暑假作业05 一般过去时的被动语态（巩固培优）八年级英语新教材译林版

**基本信息** 以“概念-用法-易错”三维架构系统梳理动词不定式，通过方法提炼与梯度题型培养语言应用能力和逻辑思维。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |核心用法|6类句法功能+教材原句|动词搭配分类记忆、结构公式化（如It is+adj.+to do）|从基本构成到句法功能，按“动词搭配-句式结构”递进| |易错易混|5类典型错误+对比辨析|被动还原to规则、疑问词+不定式搭配规律|针对高频错误点，通过正误对比强化理解| |综合应用|5类题型（单选/完成句子等）|语境分析法、结构对应法|从单一用法到语篇综合，实现知识迁移与语言能力提升|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业05 一般过去时被动语态 一、基本概念 表示过去某个具体时间发生的被动动作，动作已经完成。 二、完整句式结构 1. 肯定句：主语 + was/were + 动词过去分词 The hospital was built in 2010. These letters were sent yesterday. 2. 否定句：主语 + was/were + not + 动词过去分词 The house wasn't damaged in the storm. They weren't invited to the party. 3. 一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + ...? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were. 否定回答：No, 主语 + was/were + not. -Was the bridge built last year? -No, it wasn't. 4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + ...? When was the telephone invented? 三、主动语态变被动语态 主动：They founded ORBIS in 1982. 被动：ORBIS was founded in 1982. 四、与一般现在时被动语态的对比 时态 被动结构 时间标志词 用法 一般现在时 am/is/are + done every day, usually, often 经常性、习惯性被动动作 一般过去时 was/were + done yesterday, last..., ...ago, in 20XX 过去某个时间发生的被动动作 五、易错易混概念 1. 单数主语用 were，复数主语用 was 错误：The book were written by him. 正确：The book was written by him. 2. 被动句的否定句和疑问句形式错误 错误：Wasn't they invited? 正确：Weren't they invited? 3. 保留过去的时间状语，误用一般现在时被动 错误：The house is built last year. 正确：The house was built last year. 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. The famous bridge in Nanjing ______ in 1968. A. built B. was built C. is built D. builds 2. These beautiful kites ______ by my grandfather last spring. A. made B. are made C. were made D. make 3. —______ the letter ______ to your pen friend yesterday? —Yes, it was. A. Did; send B. Was; sent C. Is; sent D. Were; sent 4. The students ______ to the museum last Friday. A. didn't take B. weren't taken C. aren't taken D. don't take 5. When ______ the first computer ______ in the world? A. was; invented B. is; invented C. did; invent D. were; invented 6. The old house ______ in the heavy rain last night. A. damaged B. was damaged C. is damaged D. damages 7. Not only his parents but also he ______ to the party last weekend. A. invited B. was invited C. were invited D. is invited 8. —Were the photos taken in Suqian last month? —______. They were taken in Yangzhou. A. Yes, they were B. No, they weren't C. Yes, they are D. No, they aren't 9. Many trees ______ on the hill by the volunteers last Tree Planting Day. A. planted B. are planted C. were planted D. plant 10. Which of the following sentences is correct? A. The book was wrote by Mo Yan. B. The sports meeting was hold last week. C. These songs were sung by children. D. The classroom is cleaned yesterday. 二、完成句子： 按要求完成下列各题，每空一词。 1. The bridge was built in 2000.（改为否定句） The bridge ______ ______ in 2000. 2 These computers were made in China.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） —______ these computers ______ in China? —No, ______ ______. 3. The old hospital was pulled down last month.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ the old hospital ______ down? 4. They built a new library in our school last year.（改为被动语态） A new library ______ ______ in our school last year. 5. We didn't clean the classroom yesterday.（改为被动语态） The classroom ______ ______ by us yesterday. 6. The letter was sent to Tom by his mother.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ the letter ______ to Tom? 7. The car was bought in 2018.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） —______ the car ______ in 2018? —Yes, ______ ______. 8. They sold all the vegetables at the market yesterday.（改为被动语态） All the vegetables ______ ______ at the market yesterday. 9. The song was written by Lu Han.（改为否定句） The song ______ ______ by Lu Han. 10. Five hundred students were invited to the concert.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ students ______ ______ to the concert? 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Last week, our class visited the City History Museum. The museum 1 in 1956 and it has a history of over 60 years. Many old things from different times 2 in it. When we arrived, we 3 by a guide named Miss Li. She told us that the first floor 4 to show old photos of the city. These photos 5 by photographers from 1950s to 1980s. They showed how the city changed over time. On the second floor, we saw some old tools that farmers 6 many years ago. Miss Li told us that these tools 7 by local farmers and they 8 to grow rice and vegetables. The most interesting part was the third floor. There, we saw an old school classroom from the 1960s. The desks and chairs 9 of wood and there was no computer or TV in the classroom. The students 10 only with books and blackboards at that time. We all learned a lot from the visit and we hope to go there again soon. 1. A. built B. was built C. is built D. builds 2. A. show B. are shown C. were shown D. showed 3. A. welcomed B. were welcomed C. are welcomed D. welcome 4. A. used B. is used C. was used D. uses 5. A. took B. are taken C. were taken D. take 6. A. used B. were used C. are used D. use 7. A. made B. are made C. were made D. make 8. A. used B. are used C. were used D. use 9. A. made B. are made C. were made D. make 10. A. taught B. were taught C. are taught D. teach 二、阅读理解： 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Xiang Yu's Hometown is a famous place of interest in Suqian. It was built in 1935 to remember the great hero Xiang Yu. The place has many old buildings and a large statue of Xiang Yu. In 2012, the government decided to rebuild part of the hometown to make it more beautiful. Many old trees were kept and new roads were built. A new museum was also opened there. The museum shows many things about Xiang Yu's life and the history of that time. Every year, millions of visitors from all over the country come to visit Xiang Yu's Hometown. They can learn about Chinese history and enjoy the beautiful scenery there. 1. When was Xiang Yu's Hometown built? A. In 1935. B. In 2012. C. In 1945. D. In 2002. 2. What did the government do in 2012? A. They built a new statue. B. They rebuilt part of the hometown. C. They closed the museum. D. They planted many old trees. 3. What can visitors see in the new museum? A. Many old trees. B. Beautiful scenery. C. Things about Xiang Yu's life. D. New roads. 4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. Xiang Yu's Hometown is in Suqian. B. The place has many old buildings. C. Millions of visitors come every year. D. No old trees were kept during the rebuilding. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to get to Xiang Yu's Hometown. B. The history and development of Xiang Yu's Hometown. C. Xiang Yu's life story. D. Why people like Xiang Yu. B The telephone is one of the most important inventions in history. It was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. Before the telephone was invented, people could only communicate by writing letters or sending messages by telegraph (电报). Bell was a teacher who worked with deaf people. He wanted to invent a machine that could send voices over wires. After many experiments, he finally succeeded. The first telephone call was made on March 10, 1876. Bell said to his assistant, "Mr. Watson, come here. I want to see you." And Watson heard the words clearly. At first, telephones were very expensive and only a few people could have them. But as time went by, telephones became cheaper and more popular. Today, almost everyone has a mobile phone and we can talk to people anywhere in the world. 1. Who invented the telephone? A. Thomas Edison. B. Alexander Graham Bell. C. Mr. Watson. D. A deaf teacher. 2. When was the first telephone call made? A. In 1876. B. In 1867. C. In 1886. D. In 1875. 3. What did people use to communicate before the telephone was invented? A. Mobile phones. B. Computers. C. Letters and telegraphs. D. Radios. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A. Bell invented the telephone by accident. B. The first telephone was very cheap. C. Telephones have changed people's lives a lot. D. Watson was also a great inventor. 5. What is the best title for the passage? A. The History of the Telephone B. How to Use a Telephone C. Bell's Life Story D. The Importance of Communication C Last week, our school held a charity sale to raise money for the children in poor areas. The sale was organized by the Students' Union. All the things sold at the sale were donated by teachers and students. The sale started at 9:00 a.m. on Saturday. Many students came to buy things. There were books, toys, clothes and many other things. All the things were very cheap. By 12:00 a.m., all the things were sold out. In the end, we raised 5,000 yuan. The money was sent to a primary school in Guizhou. The headmaster of the school wrote a letter to thank us. He said the money would be used to buy new books and desks for the students. We all felt very happy because we could help others. We decided to hold another charity sale next year. 1. Who organized the charity sale? A. The headmaster. B. The teachers. C. The Students' Union. D. The students in Guizhou. 2. What were the things sold at the sale? A. Only books and toys. B. Books, toys, clothes and other things. C. Only food and drinks. D. New desks and books. 3. How much money did they raise? A. 500 yuan. B. 5,000 yuan. C. 50,000 yuan. D. 15,000 yuan. 4. What would the money be used for? A. To build a new school. B. To buy new books and desks. C. To help poor teachers. D. To hold another sale. 5. Which of the following is TRUE? A. The sale was held on Sunday. B. The sale started at 8:00 a.m. C. Not all the things were sold out. D. The students felt happy to help others. D Plastic bags are very popular in our daily life. But they are also a big problem for the environment. When plastic bags are thrown away, they can take hundreds of years to break down. They also pollute the soil and water. In 2008, China started a ban (禁令) on free plastic bags. Supermarkets and shops were not allowed to give free plastic bags to customers. People had to pay for plastic bags if they needed them. Since the ban started, the use of plastic bags has been reduced a lot. Many people now bring their own cloth bags or baskets when they go shopping. This has helped to reduce plastic pollution. However, there is still a long way to go. Some people still use too many plastic bags. We should all try to use fewer plastic bags and protect our environment. 1. Why are plastic bags a big problem for the environment? A. They are too expensive. B. They take hundreds of years to break down. C. They are not strong enough. D. They are not convenient. 2. When did China start the ban on free plastic bags? A. In 2006. B. In 2007. C. In 2008. D. In 2009. 3. What were supermarkets not allowed to do after the ban? A. Sell plastic bags. B. Give free plastic bags to customers. C. Use cloth bags. D. Sell food and drinks. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A. The ban has no effect at all. B. Everyone now uses cloth bags. C. Plastic pollution has been completely solved. D. We still need to do more to reduce plastic pollution. 5. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To tell us how to use plastic bags. B. To introduce the history of plastic bags. C. To encourage us to use fewer plastic bags. D. To show us how plastic bags are made. 一、七选五： 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Our School History Project Last month, our teacher asked us to do a project about the history of our school. 1. ______ We were very excited about this project. First, we were divided into four groups. Each group had a different task. Group 1 was responsible for collecting old photos of the school. 2. ______ Group 2 interviewed some old teachers who used to work in our school. Group 3 looked for old school newspapers and magazines. Group 4 collected old textbooks and school things. 3. ______ We found that our school was built in 1952. At that time, there were only three classrooms and about 100 students. The first headmaster was Mr. Wang. He worked in the school for over 30 years. Many interesting stories were told by the old teachers. 4. ______ They said that students at that time studied very hard even though the conditions were poor. Last week, we put all the things we collected in the school hall. 5. ______ Many students and teachers came to visit the exhibition. They all said it was very interesting and they learned a lot about our school's history. We all enjoyed doing this project. It not only helped us learn about our school's history but also taught us how to work together as a team. A. They went to the school library and found hundreds of old photos. B. We had to finish the project in three weeks. C. The exhibition was a great success. D. We spent two weeks collecting information. E. They told us about their life and work in the old days. F. Our school is very beautiful now. G. The project was very difficult for us. 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业05 一般过去时被动语态 一、基本概念 表示过去某个具体时间发生的被动动作，动作已经完成。 二、完整句式结构 1. 肯定句：主语 + was/were + 动词过去分词 The hospital was built in 2010. These letters were sent yesterday. 2. 否定句：主语 + was/were + not + 动词过去分词 The house wasn't damaged in the storm. They weren't invited to the party. 3. 一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + ...? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were. 否定回答：No, 主语 + was/were + not. -Was the bridge built last year? -No, it wasn't. 4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + ...? When was the telephone invented? 三、主动语态变被动语态 主动：They founded ORBIS in 1982. 被动：ORBIS was founded in 1982. 四、与一般现在时被动语态的对比 时态 被动结构 时间标志词 用法 一般现在时 am/is/are + done every day, usually, often 经常性、习惯性被动动作 一般过去时 was/were + done yesterday, last..., ...ago, in 20XX 过去某个时间发生的被动动作 五、易错易混概念 1. 单数主语用 were，复数主语用 was 错误：The book were written by him. 正确：The book was written by him. 2. 被动句的否定句和疑问句形式错误 错误：Wasn't they invited? 正确：Weren't they invited? 3. 保留过去的时间状语，误用一般现在时被动 错误：The house is built last year. 正确：The house was built last year. 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. The famous bridge in Nanjing ______ in 1968. A. built B. was built C. is built D. builds 【答案】B 【解析】句意：南京这座著名的桥建于 1968 年。考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语 bridge 是动作 build 的承受者，时间状语 in 1968 为过去时间，一般过去时被动语态结构为 "was/were + 过去分词"，主语是单数，故选 was built。 2. These beautiful kites ______ by my grandfather last spring. A. made B. are made C. were made D. make 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这些漂亮的风筝是我爷爷去年春天做的。考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语 kites 是动作 make 的承受者，时间状语 last spring 为过去时间，主语是复数，故选 were made。 3. —______ the letter ______ to your pen friend yesterday? —Yes, it was. A. Did; send B. Was; sent C. Is; sent D. Were; sent 【答案】B 【解析】句意：—— 这封信昨天寄给你的笔友了吗？—— 是的，寄了。考查一般过去时被动语态的一般疑问句。主语 letter 是动作 send 的承受者，时间状语 yesterday 为过去时间，一般疑问句将 be 动词 was 提前，send 的过去分词为 sent，故选 Was; sent。 4. The students ______ to the museum last Friday. A. didn't take B. weren't taken C. aren't taken D. don't take 【答案】B 【解析】句意：上周五学生们没有被带去博物馆。考查一般过去时被动语态的否定形式。主语 students 是动作 take 的承受者，时间状语 last Friday 为过去时间，否定形式为 "weren't + 过去分词"，故选 weren't taken。 5. When ______ the first computer ______ in the world? A. was; invented B. is; invented C. did; invent D. were; invented 【答案】A 【解析】句意：世界上第一台电脑是什么时候被发明的？考查一般过去时被动语态的特殊疑问句。主语 computer 是动作 invent 的承受者，发明电脑是过去发生的事，主语是单数，故选 was; invented。 6. The old house ______ in the heavy rain last night. A. damaged B. was damaged C. is damaged D. damages 【答案】B 【解析】句意：那座老房子昨晚在大雨中被损坏了。考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语 house 是动作 damage 的承受者，时间状语 last night 为过去时间，主语是单数，故选 was damaged。 7. Not only his parents but also he ______ to the party last weekend. A. invited B. was invited C. were invited D. is invited 【答案】B 【解析】句意：不仅他的父母，而且他上周末也被邀请参加派对了。考查一般过去时的被动语态和主谓一致。not only...but also... 连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循 "就近原则"，靠近谓语的主语是 he；时间状语 last weekend 为过去时间，he 是动作 invite 的承受者，故选 was invited。 8. —Were the photos taken in Suqian last month? —______. They were taken in Yangzhou. A. Yes, they were B. No, they weren't C. Yes, they are D. No, they aren't 【答案】B 【解析】句意：—— 这些照片是上个月在宿迁拍的吗？—— 不，不是。它们是在扬州拍的。考查一般过去时被动语态一般疑问句的否定回答。问句以 Were 开头，回答需用 were 的相应形式；根据后句 "在扬州拍的" 可知为否定回答，故选 No, they weren't。 9. Many trees ______ on the hill by the volunteers last Tree Planting Day. A. planted B. are planted C. were planted D. plant 【答案】C 【解析】句意：去年植树节志愿者们在山上种了很多树。考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语 trees 是动作 plant 的承受者，时间状语 last Tree Planting Day 为过去时间，主语是复数，故选 were planted。 10. Which of the following sentences is correct? A. The book was wrote by Mo Yan. B. The sports meeting was hold last week. C. These songs were sung by children. D. The classroom is cleaned yesterday. 【答案】C 【解析】句意：下列哪个句子是正确的？考查一般过去时被动语态的正确结构。A 选项 write 的过去分词应为 written；B 选项 hold 的过去分词应为 held；D 选项 yesterday 是过去时间，is cleaned 应改为 was cleaned；C 选项结构正确，故选 C。 二、完成句子： 按要求完成下列各题，每空一词。 1. The bridge was built in 2000.（改为否定句） The bridge ______ ______ in 2000. 【答案】wasn’t built 【解析】句意：这座桥不是 2000 年建造的。转换规则：原句是一般过去时的被动语态（结构：was/were + 过去分词）。被动语态的否定句只需在助动词 was/were 后直接加 not，was not 可缩写为 wasn't，过去分词 built 保持不变。 2 These computers were made in China.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） —______ these computers ______ in China? —No, ______ ______. 【答案】Were; made; they weren’t 【解析】句意：—— 这些电脑是中国制造的吗？—— 不，它们不是。转换规则：一般过去时被动语态的一般疑问句，需将助动词 were 提前至句首并大写首字母，过去分词 made 保持不变；回答时用代词 they 指代复数主语 these computers，否定回答用 “主语 + weren't”。 3. The old hospital was pulled down last month.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ the old hospital ______ down? 【答案】When was; pulled 【解析】句意：这家旧医院是什么时候被拆除的？转换规则：划线部分是表示时间的状语，对时间提问用疑问词When。一般过去时被动语态的特殊疑问句结构为 “疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 过去分词？”，因此将 was 提到主语 the old hospital 之前，过去分词 pulled 保持不变。 4. They built a new library in our school last year.（改为被动语态） A new library ______ ______ in our school last year. 【答案】was built 【解析】句意：去年我们学校建成了一座新图书馆。转换规则：主动语态改被动语态的核心步骤：① 将主动句的宾语 a new library 变为被动句的主语；② 谓语动词由主动式 built 变为一般过去时被动式was built（主语是单数，用 was）；③ 主动句的主语 they 因无需强调动作执行者可省略，地点和时间状语保持不变。 5. We didn't clean the classroom yesterday.（改为被动语态） The classroom ______ ______ by us yesterday. 【答案】wasn’t cleaned 【解析】句意：教室昨天没有被我们打扫。转换规则：原句是一般过去时主动语态的否定句，改被动时：① 宾语 the classroom 作被动句主语（单数）；② 被动否定结构为wasn't + 过去分词 cleaned；③ 动作执行者 we 变为宾格 us，放在 by 后作状语。 6. The letter was sent to Tom by his mother.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ the letter ______ to Tom? 【答案】Who was; sent 【解析】句意：这封信是谁寄给汤姆的？转换规则：划线部分是动作的执行者（人），对人提问用疑问词Who（口语中可替代宾格 Whom）。特殊疑问句结构为 “疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 过去分词？”，因此将 was 提到主语 the letter 之前，过去分词 sent 保持不变。 7. The car was bought in 2018.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） —______ the car ______ in 2018? —Yes, ______ ______. 【答案】Was; bought; it was 【解析】句意：—— 这辆车是 2018 年买的吗？—— 是的，它是。转换规则：一般过去时被动语态的一般疑问句，将助动词 was 提前至句首并大写首字母，过去分词 bought 保持不变；回答时用代词 it 指代单数主语 the car，肯定回答用 “主语 + was”。 8. They sold all the vegetables at the market yesterday.（改为被动语态） All the vegetables ______ ______ at the market yesterday. 【答案】Were sold 【解析】句意：所有的蔬菜昨天都在市场上被卖完了。转换规则：主动改被动时，宾语 all the vegetables（复数）作被动句主语，谓语动词用一般过去时被动式were sold（sell 的过去分词是 sold）；主动句主语 they 因无需强调可省略，地点和时间状语不变。 9. The song was written by Lu Han.（改为否定句） The song ______ ______ by Lu Han. 【答案】wasn’t written 【解析】句意：这首歌不是鹿晗写的。转换规则：一般过去时被动语态的否定句，直接在助动词 was 后加 not，缩写为 wasn't，过去分词 written 保持不变。 10. Five hundred students were invited to the concert.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ students ______ ______ to the concert? 【答案】How many; were invited 【解析】句意：有多少学生被邀请参加了这场音乐会？转换规则：划线部分是可数名词 students 的数量，对可数名词的数量提问用How many。特殊疑问句结构为 “How many + 可数名词复数 + were + 主语 + 过去分词？”，因此将 were 提到主语 students 之前，过去分词 invited 保持不变。 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Last week, our class visited the City History Museum. The museum 1 in 1956 and it has a history of over 60 years. Many old things from different times 2 in it. When we arrived, we 3 by a guide named Miss Li. She told us that the first floor 4 to show old photos of the city. These photos 5 by photographers from 1950s to 1980s. They showed how the city changed over time. On the second floor, we saw some old tools that farmers 6 many years ago. Miss Li told us that these tools 7 by local farmers and they 8 to grow rice and vegetables. The most interesting part was the third floor. There, we saw an old school classroom from the 1960s. The desks and chairs 9 of wood and there was no computer or TV in the classroom. The students 10 only with books and blackboards at that time. We all learned a lot from the visit and we hope to go there again soon. 1. A. built B. was built C. is built D. builds 2. A. show B. are shown C. were shown D. showed 3. A. welcomed B. were welcomed C. are welcomed D. welcome 4. A. used B. is used C. was used D. uses 5. A. took B. are taken C. were taken D. take 6. A. used B. were used C. are used D. use 7. A. made B. are made C. were made D. make 8. A. used B. are used C. were used D. use 9. A. made B. are made C. were made D. make 10. A. taught B. were taught C. are taught D. teach 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. C 9. C 10. B 【解析】这是一篇叙事类记叙文，讲述了作者班级上周参观城市历史博物馆的完整经历。文章按照参观顺序，依次介绍了博物馆三层不同展区的展品及背后的历史背景，展现了城市的发展变迁和过去人们的生产生活状态，最后表达了同学们从此次参观中收获良多、期待再次前往的心情。 1. 句意：这座博物馆建于 1956 年，已有 60 多年的历史。解析：博物馆是 “被建造” 的，用被动语态；1956 年是过去时间，用一般过去时；主语 the museum 是单数，故用was built。 2. 句意：馆内展示着许多不同时代的老物件。解析：老物件是 “被展示” 的，用被动语态；这是博物馆的常态事实，用一般现在时；主语 many old things 是复数，故用are shown。 3. 句意：我们到达时，受到了一位名叫李小姐的导游的欢迎。解析：我们是 “被欢迎” 的，用被动语态；last week 表明是过去发生的事，用一般过去时；主语 we 是复数，故用were welcomed。 4. 句意：她告诉我们，一楼是用来展示这座城市老照片的。解析：一楼是 “被用来” 展示的，用被动语态；主句谓语 told 是过去时，宾语从句需用相应的过去时态，故用was used。 5. 句意：这些照片是 20 世纪 50 年代到 80 年代的摄影师拍摄的。解析：照片是 “被拍摄” 的，用被动语态；“1950s to 1980s” 是过去时间，用一般过去时；主语 these photos 是复数，故用were taken。 6. 句意：在二楼，我们看到了许多年前农民使用过的一些旧农具。解析：定语从句的主语是 farmers（农民），是 “主动使用” 农具，用主动语态；many years ago 是过去时间，用一般过去时，故用used。 7. 句意：李小姐告诉我们，这些农具是当地农民制作的。解析：农具是 “被制作” 的，用被动语态；讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时；主语 these tools 是复数，故用were made。 8. 句意：它们被用来种植水稻和蔬菜。解析：农具是 “被用来” 种植作物的，用被动语态；描述过去的用途，用一般过去时；主语 they 是复数，故用were used。 9. 句意：桌椅是木头做的，教室里没有电脑或电视。解析：桌椅是 “被制作” 的，用被动语态；描述 20 世纪 60 年代教室的物品，用一般过去时；主语 the desks and chairs 是复数，故用were made。 10. 句意：那时候学生们只能通过书本和黑板学习（被授课）。解析：学生是 “被老师教” 的，用被动语态；at that time 表明是过去时间，用一般过去时；主语 the students 是复数，故用were taught。 二、阅读理解： 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Xiang Yu's Hometown is a famous place of interest in Suqian. It was built in 1935 to remember the great hero Xiang Yu. The place has many old buildings and a large statue of Xiang Yu. In 2012, the government decided to rebuild part of the hometown to make it more beautiful. Many old trees were kept and new roads were built. A new museum was also opened there. The museum shows many things about Xiang Yu's life and the history of that time. Every year, millions of visitors from all over the country come to visit Xiang Yu's Hometown. They can learn about Chinese history and enjoy the beautiful scenery there. 1. When was Xiang Yu's Hometown built? A. In 1935. B. In 2012. C. In 1945. D. In 2002. 2. What did the government do in 2012? A. They built a new statue. B. They rebuilt part of the hometown. C. They closed the museum. D. They planted many old trees. 3. What can visitors see in the new museum? A. Many old trees. B. Beautiful scenery. C. Things about Xiang Yu's life. D. New roads. 4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. Xiang Yu's Hometown is in Suqian. B. The place has many old buildings. C. Millions of visitors come every year. D. No old trees were kept during the rebuilding. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to get to Xiang Yu's Hometown. B. The history and development of Xiang Yu's Hometown. C. Xiang Yu's life story. D. Why people like Xiang Yu. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. B 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了宿迁著名景点项羽故里的建造背景、2012 年政府对其进行的重建改造内容，以及该景点如今的旅游价值和受欢迎程度。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句 “It was built in 1935 to remember the great hero Xiang Yu.” 可知，项羽故里建于 1935 年，故选 A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句 “In 2012, the government decided to rebuild part of the hometown to make it more beautiful.” 可知，2012 年政府决定重建项羽故里的部分区域，故选 B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句 “The museum shows many things about Xiang Yu's life and the history of that time.” 可知，新博物馆展示了许多关于项羽生平及当时历史的物品，故选 C。 4. 细节判断题。根据第二段第二句 “Many old trees were kept and new roads were built.” 可知，重建过程中保留了许多古树，D 选项 “重建期间没有保留古树” 与原文不符，故选 D。 5. 主旨大意题。文章依次介绍了项羽故里的建造时间、2012 年的重建发展以及如今的旅游现状，核心是讲述该景点的历史与发展历程，故选 B。 B The telephone is one of the most important inventions in history. It was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. Before the telephone was invented, people could only communicate by writing letters or sending messages by telegraph (电报). Bell was a teacher who worked with deaf people. He wanted to invent a machine that could send voices over wires. After many experiments, he finally succeeded. The first telephone call was made on March 10, 1876. Bell said to his assistant, "Mr. Watson, come here. I want to see you." And Watson heard the words clearly. At first, telephones were very expensive and only a few people could have them. But as time went by, telephones became cheaper and more popular. Today, almost everyone has a mobile phone and we can talk to people anywhere in the world. 1. Who invented the telephone? A. Thomas Edison. B. Alexander Graham Bell. C. Mr. Watson. D. A deaf teacher. 2. When was the first telephone call made? A. In 1876. B. In 1867. C. In 1886. D. In 1875. 3. What did people use to communicate before the telephone was invented? A. Mobile phones. B. Computers. C. Letters and telegraphs. D. Radios. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A. Bell invented the telephone by accident. B. The first telephone was very cheap. C. Telephones have changed people's lives a lot. D. Watson was also a great inventor. 5. What is the best title for the passage? A. The History of the Telephone B. How to Use a Telephone C. Bell's Life Story D. The Importance of Communication 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. A 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了电话这一历史上最重要的发明之一，讲述了其发明者亚历山大・格雷厄姆・贝尔的发明初衷与过程、人类第一次电话通话的标志性事件，以及电话从昂贵稀有到全球普及的发展历程。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句 “It was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.” 可知，电话由亚历山大・格雷厄姆・贝尔发明，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段第四句 “The first telephone call was made on March 10, 1876.” 可知，人类第一次电话通话发生在 1876 年，故选 A。 3. 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句 “Before the telephone was invented, people could only communicate by writing letters or sending messages by telegraph.” 可知，电话发明前人们主要通过写信和发电报进行交流，故选 C。 4. 推理判断题。根据第三段内容，电话从最初价格昂贵、仅少数人拥有，发展到如今几乎人人持有手机、可与全球任意地点的人通话，可推断出电话极大地改变了人们的生活。A 选项文中未提及发明是偶然事件；B 选项与原文 “At first, telephones were very expensive” 表述相悖；D 选项文中仅说明沃森是贝尔的助手，未提及他是发明家，故选 C。 5. 主旨大意题（标题归纳题）。文章全程围绕 “电话” 展开，依次介绍了其发明背景、发明过程、首次通话及发展普及的完整历史脉络，因此最佳标题为 “电话的历史”，故选 A。 C Last week, our school held a charity sale to raise money for the children in poor areas. The sale was organized by the Students' Union. All the things sold at the sale were donated by teachers and students. The sale started at 9:00 a.m. on Saturday. Many students came to buy things. There were books, toys, clothes and many other things. All the things were very cheap. By 12:00 a.m., all the things were sold out. In the end, we raised 5,000 yuan. The money was sent to a primary school in Guizhou. The headmaster of the school wrote a letter to thank us. He said the money would be used to buy new books and desks for the students. We all felt very happy because we could help others. We decided to hold another charity sale next year. 1. Who organized the charity sale? A. The headmaster. B. The teachers. C. The Students' Union. D. The students in Guizhou. 2. What were the things sold at the sale? A. Only books and toys. B. Books, toys, clothes and other things. C. Only food and drinks. D. New desks and books. 3. How much money did they raise? A. 500 yuan. B. 5,000 yuan. C. 50,000 yuan. D. 15,000 yuan. 4. What would the money be used for? A. To build a new school. B. To buy new books and desks. C. To help poor teachers. D. To hold another sale. 5. Which of the following is TRUE? A. The sale was held on Sunday. B. The sale started at 8:00 a.m. C. Not all the things were sold out. D. The students felt happy to help others. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. D 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者学校上周由学生会组织的一场为贫困地区儿童筹款的慈善义卖活动，详细介绍了活动的筹备、开展过程、筹款总额以及资金的最终用途，并表达了师生们参与公益活动的喜悦心情和来年再办的决定。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句 “The sale was organized by the Students' Union.” 可知，慈善义卖由学生会组织，故选 C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句 “There were books, toys, clothes and many other things.” 可知，义卖品包含书籍、玩具、衣服及其他物品，A 选项 “only” 表述片面，C、D 两项文中未提及，故选 B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句 “In the end, we raised 5,000 yuan.” 可知，最终筹得 5000 元，故选 B。 4. 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句 “He said the money would be used to buy new books and desks for the students.” 可知，善款将用于购买新书和课桌，故选 B。 5. 细节判断题。根据最后一段第一句 “We all felt very happy because we could help others.” 可知，学生们因帮助他人感到开心，D 项正确。A 项与 “on Saturday” 不符；B 项与 “started at 9:00 a.m.” 不符；C 项与 “all the things were sold out” 不符，故选 D。 D Plastic bags are very popular in our daily life. But they are also a big problem for the environment. When plastic bags are thrown away, they can take hundreds of years to break down. They also pollute the soil and water. In 2008, China started a ban (禁令) on free plastic bags. Supermarkets and shops were not allowed to give free plastic bags to customers. People had to pay for plastic bags if they needed them. Since the ban started, the use of plastic bags has been reduced a lot. Many people now bring their own cloth bags or baskets when they go shopping. This has helped to reduce plastic pollution. However, there is still a long way to go. Some people still use too many plastic bags. We should all try to use fewer plastic bags and protect our environment. 1. Why are plastic bags a big problem for the environment? A. They are too expensive. B. They take hundreds of years to break down. C. They are not strong enough. D. They are not convenient. 2. When did China start the ban on free plastic bags? A. In 2006. B. In 2007. C. In 2008. D. In 2009. 3. What were supermarkets not allowed to do after the ban? A. Sell plastic bags. B. Give free plastic bags to customers. C. Use cloth bags. D. Sell food and drinks. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A. The ban has no effect at all. B. Everyone now uses cloth bags. C. Plastic pollution has been completely solved. D. We still need to do more to reduce plastic pollution. 5. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To tell us how to use plastic bags. B. To introduce the history of plastic bags. C. To encourage us to use fewer plastic bags. D. To show us how plastic bags are made. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章首先指出塑料袋在日常生活中普及但对环境危害巨大，接着介绍了中国 2008 年实施的限塑令及其取得的成效，最后说明塑料污染问题仍未完全解决，呼吁人们减少塑料袋使用、共同保护环境。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段第三、四句 “When plastic bags are thrown away, they can take hundreds of years to break down. They also pollute the soil and water.” 可知，塑料袋难降解且污染水土是其危害环境的主要原因，故选 B。A、C、D 选项文中均未提及。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句 “In 2008, China started a ban on free plastic bags.” 可知，中国于 2008 年开始实施免费塑料袋禁令，故选 C。 3. 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句 “Supermarkets and shops were not allowed to give free plastic bags to customers.” 可知，禁令实施后，超市不得向顾客免费提供塑料袋，故选 B。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句 “However, there is still a long way to go.” 可知，塑料污染治理仍有很长的路要走，可推断出我们还需要做更多来减少塑料污染。A 选项与原文 “the use of plastic bags has been reduced a lot” 相悖；B 选项 “everyone” 表述过于绝对；C 选项 “completely solved” 与文意不符，故选 D。 5. 主旨大意题（写作目的题）。文章围绕塑料袋污染展开，介绍了危害、治理措施及现存问题，结尾明确提出 “We should all try to use fewer plastic bags and protect our environment”，核心目的是鼓励人们减少塑料袋使用，故选 C。 一、七选五： 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Our School History Project Last month, our teacher asked us to do a project about the history of our school. 1. ______ We were very excited about this project. First, we were divided into four groups. Each group had a different task. Group 1 was responsible for collecting old photos of the school. 2. ______ Group 2 interviewed some old teachers who used to work in our school. Group 3 looked for old school newspapers and magazines. Group 4 collected old textbooks and school things. 3. ______ We found that our school was built in 1952. At that time, there were only three classrooms and about 100 students. The first headmaster was Mr. Wang. He worked in the school for over 30 years. Many interesting stories were told by the old teachers. 4. ______ They said that students at that time studied very hard even though the conditions were poor. Last week, we put all the things we collected in the school hall. 5. ______ Many students and teachers came to visit the exhibition. They all said it was very interesting and they learned a lot about our school's history. We all enjoyed doing this project. It not only helped us learn about our school's history but also taught us how to work together as a team. A. They went to the school library and found hundreds of old photos. B. We had to finish the project in three weeks. C. The exhibition was a great success. D. We spent two weeks collecting information. E. They told us about their life and work in the old days. F. Our school is very beautiful now. G. The project was very difficult for us. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. E 5. C 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者班级开展学校历史项目的完整过程，包括项目要求、分组任务、信息收集成果、老教师分享的过往故事，以及最终举办展览的成功情况和同学们在项目中的收获。 1. 句意：我们必须在三周内完成这个项目。前文提到老师布置了学校历史项目，后文说大家对此很兴奋。该句补充项目的时间要求，承接上文的任务布置，自然过渡到下文的项目开展，故选 B。 2. 句意：他们去学校图书馆找到了数百张老照片。前文明确第一组的任务是收集学校老照片，该句具体说明第一组完成任务的方式和成果，与前文任务对应，故选 A。 3. 句意：我们花了两周时间收集信息。前文介绍了四个小组的不同任务，后文开始展示收集到的学校历史信息。该句起到承上启下的作用，从任务分配过渡到信息收集的成果，故选 D。 4. 句意：他们给我们讲述了过去他们的生活和工作。前文提到老教师讲了很多有趣的故事，后文具体说明当时学生的学习情况。该句承接老教师讲故事的内容，引出下文对过往校园生活的描述，故选 E。 5. 句意：这次展览非常成功。前文说大家把收集的物品摆放在学校大厅，后文提到众多师生前来参观并给予好评。该句总结展览的结果，衔接上下文，故选 C。 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $