft go down the river. They built a fire and cooked some stolen food to eat, talking about the life of pirates. Slowly, they felt sleepy. Huck slept easily. Tom and Joe had more difficulty getting to sleep. Their consciences (良心) started to work. They began to fear that it was wrong to run away and worried that it was bad to steal. After they woke up the next morning, they played in the shallow, clear water. Then they caught some small fish and cooked these for breakfast. Later they went to explore the woods. When they got hungry, they went back to their camp, ate lots of cold ham, and then lay down in the shade to talk. They thought the new life was free and interesting. Suddenly, the boys heard a strange noise in the distance. Soon this sound became louder. “What is it?” asked Joe. “It isn’t thunder,” said Huck. “Let’s go and see.” They hurried to the shore (岸). A little ferry (渡船) full of people was about a kilometer below the village. There were lots of rowing boats moving around near the ferry. The boys couldn’t understand what they were doing. Some white steam (蒸汽) came from the ferry’s side and they heard that same sound again. “I know,” cried Tom. “Someone’s drowned (溺死)! They are searching for the dead body.” “That’s it,” said Huck. “They did this last summer when Bill Turner drowned. They send out some white steam over the water and that makes the body come to the top.” “I wonder who drowned,” said Huck. “It is us,” said Tom. —Adapted from The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 1．When did the boys leave their town? 2．Who found it difficult to get to sleep? 3．What did they think of the new life? 4．How did people search for the body of the drowned person? 5．Do you think Tom would go back home? Why or why not? 话题4志愿服务 （一） A notice in front of a restaurant has become famous on the Internet. It says, “If you’re hungry or living a hard life, come here and have a 15-yuan pig trotter (猪蹄) with rice. You can just leave after the meal. When you are better in the future, remember to help the people in need around you. Thank you!” The notice was written by Li Yuan, who started to offer the free meal after he opened his first restaurant in Shenzhen. The story behind Li’s notice started when he was only 16. He left home for work and came to a big city. At first, Li couldn’t find a job. He was all alone and had no money. One day, Li was tired and hungry. He asked several restaurants for a meal. Everyone said “NO” except the owner (主人) of a small restaurant. He offered Li a pig trotter with rice. It was not a big meal, but the best meal that Li had during the hard days. Now Li also teaches people to make pig trotters with rice. He hopes that more people can live a better life.“I may lose some money by giving free meals, but I don’t mind. I can get something priceless (无价的) in return. You share roses and get fun.” Li said. 1．Where did Li open his first restaurant? 2．What did Li do when he was tired and hungry? 3．Who offered Li a pig trotter with rice? 4．Why does Li teach people to make pig trotters with rice? 5．将短文中划线的句子翻译成中文。 （二） At 97, Ye Lianping has spent most of his life helping children learn. He is a kind teacher and a true hero in Bu Chen, Anhui. Ye stopped working in 1991, but he didn’t stop teaching. He started the Home for Left-Behind Children in 2000 to help children whose parents have to work far away in big cities. Ye gives free English lessons to these children and has helped over 2,000 of them. For 25 years, Ye has never asked his students to pay for their education, because he believes that learning should be free for everyone. To help his students, he buys books and pens for them. He even lets the children in need eat and live at his home. However, Ye lives a very simple life. His house is simple, built 30 years ago. He has even used the same cup for ten years. He doesn’t mind this because he cares more about the children than himself. In 2012, Ye took another step. He started the“Ye Lianping Scholarship Fund (叶连平奖学金)”with the government and Buchen School, which helps students pay for school. It has provided over 400,000 yuan for more than 400 students. Many of them have become teachers themselves. They remember Ye’s kindness and are now passing it on to their own students. Ye is racing against time. He wants to spend as much time as he possibly can on education. He teaches us that the best things in life come from giving, not taking. He has set an example to us all. 1．Why did Ye Lianping start the “Home for Left-Behind Children” in 2000? 2．What did Ye Lianping do to help his students besides giving free English lessons? 3．What can the “Ye Lianping Scholarship Fund” do for students? 4．Why do a lot of Ye Lianping’s students decide to be teachers when they grow up? 5．What truth can we learn from Ye Lianping’s experience? （三） In Portland, 16-year-old Carlos Mendez found that many kids in his neighborhood had broken bicycles lying in their garages (车库). Carlos, who had learned to repair (修理) bikes from his older brother, saw a chance to help. He had a free bicycle repair class in his family’s yard every Saturday afternoon. With tools given by a local bike shop and spare parts from old bicycles, Carlos taught kids how to repair bikes. Soon, his yard became a popular place to hang out on weekends. To help more people, Carlos saved money from his part-time job and bought a second-hand tricycle (三轮车). He turned it into a mobile repair station named “Rolling Wrenches”. Now, he rides his tricycle to different parks and community centers in the city, offering free simple repairs and safety checks (检查). Carlos’s project got bigger with the support of the community. A man called Jack heard about his work and helped him get some money to buy more tools to give away. His mobile workshop has repaired over 200 bicycles so far. Carlos believes that every kid should have a safe bike to ride, and he’s making that come true. 1．What problem did Carlos notice in his neighborhood? 2．Where did Carlos have his free bicycle repair class? 3．What is the name of his mobile repair station? 4．How did Jack support Carlos’s work? 5．Why does Carlos think his work is meaningful? （四） My name is Ann. I worked as a volunteer in 2013 because I wanted to do something to help others. I called some charity shops to ask if they needed volunteers. Although I didn’t mind where I volunteered, I was glad that one of the Sue Ryder shops said yes. Sue Ryder was a charity very close to my heart because volunteers from Sue Ryder once cared for my dad in the hospital. Volunteering in the shop helped me know what shop work was like and I was surprised to find how much I really enjoyed doing it. I also found how important the public were. Lots of people gave us things they didn’t need for the shops to sell. In this way Sue Ryder raised money to care for people with life-changing illness. I always left the charity shop late because I knew how important the work of Sue Ryder was. Another thing I enjoyed about volunteering was talking with other volunteers in the shop. They were friendly and helpful. I really improved my teamwork skills by volunteering. I worked in the shop from late April to early August. I learned many things from it and I’m sure they will be useful in the future. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．Who once got help from Sue Ryder in Ann’s family? 2．Did Ann enjoy volunteering in the Sue Ryder charity shop? 3．What did Ann think of other volunteers in the Sue Ryder charity shop? 4．How long did Ann work in the Sue Ryder charity shop? 5．Besides enjoying the work, what other positive experience did Ann mention about volunteering? 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题10 任务型阅读 话题1自然灾害与防范 （一） Floods happen when too much water covers the land. They can come from heavy rains or big waves from the sea. Floods can be very dangerous. Every year, thousands of people lose their lives because of floods. Floods also cause many other serious problems. In 2024, more than 19 million people had to leave their homes because of floods. That’s like moving everyone in a whole country, such as Somalia (索马里) or the Netherlands (荷兰) . Floods can also damage roads, bridges and schools. In 2023, floods in Slovenia (斯洛文尼亚) caused damage equal to about 16% of the country’s economy. In the United States, floods cost billions of dollars every year. After a flood, food can become hard to find, and dirty water can spread disease. Floods are becoming more common, and one major reason is the rising temperature of the Earth. Warmer air can hold more water, leading to heavier rain and stronger storms. Also, dry ground cannot absorb water well, so water runs quickly into low-lying areas and causes floods. Another important reason is rising sea levels, which make coastal floods worse. Large waves push more water onto the land. Scientists say that by the year 2100, major floods that once happened only once every 100 years may occur every year. Many cities could then face serious danger. So, what can we do to deal with floods? There are some clear ways. First, we can depend on warning systems. These systems can tell people when floods are coming, so everyone has enough time to get to safe places before the disaster hits. Second, we can build sea walls to stop floodwater from spreading onto the land. Third, cities can be turned into “sponge cities” by building special streets and green spaces—these features help soak up rainwater, slow it down and reduce the risk of flooding. Finally, in some specific areas, we can carry out a plan called “managed retreat” that scientists say this is the safest way. This means moving people away from these areas that flood again and again. Floods are a big challenge. But if we work together and plan well, we can stay safe and protect our homes. By understanding the causes and taking action, we can make a real difference. 1．Where do floods mainly come from? 2．How many people had to leave their homes in 2024 because of the floods? 3．Why are floods becoming more common? 4．How do “sponge cities” help reduce flood risks? 5．What can we do to keep safe and sound if there is a flood? (言之有理即可) 【答案】1．They mainly come from heavy rains or big waves from the sea. 2．More than/Over 19 million people. 3．Because the Earth is getting warmer (warmer air holds more water, causing heavier rain), dry ground can’t absorb water well, and sea levels are rising. 4．By building special streets and green spaces. /By soaking up rainwater and slowing it down. 5．We should quickly move to higher ground or safe shelters away from the water. (言之有理即可) 【解析】本文介绍了洪水的来源、危害、成因，并提出了应对洪水的多种措施，强调通过合作与规划可以保障安全、减少灾害影响。 1．根据“They can come from heavy rains or big waves from the sea.”可知，洪水主要来自大雨或海上的大浪。故填They mainly come from heavy rains or big waves from the sea. 2．根据“In 2024, more than 19 million people had to leave their homes because of floods.”可知，2024年有超过1900万人因为洪水不得不离开家园。故填More than/Over 19 million people. 3．根据“Floods are becoming more common, and one major reason is the rising temperature of the Earth.”“Also, dry ground cannot absorb water well, so water runs quickly into low-lying areas and causes floods.”和“Another important reason is rising sea levels, which make coastal floods worse.”可知，洪水变得更常见的主要原因是地球温度上升、干涸的土地吸水不好导致水迅速流向低洼地区引发洪水，另一个重要原因是海平面上升。故填Because the Earth is getting warmer (warmer air holds more water, causing heavier rain), dry ground can’t absorb water well, and sea levels are rising. 4．根据“Third, cities can be turned into ‘sponge cities’ by building special streets and green spaces—these features help soak up rainwater, slow it down and reduce the risk of flooding.”可知，“海绵城市”通过建造特殊的街道和绿地，帮助吸收雨水、减缓水流，从而降低洪水风险。故填By building special streets and green spaces./By soaking up rainwater and slowing it down. 5．开放性试题，答案合理即可。故填We should quickly move to higher ground or safe shelters away from the water. （二） Sally woke with a sudden movement. She heard strange sounds; she could smell smoke. The room was full of smoke. She coughed. What was happening? Her bedroom door opened with a bang and her mother ran in, her face white. “Get up Sally, we have to go! Get dressed now!” Her mother disappeared back into the house. Sally jumped from her bed and opened the window. Screams and cries came from the streets below. Sally watched people throw their things into carts, horses threading the ground, keen to leave. “Hey, what’s happening?” Sally yelled. “Fire!” her neighbour shouted back. “Coming from Pudding Lane! Get out now Sally! No one is safe!” Sally pulled her window shut and got changed as quickly as she could. Downstairs, she found her father, mother and sister jamming their things into a handcart. They watched people trying to put out the big fire with leather buckets full of water. It didn’t seem to make any difference, as the fire jumped from one building to the next. “The houses are so close tighter and made of wood!” Sally noticed, as she tripped over candlesticks, burnt pans and odd bits of furniture that people had dropped in the streets. The grocer’s boy, Tom Winter, saw Sally and said, “Some people are going to St. Paul’s Cathedral to stay safe. Made of stone. Won’t burn like wood.” Sally nodded, but followed her parents down the dark street. They walked and walked. Finally, they arrived at Moorfields. It was a wide-open space with no buildings to burn. They were safe. 1．Sally’s house was on fire, wasn’t it? 2．Where did the fire start? 3．How were people trying to put out the fire? 4．Why did Sally’s family go to Moorfields? 5．What change do you think were made to the buildings after the fire? 【答案】1．No, it wasn’t. 2．It started in Pudding Lane. 3．They were trying to put out the fire with leather buckets full of water. 4．Because it was a wide-open space with no buildings to burn, so they could be safe there. 5．People probably built buildings with stone instead of wood, and made houses less closely packed. 【解析】本文讲述了萨莉在伦敦大火中与家人一起逃生的经历，展现了火灾时的混乱与人们的应对方式。 1．根据“‘Coming from Pudding Lane! Get out now Sally! No one is safe!’”可知，火灾始于布丁巷，萨莉的房子当时并未着火，只是处于危险之中。故填No, it wasn’t. 2．文中邻居明确说“Coming from Pudding Lane!”，直接点明了火灾的起点。故填It started in Pudding Lane. 3．文中提到“They watched people trying to put out the big fire with leather buckets full of water.”，说明人们用装满水的皮桶灭火。故填They were trying to put out the fire with leather buckets full of water. 4．根据“Finally, they arrived at Moorfields. It was a wide-open space with no buildings to burn. They were safe.”可知，穆尔菲尔兹是开阔地带，没有可燃烧的建筑，能让他们安全避险。故填Because it was a wide-open space with no buildings to burn, so they could be safe there. 5．从文中“The houses are so close tighter and made of wood!”可以推断，火灾后人们会改用石头等防火材料建房，并让房屋间距更大，以减少火灾蔓延风险。故填People probably built buildings with stone instead of wood, and made houses less closely packed. （三） A storm swept through two villages in the New Territories, destroying fourteen homes. Seven other houses were badly damaged and their owners had to leave them, and fifteen other houses had broken windows or broken roofs. The storm killed one person and made several persons get hurt. Altogether over two hundred people were homeless after the storm. A farmer Mr Tan, said that the storm began early in the morning and lasted for over an hour. “I was eating with my wife and children when we heard a loud noise,” he said. “A few minutes later, our house fell down on top of us. We tried our best to climb out but then I noticed that one of my children was missing. I went back inside and found him, safe but very scared.” Mrs Smith said that her husband had just left for work when she felt that her house was moving. She ran outside at once with her children. “There was no time to take anything,” she said. “A few minutes later, the roof came down.” It rained heavily. Soldiers helped to take people out of the flooded area. The welfare department brought them some food, dry clothes and shelter. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．How many people altogether were homeless after the storm? 2．How long did the storm last? 3．What was Mr Tan doing when he heard a loud noise? 4．Who helped to take people out of the flooded area? 5．What kind of aid did the welfare department provide to the affected people? 【答案】1．Over two hundred people. 2．For over an hour. 3．Eating with his wife and children. 4．Soldiers. 5．They brought food, dry clothes, and shelter. 【解析】 本文是记叙文，主要描述了风暴袭击两个村庄的破坏事件。 【详解】11．根据“Altogether over two hundred people were homeless after the storm.”可知，这场风暴过后，总共有两百多人无家可归了。故填Over two hundred people. 1．根据“A farmer, Mr Tan, said that the storm began early in the morning and lasted for over an hour.”可知，这位农民谭先生说，风暴是清晨开始的，持续了一个多小时。故填For over an hour. 2．根据“‘I was eating with my wife and children when we heard a loud noise,’ he said.”可知，农夫说他当时正和妻子、孩子们一起吃饭，突然听到一声巨响。故填Eating with his wife and children. 3．根据“Soldiers helped to take people out of the flooded area.”可知，士兵们帮助人们从洪水中撤离。故填Soldiers. 4．根据“The welfare department brought them some food, dry clothes and shelter.”可知，福利部门给他们送来了食物、干衣服和庇护所。故填They brought food, dry clothes, and shelter. （四） There are some things in nature that we cannot stop from happening. A flood comes when there is too much water on the land. Sometimes, it is after a big storm when too much rain falls on the land. The fast flood water can hurt us and destroy our home. We cannot stop a flood from coming, but we can try to stop the water from coming into our homes. We can try to stop the water by making a wall. We can use sandbags to make the wall. An earthquake comes when the land moves. The land goes up and down and even cracks (断裂). We can get hurt by things that fall down in an earthquake. We cannot stop an earthquake from coming, but we can try to make our homes strong so that they do not fall down in an earthquake. A tornado (龙卷风) is the fast air that goes around and around over the land. A tornado can pick up anything. It can break anything that is on the way. A hurricane (飓风) is a big storm with fast strong winds and heavy rains. It begins on the sea and can come onto the land. Its fast winds can hurt us and destroy our homes. We cannot stop a tornado or a hurricane from coming, but we can get out of its way. We cannot stop the power of nature, but we can go to places where we can be safe. 1．When does a flood come? 2．Why should we try to make our homes strong? 3．How can we try to stop the water? 4．What harm can a tornado do? (写出一个答案即可) 5．When facing a tornado or a hurricane, what can we do? 【答案】1．When there’s too much water on the land. 2．To make sure they don’t fall down. 3．By making a wall. 4．A tornado can pick up anything./ It can break anything. 5．We can get out of its way.（答案不唯一） 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了洪水、地震、龙卷风、飓风这些自然现象的成因、危害以及人们面对它们时可以采取的应对措施。 1．根据“A flood comes when there is too much water on the land.”可知，洪水在陆地上有太多水的时候来临。故填When there’s too much water on the land. 2．根据“We cannot stop an earthquake from coming, but we can try to make our homes strong so that they do not fall down in an earthquake.”可知，我们努力让房子坚固是为了确保它们在地震中不会倒塌。故填To make sure they don’t fall down. 3．根据“We can try to stop the water by making a wall.”可知，我们可以通过筑墙来试图阻止水。故填By making a wall. 4．根据“A tornado can pick up anything. It can break anything that is on the way.”可知，龙卷风能卷起任何东西（或能摧毁路上的任何东西）。故填A tornado can pick up anything./ It can break anything. 5．根据“We cannot stop a tornado or a hurricane from coming, but we can get out of its way.”可知，面对龙卷风或飓风，我们可以避开它们。故填We can get out of its way.（答案不唯一） 话题2礼仪与习俗 （一） Some British people like to invite friends for a meal at home. You should not be sad if your English friends don’t invite you home. It doesn’t mean they don’t like you! Dinner parties usually start between 7 and 8 p.m. and end at about 11 p.m. Ask your hosts (主人) what time you should arrive. It’s polite to bring some flowers, chocolate or a bottle of wine (酒) as a gift. Usually dinners start with drinks. Do you want to be polite? Say how much you like the room or the pictures on the wall. But remember—it’s not polite to ask how much things cost. In many families, the husband sits at one end of the table and the wife sits at the other end. They eat with their guests. You’ll probably start the meal with soup or something small, and then you’ll have meat or fish with vegetables. Finally, you’ll have dessert. It’s polite to finish everything on your plate and take more if you want. Do you enjoy the evening? Call your hosts, or write them a short thank-you letter after that. British people like to say “Thank you” all the time. 1．When does the dinner parties usually start? 2．Where does the husband sit during the dinner? 3．What does the meal usually end with? 4．Is it polite to finish everything on your plate? 5．After dinner, what can you do to the hosts if you enjoy the evening? 【答案】1．Between 7 and 8 p.m. 2．The husband sits at one end of the table. 3．The meal usually ends with dessert. 4．Yes, it is. 5．You can call your hosts, or write them a short thank-you letter after that. 【解析】本文讲述的是在英国，如果你被邀请去参加晚宴，你应该注意的一些事情。 1．根据第二段中的“Dinner parties usually start between 7 and 8 p.m.”可知，晚宴通常在晚上7点到8点之间开始。故填Between 7 and 8 p.m. 2．根据第四段中的“In many families, the husband sits at one end of the table”可知，丈夫坐在桌子的一端。故填The husband sits at one end of the table. 3．根据第五段中的“Finally, you’ll have dessert.”可知，晚宴通常以甜点结束。故填The meal usually ends with dessert. 4．根据第五段中的“It’s polite to finish everything on your plate and take more if you want.”可知，此处为肯定回答。故填Yes, it is. 5．根据最后一段中的“Do you enjoy the evening? Call your hosts, or write them a short thank-you letter after that.”可知，晚饭后，如果你今晚过得愉快，之后你可以打电话给晚宴的主人，或者给他们写一封简短的感谢信。故填You can call your hosts, or write them a short thank-you letter after that. （二） Traveling to another country is exciting and fun. But if you don’t learn about local traditions, your trip may get into trouble. To help stop things like that, I list some cultural taboos (禁忌) in several countries. Let’s take a look and then you can have a great trip there. Mexico In Mexico, bringing an expensive gift to someone’s home is a no-no. It could be seen as a bribe (贿赂). For local people, some simple things like flowers are good gifts. But you shouldn’t take along red flowers, because in Mexican culture, they symbolize death and can be connected with witchcraft (巫术).   The US Americans have a tradition of tipping (给小费). You can tip waiters, taxi drivers, hotel doormen…nearly anyone with a service job. Pay attention when you talk with Americans. Questions like “How old are you?” may be common between friends. But as tourists in the US, it is not polite to ask people’s age. Britain British people are known for queuing (排队). From the supermarket to the underground, queues are very common in Britain. Usually, it takes a British person six months of their life in queues. If you jump the queue in Britain, you may make them angry. Japan You should never wear shoes indoors in Japan. When visiting someone’s home, it is rude to enter with shoes on. Shoes should be taken off at the door and replaced with indoor slippers (拖鞋). This is also the same when you try clothes on in a clothes shop. You should take off your shoes before going into the fitting room (试衣间). There are indoor shoes prepared for customers inside. 1．What are good gifts for local people in Mexico?   2．Why shouldn’t tourists ask people’s age in the US? 3．How long does it usually take a British person in queues?   4．What should you do before going into the fitting room in Japan?   5．What is the passage mainly about?   【答案】1．Some simple things like flowers, but red flowers shouldn’t be taken along. 2．Because it is not polite to ask people’s age in the US. 3．Six months./Half a year. 4．I should take off my shoes. 5．Some cultural taboos in several countries. 【解析】本文主要讲述了一些国家的文化禁忌。如果提前了解这些禁忌，旅行将会是惬意的。 1．由文中“For local people, some simple things like flowers are good gifts. But you shouldn’t take along red flowers...”可知，去墨西哥的当地人家中，像花这样简单的东西都是不错的礼物，但是不可以带红花，故填Some simple things like flowers, but red flowers shouldn’t be taken along. 2．由文中“But as tourists in the US, it is not polite to ask people’s age.”可知，在美国不应该问别人的年龄，因为这不礼貌，故填Because it is not polite to ask people’s age in the US. 3．由文中“Usually, it takes a British person six months of their life in queues”可知，此句是说一个英国人要花6个月的时间排队，故填Six months./Half a year. 4．由文中“You should take off your shoes before going into the fitting room (试衣间).”可知，在进入试衣间前需要脱鞋，故填I should take off my shoes. 5．本文主要讲述了一些国家的文化禁忌，故填Some cultural taboos in several countries. （三） Now, more and more foreigners are living in China. They are studying or working here. They love China very much, and are used to the daily life here. But sometimes they have problems. For example, some of them don’t know how to give gifts. There are some suggestions for them. It’s necessary to bring a gift. In China, it’s a traditional custom to bring a gift when you are invited to someone’s home. Usually fresh flowers and fruits are your best choices. The number “eight” is considered lucky, so eight apples or eight oranges are a good idea. You’d better wrap(包装) your gift. When you buy a gift, the seller usually helps you wrap the gift. Don’t be surprised if your gift is wrapped. Because wrapping paper can make your gifts look more beautiful. In China, people don’t open gifts at once. They usually do it in the evening or after you leave. Give something that can be shared. If you have some co-workers, don’t give gifts to only one person. You’d better treat them equally. It’s better to give something that can be shared, like food. 1．Do foreigners have problems when they live in China? 2．What is a traditional custom in China when you are invited to someone’s home? 3．When do people usually open gifts? 4．Why does the seller usually help you wrap the gift? 5．How should you give gifts if you have some co-workers there? 【答案】1．Yes (, they do). 2．To bring a gift. 3．In the evening or after you leave. 4．Because wrapping paper can make your gifts look more beautiful. 5．By giving something that can be shared, like food. 【解析】本文针对外国人不知道如何赠送礼物而提出了三点建议。 1．根据“But sometimes they have problems. For example, some of them don’t know how to give gifts”可知，他们会遇到一些问题，故填Yes (, they do). 2．根据“In China, it’s a traditional custom to bring a gift when you are invited to someone’s home”可知，在中国，当你被邀请去别人家的时候，带一份礼物是一个传统的习俗，故填To bring a gift. 3．根据“In China, people don’t open gifts at once. They usually do it in the evening or after you leave.”可知，通常在晚上或你离开时再打开礼物，故填In the evening or after you leave. 4．根据“Because wrapping paper can make your gifts look more beautiful”可知，因为包装纸可以让你的礼物看起来更漂亮，故填Because wrapping paper can make your gifts look more beautiful. 5．根据“ It’s better to give something that can be shared, like food.”可知，最好是提供一些可以分享的东西，比如食物，故填By giving something that can be shared, like food. （四） Different countries and different people have different manners. We must find out their customs so that they will not think us ill-mannered(没有礼貌的). Here are examples of the things that a person with good education does or does not do. If you visit a Chinese family, you should knock at the door first. When the door opens, you will not move before the host says “Come in, please.” After you come into the room, you would not sit down until the host asks you to take a seat. When a cup of tea is put on a table before you or sent to your hand, you will say “thank you” and receive it with two hands, not one hand or they will think you are ill-mannered. Before entering a house in Japan, it is a good manner to take off your shoes. In European countries, even though shoes sometimes become very dirty, this is not done. In a Malay house, a visitor never finishes the food on the table. He leaves a little to show that he has had enough. In England, a visitor always finishes the drink or the food to show he has enjoyed it. That will make the host pleasant. 1． Does the writer think it is necessary to know different customs in different countries? 2．When can you enter the room if you visit a friend in China? 3．What should you say when a cup of tea is sent to your hand? 4．In which country do you have to take off your shoes before entering a house? 5．Why does a visitor always finish the food at dinner in his friend’s home in England? 【答案】1．Yes, he does. 2．After the host says “Come in, please.”. 3．Thank you. 4．In Japan. 5．To show he has enjoyed it. 【解析】本文讲述的是不同的国家有不同的风俗。我们要了解不同国家的风俗以展示我们的礼貌，并列举了一些地区不同风俗习惯的例子。 1．根据文中的句子“We must find out their customs so that they will not think us ill-mannered(没有礼貌的)”可知，作者认为很有必要了解他们的风俗。故填Yes, he does。 2．根据文中的句子“When the door opens, you will not move before the host says “Come in, please.””可知，当主人说“请进”之后，才能进。故填After the host says “Come in, please.”。 3．根据文中的句子“When a cup of tea is put on a table before you or sent to your hand, you will say “thank you””可知，当一杯茶送到手中时，应该说“谢谢”。故填Thank you。 4．根据文中的句子“Before entering a house in Japan, it is a good manner to take off your shoes.”可知，在日本进屋之前脱鞋是有礼貌的。故填In Japan。 5．根据文中的句子“In England, a visitor always finishes the drink or the food to show he has enjoyed it.”可知，在英国拜访者喝完了饮料或者吃完了食物，说明他很享受。故填To show he has enjoyed it。 话题3文学名著 （一） The game Black Myth: Wukong is very popular. Students in Guangming Middle School are learning how it shows Chinese culture. Through online information, books, and documentaries (纪录片), they work in groups to study the game’s cultural meaning. Topic: The traditional Chinese culture in Black Myth: Wukong Driving (驱动) Question: How does Black Myth: Wukong show Chinese culture? Sub-question (子问题) 1: Who is the main character in Black Myth: Wukong and what spirit (精神) does he show in Chinese culture? Black Myth: Wukong comes from the famous Chinese novel Journey to the West. The main character Sun Wukong is a super hero in Chinese myths. He was brave enough to fight with bad people and overcame (克服) many difficulties on the journey, showing the spirit of fearlessness (无畏). Sub-question 2 : What traditional Chinese elements (元素) can be found in the game? In Black Myth: Wukong, you can see beautiful mountains, ancient buildings, kung fu moves, traditional music, and special clothes. All these elements make us proud of our rich Chinese culture. Sub-question 3: What places of interest in Shanxi are shown in the game? Black Myth: Wukong shows 36 real places in China, with 27 in Shanxi such as the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda and Foguang Temple which are rich in history and art. This helps people learn about Chinese culture and brings more visitors to Shanxi. 1．Who’s the main character of the Black Myth? 2．What spirit does Wukong have? 3．What Chinese elements can you find in the passage? 4．Which place of interest in Shanxi would you like to go most? 5．Make a trip plan to visit Shanxi with Wukong, including at least two pieces of information (places of interest, transportation, cities, and so on). 【答案】1．Wukong./Sun Wukong./Monkey King./The Monkey King. 2．Fearlessness. 3．Beautiful mountains, ancient buildings, kungfu moves, traditional music, and special clothes. 4．The Yingxian Wooden Pagoda./Foguang Temple. 5．I will take a train to Datong to visit the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda and Xuankong Temple. 【解析】本文介绍了游戏《黑神话：悟空》如何展现中国文化，包括主角精神、传统元素及山西景点。 1．Sub-question (子问题) 1下的第二段第二句“The main character Sun Wukong is a super hero in Chinese myths.”，《黑神话：悟空》的主要角色是“孙悟空”。可以直接提取答案，也可以使用相关同义表达。 2．Sub-question (子问题) 1下的第二段最后一句“...showing the spirit of fearlessness (无畏).”，悟空身上体现了“无畏”的精神。直接提取答案。 3．Sub-question 2下的第二段“In Black Myth: Wukong, you can see beautiful mountains, ancient buildings, kung fu moves, traditional music, and special clothes.”，你能找到美丽山川、古建筑、功夫招式、传统音乐和特色服饰这些中国元素。直接提取答案。 4．开放性回答，合理即可，可参考最后一段“...such as the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda and Foguang Temple...”回答。 5．开放性回答，合理即可，从“名胜古迹、交通、城市等等”中至少选两个回答，答案从交通、城市和名胜古迹三方面进行了回答。 （二） White Fang, the wolf cub (幼兽), was different from his brothers and sisters. They had reddish hair like their mother, the she-wolf, but he was grey like his father, One Eye. When his eyes were still closed, the grey cub knew his family by touch, taste, and smell. He spent much time sleeping in most of his first month, but as he grew, he stayed awake longer and he knew his small world. His world was the dark cave and nothing else. Soon he noticed one place was different—it was the mouth of the cave, where the light came in. The light attracted him. He always wanted to walk toward it, but his mother always hit him and drove him back. From this, the grey cub learned more about his mother. And he knew what hurt was. As time went by, the grey cub knew hunger. His mother’s milk was gone. He and his brothers and sisters grew weak and had to sleep while their father and mother were trying their best to hunt. Finally, when the grey cub woke up again, he found only one sister left. Soon, she died too. Later, after another time of hunger, his father stopped returning. The she-wolf followed his father’s path and saw signs of a great fight at the home of a lynx (猞猁). She knew One Eye lost there. After that, she stayed away from that area when hunting, for she knew the lynx also had babies and would fight hard to protect them. But the wild is the wild, and a mother will do anything for her young. The time would come when the she-wolf would go near the lynx’s home for her grey cub again. ——Taken from White Fang 1．What colour was White Fang? 2．Why did he want to go to the mouth of the cave? 3．How did his brothers and sisters die? 4．Where did One Eye lose? 5．Give an example that shows the “hurt” from your parent in your life. 【答案】1．He was grey./Grey. 2．Because the light attracted him. 3．They died of hunger./They were very hungry and died./They had no food to eat and died. 4．At the home of a lynx. 5．Dad made me practice the piano though I cried./Mom asked me to finish breakfast before going to school./Dad allows me to watch TV only after finishing homework./Dad woke me early, for morning runs together. 【解析】本文是一篇小说节选，讲述了狼崽White Fang的早期生活经历，包括其外貌、探索洞穴的尝试、兄弟姐妹的死亡以及父亲的遭遇。 1．根据文章第1段“but he was grey like his father, One Eye”可知，他像父亲独眼一样是灰色的。故填He was grey./Grey. 2．根据文章第3段“The light attracted him. He always wanted to walk toward it”可知，他想去洞穴的出口处是因为光线吸引了他。故填Because the light attracted him. 3．根据文章第4段“As time went by, the grey cub knew hunger. His mother’s milk was gone. He and his brothers and sisters grew weak and had to sleep… Soon, she died too”可知，随着时间的推移，这只灰白色的幼崽开始感到饥饿，母亲的乳汁已经用完了，他和兄弟姐妹们因虚弱而沉睡。后来她也死了。因此，他们是因为饥饿而死亡的。故填They died of hunger./They were very hungry and died./They had no food to eat and died. 4．根据文章第5段“saw signs of a great fight at the home of a lynx… One Eye lost there”可知，在猞猁的巢穴附近发现打斗痕迹，独眼在那里丧生。故填At the home of a lynx. 5．本题是开放性试题，答案不唯一，言之有理即可。故填Dad made me practice the piano though I cried./Mom asked me to finish breakfast before going to school./Dad allows me to watch TV only after finishing homework./Dad woke me early, for morning runs together. （三） With the help of Mary, his own cousin, Tom Sawyer became a different person. It was the first time for Tom Sawyer to dress up. Then, they went to the Sunday school. Tom Sawyer hated it because of the long school hours and church service. When the children came to the gate of the school, Tom Sawyer walked more slowly and asked another boy, “Bill, have you got a yellow ticket?” After they bargained (讨价还价) for a while, they reached a deal. Tom gave him a fishing hook and he got the yellow ticket from Bill. In the same way, he exchanged for some red tickets and some blue tickets. In this school, the teacher had set a rule to encourage the children to recite (背诵) the Bible: if he could recite two verses, the teacher would give him one blue ticket; ten blue tickets were equal to one red ticket; ten red tickets could be exchanged for a yellow ticket; if anyone could get ten yellow tickets, the teacher would give him or her a new Bible—the greatest honor for the children. So many children were busy reciting every day. So he thought of an easy way. He exchanged his small things for tickets in other children’s hands. In class, Tom Sawyer was playing with the boys around and the children began to talk noisily and even began to fight. Suddenly, the room turned silent because an old man—somebody important came into the room. Then it was the time to give prize to those children who had gotten ten yellow tickets. Nobody had enough tickets. When hope was dead, Tom Sawyer stood up with nine yellow tickets, nine red ones and ten blue ones. All the children looked at him with eagerness (渴望). Then, the children understood that they were all cheated by Tom Sawyer. The teacher didn’t believe Tom Sawyer could get so many tickets, but the number of tickets was exact. —Taken from the Adventures of Tom Sawyer 1．Who is Mary? 2．How did Tom Sawyer get a yellow ticket from Bill? 3．Why did the teacher set a rule about getting different colors of tickets? 4．How did all the other children feel when Tom Sawyer stood with so many tickets? 5．Do you think the prize would be given to Tom Sawyer? Why or why not? 【答案】1．Tom Sawyer’s own cousin. 2．By giving Bill a fishing hook. 3．To encourage the children to recite theBible. 4．They were eager. 5．No. The teacher might refuse because he cheated. 【解析】本文节选自《汤姆·索亚历险记》，主要讲述了汤姆通过交换物品获得票劵，最终赢得圣经的故事。 1．根据“With the help of Mary, his own cousin, Tom Sawyer became a different person.”可知，玛丽是汤姆的表姐。故填Tom Sawyer’s own cousin. 2．根据“Tom gave him a fishing hook and he got the yellow ticket from Bill.”可知，Tom通过物品交换获得了票。故填By giving Bill a fishing hook. 3．根据“In this school, the teacher had set a rule to encourage the children to recite (背诵) the Bible”可知，为了鼓励孩子们背诵圣经。故填To encourage the children to recite the Bible. 4．根据“All the children looked at him with eagerness (渴望).”可知，所有的孩子都满怀期待地看着他。故填They were eager. 5．开放性问题，言之有理即可。参考答案为：No. The teacher might refuse because he cheated. （四） Tom, Huck and Joe decided to run away from the town and become pirates (海盗), never to return. They left at midnight on a raft (筏) and finally landed on an island five kilometers south of their town. They took the old sail from the raft and made a tent. Then they let the raft go down the river. They built a fire and cooked some stolen food to eat, talking about the life of pirates. Slowly, they felt sleepy. Huck slept easily. Tom and Joe had more difficulty getting to sleep. Their consciences (良心) started to work. They began to fear that it was wrong to run away and worried that it was bad to steal. After they woke up the next morning, they played in the shallow, clear water. Then they caught some small fish and cooked these for breakfast. Later they went to explore the woods. When they got hungry, they went back to their camp, ate lots of cold ham, and then lay down in the shade to talk. They thought the new life was free and interesting. Suddenly, the boys heard a strange noise in the distance. Soon this sound became louder. “What is it?” asked Joe. “It isn’t thunder,” said Huck. “Let’s go and see.” They hurried to the shore (岸). A little ferry (渡船) full of people was about a kilometer below the village. There were lots of rowing boats moving around near the ferry. The boys couldn’t understand what they were doing. Some white steam (蒸汽) came from the ferry’s side and they heard that same sound again. “I know,” cried Tom. “Someone’s drowned (溺死)! They are searching for the dead body.” “That’s it,” said Huck. “They did this last summer when Bill Turner drowned. They send out some white steam over the water and that makes the body come to the top.” “I wonder who drowned,” said Huck. “It is us,” said Tom. —Adapted from The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 1．When did the boys leave their town? 2．Who found it difficult to get to sleep? 3．What did they think of the new life? 4．How did people search for the body of the drowned person? 5．Do you think Tom would go back home? Why or why not? 【答案】1．At midnight. 2．Tom and Joe. 3．It was free and interesting. 4．By sending out steam over the water. 5．Yes, because his conscience started to work. 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了汤姆、哈克和乔决定离家出走成为海盗，他们在岛上的一系列经历，包括搭建帐篷、做饭、探索树林，还误以为人们在寻找他们溺亡的尸体，展现了孩子们天真又充满冒险精神的一面。 1．根据 “They left at midnight on a raft (筏) and finally landed on an island five kilometers south of their town.” 可知，男孩们离开镇子的时间是午夜。故填At midnight. 2．根据 “Tom and Joe had more difficulty getting to sleep.” 可知，汤姆和乔入睡困难。故填Tom and Joe. 3．根据 “They thought the new life was free and interesting.” 可知，他们觉得新生活自由又有趣。故填It was free and interesting. 4．根据 “They send out some white steam (蒸汽) over the water and that makes the body come to the top.” 可知，人们通过在水面上释放蒸汽来寻找溺亡者的尸体。故填By sending out steam over the water. 5．本题为开放性问题，答案不唯一，结合文中 “Their consciences (良心) started to work. They began to fear that it was wrong to run away and worried that it was bad to steal.” 可合理推测汤姆可能会回家，因为他的良心开始发挥作用。参考答案为Yes, because his conscience started to work. 话题4志愿服务 （一） A notice in front of a restaurant has become famous on the Internet. It says, “If you’re hungry or living a hard life, come here and have a 15-yuan pig trotter (猪蹄) with rice. You can just leave after the meal. When you are better in the future, remember to help the people in need around you. Thank you!” The notice was written by Li Yuan, who started to offer the free meal after he opened his first restaurant in Shenzhen. The story behind Li’s notice started when he was only 16. He left home for work and came to a big city. At first, Li couldn’t find a job. He was all alone and had no money. One day, Li was tired and hungry. He asked several restaurants for a meal. Everyone said “NO” except the owner (主人) of a small restaurant. He offered Li a pig trotter with rice. It was not a big meal, but the best meal that Li had during the hard days. Now Li also teaches people to make pig trotters with rice. He hopes that more people can live a better life.“I may lose some money by giving free meals, but I don’t mind. I can get something priceless (无价的) in return. You share roses and get fun.” Li said. 1．Where did Li open his first restaurant? 2．What did Li do when he was tired and hungry? 3．Who offered Li a pig trotter with rice? 4．Why does Li teach people to make pig trotters with rice? 5．将短文中划线的句子翻译成中文。 【答案】1．He opened his first restaurant in Shenzhen. /In Shenzhen. 2．He asked several restaurants for a meal. 3．The owner of a small restaurant. 4．Because he hopes that more people can live a better life. 5．如果你饿了或生活艰苦，来这里吃一份15元的猪蹄米饭。(大致意思写出即可给分) 【解析】本文讲述了深圳餐厅老板李远推出免费猪蹄米饭，帮助困境中的人的善举，并介绍了他年少时受陌生餐馆老板帮助、如今传递爱心的故事。 1．根据原文第一段 “The notice was written by Li Yuan, who started to offer the free meal after he opened his first restaurant in Shenzhen.” 可知，李远的第一家餐厅开在深圳。 2．根据原文第二段 “One day, Li was tired and hungry. He asked several restaurants for a meal.” 可知，李远又累又饿时，向几家餐馆请求给一份饭吃。 3．根据原文第三段 “Everyone said ‘NO’ except the owner of a small restaurant. He offered Li a pig trotter with rice.” 可知，是一家小餐馆的老板给了李远一份猪蹄米饭。 4．根据原文第四段 “Now Li also teaches people to make pig trotters with rice. He hopes that more people can live a better life.” 可知，李远教别人做猪蹄米饭，是因为他希望更多人能过上更好的生活。 5．这是餐厅门口告示的内容，翻译时要兼顾原文的祈使语气与善意的表达，“living a hard life” 译为 “生活艰难”，“people in need” 译为 “需要帮助的人”，更符合中文表达习惯。因此本句可翻译为：如果你饿了或生活艰难，就来这里吃一份15元的猪蹄米饭。 （二） At 97, Ye Lianping has spent most of his life helping children learn. He is a kind teacher and a true hero in Bu Chen, Anhui. Ye stopped working in 1991, but he didn’t stop teaching. He started the Home for Left-Behind Children in 2000 to help children whose parents have to work far away in big cities. Ye gives free English lessons to these children and has helped over 2,000 of them. For 25 years, Ye has never asked his students to pay for their education, because he believes that learning should be free for everyone. To help his students, he buys books and pens for them. He even lets the children in need eat and live at his home. However, Ye lives a very simple life. His house is simple, built 30 years ago. He has even used the same cup for ten years. He doesn’t mind this because he cares more about the children than himself. In 2012, Ye took another step. He started the“Ye Lianping Scholarship Fund (叶连平奖学金)”with the government and Buchen School, which helps students pay for school. It has provided over 400,000 yuan for more than 400 students. Many of them have become teachers themselves. They remember Ye’s kindness and are now passing it on to their own students. Ye is racing against time. He wants to spend as much time as he possibly can on education. He teaches us that the best things in life come from giving, not taking. He has set an example to us all. 1．Why did Ye Lianping start the “Home for Left-Behind Children” in 2000? 2．What did Ye Lianping do to help his students besides giving free English lessons? 3．What can the “Ye Lianping Scholarship Fund” do for students? 4．Why do a lot of Ye Lianping’s students decide to be teachers when they grow up? 5．What truth can we learn from Ye Lianping’s experience? 【答案】1．He started it to help children whose parents have to work far away in big cities. 2．He buys books and pens for them and even lets the children in need eat and live at his home. 3．It can help students pay for school. 4．Because they never forget Ye’s kindness and hope to pass it on to their own students. 5．We can learn that the best things in life come from giving, not taking. 【解析】本文主要讲述了安徽卜陈的叶连平老师大半生致力于教育事业，他创办留守儿童之家，免费为留守儿童授课、资助困难学生，还设立了叶连平奖学金，用行动诠释了“人生最美好的事物来自给予，而非索取”的道理，是一位受人敬仰的良师与英雄。 1．第二段第2句直接给出了创办留守儿童之家的原因：“He started the Home for Left-Behind Children in 2000 to help children whose parents have to work far away in big cities.”，原文直接信息直接提取。 2．第三段第2、3句明确提到了除免费英语课外的帮助行为：“To help his students, he buys books and pens for them. He even lets the children in need eat and live at his home.”，原文直接信息直接提取。 3．第四段第2句明确说明了奖学金的作用：“He started the ‘Ye Lianping Scholarship Fund (叶连平奖学金)’with the government and Bu Chen School, which helps students pay for school.”，原文直接信息直接提取。 4．第四段第4、5句直接给出了学生成为老师的原因：“Many of them have become teachers themselves. They remember Ye’s kindness and are now passing it on to their own students.”，答案几乎是原文引述。 5．第五段第3句直接点明了从叶老师经历中学到的人生道理：“He teaches us that the best things in life come from giving, not taking.”，原文直接信息直接提取。 （三） In Portland, 16-year-old Carlos Mendez found that many kids in his neighborhood had broken bicycles lying in their garages (车库). Carlos, who had learned to repair (修理) bikes from his older brother, saw a chance to help. He had a free bicycle repair class in his family’s yard every Saturday afternoon. With tools given by a local bike shop and spare parts from old bicycles, Carlos taught kids how to repair bikes. Soon, his yard became a popular place to hang out on weekends. To help more people, Carlos saved money from his part-time job and bought a second-hand tricycle (三轮车). He turned it into a mobile repair station named “Rolling Wrenches”. Now, he rides his tricycle to different parks and community centers in the city, offering free simple repairs and safety checks (检查). Carlos’s project got bigger with the support of the community. A man called Jack heard about his work and helped him get some money to buy more tools to give away. His mobile workshop has repaired over 200 bicycles so far. Carlos believes that every kid should have a safe bike to ride, and he’s making that come true. 1．What problem did Carlos notice in his neighborhood? 2．Where did Carlos have his free bicycle repair class? 3．What is the name of his mobile repair station? 4．How did Jack support Carlos’s work? 5．Why does Carlos think his work is meaningful? 【答案】1．Many kids in his neighborhood had broken bicycles lying in their garages. 2．In his family’s yard. 3．Rolling Wrenches. 4．He helped Carlos get some money to buy more tools to give away. 5．Because he believes that every kid should have a safe bike to ride, and he’s making that come true. 【解析】本文主要讲述了16岁的Carlos Mendez注意到邻居家有很多坏掉的自行车，于是他开设免费的自行车修理课，并创建移动修理站，为孩子们提供免费修理和安全检查服务，他相信每个孩子都应该有一辆安全的自行车来骑。 1．第一段提到“In Portland, 16-year-old Carlos Mendez found that many kids in his neighborhood had broken bicycles lying in their garages (车库).”，说明Carlos注意到他的邻居家有很多坏掉的自行车被扔在车库里。 2．第二段提到“He had a free bicycle repair class in his family’s yard every Saturday afternoon.”，说明Carlos在他家的院子里开设免费的自行车修理课。 3．第三段提到“He turned it into a mobile repair station named ‘Rolling Wrenches’.”，说明他的移动修理站的名字是“Rolling Wrenches”。 4．第四段提到“A man called Jack heard about his work and helped him get some money to buy more tools to give away.”，说明Jack通过帮助Carlos筹集资金购买更多工具来支持他的工作。 5．最后一段提到“Carlos believes that every kid should have a safe bike to ride, and he’s making that come true.”，说明Carlos认为他的工作有意义是因为他相信每个孩子都应该有一辆安全的自行车来骑，并且他正在努力实现这一目标。 （四） My name is Ann. I worked as a volunteer in 2013 because I wanted to do something to help others. I called some charity shops to ask if they needed volunteers. Although I didn’t mind where I volunteered, I was glad that one of the Sue Ryder shops said yes. Sue Ryder was a charity very close to my heart because volunteers from Sue Ryder once cared for my dad in the hospital. Volunteering in the shop helped me know what shop work was like and I was surprised to find how much I really enjoyed doing it. I also found how important the public were. Lots of people gave us things they didn’t need for the shops to sell. In this way Sue Ryder raised money to care for people with life-changing illness. I always left the charity shop late because I knew how important the work of Sue Ryder was. Another thing I enjoyed about volunteering was talking with other volunteers in the shop. They were friendly and helpful. I really improved my teamwork skills by volunteering. I worked in the shop from late April to early August. I learned many things from it and I’m sure they will be useful in the future. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．Who once got help from Sue Ryder in Ann’s family? 2．Did Ann enjoy volunteering in the Sue Ryder charity shop? 3．What did Ann think of other volunteers in the Sue Ryder charity shop? 4．How long did Ann work in the Sue Ryder charity shop? 5．Besides enjoying the work, what other positive experience did Ann mention about volunteering? 【答案】1．Her dad. 2．Yes, she did. 3．Friendly and helpful. 4．More than three months. 5．She enjoyed talking with the other volunteers. 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了安在苏·赖德慈善商店做志愿者的经历与收获。 1．根据第一段“Sue Ryder was a charity very close to my heart because volunteers from Sue Ryder once cared for my dad in the hospital.”可知，安的爸爸曾经得到过苏·赖德的帮助。故填Her dad. 2．根据第二段“Volunteering in the shop helped me know what shop work was like and I was surprised to find how much I really enjoyed doing it.”可知，安确实很喜欢在这家慈善商店做志愿工作。故填Yes,she did. 3．根据第三段“Another thing I enjoyed about volunteering was talking with other volunteers in the shop. They were friendly and helpful.”可知，安认为其他志愿者既友好又乐于助人。故填Friendly and helpful. 4．根据第四段“I worked in the shop from late April to early August.”可知，安在这家慈善商店工作了三个多月。故填More than three months. 5．根据第三段“Another thing I enjoyed about volunteering was talking with other volunteers in the shop.”可知，除了享受工作，安还提到了喜欢和其他志愿者交流。故填She enjoyed talking with the other volunteers. 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $