暑假作业06 一般将来时的被动语态与被动语态综合（巩固培优）八年级英语新教材译林版

**基本信息** 以“动词类型识别”为核心，构建“概念-方法-易错点”三维训练体系，系统突破S+V/S+V+O/S+V+P基本句子结构，提升语言理解与表达能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |概念讲解|3类结构+教材原句|无|从句子成分到3种基本结构，建立“成分-结构”对应关系| |运用方法|3步思路|“找谓语→判动词类型→定结构”解题流程|逻辑递进，从识别到应用| |易错点|4类典型错误|错误对比+纠正方法|针对学生高频混淆点，强化思维辨析| |练习题|单选10题+完成句子10题+完形1篇+阅读4篇+首字母1篇|结合语境综合应用|从单句到语篇，实现知识迁移，培养学习能力|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业06 一般将来时被动语态与被动语态综合 一、一般将来时被动语态两种标准结构 1. will be + 动词过去分词：表示客观上将要发生的被动动作 Many trees will be planted next year. 2. be going to be + 动词过去分词：表示计划、安排好的被动动作 A charity show is going to be held this weekend. 二、句式变化 1. 否定句：will + not + be + done; be + not + going to be + done The letter won't be sent tomorrow. The meeting isn't going to be held next week. 2. 一般疑问句：Will + 主语 + be + done?; Be + 主语 + going to be + done? Will the new hospital be built next month? 三、三种时态被动语态综合对比 时态 被动结构 时间标志词 一般现在时 am/is/are + done every day, usually 一般过去时 was/were + done yesterday, last..., in 20XX 一般将来时 will/be going to be + done tomorrow, next..., soon 四、特殊被动结构（双宾语变被动） 主动句中接双宾语的动词（give, send, show, teach 等），变被动时有两种方式： 1. 间接宾语（人）变主语：sb. + be + 过去分词 + 直接宾语（物） 主动：He gave me a book. → 被动：I was given a book by him. 2. 直接宾语（物）变主语：sth. + be + 过去分词 + to/for + 间接宾语（人） 主动：He gave me a book. → 被动：A book was given to me by him. 五、易错易混概念 1. will be 和 be going to be 结构混用 错误：The meeting will be hold tomorrow. 正确：The meeting will be held tomorrow. 2. 被动句中漏掉 be 动词，直接用过去分词 错误：The letter sent yesterday. 正确：The letter was sent yesterday. 3. 双宾语变被动时，漏加介词 to/for 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. A new library ______ in our school next year. A. builds B. is built C. will be built D. will build 【答案】C 【解析】句意：明年我们学校将建一座新图书馆。考查一般将来时的被动语态。主语 “新图书馆” 是 “建造” 动作的承受者，且时间状语 next year 表将来，一般将来时被动语态结构为 “will be + 过去分词”，故填 will be built。 2. —______ the sports meeting ______ next Friday? —Yes, it is. Everything is ready now. A. Will; hold B. Is; going to hold C. Will; be held D. Is; going to be held 【答案】D 【解析】句意：— 下周五将要举行运动会吗？— 是的，一切都准备好了。考查一般将来时被动语态的 be going to 结构。答语用 is 回答，说明问句以 Is 开头，排除 A、C；主语 “运动会” 是 “举办” 动作的承受者，被动结构为 “be going to be + 过去分词”，故填 Is; going to be held。 3. These old books ______ to the children in the mountain village last week. A. send B. sent C. are sent D. were sent 【答案】D 【解析】句意：上周这些旧书被送给了山村的孩子们。考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语 “旧书” 是 “送” 动作的承受者，时间状语 last week 表过去，一般过去时被动语态结构为 “was/were + 过去分词”，主语是复数，故填 were sent。 4. The classroom ______ every day by the students on duty. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. will be cleaned D. was cleaned 【答案】B 【解析】句意：教室每天由值日的学生打扫。考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语 “教室” 是 “打扫” 动作的承受者，时间状语 every day 表经常性、习惯性动作，一般现在时被动语态结构为 “am/is/are + 过去分词”，主语是单数，故填 is cleaned。 5. A wonderful speech ______ by the famous scientist tomorrow afternoon. A. gives B. is given C. will give D. will be given 【答案】D 【解析】句意：明天下午这位著名科学家将发表一场精彩的演讲。考查一般将来时的被动语态。主语 “精彩演讲” 是 “发表” 动作的承受者，时间状语 tomorrow afternoon 表将来，故填 will be given。 6. —Your bedroom is so clean. —Thank you. It ______ just now. A. cleans B. cleaned C. is cleaned D. was cleaned 【答案】D 【解析】句意：— 你的卧室真干净。— 谢谢，它刚被打扫过。考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语 It（指代卧室）是 “打扫” 动作的承受者，时间状语 just now 表过去，故填 was cleaned。 7. A lot of new roads ______ in our hometown next month to make traffic better. A. are built B. were built C. will be built D. will build 【答案】C 【解析】句意：下个月我们家乡将修建很多新公路来改善交通。考查一般将来时的被动语态。主语 “新公路” 是 “修建” 动作的承受者，时间状语 next month 表将来，故填 will be built。 8. He ______ a nice present on his birthday every year. A. gives B. is given C. will be given D. was given 【答案】B 【解析】句意：他每年生日都会收到一份精美的礼物。考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语 “他” 是 “给（礼物）” 动作的承受者，时间状语 every year 表经常性动作，主语是单数，故填 is given。 9. —What a beautiful bridge! When ______ it ______? —Last year. A. did; build B. was; built C. is; built D. will; be built 【答案】B 【解析】句意：— 多漂亮的桥啊！它是什么时候建的？— 去年。考查一般过去时被动语态的特殊疑问句。答语 Last year 表过去，主语 “桥” 是 “建造” 动作的承受者，特殊疑问句结构为 “疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 过去分词”，主语是单数，故填 was; built。 10. The letter ______ to my pen pal in America tomorrow morning. A. send B. sent C. will be sent D. is sent 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这封信明天上午将寄给我在美国的笔友。考查一般将来时的被动语态。主语 “信” 是 “寄” 动作的承受者，时间状语 tomorrow morning 表将来，故填 will be sent。 二、完成句子： 根据要求完成下列句子，每空一词。 1. They will build a new hospital in this town next year.（改为被动语态） A new hospital ______ ______ ______ in this town next year. 【答案】will be built 【解析】句意：明年这个镇上将建一座新医院。解析：原句是一般将来时的主动语态，结构为 “主语 + will + 动词原形”。改为被动语态时，将主动句的宾语 “a new hospital” 变为主语，被动语态的一般将来时结构为 “主语 + will be + 动词过去分词”。build 的过去分词是 built，因此填 will be built。 2. We are going to hold an English party this Friday evening.（改为被动语态） An English party ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ this Friday evening. 【答案】is going to be held 【解析】本周五晚上将举办一场英语晚会。解析：原句是一般将来时 “be going to” 结构的主动语态。改为被动语态时，将宾语 “an English party” 变为主语（单数），be 动词相应改为 is；“be going to” 结构的被动语态形式为 “主语 + be going to be + 动词过去分词”。hold 的过去分词是 held，因此填 is going to be held。 3. The workers finished the bridge two months ago.（改为被动语态） The bridge ______ ______ by the workers two months ago. 【答案】was finished 【解析】句意：这座桥是工人们两个月前建成的。解析：原句是一般过去时的主动语态，结构为 “主语 + 动词过去式”。改为被动语态时，将宾语 “the bridge” 变为主语（单数），被动语态的一般过去时结构为 “主语 + was/were + 动词过去分词”。finish 的过去分词是 finished，因此填 was finished。 4. Our teacher teaches us English every day.（改为被动语态，用间接宾语作主语） We ______ ______ English by our teacher every day. 【答案】are taught 【解析】句意：我们的老师每天教我们英语。解析：原句是一般现在时的双宾语结构（teach sb sth），要求用间接宾语 “us” 作主语。间接宾语变为主语后（us→we，复数），被动语态的一般现在时结构为 “主语 + am/is/are + 动词过去分词”。teach 的过去分词是 taught，因此填 are taught。 5. He sent me a nice postcard from Beijing.（改为被动语态，用直接宾语作主语） A nice postcard ______ ______ ______ me from Beijing by him. 【答案】was sent to 【解析】句意：他从北京给我寄了一张漂亮的明信片。解析：原句是一般过去时的双宾语结构（send sb sth），要求用直接宾语 “a nice postcard” 作主语。直接宾语变为主语后（单数），需在间接宾语 “me” 前加介词 to（send sth to sb 是固定搭配）；被动语态结构为 “主语 + was/were + 动词过去分词 + to/for + 间接宾语”。send 的过去分词是 sent，因此填 was sent to。 6. The meeting will be held in the school hall next Monday.（改为否定句） The meeting ______ ______ ______ in the school hall next Monday. 【答案】won’t be held 【解析】句意：会议不会在下周一在学校礼堂举行。解析：原句是一般将来时被动语态的肯定句，结构为 “主语 + will be + 过去分词”。改为否定句时，只需在助动词 will 后加 not，缩写为 won't，后面的 be held 保持不变，因此填 won't be held。 7. These trees are going to be watered by the students this afternoon.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） —______ these trees ______ ______ ______ watered by the students this afternoon? —No, ______ ______. 【答案】Are; going to be; they aren’t 【解析】句意：— 这些树今天下午会由学生们浇水吗？— 不，不会。解析：原句是 “be going to” 结构的被动语态。改为一般疑问句时，将 be 动词 are 提到句首，其余部分保持不变。否定回答用 “No, 主语 + be+not”，问句主语 “these trees” 是复数，回答时用 they 代替，因此填 Are; going to be; they aren't。 8. The new computer was bought last Sunday.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ the new computer ______? 【答案】When was; bought 【解析】句意：这台新电脑是什么时候买的？解析：原句是一般过去时的被动语态，划线部分 “last Sunday” 是时间状语，对时间提问用疑问词 when。特殊疑问句结构为 “疑问词 + 一般疑问句”，将 was 提到主语 “the new computer” 前面，过去分词 bought 保持不变，因此填 When was; bought。 9. The homework must be handed in before class.（改为一般疑问句） ______ the homework ______ ______ ______ before class? 【答案】Must; be handed in 【解析】句意：作业必须在上课前交吗？解析：原句是含有情态动词 must 的被动语态，结构为 “主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词”。改为一般疑问句时，只需将情态动词 must 提到句首，后面的 be handed in 保持不变，因此填 Must; be handed in。 10. People use knives to cut things.（改为被动语态） Knives ______ ______ ______ cut things by people. 【答案】are used to 【解析】句意：刀被人们用来切东西。解析：原句是一般现在时的主动语态，结构为 “主语 + 动词原形 / 三单”。改为被动语态时，将宾语 “knives” 变为主语（复数），被动语态的一般现在时结构为 “主语 + am/is/are + 动词过去分词”。use 的过去分词是 used，原句中的不定式 “to cut things” 作目的状语，在被动语态中保留，因此填 are used to。 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Our school is going to have a "Green Campus" project next month. A lot of things 1 to make our school more beautiful and environmentally friendly. First, a new garden 2 in the south of our school. Different kinds of flowers and trees 3 in it. Students 4 to help plant them next week. Then, all the old desks and chairs 5 and painted green. They 6 too old and broken now. Also, some new rubbish bins (垃圾桶) 7 in every corner of the school. They will have different colors for different kinds of rubbish. Teachers 8 us how to sort (分类) rubbish next Monday. A big poster about protecting the environment 9 on the school wall tomorrow. It 10 by some art students in our school. We all hope the "Green Campus" project will be a great success. 1. A. will do B. will be done C. are done D. were done 2. A. builds B. is built C. will be built D. will build 3. A. will plant B. will be planted C. are planted D. were planted 4. A. will ask B. will be asked C. are asked D. were asked 5. A. will repair B. will be repaired C. are repaired D. were repaired 6. A. are B. were C. will be D. have been 7. A. will put B. will be put C. are put D. were put 8. A. will teach B. will be taught C. are taught D. were taught 9. A. will put up B. will be put up C. is put up D. was put up 10. A. designs B. is designed C. will be designed D. will design 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. C 【解析】这是一篇说明文，围绕学校下个月即将启动的 “绿色校园” 项目展开，详细介绍了项目的各项具体实施计划，包括打造新花园、翻新旧桌椅、增设分类垃圾桶、张贴环保海报等，展现了学校为美化校园、倡导环保所做的安排，也表达了师生们对项目顺利开展的期待。 1. 句意：为了让我们的学校更美丽、更环保，很多事情将会被完成。解析：事情是 “被做”，用被动语态；由上文 “next month” 可知用一般将来时，其被动结构为 “will be + 过去分词”，故选 B。 2. 句意：首先，一座新花园将在我们学校的南部被建造。解析：花园是 “被建造”，用被动语态；项目在下个月开展，用一般将来时被动，故选 C。 3. 句意：花园里将会种植各种各样的花草树木。解析：花草树木是 “被种植”，用被动语态；动作发生在将来，用一般将来时被动，故选 B。 4. 句意：下周学生们将被要求帮忙种植它们。解析：学生是 “被要求”，用被动语态；由 “next week” 可知用一般将来时被动，故选 B。 5. 句意：然后，所有的旧桌椅将会被修理并刷成绿色。解析：桌椅是 “被修理”，用被动语态；属于未来的项目计划，用一般将来时被动，故选 B。 6. 句意：它们现在太旧、太破了。解析：由 “now” 可知描述当前状态，用一般现在时；主语 “They” 是复数，be 动词用 are，故选 A。 7. 句意：此外，学校的每个角落都会放置一些新的垃圾桶。解析：垃圾桶是 “被放置”，用被动语态；属于未来的项目计划，用一般将来时被动，故选 B。 8. 句意：老师们下周一将教我们如何进行垃圾分类。解析：主语 “Teachers” 是动作 “教” 的发出者，用主动语态；由 “next Monday” 可知用一般将来时，故选 A。 9. 句意：一张关于保护环境的大海报明天将被张贴在学校墙上。解析：海报是 “被张贴”，用被动语态；由 “tomorrow” 可知用一般将来时被动，“put up” 的过去分词还是 put up，故选 B。 10. 句意：它将由我们学校的一些美术生设计。解析：海报是 “被设计”，用被动语态；属于未来的项目计划，用一般将来时被动，故选 C。 二、阅读理解： 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A A new science museum will be opened in our city next month. It is a very big building with five floors. There will be different kinds of exhibitions (展览) on each floor. On the first floor, there will be a space exhibition. You can see models of spaceships and learn about the history of space travel. On the second floor, there will be a robot exhibition. Some robots will be able to talk with you and play games with you. On the third floor, there will be a biology exhibition. You can learn about plants and animals, and even see some real insects (昆虫). On the fourth floor, there will be a physics exhibition. You can do some interesting experiments (实验) by yourself. On the fifth floor, there will be a library and a cafe. You can read books about science or have a rest there. The museum will be open from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. every day except Monday. The ticket price is 20 yuan for students and 40 yuan for adults. A lot of students are looking forward to visiting it. 1. When will the new science museum be opened? A. This month. B. Next month. C. Next week. D. Next year. 2. What exhibition will be on the second floor? A. Space exhibition. B. Robot exhibition. C. Biology exhibition. D. Physics exhibition. 3. What can you do on the fourth floor? A. See models of spaceships. B. Talk with robots. C. Do interesting experiments. D. Read books about science. 4. How long will the museum be open every day? A. For 6 hours. B. For 7 hours. C. For 8 hours. D. For 9 hours. 5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The museum has four floors. B. The museum is open every day. C. The ticket price for students is 20 yuan. D. You can't see real insects in the museum. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了本市即将在下个月开放的新科学博物馆的基本情况，包括建筑规模、各楼层的展览内容与功能分区、每日开放时间以及门票价格，同时提及众多学生对参观该博物馆充满期待。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句 “A new science museum will be opened in our city next month.” 可知，新科学博物馆将于下个月开放，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句 “On the second floor, there will be a robot exhibition.” 可知，博物馆二楼将举办机器人展览，故选 B。 3. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第六、七句 “On the fourth floor, there will be a physics exhibition. You can do some interesting experiments by yourself.” 可知，在四楼的物理展区可以亲自做有趣的实验，故选 C。 4. 细节理解题（数字计算题）。根据文章第三段第一句 “The museum will be open from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. every day except Monday.”，经计算，上午 9 点到下午 5 点共计 8 小时，故选 C。 5. 细节理解题。逐一核对选项：A 项与原文 “a very big building with five floors” 不符；B 项与原文 “open... every day except Monday” 不符；C 项与原文 “The ticket price is 20 yuan for students” 一致；D 项与原文 “even see some real insects” 不符。故选 C。 B Last week, our class decided to make a model of the Great Wall for the school art festival. We were divided into four groups. Each group had a different task. Group 1 was responsible for drawing the design. They spent two days drawing a detailed (详细的) picture of the Great Wall. Group 2 was responsible for making the bricks (砖). They used cardboard (硬纸板) to make thousands of small bricks. Group 3 was responsible for building the wall. They glued the bricks together carefully. Group 4 was responsible for painting the wall. They painted it gray and added some green trees and blue sky around it. After three weeks of hard work, our model was finished. It was one meter long and very beautiful. When it was shown at the art festival, all the teachers and students were surprised. Our model won the first prize. We were very proud of it. 1. What did the class decide to make for the school art festival? A. A model of the Great Wall. B. A model of the Palace Museum. C. A model of the Summer Palace. D. A model of the Terracotta Army. 2. How many groups were the students divided into? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. 3. What was Group 2 responsible for? A. Drawing the design. B. Making the bricks. C. Building the wall. D. Painting the wall. 4. How long did it take them to finish the model? A. Two days. B. One week. C. Three weeks. D. One month. 5. What can we learn from the passage? A. The model was two meters long. B. The model won the second prize. C. The students worked hard and succeeded. D. Only Group 3 worked hard on the model. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. C 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者所在班级为学校艺术节制作长城模型的过程。全班被分成四个小组，各小组分工明确、各司其职，经过三周的共同努力完成了模型，该模型在艺术节上获得一等奖，同学们都为此感到十分自豪。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句 “Last week, our class decided to make a model of the Great Wall for the school art festival.” 可知，班级决定为学校艺术节制作长城模型，故选 A。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句 “We were divided into four groups.” 可知，学生们被分成了四个小组，故选 C。 3. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句 “Group 2 was responsible for making the bricks.” 可知，第二小组负责制作砖块，故选 B。 4. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句 “After three weeks of hard work, our model was finished.” 可知，他们花费了三周时间完成模型，故选 C。 5. 推理判断题。逐一核对选项：A 项与原文 “It was one meter long” 不符；B 项与原文 “Our model won the first prize” 不符；C 项，由文中 “three weeks of hard work” 以及模型最终获得一等奖的结果可推知，学生们努力付出并取得了成功，该项正确；D 项与原文四个小组分工协作、共同努力的内容不符。故选 C。 C Do you know how paper is made? Paper was first invented in China about 2,000 years ago. At that time, paper was made from silk, bamboo and cotton. But it was very expensive and not many people could use it. Later, a man named Cai Lun improved the paper-making method. He used old clothes, rags (破布) and tree bark (树皮) to make paper. This kind of paper was much cheaper and stronger. It soon became popular all over China. Today, paper is made from wood. First, trees are cut down and sent to the paper factory. Then, the wood is cut into small pieces and boiled with water. After that, the wood pulp (纸浆) is washed and cleaned. Finally, the pulp is dried and made into paper. Paper is very important in our daily life. We use it to write, print books, make boxes and so on. But we should also save paper because making paper needs a lot of trees. If we waste too much paper, more and more trees will be cut down. 1. Where was paper first invented? A. In China. B. In Japan. C. In India. D. In Egypt. 2. What did Cai Lun use to make paper? A. Silk, bamboo and cotton. B. Old clothes, rags and tree bark. C. Wood and water. D. Grass and leaves. 3. What is the first step of making paper today? A. The wood is cut into small pieces. B. The wood pulp is washed and cleaned. C. Trees are cut down and sent to the factory. D. The pulp is dried and made into paper. 4. Why should we save paper? A. Because paper is very expensive. B. Because making paper needs a lot of water. C. Because making paper needs a lot of trees. D. Because paper is hard to make. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The history of paper-making. B. How to save paper. C. The importance of paper. D. Cai Lun's invention. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，依次介绍了造纸术的起源地与早期原料、蔡伦对造纸方法的改进、现代造纸的具体步骤，同时说明了纸张在日常生活中的重要作用，并呼吁人们节约纸张以保护树木。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句 “Paper was first invented in China about 2,000 years ago.” 可知，纸最早发明于中国，故选 A。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句 “He used old clothes, rags (破布) and tree bark (树皮) to make paper.” 可知，蔡伦用旧衣服、破布和树皮造纸，故选 B。 3. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句 “First, trees are cut down and sent to the paper factory.” 可知，现代造纸的第一步是砍伐树木并运往工厂，故选 C。 4. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段第三句 “But we should also save paper because making paper needs a lot of trees.” 可知，节约纸张是因为造纸需要消耗大量树木，故选 C。 5. 主旨大意题。文章按时间顺序讲述了古代造纸术的发明、蔡伦的改进以及现代造纸工艺，完整展现了造纸术的发展历程。B、C、D 三项均只涉及文章部分内容，不够全面，故选 A。 D A new community (社区) library will be built in our neighborhood next year. It will be a modern building with a lot of books and facilities (设施). The library will have a children's reading room, a teenagers' reading room and an adults' reading room. There will be more than 50,000 books in the library, including storybooks, science books, history books and so on. There will also be a computer room with 50 computers. People can search for information online or read e-books there. In addition, the library will have a lecture hall (报告厅). Some famous writers and teachers will be invited to give lectures there every month. There will also be a small cafe in the library. People can have a cup of coffee or tea while reading. The library will be open from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. every day. It will be free for all people in the neighborhood. We believe that the new library will be a good place for people to read and learn. 1. When will the new community library be built? A. This year. B. Next year. C. Next month. D. Next week. 2. How many books will there be in the library? A. Less than 50,000. B. More than 50,000. C. About 10,000. D. About 20,000. 3. What can people do in the computer room? A. Read e-books. B. Drink coffee. C. Listen to lectures. D. Borrow books. 4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. The library will have a lecture hall. B. The library will have a small cafe. C. The library will have a parking lot. D. The library will have different reading rooms. 5. What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A. The library will be very expensive to build. B. Only students can use the library. C. The library will be very popular in the neighborhood. D. There are no libraries in the neighborhood now. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了作者所在社区明年将新建的社区图书馆的相关情况，包括其现代化定位、各类功能分区与藏书资源、配套设施、每日开放时间以及面向全体社区居民免费开放的政策，并表达了对该图书馆成为居民阅读学习好去处的期待。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句 “A new community library will be built in our neighborhood next year.” 可知，新社区图书馆将于明年动工修建，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句 “There will be more than 50,000 books in the library” 可知，图书馆将藏书 5 万余册，故选 B。 3. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句 “People can search for information online or read e-books there.” 可知，人们可以在电脑室阅读电子书，故选 A。 4. 细节理解题（正误判断题）。逐一核对原文：A 项对应第三段第一句 “the library will have a lecture hall”；B 项对应第三段第三句 “there will also be a small cafe”；D 项对应第二段第一句提到的儿童、青少年及成人三类阅览室；C 项 “停车场” 在文中未提及，故选 C。 5. 推理判断题。逐一分析选项：A 项，文中未提及图书馆的建造成本，无法推断；B 项与原文 “It will be free for all people in the neighborhood” 不符；C 项，图书馆藏书丰富、设施齐全且免费向全体居民开放，可合理推断它会在社区大受欢迎；D 项，文中仅说明将新建一座图书馆，不能推断出社区目前没有图书馆。故选 C。 一、首字母填空： 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Our school is going to have a book sale next week. It is o____1____ by the Student Union. The purpose of the book sale is to r____2____ money for the children in poor areas. All the students and teachers are encouraged to d____3____ their old books. The books can be storybooks, science books, textbooks and so on. But they must be in good c____4____. The books will be sold at very low p____5____. All the money from the sale will be sent to the poor children. A lot of books have been collected so far. They are s____6____ into different categories (类别) by the volunteers. Some posters about the book sale will be p____7____ up around the school tomorrow. The book sale will be h____8____ in the school hall from 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. next Friday. We hope that more and more people will take part in this activity. It is not only a good way to make use of old books, but also a good chance to h____9____ others. Let's work together to make the book sale a great s____10____. 【答案】1. organized 2. raise 3. donate 4. condition 5. prices 6. sorted 7. put 8. held 9. help 10. success 【解析】本文是一篇活动介绍类说明文，主要讲述了学校下周将举办图书义卖活动的相关信息，包括活动的主办方、举办目的、书籍捐赠要求、前期筹备工作、具体举办时间与地点，同时阐述了活动的双重意义，呼吁更多人参与其中。 1. 句意：它由学生会组织。本句为被动语态 “be + 过去分词”，结合首字母 o 及 “主办方” 语境，填 organized。 2. 句意：图书义卖的目的是为贫困地区的孩子筹款。固定搭配 raise money 表示 “筹款”，不定式 to 后接动词原形，填 raise。 3. 句意：所有师生都被鼓励捐赠他们的旧书。固定搭配 encourage sb to do sth，结合 “旧书” 和首字母 d，填 donate。 4. 句意：但这些书必须状况良好。固定短语 in good condition 表示 “状况良好”，填 condition。 5. 句意：这些书将以极低的价格出售。固定搭配 at low prices 表示 “低价”，price 用复数形式对应多本书，填 prices。 6. 句意：它们被志愿者分成了不同类别。本句为被动语态，固定搭配 be sorted into 表示 “被分成……”，填 sorted。 7. 句意：明天一些关于图书义卖的海报将被张贴在学校各处。固定短语 put up 表示 “张贴”，被动语态中 put 的过去分词仍为 put，填 put。 8. 句意：图书义卖将于下周五上午 9 点到下午 4 点在学校礼堂举办。活动 “被举办” 用被动语态 be held，填 held。 9. 句意：这不仅是利用旧书的好方法，也是帮助他人的好机会。不定式 to 后接动词原形，结合语境填 help。 10. 句意：让我们共同努力，让这次图书义卖取得巨大成功。固定表达 a great success 表示 “巨大的成功”，填 success。 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业06 一般将来时被动语态与被动语态综合 一、一般将来时被动语态两种标准结构 1. will be + 动词过去分词：表示客观上将要发生的被动动作 Many trees will be planted next year. 2. be going to be + 动词过去分词：表示计划、安排好的被动动作 A charity show is going to be held this weekend. 二、句式变化 1. 否定句：will + not + be + done; be + not + going to be + done The letter won't be sent tomorrow. The meeting isn't going to be held next week. 2. 一般疑问句：Will + 主语 + be + done?; Be + 主语 + going to be + done? Will the new hospital be built next month? 三、三种时态被动语态综合对比 时态 被动结构 时间标志词 一般现在时 am/is/are + done every day, usually 一般过去时 was/were + done yesterday, last..., in 20XX 一般将来时 will/be going to be + done tomorrow, next..., soon 四、特殊被动结构（双宾语变被动） 主动句中接双宾语的动词（give, send, show, teach 等），变被动时有两种方式： 1. 间接宾语（人）变主语：sb. + be + 过去分词 + 直接宾语（物） 主动：He gave me a book. → 被动：I was given a book by him. 2. 直接宾语（物）变主语：sth. + be + 过去分词 + to/for + 间接宾语（人） 主动：He gave me a book. → 被动：A book was given to me by him. 五、易错易混概念 1. will be 和 be going to be 结构混用 错误：The meeting will be hold tomorrow. 正确：The meeting will be held tomorrow. 2. 被动句中漏掉 be 动词，直接用过去分词 错误：The letter sent yesterday. 正确：The letter was sent yesterday. 3. 双宾语变被动时，漏加介词 to/for 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. A new library ______ in our school next year. A. builds B. is built C. will be built D. will build 2. —______ the sports meeting ______ next Friday? —Yes, it is. Everything is ready now. A. Will; hold B. Is; going to hold C. Will; be held D. Is; going to be held 3. These old books ______ to the children in the mountain village last week. A. send B. sent C. are sent D. were sent 4. The classroom ______ every day by the students on duty. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. will be cleaned D. was cleaned 5. A wonderful speech ______ by the famous scientist tomorrow afternoon. A. gives B. is given C. will give D. will be given 6. —Your bedroom is so clean. —Thank you. It ______ just now. A. cleans B. cleaned C. is cleaned D. was cleaned 7. A lot of new roads ______ in our hometown next month to make traffic better. A. are built B. were built C. will be built D. will build 8. He ______ a nice present on his birthday every year. A. gives B. is given C. will be given D. was given 9. —What a beautiful bridge! When ______ it ______? —Last year. A. did; build B. was; built C. is; built D. will; be built 10. The letter ______ to my pen pal in America tomorrow morning. A. send B. sent C. will be sent D. is sent 二、完成句子： 根据要求完成下列句子，每空一词。 1. They will build a new hospital in this town next year.（改为被动语态） A new hospital ______ ______ ______ in this town next year. 2. We are going to hold an English party this Friday evening.（改为被动语态） An English party ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ this Friday evening. 3. The workers finished the bridge two months ago.（改为被动语态） The bridge ______ ______ by the workers two months ago. 4. Our teacher teaches us English every day.（改为被动语态，用间接宾语作主语） We ______ ______ English by our teacher every day. 5. He sent me a nice postcard from Beijing.（改为被动语态，用直接宾语作主语） A nice postcard ______ ______ ______ me from Beijing by him. 6. The meeting will be held in the school hall next Monday.（改为否定句） The meeting ______ ______ ______ in the school hall next Monday. 7. These trees are going to be watered by the students this afternoon.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） —______ these trees ______ ______ ______ watered by the students this afternoon? —No, ______ ______. 8. The new computer was bought last Sunday.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ the new computer ______? 9. The homework must be handed in before class.（改为一般疑问句） ______ the homework ______ ______ ______ before class? 10. People use knives to cut things.（改为被动语态） Knives ______ ______ ______ cut things by people. 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Our school is going to have a "Green Campus" project next month. A lot of things 1 to make our school more beautiful and environmentally friendly. First, a new garden 2 in the south of our school. Different kinds of flowers and trees 3 in it. Students 4 to help plant them next week. Then, all the old desks and chairs 5 and painted green. They 6 too old and broken now. Also, some new rubbish bins (垃圾桶) 7 in every corner of the school. They will have different colors for different kinds of rubbish. Teachers 8 us how to sort (分类) rubbish next Monday. A big poster about protecting the environment 9 on the school wall tomorrow. It 10 by some art students in our school. We all hope the "Green Campus" project will be a great success. 1. A. will do B. will be done C. are done D. were done 2. A. builds B. is built C. will be built D. will build 3. A. will plant B. will be planted C. are planted D. were planted 4. A. will ask B. will be asked C. are asked D. were asked 5. A. will repair B. will be repaired C. are repaired D. were repaired 6. A. are B. were C. will be D. have been 7. A. will put B. will be put C. are put D. were put 8. A. will teach B. will be taught C. are taught D. were taught 9. A. will put up B. will be put up C. is put up D. was put up 10. A. designs B. is designed C. will be designed D. will design 二、阅读理解： 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A A new science museum will be opened in our city next month. It is a very big building with five floors. There will be different kinds of exhibitions (展览) on each floor. On the first floor, there will be a space exhibition. You can see models of spaceships and learn about the history of space travel. On the second floor, there will be a robot exhibition. Some robots will be able to talk with you and play games with you. On the third floor, there will be a biology exhibition. You can learn about plants and animals, and even see some real insects (昆虫). On the fourth floor, there will be a physics exhibition. You can do some interesting experiments (实验) by yourself. On the fifth floor, there will be a library and a cafe. You can read books about science or have a rest there. The museum will be open from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. every day except Monday. The ticket price is 20 yuan for students and 40 yuan for adults. A lot of students are looking forward to visiting it. 1. When will the new science museum be opened? A. This month. B. Next month. C. Next week. D. Next year. 2. What exhibition will be on the second floor? A. Space exhibition. B. Robot exhibition. C. Biology exhibition. D. Physics exhibition. 3. What can you do on the fourth floor? A. See models of spaceships. B. Talk with robots. C. Do interesting experiments. D. Read books about science. 4. How long will the museum be open every day? A. For 6 hours. B. For 7 hours. C. For 8 hours. D. For 9 hours. 5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The museum has four floors. B. The museum is open every day. C. The ticket price for students is 20 yuan. D. You can't see real insects in the museum. B Last week, our class decided to make a model of the Great Wall for the school art festival. We were divided into four groups. Each group had a different task. Group 1 was responsible for drawing the design. They spent two days drawing a detailed (详细的) picture of the Great Wall. Group 2 was responsible for making the bricks (砖). They used cardboard (硬纸板) to make thousands of small bricks. Group 3 was responsible for building the wall. They glued the bricks together carefully. Group 4 was responsible for painting the wall. They painted it gray and added some green trees and blue sky around it. After three weeks of hard work, our model was finished. It was one meter long and very beautiful. When it was shown at the art festival, all the teachers and students were surprised. Our model won the first prize. We were very proud of it. 1. What did the class decide to make for the school art festival? A. A model of the Great Wall. B. A model of the Palace Museum. C. A model of the Summer Palace. D. A model of the Terracotta Army. 2. How many groups were the students divided into? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. 3. What was Group 2 responsible for? A. Drawing the design. B. Making the bricks. C. Building the wall. D. Painting the wall. 4. How long did it take them to finish the model? A. Two days. B. One week. C. Three weeks. D. One month. 5. What can we learn from the passage? A. The model was two meters long. B. The model won the second prize. C. The students worked hard and succeeded. D. Only Group 3 worked hard on the model. C Do you know how paper is made? Paper was first invented in China about 2,000 years ago. At that time, paper was made from silk, bamboo and cotton. But it was very expensive and not many people could use it. Later, a man named Cai Lun improved the paper-making method. He used old clothes, rags (破布) and tree bark (树皮) to make paper. This kind of paper was much cheaper and stronger. It soon became popular all over China. Today, paper is made from wood. First, trees are cut down and sent to the paper factory. Then, the wood is cut into small pieces and boiled with water. After that, the wood pulp (纸浆) is washed and cleaned. Finally, the pulp is dried and made into paper. Paper is very important in our daily life. We use it to write, print books, make boxes and so on. But we should also save paper because making paper needs a lot of trees. If we waste too much paper, more and more trees will be cut down. 1. Where was paper first invented? A. In China. B. In Japan. C. In India. D. In Egypt. 2. What did Cai Lun use to make paper? A. Silk, bamboo and cotton. B. Old clothes, rags and tree bark. C. Wood and water. D. Grass and leaves. 3. What is the first step of making paper today? A. The wood is cut into small pieces. B. The wood pulp is washed and cleaned. C. Trees are cut down and sent to the factory. D. The pulp is dried and made into paper. 4. Why should we save paper? A. Because paper is very expensive. B. Because making paper needs a lot of water. C. Because making paper needs a lot of trees. D. Because paper is hard to make. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The history of paper-making. B. How to save paper. C. The importance of paper. D. Cai Lun's invention. D A new community (社区) library will be built in our neighborhood next year. It will be a modern building with a lot of books and facilities (设施). The library will have a children's reading room, a teenagers' reading room and an adults' reading room. There will be more than 50,000 books in the library, including storybooks, science books, history books and so on. There will also be a computer room with 50 computers. People can search for information online or read e-books there. In addition, the library will have a lecture hall (报告厅). Some famous writers and teachers will be invited to give lectures there every month. There will also be a small cafe in the library. People can have a cup of coffee or tea while reading. The library will be open from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. every day. It will be free for all people in the neighborhood. We believe that the new library will be a good place for people to read and learn. 1. When will the new community library be built? A. This year. B. Next year. C. Next month. D. Next week. 2. How many books will there be in the library? A. Less than 50,000. B. More than 50,000. C. About 10,000. D. About 20,000. 3. What can people do in the computer room? A. Read e-books. B. Drink coffee. C. Listen to lectures. D. Borrow books. 4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. The library will have a lecture hall. B. The library will have a small cafe. C. The library will have a parking lot. D. The library will have different reading rooms. 5. What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A. The library will be very expensive to build. B. Only students can use the library. C. The library will be very popular in the neighborhood. D. There are no libraries in the neighborhood now. 一、首字母填空： 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Our school is going to have a book sale next week. It is o____1____ by the Student Union. The purpose of the book sale is to r____2____ money for the children in poor areas. All the students and teachers are encouraged to d____3____ their old books. The books can be storybooks, science books, textbooks and so on. But they must be in good c____4____. The books will be sold at very low p____5____. All the money from the sale will be sent to the poor children. A lot of books have been collected so far. They are s____6____ into different categories (类别) by the volunteers. Some posters about the book sale will be p____7____ up around the school tomorrow. The book sale will be h____8____ in the school hall from 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. next Friday. We hope that more and more people will take part in this activity. It is not only a good way to make use of old books, but also a good chance to h____9____ others. Let's work together to make the book sale a great s____10____. 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $