专题08 短文首字母填空（江苏专用）2026年中考英语二模分类汇编

**基本信息** 聚焦初中英语短文首字母填空，汇编江苏多地二模试题，主题涵盖中华文化（葫芦、根雕）、环境保护（节水、食物浪费）、科技应用（数字复原历史、AI编程）等，实现文化传承与现实议题的有机融合。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |短文首字母填空|每篇10空，多主题汇编|词汇涵盖文化（hulu, intangible）、环保（desalination, fertilizer）、科技（VR, revolutionary）等；语法涉及动词、名词、形容词|情境真实（20元人民币渔夫、AI编程学生），梯度清晰（基础词汇如first到高阶如intangible），贴合二模备考需求|

专题08 短文首字母填空 参考答案 主题01 人与社会——中华文化 Passage 1： 1．first/irst 2．sounds/ounds 3．large/arge 4．high/igh 5．like/ike 6．stories/tories 7．said/aid 8．works/orks 9．As/s 10．well/ell Passage 2： 1．artists/rtists 2．easy/asy 3．After/fter 4．shape/hape 5．tools/ools 6．Finally/inally 7．used/sed 8．spread/pread 9．protect/rotect 10．Although/lthough Passage 3： 1．famous/amous 2．believe/elieve 3．spirit/pirit 4．still/till 5．around/round 6．considered/onsidered 7．appear/ppear 8．value/alue/values/alues 9．peace/eace 10．popular/opular 主题02 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1： 1．enough/nough 2．fresh/resh 3．energy/nergy 4．ways/ays 5．areas/reas 6．protect/rotect 7．plant/lant 8．save/ave 9．without/ithout 10．waste/aste Passage 2： 1．resources/esources 2．encouraged/ncouraged 3．check/heck 4．before/efore 5．friendly/riendly 6．cities/ities 7．develop/evelop 8．feed/eed 9．difference/ifference 10．planet/lanet 主题01 人与社会——中华文化 Passage 1： 1．falls/alls 2．ancient/ncient 3．closely/losely 4．temperature/emperature 5．from/rom 6．However/owever 7．growth/rowth 8．warm/arm 9．express/xpress 10．reminds/eminds Passage 2： 1．entertainment/ntertainment/enjoyable/njoyable 2．types/ypes 3．master/aster 4．behind/ehind 5．challenges/hallenges 6．ways/ays 7．apart/part 8．while/hile 9．for/or 10．future/uture Passage 3： 1．valuable/aluable 2．around/round 3．hand/and 4．creative/reative 5．Luckily/uckily 6．difficulties/ifficulties 7．interest/nterest 8．spread/pread 9．protect/rotect 10．meaningful/eaningful 主题02 人与自我——哲理感悟 Passage 1： 1．leads/eads 2．Find/ind 3．wrote/rote 4．list/ist 5．around/round 6．express/xpress 7．quietly/uietly 8．secret/ecret 9．including/ncluding 10．open/pen Passage 2： 1．Since/ince 2．digging/igging 3．suggested/uggested 4．lead/ead 5．afford/fford 6．Unlike/nlike 7．nodded/odded 8．useful/seful 9．expect/xpect 10．Father’s/ather’s Passage 3： 1．follow/ollow 2．horse/orse 3．asked/sked 4．truth/ruth 5．quiet/uiet 6．loudly/oudly 7．Since/ince 8．happy/appy 9．doubt/oubt 10．courage/ourage Passage 4： 1．appearance/ppearance 2．first/irst 3．part/art 4．back/ack 5．published/ublished 6．something/omething 7．another/nother 8．successful/uccessful 9．there/here 10．taught/aught/told/old 主题03 人与社会——科学技术 Passage 1： 1．possible/ossible 2．between/eween 3．order/rder 4．important/mportant 5．turned/urned 6．what/hat 7．based/ased 8．challenge/hallenge 9．learn/earn 10．experience/xperience Passage 2： 1．voice/oice 2．help/elp 3．through/hrough 4．believe/elieve 5．attention/ttention 6．fully/ully 7．problems/roblems 8．generation/eneration 9．change/hange 10．life/ife Passage 3： 1．possible/ossible 2．between/etween 3．order/rder 4．empty/mpty 5． turn/urn 6．what/hat 7．based/ased 8．challenge/hallenge 9．past/ast 10． feel/eel 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 短文首字母填空 主题01 人与社会——中华文化 Passage 1 （2026·江苏盐城市鹿鸣路初级中学·二模） In Chinese culture, the gourd, called “hulu”, is a special plant with a long history. At f 1 , people used gourds as tools for carrying water, storing food, and even making music. Later, gourds became popular in traditions and stories. The gourd looks simple, but it carries deep meanings. Its name “hulu” s 2 like “fulu” which means “good luck and wealth”. Because of this, it is seen as a symbol of happiness and success. Its many seeds (种子) stand for l 3 families with many children, and its round shape is connected with protection. Gourds play an important role in Chinese traditions and festivals. People hang gourds h 4 above the door so that they can drive away bad spirits. During festivals l 5 the Mid-autumn Festival, people display gourds to wish for family peace and plenty of food. The gourd also appears in old s 6 . For example, Li Tieguai, one of the Eight Immortals in the Chinese folk story “The Eight Immortals Cross the Sea” (《八仙过海》), often brought a gourd with him. It is s 7 that his gourd had magic medicine to keep people healthy and long-lived. Today, the gourd still holds its cultural meaning. Artists make creative w 8 of art that mix old skills with new styles, making the gourd meaningful in modern culture. A 9 more people pay attention to natural and healthy lifestyles, many use gourds as home decorations. People believe these gourds can truly bring them positive energy and improve their health as w 10 as happiness. From old stories to modern homes, the gourd continues to be part of Chinese life, showing how simple things can hold great power. 【答案】 1．first/irst 2．sounds/ounds 3．large/arge 4．high/igh 5．like/ike 6．stories/tories 7．said/aid 8．works/orks 9．As/s 10．well/ell 【导语】本文主要讲述了葫芦在中国文化中的历史、象征意义、传统用途及现代文化价值。 【详解】 1．句意：起初，人们把葫芦用作运水、储存食物甚至制作音乐的工具。根据后文“Later, gourds became popular in traditions and stories”并结合首字母f可知，固定搭配at first“起初”符合语境，表示葫芦用途的时间起点。 2．句意：它的名字“葫芦”听起来像“福禄”，意思是“好运和财富”。根据后文“which means ‘good luck and wealth’”以及首字母s可知，固定搭配sound like“听起来像”符合语境；主语“Its name”为单数，句子为一般现在时，动词用第三人称单数形式。 3．句意：它的许多种子代表多子女的大家庭，而它圆润的外形则与守护庇佑相关。根据后文“with many children”以及首字母l可知，形容词large“大的”符合语境，修饰名词families，表示“多子女的大家庭。 4．句意：人们把葫芦高高挂在门上，这样可以驱邪避凶。根据后文“above the door”以及首字母h可知，副词high“高高地”符合语境，修饰动词hang，表示“把葫芦高高挂在门上。 5．句意：在中秋节等节日期间，人们会摆放葫芦，祈求家庭和睦、衣食丰足。根据后文“the Mid-autumn Festival”以及首字母l可知，介词like“比如，像”符合语境，用于举例说明节日。 6．句意：葫芦也出现在古老的故事中。根据后文“For example, Li Tieguai, one of the Eight Immortals in the Chinese folk story ‘The Eight Immortals Cross the Sea’”以及首字母s可知，名词story“故事”符合语境，此处表示泛指，需用复数形式。 7．句意：据说他的葫芦里装着能让人健康长寿的仙药。根据后文“his gourd had magic medicine to keep people healthy and long-lived”以及首字母s可知，固定句型It is said that...“据说……”符合语境，用于引出传说内容。 8．句意：艺术家们创作了融合传统工艺与新风格的创意艺术作品，让葫芦在现代文化中依然富有内涵。根据后文“of art”以及首字母w可知，固定搭配works of art“艺术作品”符合语境，此处表示泛指，需用复数形式。 9．句意：随着越来越多的人关注自然健康的生活方式，许多人用葫芦作为家居装饰。根据后文“more people pay attention to natural and healthy lifestyles”以及首字母A可知，连词as“随着”符合语境，引导时间状语从句，句首首字母大写。 10．句意：人们相信这些葫芦真的能为他们带来正能量，改善健康，也带来幸福。根据前文“bring them positive energy and improve their health”和后文“happiness”以及首字母w可知，固定搭配as well as“以及，和……一起”符合语境，用于连接并列成分。 Passage 2 （2026·江苏盐城市康居路初中教育集团·二模） Root carving As a traditional Chinese art form, root carving (根雕) uses tree roots to make wonderful works, such as famous characters, animals and plants. This special form mixes the natural beauty of roots with the creative ideas of a 1 . It’s not e 2 to make root carving, because each step needs a high level of skill and attention. First, choose the right root, which is key to making wonderful works. Artists often spend much time looking for suitable roots. A 3 finding the root, they start to clear the dirt and prepare for carving. Next, design the piece. Artists need to study the root’s s 4 and think about how to change it. Then, they will use many t 5 , such as different knives and axes, to make the root lively. F 6 , polish and finish the piece. Thousands of years ago, root carving was first u 7 to decorate gardens of the rich. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, it s 8 from the rich to common people and became popular as a special art form. As an intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产), the government and museums use different ways to p 9 it, so it’s developing well today. A 10 root carving uses only tree roots as materials, it shows China’s special cultural and artistic values. Let’s take a moment to admire the beauty of this art! 【答案】 1．artists/rtists 2．easy/asy 3．After/fter 4．shape/hape 5．tools/ools 6．Finally/inally 7．used/sed 8．spread/pread 9．protect/rotect 10．Although/lthough 【导语】本文介绍了中国传统根雕艺术：它以天然树根为原料，融合自然美与创意，制作过程复杂且需精湛技艺。根雕历史悠久，从贵族花园装饰走向大众，如今作为非物质文化遗产得到保护，展现了中国独特的文化与艺术价值。 【详解】 1．句意：这种特殊形式将树根的自然美与艺术家的创意相结合。 首字母a，前文提到“This special form mixes the natural beauty of roots with the creative ideas ”根雕融合自然美与某种人的创造性想法，结合常识，根雕是艺术创作，因此填“artists”（艺术家），艺术家不止一个人，用复数形式，注意不能填“art”等名词，因为需要表示“人的创意”。 2．句意：制作根雕并不容易，因为每一步都需要高超的技巧和注意力。首字母e，后文说“because each step needs a high level of skill and attention”每一步都需要高超技巧，说明不容易，故填“easy”（容易的），与否定词“not”构成“不容易”。 3．句意：找到树根后，他们开始清理污垢并为雕刻做准备。首字母A，表示时间顺序：先找到根，然后清理。填“After”（在……之后），位于句首，首字母大写。 4．句意：艺术家需要研究树根的形状并思考如何改造它。首字母s，艺术家研究树根的什么？自然是外形、轮廓，填“shape”（形状），才能决定如何雕刻。 5．句意：然后，他们会使用许多工具，例如不同的刀和斧子，使树根变得生动。首字母t，后面举例knives和axes，这些都是工具，填“tools”（工具）。 6．句意：最后，打磨并完成作品。首字母F，描述制作流程的最后一步，填“Finally”（最后），位于句首，首字母大写。 7．句意：几千年前，根雕最初被用来装饰富人的花园。首字母u，搭配“was first…to do”，表示“被用于”，填“used”（使用），构成被动语态“was used”。 8．句意：在明清时期，它从富人传播到普通人，并作为一种特殊的艺术形式流行起来。首字母s，根雕从富人阶层传到百姓中，填“spread”（传播），过去式与原形相同。 9．句意：作为非物质文化遗产，政府和博物馆使用不同的方式来保护它。首字母p，对于非物质文化遗产，政府应采取措施“保护”，填“protect”（保护）。 10．句意：虽然根雕只使用树根作为材料，它展示了中国特殊的文化艺术价值。首字母A，前后句为让步关系，填“Although”（虽然，尽管），引导让步状语从句。位于句首，首字母大写。 Passage 3 （2026·江苏镇江市·二模） You may have seen this photo before: an old fisherman with a bamboo hat standing on a boat. This was how Huang Quande looked in his photos with visitors. He became f 1 and was among the most well-known characters of the Lijiang River in Guilin. Many people b 2 the fisherman on the back of the 20-yuan renminbi is based on his image (形象). Huang passed away at the age of 94 this year. Fisherman Huang’s life shows the true s 3 of the Lijiang River. He was a man full of kindness and energy. For example, in his nineties, Huang could s 4 row his boat. After becoming a photo model in 2008, he took photos with tourists a 5 the world. The picture is not just about one man, but c 6 as a special cultural symbol of the Lijiang River. In fact, the most beautiful landscapes in the country a 7 on the different backsides of the fifth series of renminbi. Moreover, they all carry their own cultural v 8 as well. For example, on the back of the 5-yuan banknote (钞票) is Taishan Mountain in Shandong Province. For thousands of years, many emperors would go there and pray (祈祷) for p 9 and good luck. The renminbi pictures have helped make the classic Chinese landscapes even more p 10 . Many love to find out where the pictures were taken. Pan Jinyu from Chongqing went on a “banknote tour” of China when he was 21 years old, enjoying all the sights that are on renminbi banknotes from 1 yuan to 100 yuan. “I want to finish this meaningful journey and feel the beauty of our country,” Pan said. 【答案】 1．famous/amous 2．believe/elieve 3．spirit/pirit 4．still/till 5．around/round 6．considered/onsidered 7．appear/ppear 8．value/alue/values/alues 9．peace/eace 10．popular/opular 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，以20元人民币背面漓江渔翁黄全德为切入点，介绍老渔翁的生平经历，延伸讲解第五套人民币背面各地标志性风光，以及票面景观承载的文化意义。 【详解】 1．句意：他变得出名，成为桂林漓江最有名的人物之一。根据后文well-known提示，此处表示“出名”，结合首字母f，famous“著名的”符合语境。become famous表示“变得有名”。 2．句意：很多人认为20元人民币背面的渔夫形象取材于他。空格后是完整宾语从句，结合首字母b，谓语动词believe“认为、相信”符合句意，句子是一般现在时，主语people为复数，用原形believe。 3．句意：黄渔翁的一生展现了漓江真正的精神内核。true修饰名词，spirit表示“精神、精髓”，贴合人物与江河的内涵，结合首字母s，spirit符合语境。 4．句意：举例来说，九十多岁高龄时，他仍旧可以独自划船。情态动词could后接动词原形，副词still表示“仍然”。 5．句意：2008年成为拍照模特后，他和世界各地的游客合影。around the world表示“全世界”，结合首字母a，around符合语境。 6．句意：这张照片不只代表一个人，还被视作漓江独特的文化符号。“as a special cultural symbol of the Lijiang River”提示是被视作漓江独特的文化符号，be considered as表示“被看作”，被动语态。 7．句意：事实上，国内诸多美景出现在第五套人民币不同面额的背面。“on the different backsides of the fifth series of renminbi”提示是美景出现在第五套人民币不同面额的背面，句子是一般现在时，主语landscapes为复数，appear on表示“呈现在……上”，用原形appear。 8．句意：除此之外，这些风景也各自承载着文化价值。“they all carry their own cultural”提示这些风景承载着文化价值，形容词cultural修饰名词，value表示“价值”，cultural value（单数不可数）泛指事物整体层面的文化价值；cultural values （复数可数）指代多样的文化内涵，value/values二者在语境中用法都成立。 9．句意：数千年来，历代帝王登临泰山，祈求平安顺遂、好运常伴。pray for peace表示“祈求平安”，和good luck并列，结合首字母p，peace符合语境。 10．句意：人民币上的图案让中国经典山水风光变得更加受欢迎。“The renminbi pictures have helped make the classic Chinese landscapes even more”提示人民币上的图案让中国经典山水风光变得更加受欢迎，make+宾语+形容词，popular意为“受欢迎的”，more popular构成比较级。 主题02 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （2026·江苏连云港市灌南县·二模） All living things need water to survive. But in some parts of the world, clean water is hard to find. People have to walk for hours to get e 1 water for drinking and cooking. Scientists are trying to help. They have created a special material that can take salt out of seawater. This is called desalination. It turns salty water into f 2 water. However, this process costs a lot of e 3 . It is not cheap for poor countries. So researchers are looking for new w 4 to make it more affordable. Another idea is to collect rainwater. In some dry a 5 like deserts, people build special tanks to store rainwater for the dry season. Plants can also help. Trees and grass can p 6 the soil from drying out too quickly. When we p 7 more trees, we keep more water in the ground. Every small action matters. Turning off the tap while brushing your teeth can s 8 litres of water every day. Fixing a dripping pipe also helps. If we all work together, we can make sure that no one has to live w 9 clean water. Remember, water is life, and we should never w 10 it. 【答案】 1．enough/nough 2．fresh/resh 3．energy/nergy 4．ways/ays 5．areas/reas 6．protect/rotect 7．plant/lant 8．save/ave 9．without/ithout 10．waste/aste 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了当前全球清洁水资源短缺的现状，介绍了海水淡化、收集雨水、植物储水等获取清洁水资源的方法，最后呼吁每个人从小事做起节约用水，共同解决缺水问题。 【详解】 1．句意：人们不得不步行数小时来获取供饮用和做饭的足够的水。前文提到清洁水资源很难获得，结合首字母e可知此处表示“足够的”，enough修饰名词water。 2．句意：它可以把咸水转化为淡水。前文提到这种特殊材料可以去除海水中的盐，结合首字母f可知，脱盐后得到的是可使用的淡水，fresh water意为“淡水”，符合语境。 3．句意：但是，海水淡化这个过程会消耗大量能源。后文提到对于贫穷国家来说这个方法并不便宜，结合首字母e可知，海水淡化需要消耗大量能源，energy表示“能源”，是不可数名词，可被a lot of修饰，符合语法和语境。 4．句意：因此研究人员正在寻找新方法让海水淡化更能被负担得起。前文提到传统海水淡化成本高，结合首字母w可知，研究者要寻找新的解决方法，new后接可数名词复数，因此用ways，表示“方法”。 5．句意：在一些像沙漠这样的干旱地区，人们建造特殊的储水罐来储存供旱季使用的雨水。空后举例沙漠这类区域，结合首字母a可知此处指干旱地区，some后接可数名词复数，因此用areas，表示“地区”。 6．句意：树木和草能够保护土壤，防止它过快变干。此处是固定搭配protect...from doing sth.，意为“保护……免受……”，结合首字母p和语境，树木和草可以保护土壤免于“过快变干”，情态动词can后接动词原形。 7．句意：当我们种植更多树，我们就能让地下保留更多水。结合前文提到树木保护土壤的作用，结合首字母p可知此处指种树，主句为一般现在时，从句也用一般现在时，主语是we，动词用原形plant，表示“种植”。 8．句意：刷牙的时候关掉水龙头，每天可以节约很多升水。本段介绍节约用水的小事，结合首字母s可知，关水龙头是节约水资源，情态动词can后接动词原形save，表示“节约”。 9．句意：如果我们共同努力，就能确保没有人不得不过没有清洁水的生活。结合全文解决缺水问题的主旨，结合首字母w可知此处表示“没有”，介词without修饰名词clean water，符合语境。 10．句意：记住，水就是生命，我们永远不应该浪费水。结合前文呼吁节约用水的内容，结合首字母w可知此处表示“浪费”，情态动词should后接动词原形waste，符合语境。 Passage 2 （2026·江苏连云港市赣榆城西中学·二模） In our daily life, we throw away lots of food waste. This is not only a waste of r 1 but also bad for the environment. To solve this problem, a group of students in Shanghai started a “Clean Plate” campaign. They e 2 students to take only the food they can finish in the school canteen. Every day, volunteers c 3 how much food is left on the plates. If a class wastes less than 5%, they get a “green star”. The campaign has worked very well. The total food waste has dropped by 40% in three months. One student said, “I used to take more than I needed. Now I think twice b 4 I fill my plate.” The school also set up a small garden where leftover fruit and vegetables are turned into fertilizer (肥料). This f 5 way to deal with waste helps plants grow better. Now, more schools in other c 6 have joined the campaign. The government encourages people to d 7 good habits of saving food. Experts say that if every person saves one spoon of rice each day, the total amount can f 8 millions of hungry people for a year. “Small actions can make a big d 9 ,” said the leader of the campaign. “We hope more young people will take part in protecting our p 10 .” 【答案】 1．resources/esources 2．encouraged/ncouraged 3．check/heck 4．before/efore 5．friendly/riendly 6．cities/ities 7．develop/evelop 8．feed/eed 9．difference/ifference 10．planet/lanet 【导语】本文介绍了“光盘行动”如何减少食物浪费并保护环境。 【详解】 1．句意：这不仅浪费资源，而且对环境有害。根据“In our daily life, we throw away lots of food waste.”和首字母“r”可知，此处表示“资源”，resource“资源”符合语境；resource为可数名词，此处应用复数形式resources表示泛指。 2．句意：他们鼓励学生在学校食堂只拿他们能吃完的食物。根据“students to take only the food they can finish”及首字母“e”可知，描述学生们发起行动后对他人的号召，encourage“鼓励”符合语境；结合“started”可知，使用一般过去时，因此动词应用过去式encouraged。 3．句意：每天，志愿者检查盘子里还剩多少食物。根据“how much food is left on the plates”及首字母“c”可知，描述志愿者统计食物浪费情况的具体工作，check“检查”符合语境；结合“Every day”可知句子为一般现在时，主语“volunteers”为复数，动词用原形。 4．句意：现在在盛饭之前我会三思。根据“I think twice”及“I fill my plate”和首字母“b”可知，此处表示“在……之前”，before“在……之前”符合语境。 5．句意：这种环保的处理废弃物的方法帮助植物长得更好。根据“helps plants grow better”及首字母“f”可知，描述将厨余转化为肥料的方式对环境友好，friendly“友好的”符合语境。 6．句意：现在，其他城市的更多学校也加入了这项活动。根据“more schools in other”及首字母“c”可知，表示该活动在更广范围内传播，city“城市”符合语境；other后接可数名词复数cities。 7．句意：政府鼓励人们养成节约粮食的好习惯。根据“good habits of saving food”及首字母“d”可知，此处表示“养成”，develop“形成；养成”符合语境；encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”，动词用原形。 8．句意：专家表示，如果每个人每天节约一勺米饭，总量足够养活数百万饥饿的人一年。根据“millions of hungry people”及首字母“f”可知，此处表示“养活”，feed“喂养”符合语境；情态动词can后接动词原形。 9．句意：“小行动可以产生大影响，”活动负责人说。根据“Small actions can make a big”及首字母“d”可知，此处表示“影响”，difference“差异；影响”符合语境；make a big difference“产生重大影响”为固定搭配。 10．句意：我们希望更多年轻人参与保护我们的地球。根据“protecting our”及首字母“p”可知，此处表示“星球”，planet“星球”呼应文章开头的环保主题。 主题01 人与社会——中华文化 Passage 1 （2026·江苏扬州市邗江区·二模） Xiaoman is the 8th solar term of the year. It f 1 in late May, usually between the 20th and 21st. Its Chinese name, literally meaning ”small fullness”, reflects the small but important changes in the natural world, carrying the wisdom of a 2 Chinese people. In northern China, Xiaoman is c 3 connected with wheat. As the t 4 rises gradually, the wheat grains become fuller day by day, but they are not fully ripe yet. Farmers here are busy with heavy farm work: they take measures to protect the wheat f 5 dry and strong winds and get ready for the coming harvest. H 6 , in southern China, Xiaoman always brings more rainfall. Rivers are fuller than usual, which is important for rice g 7 . Farmers take good care of their rice fields to make sure the soil stays wet. They also pick fresh and sweet fruits like mulberries during this period. Xiaoman also has warm traditions for people. To adapt to the w 8 weather, people eat bitter herbs to cool their bodies down. They also enjoy fresh fish from nearby rivers. Some villages even hold simple ceremonies to e 9 thanks to the Waterwheel God for bringing enough rain. These activities show people’s deep love and respect for nature. Xiaoman teaches us a simple but valuable lesson. An old Chinese saying goes, “The moon loses light when it is full; water runs over when a cup is too full.” It r 10 us to be happy with small achievements and keep a modest attitude. Just like the wheat waiting patiently to ripen, life is beautiful in its gentle “small fullness”. 【答案】 1．falls/alls 2．ancient/ncient 3．closely/losely 4．temperature/emperature 5．from/rom 6．However/owever 7．growth/rowth 8．warm/arm 9．express/xpress 10．reminds/eminds 【导语】本文主要介绍了二十四节气之一“小满”的时间、南北差异、传统习俗及其蕴含的人生哲理。 【详解】 1．句意：小满在五月下旬，通常在20日至21日之间。根据“Xiaoman is the 8th solar term... It f... in late May”可知，表示某个节日、节气或事件“发生在某一天或某个时间段”，英语中常用动词fall；主语It为第三人称单数，且描述客观事实用一般现在时，故填falls。 2．句意：其中文名称字面意思是“小满”，反映了自然界微小而重要的变化，承载着中国古代人民的智慧。根据“carrying the wisdom of a... Chinese people”及常识可知，二十四节气是中国古代劳动人民在长期农耕实践中总结出来的，此处应表示“古代的”中国人民，形容词ancient符合语境。 3．句意：在中国北方，小满与小麦紧密相关。下文具体描述了小满时节北方小麦的生长状况以及农民忙碌的农事活动。由此可见，小满与小麦之间存在着密不可分的关系。空处需要填入一个副词来修饰connected，表示“紧密地”相关，closely符合语境。 4．句意：随着气温逐渐升高，麦粒日渐饱满，但尚未完全成熟。根据“As the t... rises gradually”及下文描述小麦生长可知，此处指“气温”逐渐升高，名词temperature符合语境。 5．句意：农民们忙着繁重的农活：他们采取措施保护小麦免受干燥和强风的影响，并为即将到来的丰收做准备。后文提到干燥和强风是对小麦不利的因素，因此需要采取措施使小麦免受其影响，固定搭配“protect...from...”，表示“保护……免受……”，故填from。 6．句意：然而，在中国南方，小满总是带来更多的降雨。上文提到北方小满时节农民忙于保护小麦免受干热风的侵害，下文则说南方小满会带来更多降雨，南北形成对比关系，且空格后有逗号，首字母H提示However“然而”，符合语境。 7．句意：河流比平时更满，这对水稻生长很重要。根据上文“in southern China, Xiaoman always brings more rainfall. Rivers are fuller than usual”可知，小满带来的雨水使河流水位上涨，这有利于水稻的生长，名词growth表示“生长”，符合语境。 8．句意：为了适应温暖的天气，人们吃苦菜来给身体降火。根据下文“eat bitter herbs to cool their bodies down”可知，人们吃苦菜是为了降温，说明天气是“温暖的”，形容词warm符合语境。 9．句意：一些村庄甚至会举行简单的仪式，向水车神表达感谢，感谢他带来充足的雨水。村民举行仪式的目的就是向水车神“表达”感谢，以祈求风调雨顺，不定式符号to后接动词原形，固定搭配“express thanks to sb.”表示“向某人表达感谢”，express符合语境。 10．句意：它提醒我们要为小小的成就感到快乐，并保持谦虚的态度。上文引用了一句中国古话“月满则亏，水满则溢”，下文“It r... us to be happy with small achievements and keep a modest attitude”中，此处指这个道理对我们的提醒；remind sb. to do sth.表示“提醒某人做某事”，主语It为第三人称单数，描述客观事实用一般现在时，故填reminds。 Passage 2 （2026·江苏南京高淳武家嘴实验中学·二模） Chinese puppetry is one of the oldest forms of storytelling in the world. For over 2,000 years, puppeteers have used strings, rods, and even their hands to bring characters to life. This art form is not just e 1 for children — it often tells serious stories about history, love, and war. There are several t 2 of Chinese puppetry. The most famous is the string puppet (marionette), which uses up to 36 strings to control a single puppet’s movements. The puppeteer must practice for years to m 3 this skill. Another type is the shadow puppet, where flat leather figures are held b 4 a light screen. The audience sees only the shadows, which creates a magical effect. In recent years, traditional puppetry has faced c 5 . Fewer young people are learning the craft, and audiences are shrinking. However, some artists are finding w 6 to keep the art alive. They combine puppetry with modern technology like LED lights and digital projections. One group in Fujian even created a puppet show about space exploration — a 7 from the usual historical stories. “I believe puppetry can speak to modern audiences,” says Lin Wei, a 32-year-old puppeteer. “The key is to respect the tradition w 8 also being creative.” Lin’s troupe performs at schools and community centers, often f 9 free. “When I see children’s eyes light up during a show, I know this art still has a f 10 ,” he adds. 【答案】 1．entertainment/ntertainment/enjoyable/njoyable 2．types/ypes 3．master/aster 4．behind/ehind 5．challenges/hallenges 6．ways/ays 7．apart/part 8．while/hile 9．for/or 10．future/uture 【导语】本文介绍了中国木偶戏的悠久历史与主要类别，讲述了传统木偶戏如今遭遇传承难题，不少艺人通过融合现代科技、创新剧目题材、深入基层演出等方式守护这项古老技艺，并表达了人们对木偶戏长远发展的信心。 【详解】 1．句意：这种艺术形式不只是供孩子们娱乐的/让孩子们感到愉快，它还常常讲述关于历史、爱情与战争的严肃故事。该处需一个名词或形容词，在句中作表语；后文提到木偶戏也会讲述严肃故事，说明它不只有娱乐属性或让孩子愉快。结合首字母“e”，应填entertainment/enjoyable。 2．句意：中国木偶戏有好几种类型。该处需一个可数名词复数，在句中作主语；后文依次介绍了提线木偶、皮影戏等不同品类，提示语义与“种类”相关；several表示“数个”，其后必须接可数名词复数。结合首字母“t”，应填types。 3．句意：木偶艺人必须练习多年才能掌握这项技艺。该处需一个动词原形，在不定式结构中作目的状语；前文提到操控木偶动作难度很高，需要长期练习，提示语义与“精通、掌握”技能相关；不定式符号to后要求使用动词原形。结合首字母“m”，应填master。 4．句意：还有一种是皮影戏，扁平的皮制人偶被放置在灯幕后方。该处需一个介词，和后面名词短语共同作地点状语；结合皮影戏的表演常识，人偶处于幕布后方才能投射出影子，提示语义与方位有关。结合首字母“b”，应填behind。 5．句意：近年来，传统木偶戏面临着诸多挑战。该处需一个可数名词复数，在句中作宾语；后文提到学习这门手艺的年轻人减少、观众不断流失，说明行业陷入困境；face challenges是固定搭配，意为“面临挑战”。结合首字母“c”，应填challenges。 6．句意：然而，一些艺人正在想办法让这门古老艺术延续下去。该处需一个可数名词复数，在句中作宾语；前文指出木偶戏发展遇阻，此处转折表示艺人积极寻找解决办法；find ways to do sth为固定搭配，意为“想方设法做某事”。结合首字母“w”，应填ways。 7．句意：福建有一个剧团甚至编排了太空探索主题的木偶剧，和传统的历史故事截然不同。该处需一个副词，用于构成固定短语；前文介绍全新的表演主题，和传统剧目形成反差；apart from是固定短语，意为“不同于、除……之外”。结合首字母“a”，应填apart。 8．句意：关键是在尊重传统的同时，也要勇于创新。该处需一个连词，引导伴随状语；句子表达要兼顾传统与创新，强调两种行为同步进行；while + 现在分词是常用结构，可表示 “与此同时”。结合首字母“w”，应填while。 9．句意：林的团队会在学校和社区中心进行表演，而且通常都是免费的。该处需一个介词，构成短语“for free”表示“免费”；上文提到“演出”，下文“for free”提示语义与“为了”相关；结合首字母“f”，应填for。 10．句意：当我看到孩子们在演出中眼里放光时，我就知道这门艺术依旧拥有未来。该处需一个可数名词单数，在句中作宾语；前文讲述艺人努力传承木偶戏，此处表达对这门艺术的美好期许，语义与 “前景、未来” 相关；不定冠词a后要求使用可数名词单数。结合首字 “f”，应填future。 Passage 3 （2026·江苏连云港市·二模） Protect Our Intangible Cultural Heritage (非物质文化遗产) China has a long history and rich traditional culture. Intangible cultural heritage is an important part of it. It keeps the good spirit and great wisdom of our country, and it is really v 1 for every Chinese. There are many kinds of intangible cultural heritage a 2 us. Paper cutting, Chinese opera, folk music and dragon dances are all common and popular. They are bright and beautiful, and they bring us warmth and hope during important festivals. Most of them are made by h 3 , with great care and hard work. These traditional skills are passed down from generation to generation. Smart and c 4 old masters learn and practise carefully. Now some of these traditional skills are in great danger. Few young people know about them or want to learn them. L 5 , many great masters try their best to keep the skills alive. They practise every day, face d 6 bravely and never give up. They also teach young people and help them fall in love with traditional culture. Today, more and more young people show great i 7 in intangible cultural heritage. They learn to make paper-cuts, enjoy opera shows and tie beautiful Chinese knots. They take pride in our traditional culture and try to s 8 it to the world. As middle school students, we also should do something to help. Intangible cultural heritage is not only old stories, but also living culture. It helps us know who we are and where we come from. We must p 9 it well and pass it on. It is important for us to make our culture more colourful and m 10 . 【答案】 1．valuable/aluable 2．around/round 3．hand/and 4．creative/reative 5．Luckily/uckily 6．difficulties/ifficulties 7．interest/nterest 8．spread/pread 9．protect/rotect 10．meaningful/eaningful 【导语】本文介绍了中国非物质文化遗产的重要性、种类、传承现状以及年轻人应如何保护与传播这些文化遗产。 【详解】 1．句意：它传承着我们国家美好的精神和伟大的智慧，对每个中国人来说都非常有价值。系动词“is”后需填形容词作表语，首字母v对应形容词valuable，表示“有价值的”。 2．句意：我们身边有许多种非物质文化遗产。根据句意及首字母a提示，需填副词或介词表示“在周围”，固定短语“around us”意为“在我们周围”，故填around。 3．句意：它们大多是人手制作的，花费了大量的心血和努力。根据首字母h及上文“made by”，固定短语“by hand”意为“手工地”，故填hand。 4．句意：聪明且富有创造力的老艺人们认真地学习和实践。并列连词“and”连接形容词“smart”和空格，此处需填形容词修饰“old masters”，首字母c对应形容词creative，表示“富有创造力的”。 5．句意：幸运的是，许多大师竭尽全力让这些技艺得以传承。根据首字母L及下文“many great masters try their best”，副词修饰整个句子，表示“幸运的是”，位于句首首字母需大写，故填Luckily。 6．句意：他们每天练习，勇敢地面对困难，从不放弃。动词“face”后需填名词作宾语，表示“困难”，根据句意需用复数形式，首字母d对应复数名词difficulties，故填difficulties。 7．句意：如今，越来越多的年轻人对非物质文化遗产表现出极大的兴趣。固定短语“show great interest in”意为“对……表现出极大的兴趣”，形容词“great”后需填名词，首字母i对应名词interest，故填interest。 8．句意：他们为我们的传统文化感到自豪，并努力将其传播到全世界。固定结构“try to do”意为“努力做某事”，后接动词原形，首字母s对应动词spread，表示“传播”，故填spread。 9．句意：我们必须好好地保护它并传承下去。情态动词“must”后需填动词原形，首字母p对应动词protect，表示“保护”，故填protect。 10．句意：让我们的文化更加丰富多彩、更有意义对我们来说非常重要。并列连词“and”连接形容词“colourful”和空格，固定结构“make sth. + adj.”意为“使某物变得……”，此处需填形容词，首字母m对应形容词meaningful，表示“有意义的”，故填meaningful。 主题02 人与自我——哲理感悟 Passage 1 （2026·江苏南京市玄武区·二模） Every night before bed, I write down three things I’m grateful for in a small green notebook. My English teacher, Mrs. Chen, taught me this. She not only teaches us knowledge from textbooks, but also l 1 us to find beauty and warmth in life. At first, I thought it was a silly task. “F 2 three good things every day,” she said. “They don’t have to be big.” The first few days were hard. I w 3 things like “lunch was okay” and “no homework in math.” But slowly, something changed. I started noticing small kindnesses I had never noticed before. Yesterday’s l 4 looked like this: 1. The soft sunshine warmed my face on the way to school. It pushed against the cold wind, lit up the road, and made the whole morning bright and gentle. Such small beauty a 5 me makes every simple day warm. 2. My English textbook stays with me every day. It brings me useful words and knowledge, teaches me to e 6 my feelings clearly, and grows up with me. I am truly thankful for it. 3. My best friend didn’t ask why I was quiet at lunch. She just sat q 7 beside me and shared funny cat videos on her phone. Her silent company (陪伴) made me feel relaxed and warm in my heart. The strange thing is, the more I write in this notebook, the fuller my life feels. It is like I have discovered a s 8 : gratitude is not about waiting for big, perfect moments. It is about seeing clearly what’s already there, i 9 the quiet help from textbooks and careful teaching from teachers. Tonight, when I o 10 my green notebook, I’ll write about Mrs. Chen. Because of her, I learned how to say thank you to the world — even on simple days. 【答案】 1．leads/eads 2．Find/ind 3．wrote/rote 4．list/ist 5．around/round 6．express/xpress 7．quietly/uietly 8．secret/ecret 9．including/ncluding 10．open/pen 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在英语老师Mrs. Chen的引导下，养成每晚记录三件感恩之事的习惯，从而学会发现生活中的美好与温暖。 【详解】 1．句意：她不仅教我们课本知识，还引导我们发现生活中的美好与温暖。固定搭配lead sb. to do sth.意为“引导某人做某事”。主语“She”为第三人称单数，时态为一般现在时，首字母l对应leads。 2．句意：每天找到三件好事，她说。此处为祈使句，需用动词原形开头。后文“three good things every day”及首字母F提示填Find。 3．句意：我写下诸如“午餐还不错”和“没有数学作业”之类的事情。前文提到“write down three things”，时态为一般过去时，首字母w对应wrote。 4．句意：昨天的清单看起来是这样的。后文列举了三个具体事项，表明这是一份记录清单，首字母l对应list。 5．句意：这样围绕着我的微小美好让每个平凡的日子都变得温暖。固定搭配around me意为“在我周围”，首字母a对应around。 6．句意：它带给我有用的单词和知识，教会我清晰地表达自己的情感。结构“teach sb. to do sth.”后接动词原形，“feelings clearly”提示需填入表示“表达"的动词，首字母e对应express。 7．句意：她只是安静地坐在我旁边，在手机上分享有趣的猫咪视频。此处需副词修饰动词“sat”，后文“Her silent company”提示安静的状态，首字母q对应quietly。 8．句意：就像我发现了一个秘密：感恩不是等待完美的大时刻。冒号后内容揭示了一个道理，首字母s对应secret。 9．句意：而是清楚地看到已经存在的东西，包括课本中默默的帮助和老师细心的教导。此处需介词引出具体内容，首字母i对应including。 10．句意：今晚，当我打开我的绿色笔记本时，我会写下关于Mrs. Chen的事。时间状语“Tonight”及“write about”提示动作发生在打开笔记本之后，首字母o对应open。 Passage 2 （2026·江苏扬州树人学校·二模） At the back of our house, there was a small piece of unused land. “It’s a pity to let it go to waste like that,” Mother said “S 1 you all enjoy eating peanuts, let’s make it a peanut field.” My brother, sister and I were all excited. We began buying seeds, d 2 up the ground and watering the plants. In a couple of months, we had a harvest! “Let’s have a party tonight to celebrate,” Mother s 3 . She cooked the peanuts in a few different ways and told us to go to the garden for the celebration. “Who can tell me what peanuts are good for?” Father asked. “They’re delicious to eat,” my sister took the l 1 . “They’re good for making oil,” my brother followed. “They’re cheap,” I said. “Almost everyone can a 1 to buy peanuts and most people like eating them. “Peanuts are good for many things,” Father said, “but still there’s one special thing about them. U 1 apples and peaches that show their fruits in the air and attract people with their beautiful colours, the peanut plant hides its fruits in the earth. Until you dig it out, you can’t tell by looking at its thin stem whether it bears fruit or not.” “That’s true,” we all said. Mother n 2 too. “Trying to be like the peanut is a good idea.” Father went on, “It’s useful, though not very attractive.” “Do you mean,” l asked, “compared with being u 3 , looking for attention and praise from others is not that important?” “Yes,” Father said. “This is what I mean. And this is what I e 4 of you.” We stayed up late that night and ate all the peanuts Mother had cooked for us. But F 5 words remain clear in my memory to this day. 【答案】 1．Since/ince 2．digging/igging 3．suggested/uggested 4．lead/ead 5．afford/fford 6．Unlike/nlike 7．nodded/odded 8．useful/seful 9．expect/xpect 10．Father’s/ather’s 【导语】本文改编自中国现代作家许地山的散文《落花生》，主要讲述了作者一家人种花生、收花生以及在庆祝丰收时谈论花生好处的故事，通过父亲的话揭示了做人要像花生一样，虽然外表不起眼，但要对社会有用的深刻道理。 【详解】 1．句意：“就那么荒着太可惜了，”母亲说，“既然你们都喜欢吃花生，我们就把那块地变成花生田吧。”上文母亲说“把地荒着太可惜了”，接着用“S… you all enjoy eating peanuts”说明把地变成花生田的理由。“Since”意为“既然”，引导原因状语从句，表示显而易见的原因，符合母亲说话的逻辑。 2．句意：我们开始买种子、翻土、浇水。上文提到“我们都非常兴奋”，接着描述种花生的过程。空格处与“buying seeds”“watering the plants”并列，都是开始做的动作。“dig up the ground”意为“翻地、挖地”，动名词digging符合语境。 3．句意：“我们今晚开个庆祝会吧，”母亲建议道。上文提到“我们收获了！”，母亲接着说“Let’s have a party tonight to celebrate”，这是一个提出建议的句子。空格处需要填一个表示“建议”含义的动词。suggest意为“建议”，此处描述过去的动作，用一般过去时，过去式suggested符合语境。 4．句意：“花生很好吃，”姐姐率先说道。父亲提出问题“谁能告诉我花生有什么好处？”，接着“my sister took the l…”表示姐姐是第一个回答的人。“take the lead”为固定搭配，意为“带头、领先”，此处指姐姐第一个发言。 5．句意：“它们很便宜，”我说，“几乎每个人都买得起花生，而且大多数人都喜欢吃。”上文“我”说花生便宜，空格处“Almost everyone can a… to buy peanuts”进一步解释：几乎每个人都买得起；情态动词can后用动词原形。afford“买得起、负担得起”符合语境。 6．句意：不像苹果和桃子那样把果实挂在空中，用美丽的颜色吸引人，花生这种植物把果实藏在地下。父亲在说明花生“特别的地方”，将花生与苹果、桃子进行对比，苹果、桃子的果实显露在外，花生的果实则埋在地下。“unlike”意为“不像”，用于表示对比，符合语境，句首单词首字母要大写。 7．句意：母亲也点了点头。上文我们都说“确实如此”，接着“Mother n… too”表示母亲也同意大家的说法。“nod”意为“点头”，表示同意或认可。整个故事为一般过去时，故此处用nod的过去式nodded。 8．句意：我问：“您的意思是，比起有用，博取他人的关注和赞扬并不那么重要吗？”上文父亲说花生“It‘s useful, though not very attractive.”，父亲认为花生实用但不张扬，因此“我”的理解是：与“有用”相比，博取他人的关注和赞扬其实并没有那么重要。useful“有用的”符合语境。 9．句意：“是的，”父亲说，“这就是我的意思。这也是我对你们的期望。”父亲在说完“这就是我的意思”之后，补充道“这就是我对你们的……”；expect意为“期望”，符合“父亲期望孩子们像花生一样朴实、有用”的语境，此处句子是一般现在时，主语是I，故expect用原形。 10．句意：但父亲的话至今仍清晰地留在我的记忆里。上文说“那天晚上我们很晚才睡，吃完了母亲为我们做的所有花生”，接着用“But”转折，强调父亲的话一直记得。“F… words”指“父亲的话”，需要用所有格形式father’s。句首单词首字母要大写，故填Father’s。 Passage 3 （2026·江苏盐城市大丰区·二模） During the Qin Dynasty, an official named Zhao Gao controlled the court (朝廷). To make other officials f 1 him, he came up with an idea. One day, he brought a deer to the emperor. He said, “Your Majesty, this is a great h 2 . And it can run a thousand li in one day.” The emperor laughed, “That’s clearly a deer, not a horse!” But Zhao said, “It’s truly a horse. Why do you see a deer?” The emperor was confused (困惑的) and a 3 the other officials. They were scared. If they told the t 4 , they might make Zhao angry. If they lied, they would fool the emperor. As a result, they kept q 5 . Zhao looked at them and asked l 6 , “Look at its round body, thin legs, pointed ears and thick tail. Isn’t this a horse?” S 7 the officials were too afraid to disagree with him, most of them said it was a horse. Zhao was very h 8 . However, the emperor was completely confused and began to d 9 himself. After this, Zhao had even more control over the court. No one had the c 10 to speak against him. Not long after, the Qin Dynasty was over. The story reminds us to always speak honestly and think for ourselves. When people are too scared to be honest, terrible things can happen. 【答案】 1．follow/ollow 2．horse/orse 3．asked/sked 4．truth/ruth 5．quiet/uiet 6．loudly/oudly 7．Since/ince 8．happy/appy 9．doubt/oubt 10．courage/ourage 【导语】本文主要讲述了“指鹿为马”的典故，告诫人们要诚实、独立思考，恐惧和盲从会导致严重的后果。 【详解】 1．句意：为了让其他官员听从他，他想出了一个主意。固定结构make sb. do sth.（使/让某人做某事），空格填动词原形。结合历史背景以及首字母提示可知，赵高想让百官顺从自己，follow sb.表示“听从、追随某人”。 2．句意：他说：“陛下，这是一匹良马，可以日行千里。”根据后文皇帝反驳“That’s clearly a deer, not a horse（这明明是鹿，不是马）”以及首字提示可知，此处赵高故意把鹿说成马，填horse“马”。 3．句意：皇帝十分困惑，便询问其他大臣。整篇故事以一般过去时叙事，谓语动词用过去式。结合语境以及首字提示可知，皇帝疑惑不解，于是询问在场官员，ask“询问”的过去式为asked。 4．句意：如果他们说出真相，就可能惹怒赵高。根据首字母提示以及固定搭配tell the truth意为“说实话、道出真相”可知，定冠词the后接名词truth“真相”。 5．句意：于是，他们都保持沉默。根据首字母提示可知，此处应为keep quiet意为“保持安静、闭口不言”，固定搭配。官员左右为难，所以不敢说话，填形容词quiet“安静”。 6．句意：赵高看着众人，大声地问道：“你们看它圆圆的身子、细细的腿、尖尖的耳朵、厚厚的尾巴，这难道不是一匹马吗？”此处修饰动词asked，需要用副词。结合语境以及首字母提示可知，赵高故意大声施压，loudly“大声地”符合句意。 7．句意：由于官员们都惧怕他、不敢反驳，大多数人都说这是一匹马。结合语境以及首字母提示可知此处应用连词引导原因状语从句，since意为 “由于、既然”，句首单词首字母大写。 8．句意：赵高十分开心。根据上下文语境以及首字母提示可知，百官都顺着他说谎，目的达成，所以赵高很高兴，形容词happy“高兴的”作表语。 9．句意：而皇帝彻底糊涂了，开始怀疑自己。begin to do sth.后接动词原形。根据上下文语境以及首字母提示可知，众人说法不一，皇帝分不清对错，开始怀疑自己的判断，doubt“怀疑”符合语境。 10．句意：没有人有勇气反对他。定冠词the后接名词。根据上下文语境以及首字母提示可知，此处表示“没有勇气”，have the courage to do sth.“有勇气做某事”，为固定搭配。 Passage 4 （2026·江苏扬州市京华梅岭中学·二模） You may know the saying “Don’t judge a book by its cover.” It means you shouldn’t judge the worth or value of something by its a 1 alone. But the saying doesn’t tell the whole story. I agree that you shouldn’t judge a book only by its cover. But please don’t miss the cover either. The cover is the f 2 thing you see. Everything on the cover, front and back, is purposefully designed to make you want to buy and read the book. The cover is only part of the book, but it’s an important p 3 . The cover tells you the title and the writer’s name. Sometimes that’s enough to make you pick it up. On the b 4 , you can find a short summary (总结) of the story, and maybe some reviews. The picture, colors, and fonts (字体) also give you an idea of what the book is about. As a writer, I know how important a good cover is. Several years ago, I p 5 a book called “Under the Almond Trees”. I asked a cover designer to use an old photo as the model for the cover. I wanted color rather than black and white, though. I was very happy with the result. But later, I realized s 6 was missing. I liked the blue sky, the flowers on the trees and the color of the font, but the feel just didn’t scream, “Pick me up!” So I asked a 7 designer to do it again. I remember telling her that I liked the design, but something was off. Her new design was s 8 . The almond trees, the blue sky and flowers were still t 9 . But the colors and fonts were better. It was nothing I could have described, but the new cover was a success. It was even chosen as a finalist in a cover design competition! So whether you are t 10 to judge a book by its cover or not, I know such judging happens. Readers decide whether to pick up a book or not based on the cover information. As a result, it’s important to remember that the cover matters. 【答案】 1．appearance/ppearance 2．first/irst 3．part/art 4．back/ack 5．published/ublished 6．something/omething 7．another/nother 8．successful/uccessful 9．there/here 10．taught/aught/told/old 【导语】本文围绕“不要以貌取人”这一俗语展开，作者通过自身出版书籍设计封面的亲身经历，说明封面虽不能代表书的全部价值，但封面设计同样重要，不可忽视。 【详解】 1．句意：它的意思是你不应该仅凭外表来判断某物的价值。该处需一个名词，在句中作介词“by”的宾语。前文提到“Don’t judge a book by its cover”，即不要凭封面判断，此处说明不应仅凭“外表”来判断。结合首字母“a”，应填appearance。 2．句意：封面是你看到的第一个东西。该处需一个序数词，在句中作定语修饰名词“thing”。根据语境，拿起一本书时首先看到的就是封面，强调“第一”。结合首字母“f”，应填first。 3．句意：封面只是书的一部分，但它是重要的一部分。该处需一个名词，在句中作表语，前有不定冠词“an”和形容词“important”修饰。前文已提到“The cover is only part of the book”，此处再次强调封面是重要的“部分”。结合首字母“p”，应填part。 4．句意：在背面，你可以找到故事的简短总结，也许还有一些评论。该处需一个名词，在句中作介词“On”的宾语。前文提到“front and back”，前文说了正面（front），此处自然是“背面”。结合首字母“b”，应填back。 5．句意：几年前，我出版了一本名为《杏仁树下》的书。该处需一个动词，在句中作谓语，主语是“I”。根据时间状语“Several years ago”可知应用一般过去时。作者作为写书人，自然是“出版”了一本书。结合首字母“p”，应填published。 6．句意：但后来，我意识到有些东西缺失了。该处需一个代词，在句中作主语。根据后文“I liked the blue sky, the flowers on the trees and the color of the font, but the feel just didn’t scream...”可知作者觉得缺少了某种东西，但又说不清楚。结合首字母“s”，应填something。 7．句意：所以我请另一位设计师重新做。该处需一个形容词，在句中作定语修饰名词“designer”。前文已有一位设计师做了封面，但效果不理想，因此请“另一位”设计师重做。结合首字母“a”，应填another。 8．句意：她的新设计是成功的。该处需一个形容词，在句中作表语。根据后文“The almond trees, the blue sky and flowers were still there. But the colors and fonts were better.”以及“the new cover was a success”可知，新设计取得了成功。结合首字母“s”，应填successful。 9．句意：杏仁树、蓝天和花朵仍然在那里。该处需一个副词，在句中作表语。根据语境，新设计保留了原来的元素（杏仁树、蓝天、花朵），即它们“仍然在那里”。结合首字母“t”，应填there。 10．句意：所以无论你是否被教导不要以貌取人，我知道这样的判断确实会发生。该处需一个动词的过去分词，构成被动语态“are + 过去分词”。根据语境，人们从小被“教导/告知”不要以貌取人。结合首字母“t”，可填taught（被教导）或told（被告知）。应填taught/told。 主题03 人与社会——科学技术 Passage 1 （2026·江苏南京市东屏中学·二模） A trip back in time to the Tang Dynasty, once only a dream, is now within reach. In Xi'an, China, digital technology is making this kind of “time travel” p 1 —it’s making old things, places and even people from the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD) come alive. This amazing project is from teamwork b 2 a tech company and historians from Shaanxi Normal University. The team uses digital technology to collect information from old books and archaeological finds. Also, they put them in o 3 to create realistic 3D models. The company's CEO, Li Wei, showed how amazing the technology is. He made a digital avatar of Li Bai, the famous Tang Dynasty poet. Li Bai’s poems and many facts of life in Tang times were written in thousands of ancient books. These books are very valuable—they filled an i 4 gap in history and told us what life was like for ordinary people in the Tang Dynasty. Now, the digital Li Bai is a guide at the Xi’an Museum. The museum opened a new digital exhibition hall last month. It has a new smart guiding system made by Li’s team. They t 1 the old stories from the ancient books into interactive videos. Visitors can scan QR codes at the museum to watch these videos. Then they can feel w 2 life was like 1,300 years ago. All pictures, clothes and things in the videos are b 3 on real historical finds. For example, Li Bai’s clothes got ideas from paintings in the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang. The team had to read many historical reports to get small details right. This was a big c 4 for them. Li loves Chinese history very much. He said technology helps people l 5 about the past better. “History is not just in museum boxes—people can e 6 it and talk with it,” he said. He thinks “culture + technology” will make traditional culture easier for everyone to enjoy. For example, visitors could wear VR glasses to walk through the streets of Chang’an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty. 【答案】 1．possible/ossible 2．between/eween 3．order/rder 4．important/mportant 5．turned/urned 6．what/hat 7．based/ased 8．challenge/hallenge 9．learn/earn 10．experience/xperience 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了数字技术让游客在西安“穿越”回唐朝成为可能。科技公司与高校合作，利用数字技术还原历史人物（如李白）和古代生活，并在博物馆中通过智能导览、3D模型、互动视频等形式让历史“活”起来。 【详解】 1．句意：在中国西安，数字技术正在使这种“时间旅行”成为可能——它让唐朝（618-907年）的旧物、旧地甚至古人都变得鲜活起来。根据首字母p及固定搭配“make sth. possible”意为“使某事成为可能”可知，此处应填possible。 2．句意：这个令人惊叹的项目来自一家科技公司与陕西师范大学历史学家之间的团队合作。根据首字母b及语境“teamwork from...a tech company and historians”可知，两者之间是合作关系，固定搭配“teamwork between A and B”表示“A与B之间的合作”。 3．句意：此外，他们把它们按顺序排列，以创建逼真的3D模型。根据首字母o及语境“put them in...to create realistic 3D models”可知，需要按一定顺序或条理整理资料。固定搭配“in order”表示“按顺序、有条理”。 4．句意：这些书非常珍贵——它们在历史中填补了重要的历史空白，并告诉我们唐朝普通人生活的样子。根据首字母i及语境“filled an...gap in history”可知，这些古书起着重要作用。important“重要的”符合句意。 5．句意：他们将古书中的古老故事转化为互动视频。根据首字母t及语境“...the old stories...into interactive videos”可知，此处表示从一种形式转变为另一种形式。固定搭配“turn...into...”意为“把……转变成……”。根据上下文时态为一般过去时可知，此处也是一般过去时，动词要用过去式。故填turn的过去式turned。 6．句意：然后他们能感受到1300年前的生活是什么样的。根据首字母w及语境“feel...life was like”可知，此处引导宾语从句，表示“生活是什么样子的”。what引导名词性从句，在从句中作like的宾语。 7．句意：视频中的所有图片、衣物和物品都基于真实的考古发现。根据首字母b及语境“are...on real historical finds”可知，固定搭配“be based on”意为“以……为基础”。 8．句意：这对他们来说是一个巨大的挑战。根据首字母c及上文“The team had to read many historical reports to get small details right.”可知，这项工作非常困难，因此是一项挑战。challenge“挑战”符合语境。 9．句意：他说技术帮助人们更好地了解过去。根据首字母l及语境“about the past better”及固定搭配“learn about”意为“了解、学习”，可知learn“学习”，符合语境，help sb. do sth.可知此处用动词原形。 10．句意：人们可以体验它并与之对话。根据首字母e及语境“people can...it and talk with it”可知，前面提到历史不仅是博物馆展柜里的东西，人们还可以“体验”它。experience“体验”符合句意，且can后接动词原形。 Passage 2 （2026·江苏南京市江宁高新区中学·二模） In a small classroom in Chengdu, 15-year-old Wang Mei is doing something that would have seemed impossible five years ago. She is creating a mobile game using only her v 1 commands. “I just say what I want, and Codex writes the code,” she explains with a smile. Wang Mei is one of thousands of Chinese students who are learning to code with the h 2 of AI. Her game, called “Panda Rescue”, has already been downloaded 50,000 times. Players must help a baby panda find its way t 3 a bamboo forest while avoiding obstacles. The game is simple, but it was entirely created by a teenager who had never written a line of code before this year. “My parents thought I was wasting time on the computer,” Wang Mei laughs. “Then I showed them the game on my phone. They couldn’t b 4 their eyes.” The success of students like Wang Mei has caught the a 5 of tech companies. Several companies have started “AI Coding Camps” where students learn to use Codex and similar tools. The camps are f 6 free, thanks to government funding. More than 10,000 students attended these camps in the summer of 2025 alone. But learning to use AI is not just about making games. Some students are solving real-world p 7 . In Nanjing, a 13-year-old boy used Codex to create an app that helps his blind neighbor identify different medicine bottles by color. The app speaks the name of the medicine when the phone’s camera is pointed at the bottle. “We are seeing a new g 8 of innovators,” says Dr. Lin, a professor at Tsinghua University. “They don’t need to spend years learning programming languages. They can start solving problems immediately. This is a revolutionary c 9 in education.” However, Dr. Lin also has a warning. “AI is a powerful tool, but it cannot replace human creativity. The best ideas still come from the human mind. Students should use AI to bring their ideas to l 10 , not to think for them.” 【答案】 1．voice/oice 2．help/elp 3．through/hrough 4．believe/elieve 5．attention/ttention 6．fully/ully 7．problems/roblems 8．generation/eneration 9．change/hange 10．life/ife 【导语】本文讲述AI编程工具正让中国青少年无需传统编程基础就能创作游戏和解决实际问题，被视为教育的革命性变化，但专家也提醒AI不能替代人类的创造力。 【详解】 1．句意：她仅用自己的语音指令就能创作一款手机游戏。下文“I just say what I want, and Codex writes the code”提示只需要说出想要的内容，Codex就会编写代码，也就是下达语音指令，首字母v提示填名词voice“语音”，修饰名词“commands”。 2．句意：王梅是数千名在人工智能辅助下学习编程的中国学生之一。固定搭配with the help of意为“在……的帮助下”，此处表示在AI的帮助下学习编程。 3．句意：玩家必须帮助熊猫宝宝穿过一片竹林，同时躲避障碍物。根据“Players must help a baby panda find its way...a bamboo forest while avoiding obstacles.”可知，此处指帮助熊猫宝宝躲避竹林里的障碍物，从而穿过竹林，首字母t提示填介词through，指从物体内部穿过。 4．句意：他们不敢相信自己的眼睛。情态动词“couldn’t”后接动词原形；上文“My parents thought I was wasting time on the computer”和“Then I showed them the game on my phone.”提示一开始父母不认同王梅的做法，但看到王梅的成果后，意料之外的父母不敢相信自己的眼睛，首字母b提示填believe“相信”。 5．句意：像王梅这类学生的成功，已经引起了科技公司的关注。常用搭配catch the attention意为“引人注意”，表示学生的成功引起科技公司的注意。 6．句意：得益于政府资助，这些夏令营是完全免费的。此处用副词修饰形容词“free”；结合“thanks to government funding”可推断，有了政府资助，夏令营能完全免费，首字母f提示填fully“完全地”。 7．句意：一些学生正在解决现实生活中的问题。结合“solving”和首字母p可知此处指解决问题，名词problem“问题”符合文意，此处用复数形式problems表泛指。 8．句意：“我们正在见证新一代创新者，”清华大学教授林博士说道。结合上文介绍15岁的王梅和13岁的男孩都是年轻一代的创新者和首字母g可知，此处指一代人，名词generation“一代人”符合文意，“a new generation of+名词”表示“新一代的……”。 9．句意：这是教育领域的一场革命性变革。上文“They don’t need to spend years learning programming languages. They can start solving problems immediately.”提示以前需要学习编程语言，而现在不需要学习就可以直接解决问题，这是一种变化，首字母c提示填change“变化”，不定冠词a后接可数名词单数形式。 10．句意：学生应当用AI将自己的想法变为现实，而非让AI代替他们思考。固定搭配bring...to life意为“把……变为现实”，此处指学生用AI把自己的想法变成现实，首字母l提示名词life“生活”符合文意。 Passage 3 （2026·江苏南京联合体·二模） A face-to-face meeting with Emperor Qinshihuang, once only a thought, is now within reach. In Central China’s Hunan Province, AI is making this kind of “meeting” p 1 —it’s making old things, places and even people from Qin Dynasty (221 — 206 BC) come alive. This fun project is from teamwork b 2 a Changsha company and archaeologists (考古学家). The team uses AI to collect information from old papers and things dug up. Also, they put them in o 3 . The company’s manager, Zhang Gangyi, showed how useful the technology is. He made a picture of Hua, an officer from the Qin Dynasty. Hua’s story and many facts of life in Qin times were written on about 38, 000 bamboo slips (竹简). People found these slips in 2002. They are very useful—they filled an e 4 part in history and told us 15-year life in an old Qin town. Now, the AI-made Hua is a guide at Liye Ancient Town Archaeological Site Park. The park opened again in October after being fixed. It has a new smart guiding system made by Zhang’s team. They t 5 the old words on the bamboo slips into fun videos. Visitors can scan QR codes (二维码) at the park to watch these videos. Then they can feel w 6 life was like 2, 000 years ago. All pictures, clothes and things in the videos are b 7 on real historical finds. For example, Hua’s clothes got ideas from Emperor Qinshihuang’s tomb in Shaanxi. The team had to read many reports to get small facts right. This was a big c 8 for them. Zhang loves Chinese history very much. He said technology helps people learn about the p 9 better. “History is not just in museum boxes — people can f 10 it and talk with it,” he said. He thinks “culture + technology” will make traditional culture easier for everyone to enjoy. For example, visitors could wear VR (虚拟现实) glasses to see Qin Dynasty buildings on screen. 【答案】 1．possible/ossible 2．between/etween 3．order/rder 4．empty/mpty 5． turn/urn 6．what/hat 7．based/ased 8．challenge/hallenge 9．past/ast 10． feel/eel 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了湖南某公司与考古学家合作，利用AI技术让秦朝历史场景与人物“复活”，助力人们了解、体验历史文化的项目。 【详解】 1．句意：在中国中部的湖南省，人工智能正在让这种“会面”成为可能——它正在让秦朝(221—206 BC)的旧事物、地点甚至人物变得鲜活。“it’s making old things, places and even people from Qin Dynasty (221—206 BC) come alive”以及首字母提示可知，此处指让这种“会面”成为可能，固定搭配make sth. possible表示“使某事成为可能”。 2．句意：这个有趣的项目来自长沙一家公司与考古学家之间的合作。“a Changsha company and archaeologists”以及首字母提示b可知，此处指长沙一家公司与考古学家之间的合作，between符合。 3．句意：此外，他们将这些信息整理有序。固定搭配put sth. in order表示“把某物整理好、按序排列”，结合首字母o及语境，故填order。 4．句意：它们非常有用——填补了历史上的一个空白部分，并向我们讲述了秦朝一座古城15年的生活。“told us 15-year life in an old Qin town”以及首字母提示可知，此处指填补了历史上的一个空白部分，固定搭配fill an empty part表示“填补空白部分”。 5．句意：他们把竹简上的古老文字变成了有趣的视频。固定搭配turn…into…表示“把……转变成……”，结合上下文时态为一般现在时，主语为复数，用动词原形，首字母t提示，故填turn。 6．句意：然后他们就能感受到2000年前的生活是什么样的。空处引导宾语从句，feel what life was like表示“感受生活是什么样的”，结合首字母w及语境，故填what。 7．句意：视频中的所有图片、衣服和物品都基于真实的历史发现。“For example, Hua’s clothes got ideas from Emperor Qinshihuang’s tomb in Shaanxi.”以及首字母提示b可知，此处指基于真实的历史发现，固定搭配be based on表示“基于、以……为基础”。 8．句意：这对他们来说是一个巨大的挑战。前文提到团队需要阅读大量报告来核实细节，结合首字母c及语境，这是一项挑战，故填challenge。 9．句意：他说科技能帮助人们更好地了解过去。前文围绕秦朝历史展开，结合首字母p及语境，此处指“过去”，故填past。 10．句意：历史不只是在博物馆的盒子里——人们可以感受它并与它互动。结合上下文语境，前文提到科技让历史变得鲜活，人们可以体验历史，固定搭配feel与后文“talk with it”呼应，情态动词can后接动词原形，结合首字母f提示，故填feel。 主题04 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （2026·江苏盐城市盐都区·二模） The air is thin and we have to rest several times on the short hike from camp. On the plain (平原) in front of us, we can just meet a group of amazing a 1 . This is why we’re here—to watch Tibetan antelopes. Tibetan antelopes live on the plains of Tibet, Xinjiang, and Qinghai. Watching them m 2 slowly across the green grass, I’m surprised by their beauty. I’m also reminded of the d 3 situations they faced. They were hunted for their valuable fur. My guide, Zhaxi, works at the Changtang National Nature Reserve. The reserve is a shelter for the animals and of northwestern Tibet. To Zhaxi, p 4 the wildlife is a way of life. “We’re not just trying to save the animals,” he says. “Actually, we’re trying to save o 5 .” The 1980s and 1990s were b 6 times for the Tibetan antelope. The population dropped by more than 50 percent. In order to s 7 this species (物种), the Chinese government placed it under national protection. Zhaxi and o 8 volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from attacks. In the evening, I drink a cup of tea and w 1 the stars. I think about the antelopes. Much is being done to protect wildlife, b 2 if we really want to save the planet, we must change our way of life. Only when we learn to live in peace with nature can we stop being a threat (威胁) to wildlife and to our planet. 【答案】 1．animals/nimals 2．move/ove 3．dangerous/angerous 4．protecting/rotecting 5．ourselves/urselves 6．bad/ad 7．save/ave 8．other/ther 9．watch/atch 10．but/ut 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，作者通过在西藏观看藏羚羊的经历，引出了藏羚羊曾经面临的生存危机以及政府和人们为保护它们所做出的努力。文章最后升华主题，指出保护野生动物不仅仅是拯救动物本身，更是拯救人类自己，呼吁人们改变生活方式，与自然和谐共处。 【详解】 1．句意：在我们面前的平原上，我们可以看到一群令人惊奇的动物。根据后文“This is why we're here—to watch Tibetan antelopes.”以及首字母“a”可知，此处指的是“动物”。由于前面有“a group of”修饰，所以应用复数形式，animals符合语境。 2．句意：看着它们在绿草地上慢慢移动，我对它们的美丽感到惊讶。根据语境“Watching them...slowly across the green grass”以及首字母“m”可知，此处指藏羚羊在草地上“移动、行走”。watch sb. do sth.表示“看见某人做某事”，此处描述的是看到的自然景象，用动词原形，move符合语境。 3．句意：我也想起了它们曾经面临的危险处境。根据后文“They were hunted for their valuable fur.”可知，藏羚羊曾经面临的是“危险的”处境。结合首字母“d”，此处应用形容词修饰名词situations，dangerous符合语境。 4．句意：对扎西来说，保护野生动物是一种生活方式。根据前文提到的自然保护区以及后文“the wildlife is a way of life”可知，扎西的工作是“保护”野生动物。此处作主语，应用动名词形式。结合首字母“p”，protecting符合语境。 5．句意：实际上，我们正在试图拯救我们自己。根据前文“We’re not just trying to save the animals”可知，后半句表示转折或递进，即“实际上我们在拯救我们自己”。结合首字母“o”，此处应用反身代词，ourselves符合语境。 6．句意：20世纪80年代和90年代对藏羚羊来说是糟糕的时期。根据后文“The population dropped by more than 50 percent.”可知，那个时期对藏羚羊来说是很“糟糕的”。结合首字母“b”，bad符合语境。 7．句意：为了拯救这个物种，中国政府将其列为国家级保护动物。根据前文提到的藏羚羊数量锐减以及后文“the Chinese government placed it under national protection”可知，目的是为了“拯救”该物种。in order to do sth.为固定搭配，结合首字母“s”，save符合语境。 8．句意：扎西和其他志愿者日夜看守藏羚羊，保护它们免受攻击。根据语境“Zhaxi and...volunteers”可知，此处指扎西和“其他的”志愿者。结合首字母“o”，other符合语境。 9．句意：晚上，我喝一杯茶，看星星。根据“drink a cup of tea and...the stars”可知，此处表示“观看”星星。and连接并列谓语，前面是drink，此处也用动词原形。结合首字母“w”，watch符合语境。 10．句意：为了保护野生动物已经做了很多工作，但是如果我们真的想拯救地球，我们必须改变我们的生活方式。前半句“Much is being done to protect wildlife”与后半句“we must change our way of life”之间存在转折关系，表示虽然做了很多，但还不够，还需要更多改变。结合首字母“b”，but符合语境。 Passage 2 （2026·江苏南京市溧水区东庐初级中学·二模） The Eco-Club at our school has been very active this term. We have organized many activities to promote environmental protection and raise students’ a 1 of green living. Last month, we held a “Save Water” campaign. We put up posters around the school showing how much water is w 2 every day and gave students tips on how to save water. We also checked the water taps in the school to make sure there were no l 3 . Two weeks ago, we organized a tree-planting activity in the school garden. Students and teachers worked t 4 to plant 100 young trees. We put up name tags on each tree with the name of the person who planted it. Now, the garden looks much greener and more b 5 . Last week, we started an old battery recycling program. We put recycling boxes in every classroom and asked students to bring their old batteries to school. We will send the batteries to a special recycling center so that they can be processed p 6 and do not harm the environment. We are also planning a “No Car Day” activity next month. We will encourage students and teachers to come to school by bike, bus or on foot i 7 of driving cars. This will help to reduce air pollution and traffic jams. The Eco-Club has received a lot of s 8 from the school and the students. More and more students are joining our activities and making changes in their daily lives. We believe that if everyone does their p 9 , we can make our school and our city a greener and better place to l 10 . 【答案】 1．awareness/wareness 2．wasted/asted 3．leaks/eaks 4．together/ogether 5．beautiful/eautiful 6．properly/roperly 7．instead/nstead 8．support/upport 9．part/art 10．live/ive 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了学校环保社团Eco-Club本学期开展的多项环保活动。 【详解】 1．句意：我们组织了许多活动宣传环保，提升学生的绿色生活意识。该处需一个名词，在句中作宾语；活动的目的“promote environmental protection”提示语义和“环保意识”相关；固定搭配“raise one’s awareness”意为“提高某人的意识”。结合首字母“a”，因此填“awareness”。 2．句意：我们在学校张贴海报展示每天有多少水被浪费，还为学生提供节水小贴士。该处需一个动词过去分词，在句中构成被动谓语；本段围绕节水“save water”活动展开，提示语义和“水资源被浪费”相关；空前出现be动词is，被动语态结构为“be+过去分词”。首字母“w”对应“wasted”。 3．句意：我们还检查学校的水龙头，确保没有漏水处。该处需一个名词，在句中作表语；“checked the water taps”提示语义和“漏水”相关；be动词为were，后面可数名词要用复数形式。首字母“l”对应“leaks”。 4．句意：师生齐心协力种下100棵幼苗。该处需一个副词，在句中作状语；“Students and teachers”提示语义和“一起、共同”相关；固定搭配“work together”表示“通力协作”。结合首字母“t”，故填“together”。 5．句意：现在花园变得更葱郁、更好看了。该处需一个形容词，和greener并列作表语；“the garden looks much greener”提示语义和“漂亮的”相关；“more+多音节形容词原级”构成形容词比较级。首字母“b”对应“beautiful”。 6．句意：我们打算把收集来的电池会送往专门回收中心，从而得到妥善处理、不污染环境。该处需一个副词，在句中作状语；“send the batteries to a special recycling center”电池送往专业机构规范处置，提示语义和“妥善地、合理地”相关；副词用来修饰前面的动词“processed”。首字母“p”对应“properly”。 7．句意：我们鼓励师生骑车、乘公交或步行上学，而不是开车出行。该处需一个副词，构成固定短语；“by bike, bus or on foot”与“driving cars”对比，倡导绿色出行、舍弃自驾，提示语义和“代替、而不是”相关；固定搭配“instead of”意为“代替，而不是”。首字母“i”对应“instead”。 8．句意：环保社团收获了来自学校和学生的大量支持。该处需一个名词，在句中作宾语；“More and more students are joining our activities”越来越多学生主动参与社团活动，提示社团收获了各方的“支持”。首字母“s”对应“support”。 9．句意：我们相信如果每个人都尽自己的一份力，就能让校园和城市变得更绿色宜居。该处需一个名词，在句中作宾语；人人为环保出力，提示语义和“尽分内职责”相关；固定搭配“do one’s part”表示“尽某人的一份力”。结合首字母“p”，故填“part”。 10．句意：我们相信如果每个人都尽自己的一份力，就能让校园和城市变得更绿色宜居。该处需一个动词原形，在不定式中作后置定语；“our school and our city”是人们生活居住的地方，提示语义和“居住、生活”相关；固定结构“a place to do sth.”，不定式“to”后接动词原形。首字母“l”对应“live”。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 短文首字母填空 主题01 人与社会——中华文化 Passage 1 （2026·江苏盐城市鹿鸣路初级中学·二模） In Chinese culture, the gourd, called “hulu”, is a special plant with a long history. At f 1 , people used gourds as tools for carrying water, storing food, and even making music. Later, gourds became popular in traditions and stories. The gourd looks simple, but it carries deep meanings. Its name “hulu” s 2 like “fulu” which means “good luck and wealth”. Because of this, it is seen as a symbol of happiness and success. Its many seeds (种子) stand for l 3 families with many children, and its round shape is connected with protection. Gourds play an important role in Chinese traditions and festivals. People hang gourds h 4 above the door so that they can drive away bad spirits. During festivals l 5 the Mid-autumn Festival, people display gourds to wish for family peace and plenty of food. The gourd also appears in old s 6 . For example, Li Tieguai, one of the Eight Immortals in the Chinese folk story “The Eight Immortals Cross the Sea” (《八仙过海》), often brought a gourd with him. It is s 7 that his gourd had magic medicine to keep people healthy and long-lived. Today, the gourd still holds its cultural meaning. Artists make creative w 8 of art that mix old skills with new styles, making the gourd meaningful in modern culture. A 9 more people pay attention to natural and healthy lifestyles, many use gourds as home decorations. People believe these gourds can truly bring them positive energy and improve their health as w 10 as happiness. From old stories to modern homes, the gourd continues to be part of Chinese life, showing how simple things can hold great power. Passage 2 （2026·江苏盐城市康居路初中教育集团·二模） Root carving As a traditional Chinese art form, root carving (根雕) uses tree roots to make wonderful works, such as famous characters, animals and plants. This special form mixes the natural beauty of roots with the creative ideas of a 1 . It’s not e 2 to make root carving, because each step needs a high level of skill and attention. First, choose the right root, which is key to making wonderful works. Artists often spend much time looking for suitable roots. A 3 finding the root, they start to clear the dirt and prepare for carving. Next, design the piece. Artists need to study the root’s s 4 and think about how to change it. Then, they will use many t 5 , such as different knives and axes, to make the root lively. F 6 , polish and finish the piece. Thousands of years ago, root carving was first u 7 to decorate gardens of the rich. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, it s 8 from the rich to common people and became popular as a special art form. As an intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产), the government and museums use different ways to p 9 it, so it’s developing well today. A 10 root carving uses only tree roots as materials, it shows China’s special cultural and artistic values. Let’s take a moment to admire the beauty of this art! Passage 3 （2026·江苏镇江市·二模） You may have seen this photo before: an old fisherman with a bamboo hat standing on a boat. This was how Huang Quande looked in his photos with visitors. He became f 1 and was among the most well-known characters of the Lijiang River in Guilin. Many people b 2 the fisherman on the back of the 20-yuan renminbi is based on his image (形象). Huang passed away at the age of 94 this year. Fisherman Huang’s life shows the true s 3 of the Lijiang River. He was a man full of kindness and energy. For example, in his nineties, Huang could s 4 row his boat. After becoming a photo model in 2008, he took photos with tourists a 5 the world. The picture is not just about one man, but c 6 as a special cultural symbol of the Lijiang River. In fact, the most beautiful landscapes in the country a 7 on the different backsides of the fifth series of renminbi. Moreover, they all carry their own cultural v 8 as well. For example, on the back of the 5-yuan banknote (钞票) is Taishan Mountain in Shandong Province. For thousands of years, many emperors would go there and pray (祈祷) for p 9 and good luck. The renminbi pictures have helped make the classic Chinese landscapes even more p 10 . Many love to find out where the pictures were taken. Pan Jinyu from Chongqing went on a “banknote tour” of China when he was 21 years old, enjoying all the sights that are on renminbi banknotes from 1 yuan to 100 yuan. “I want to finish this meaningful journey and feel the beauty of our country,” Pan said. 主题02 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （2026·江苏连云港市灌南县·二模） All living things need water to survive. But in some parts of the world, clean water is hard to find. People have to walk for hours to get e 1 water for drinking and cooking. Scientists are trying to help. They have created a special material that can take salt out of seawater. This is called desalination. It turns salty water into f 2 water. However, this process costs a lot of e 3 . It is not cheap for poor countries. So researchers are looking for new w 4 to make it more affordable. Another idea is to collect rainwater. In some dry a 5 like deserts, people build special tanks to store rainwater for the dry season. Plants can also help. Trees and grass can p 6 the soil from drying out too quickly. When we p 7 more trees, we keep more water in the ground. Every small action matters. Turning off the tap while brushing your teeth can s 8 litres of water every day. Fixing a dripping pipe also helps. If we all work together, we can make sure that no one has to live w 9 clean water. Remember, water is life, and we should never w 10 it. Passage 2 （2026·江苏连云港市赣榆城西中学·二模） In our daily life, we throw away lots of food waste. This is not only a waste of r 1 but also bad for the environment. To solve this problem, a group of students in Shanghai started a “Clean Plate” campaign. They e 2 students to take only the food they can finish in the school canteen. Every day, volunteers c 3 how much food is left on the plates. If a class wastes less than 5%, they get a “green star”. The campaign has worked very well. The total food waste has dropped by 40% in three months. One student said, “I used to take more than I needed. Now I think twice b 4 I fill my plate.” The school also set up a small garden where leftover fruit and vegetables are turned into fertilizer (肥料). This f 5 way to deal with waste helps plants grow better. Now, more schools in other c 6 have joined the campaign. The government encourages people to d 7 good habits of saving food. Experts say that if every person saves one spoon of rice each day, the total amount can f 8 millions of hungry people for a year. “Small actions can make a big d 9 ,” said the leader of the campaign. “We hope more young people will take part in protecting our p 10 .” 主题01 人与社会——中华文化 Passage 1 （2026·江苏扬州市邗江区·二模） Xiaoman is the 8th solar term of the year. It f 1 in late May, usually between the 20th and 21st. Its Chinese name, literally meaning ”small fullness”, reflects the small but important changes in the natural world, carrying the wisdom of a 2 Chinese people. In northern China, Xiaoman is c 3 connected with wheat. As the t 4 rises gradually, the wheat grains become fuller day by day, but they are not fully ripe yet. Farmers here are busy with heavy farm work: they take measures to protect the wheat f 5 dry and strong winds and get ready for the coming harvest. H 6 , in southern China, Xiaoman always brings more rainfall. Rivers are fuller than usual, which is important for rice g 7 . Farmers take good care of their rice fields to make sure the soil stays wet. They also pick fresh and sweet fruits like mulberries during this period. Xiaoman also has warm traditions for people. To adapt to the w 8 weather, people eat bitter herbs to cool their bodies down. They also enjoy fresh fish from nearby rivers. Some villages even hold simple ceremonies to e 9 thanks to the Waterwheel God for bringing enough rain. These activities show people’s deep love and respect for nature. Xiaoman teaches us a simple but valuable lesson. An old Chinese saying goes, “The moon loses light when it is full; water runs over when a cup is too full.” It r 10 us to be happy with small achievements and keep a modest attitude. Just like the wheat waiting patiently to ripen, life is beautiful in its gentle “small fullness”. Passage 2 （2026·江苏南京高淳武家嘴实验中学·二模） Chinese puppetry is one of the oldest forms of storytelling in the world. For over 2,000 years, puppeteers have used strings, rods, and even their hands to bring characters to life. This art form is not just e 1 for children — it often tells serious stories about history, love, and war. There are several t 2 of Chinese puppetry. The most famous is the string puppet (marionette), which uses up to 36 strings to control a single puppet’s movements. The puppeteer must practice for years to m 3 this skill. Another type is the shadow puppet, where flat leather figures are held b 4 a light screen. The audience sees only the shadows, which creates a magical effect. In recent years, traditional puppetry has faced c 5 . Fewer young people are learning the craft, and audiences are shrinking. However, some artists are finding w 6 to keep the art alive. They combine puppetry with modern technology like LED lights and digital projections. One group in Fujian even created a puppet show about space exploration — a 7 from the usual historical stories. “I believe puppetry can speak to modern audiences,” says Lin Wei, a 32-year-old puppeteer. “The key is to respect the tradition w 8 also being creative.” Lin’s troupe performs at schools and community centers, often f 9 free. “When I see children’s eyes light up during a show, I know this art still has a f 10 ,” he adds. Passage 3 （2026·江苏连云港市·二模） Protect Our Intangible Cultural Heritage (非物质文化遗产) China has a long history and rich traditional culture. Intangible cultural heritage is an important part of it. It keeps the good spirit and great wisdom of our country, and it is really v 1 for every Chinese. There are many kinds of intangible cultural heritage a 2 us. Paper cutting, Chinese opera, folk music and dragon dances are all common and popular. They are bright and beautiful, and they bring us warmth and hope during important festivals. Most of them are made by h 3 , with great care and hard work. These traditional skills are passed down from generation to generation. Smart and c 4 old masters learn and practise carefully. Now some of these traditional skills are in great danger. Few young people know about them or want to learn them. L 5 , many great masters try their best to keep the skills alive. They practise every day, face d 6 bravely and never give up. They also teach young people and help them fall in love with traditional culture. Today, more and more young people show great i 7 in intangible cultural heritage. They learn to make paper-cuts, enjoy opera shows and tie beautiful Chinese knots. They take pride in our traditional culture and try to s 8 it to the world. As middle school students, we also should do something to help. Intangible cultural heritage is not only old stories, but also living culture. It helps us know who we are and where we come from. We must p 9 it well and pass it on. It is important for us to make our culture more colourful and m 10 . 主题02 人与自我——哲理感悟 Passage 1 （2026·江苏南京市玄武区·二模） Every night before bed, I write down three things I’m grateful for in a small green notebook. My English teacher, Mrs. Chen, taught me this. She not only teaches us knowledge from textbooks, but also l 1 us to find beauty and warmth in life. At first, I thought it was a silly task. “F 2 three good things every day,” she said. “They don’t have to be big.” The first few days were hard. I w 3 things like “lunch was okay” and “no homework in math.” But slowly, something changed. I started noticing small kindnesses I had never noticed before. Yesterday’s l 4 looked like this: 1. The soft sunshine warmed my face on the way to school. It pushed against the cold wind, lit up the road, and made the whole morning bright and gentle. Such small beauty a 5 me makes every simple day warm. 2. My English textbook stays with me every day. It brings me useful words and knowledge, teaches me to e 6 my feelings clearly, and grows up with me. I am truly thankful for it. 3. My best friend didn’t ask why I was quiet at lunch. She just sat q 7 beside me and shared funny cat videos on her phone. Her silent company (陪伴) made me feel relaxed and warm in my heart. The strange thing is, the more I write in this notebook, the fuller my life feels. It is like I have discovered a s 8 : gratitude is not about waiting for big, perfect moments. It is about seeing clearly what’s already there, i 9 the quiet help from textbooks and careful teaching from teachers. Tonight, when I o 10 my green notebook, I’ll write about Mrs. Chen. Because of her, I learned how to say thank you to the world — even on simple days. Passage 2 （2026·江苏扬州树人学校·二模） At the back of our house, there was a small piece of unused land. “It’s a pity to let it go to waste like that,” Mother said “S 1 you all enjoy eating peanuts, let’s make it a peanut field.” My brother, sister and I were all excited. We began buying seeds, d 2 up the ground and watering the plants. In a couple of months, we had a harvest! “Let’s have a party tonight to celebrate,” Mother s 3 . She cooked the peanuts in a few different ways and told us to go to the garden for the celebration. “Who can tell me what peanuts are good for?” Father asked. “They’re delicious to eat,” my sister took the l 1 . “They’re good for making oil,” my brother followed. “They’re cheap,” I said. “Almost everyone can a 1 to buy peanuts and most people like eating them. “Peanuts are good for many things,” Father said, “but still there’s one special thing about them. U 1 apples and peaches that show their fruits in the air and attract people with their beautiful colours, the peanut plant hides its fruits in the earth. Until you dig it out, you can’t tell by looking at its thin stem whether it bears fruit or not.” “That’s true,” we all said. Mother n 2 too. “Trying to be like the peanut is a good idea.” Father went on, “It’s useful, though not very attractive.” “Do you mean,” l asked, “compared with being u 3 , looking for attention and praise from others is not that important?” “Yes,” Father said. “This is what I mean. And this is what I e 4 of you.” We stayed up late that night and ate all the peanuts Mother had cooked for us. But F 5 words remain clear in my memory to this day. Passage 3 （2026·江苏盐城市大丰区·二模） During the Qin Dynasty, an official named Zhao Gao controlled the court (朝廷). To make other officials f 1 him, he came up with an idea. One day, he brought a deer to the emperor. He said, “Your Majesty, this is a great h 2 . And it can run a thousand li in one day.” The emperor laughed, “That’s clearly a deer, not a horse!” But Zhao said, “It’s truly a horse. Why do you see a deer?” The emperor was confused (困惑的) and a 3 the other officials. They were scared. If they told the t 4 , they might make Zhao angry. If they lied, they would fool the emperor. As a result, they kept q 5 . Zhao looked at them and asked l 6 , “Look at its round body, thin legs, pointed ears and thick tail. Isn’t this a horse?” S 7 the officials were too afraid to disagree with him, most of them said it was a horse. Zhao was very h 8 . However, the emperor was completely confused and began to d 9 himself. After this, Zhao had even more control over the court. No one had the c 10 to speak against him. Not long after, the Qin Dynasty was over. The story reminds us to always speak honestly and think for ourselves. When people are too scared to be honest, terrible things can happen. Passage 4 （2026·江苏扬州市京华梅岭中学·二模） You may know the saying “Don’t judge a book by its cover.” It means you shouldn’t judge the worth or value of something by its a 1 alone. But the saying doesn’t tell the whole story. I agree that you shouldn’t judge a book only by its cover. But please don’t miss the cover either. The cover is the f 2 thing you see. Everything on the cover, front and back, is purposefully designed to make you want to buy and read the book. The cover is only part of the book, but it’s an important p 3 . The cover tells you the title and the writer’s name. Sometimes that’s enough to make you pick it up. On the b 4 , you can find a short summary (总结) of the story, and maybe some reviews. The picture, colors, and fonts (字体) also give you an idea of what the book is about. As a writer, I know how important a good cover is. Several years ago, I p 5 a book called “Under the Almond Trees”. I asked a cover designer to use an old photo as the model for the cover. I wanted color rather than black and white, though. I was very happy with the result. But later, I realized s 6 was missing. I liked the blue sky, the flowers on the trees and the color of the font, but the feel just didn’t scream, “Pick me up!” So I asked a 7 designer to do it again. I remember telling her that I liked the design, but something was off. Her new design was s 8 . The almond trees, the blue sky and flowers were still t 9 . But the colors and fonts were better. It was nothing I could have described, but the new cover was a success. It was even chosen as a finalist in a cover design competition! So whether you are t 10 to judge a book by its cover or not, I know such judging happens. Readers decide whether to pick up a book or not based on the cover information. As a result, it’s important to remember that the cover matters. 主题03 人与社会——科学技术 Passage 1 （2026·江苏南京市东屏中学·二模） A trip back in time to the Tang Dynasty, once only a dream, is now within reach. In Xi'an, China, digital technology is making this kind of “time travel” p 1 —it’s making old things, places and even people from the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD) come alive. This amazing project is from teamwork b 2 a tech company and historians from Shaanxi Normal University. The team uses digital technology to collect information from old books and archaeological finds. Also, they put them in o 3 to create realistic 3D models. The company's CEO, Li Wei, showed how amazing the technology is. He made a digital avatar of Li Bai, the famous Tang Dynasty poet. Li Bai’s poems and many facts of life in Tang times were written in thousands of ancient books. These books are very valuable—they filled an i 4 gap in history and told us what life was like for ordinary people in the Tang Dynasty. Now, the digital Li Bai is a guide at the Xi’an Museum. The museum opened a new digital exhibition hall last month. It has a new smart guiding system made by Li’s team. They t 1 the old stories from the ancient books into interactive videos. Visitors can scan QR codes at the museum to watch these videos. Then they can feel w 2 life was like 1,300 years ago. All pictures, clothes and things in the videos are b 3 on real historical finds. For example, Li Bai’s clothes got ideas from paintings in the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang. The team had to read many historical reports to get small details right. This was a big c 4 for them. Li loves Chinese history very much. He said technology helps people l 5 about the past better. “History is not just in museum boxes—people can e 6 it and talk with it,” he said. He thinks “culture + technology” will make traditional culture easier for everyone to enjoy. For example, visitors could wear VR glasses to walk through the streets of Chang’an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty. Passage 2 （2026·江苏南京市江宁高新区中学·二模） In a small classroom in Chengdu, 15-year-old Wang Mei is doing something that would have seemed impossible five years ago. She is creating a mobile game using only her v 1 commands. “I just say what I want, and Codex writes the code,” she explains with a smile. Wang Mei is one of thousands of Chinese students who are learning to code with the h 2 of AI. Her game, called “Panda Rescue”, has already been downloaded 50,000 times. Players must help a baby panda find its way t 3 a bamboo forest while avoiding obstacles. The game is simple, but it was entirely created by a teenager who had never written a line of code before this year. “My parents thought I was wasting time on the computer,” Wang Mei laughs. “Then I showed them the game on my phone. They couldn’t b 4 their eyes.” The success of students like Wang Mei has caught the a 5 of tech companies. Several companies have started “AI Coding Camps” where students learn to use Codex and similar tools. The camps are f 6 free, thanks to government funding. More than 10,000 students attended these camps in the summer of 2025 alone. But learning to use AI is not just about making games. Some students are solving real-world p 7 . In Nanjing, a 13-year-old boy used Codex to create an app that helps his blind neighbor identify different medicine bottles by color. The app speaks the name of the medicine when the phone’s camera is pointed at the bottle. “We are seeing a new g 8 of innovators,” says Dr. Lin, a professor at Tsinghua University. “They don’t need to spend years learning programming languages. They can start solving problems immediately. This is a revolutionary c 9 in education.” However, Dr. Lin also has a warning. “AI is a powerful tool, but it cannot replace human creativity. The best ideas still come from the human mind. Students should use AI to bring their ideas to l 10 , not to think for them.” Passage 3 （2026·江苏南京联合体·二模） A face-to-face meeting with Emperor Qinshihuang, once only a thought, is now within reach. In Central China’s Hunan Province, AI is making this kind of “meeting” p 1 —it’s making old things, places and even people from Qin Dynasty (221 — 206 BC) come alive. This fun project is from teamwork b 2 a Changsha company and archaeologists (考古学家). The team uses AI to collect information from old papers and things dug up. Also, they put them in o 3 . The company’s manager, Zhang Gangyi, showed how useful the technology is. He made a picture of Hua, an officer from the Qin Dynasty. Hua’s story and many facts of life in Qin times were written on about 38, 000 bamboo slips (竹简). People found these slips in 2002. They are very useful—they filled an e 4 part in history and told us 15-year life in an old Qin town. Now, the AI-made Hua is a guide at Liye Ancient Town Archaeological Site Park. The park opened again in October after being fixed. It has a new smart guiding system made by Zhang’s team. They t 5 the old words on the bamboo slips into fun videos. Visitors can scan QR codes (二维码) at the park to watch these videos. Then they can feel w 6 life was like 2, 000 years ago. All pictures, clothes and things in the videos are b 7 on real historical finds. For example, Hua’s clothes got ideas from Emperor Qinshihuang’s tomb in Shaanxi. The team had to read many reports to get small facts right. This was a big c 8 for them. Zhang loves Chinese history very much. He said technology helps people learn about the p 9 better. “History is not just in museum boxes — people can f 10 it and talk with it,” he said. He thinks “culture + technology” will make traditional culture easier for everyone to enjoy. For example, visitors could wear VR (虚拟现实) glasses to see Qin Dynasty buildings on screen. 主题04 人与自然——环境保护 Passage 1 （2026·江苏盐城市盐都区·二模） The air is thin and we have to rest several times on the short hike from camp. On the plain (平原) in front of us, we can just meet a group of amazing a 1 . This is why we’re here—to watch Tibetan antelopes. Tibetan antelopes live on the plains of Tibet, Xinjiang, and Qinghai. Watching them m 2 slowly across the green grass, I’m surprised by their beauty. I’m also reminded of the d 3 situations they faced. They were hunted for their valuable fur. My guide, Zhaxi, works at the Changtang National Nature Reserve. The reserve is a shelter for the animals and of northwestern Tibet. To Zhaxi, p 4 the wildlife is a way of life. “We’re not just trying to save the animals,” he says. “Actually, we’re trying to save o 5 .” The 1980s and 1990s were b 6 times for the Tibetan antelope. The population dropped by more than 50 percent. In order to s 7 this species (物种), the Chinese government placed it under national protection. Zhaxi and o 8 volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from attacks. In the evening, I drink a cup of tea and w 1 the stars. I think about the antelopes. Much is being done to protect wildlife, b 2 if we really want to save the planet, we must change our way of life. Only when we learn to live in peace with nature can we stop being a threat (威胁) to wildlife and to our planet. Passage 2 （2026·江苏南京市溧水区东庐初级中学·二模） The Eco-Club at our school has been very active this term. We have organized many activities to promote environmental protection and raise students’ a 1 of green living. Last month, we held a “Save Water” campaign. We put up posters around the school showing how much water is w 2 every day and gave students tips on how to save water. We also checked the water taps in the school to make sure there were no l 3 . Two weeks ago, we organized a tree-planting activity in the school garden. Students and teachers worked t 4 to plant 100 young trees. We put up name tags on each tree with the name of the person who planted it. Now, the garden looks much greener and more b 5 . Last week, we started an old battery recycling program. We put recycling boxes in every classroom and asked students to bring their old batteries to school. We will send the batteries to a special recycling center so that they can be processed p 6 and do not harm the environment. We are also planning a “No Car Day” activity next month. We will encourage students and teachers to come to school by bike, bus or on foot i 7 of driving cars. This will help to reduce air pollution and traffic jams. The Eco-Club has received a lot of s 8 from the school and the students. More and more students are joining our activities and making changes in their daily lives. We believe that if everyone does their p 9 , we can make our school and our city a greener and better place to l 10 . 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $