Unit 3 语法专练 2026-2027学年译林版九年级英语上册
2026-06-10
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资源信息
| 学段 | 初中 |
| 学科 | 英语 |
| 教材版本 | 初中英语译林版九年级上册 |
| 年级 | 九年级 |
| 章节 | Grammar |
| 类型 | 教案-讲义 |
| 知识点 | - |
| 使用场景 | 同步教学-新授课 |
| 学年 | 2026-2027 |
| 地区(省份) | 全国 |
| 地区(市) | - |
| 地区(区县) | - |
| 文件格式 | DOCX |
| 文件大小 | 40 KB |
| 发布时间 | 2026-06-10 |
| 更新时间 | 2026-06-10 |
| 作者 | 匿名 |
| 品牌系列 | - |
| 审核时间 | 2026-06-09 |
| 下载链接 | https://m.zxxk.com/soft/58270441.html |
| 价格 | 0.50储值(1储值=1元) |
| 来源 | 学科网 |
|---|
摘要:
本讲义聚焦初中英语宾语从句核心知识点,系统梳理that、if/whether引导的用法,从基本概念(定义、结构)到具体应用(语序、时态、否定转移、简化),构建递进式学习支架,帮助学生逐步掌握从句的连接、表达及转化逻辑。
该资料以“讲解-练习-解析”闭环设计为特色,语法讲解配错误与正确示例对比,习题涵盖填空、改写、改错等多题型,答案解析精准。通过辨析if/whether用法提升语言能力,错题分析培养思维品质,课后可助学生自主查漏补缺,兼顾课中教学效率与课后巩固效果。
内容正文:
译林版九上Unit 3语法专练
宾语从句(that, if, whether)
一、语法讲解
(一)宾语从句的基本概念
1. 定义
宾语从句是指在复合句中充当宾语成分的句子。它跟在及物动词、介词或某些形容词之后,在主句中充当宾语的角色。宾语从句本身是一个完整的句子,有自己的主语和谓语。
2. 结构
主句(主语 + 谓语动词) + 连接词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语 + 其他)
宾语从句必须使用陈述句语序,即“主语 + 谓语”的顺序,不能使用疑问句语序(即不能将助动词或be动词提到主语前面)。
错误:I don't know where is he.(疑问句语序)
正确:I don't know where he is.(陈述句语序)
(二)由that引导的宾语从句
1. that的含义和作用
that在宾语从句中只起连接作用,不充当任何句子成分,也没有实际的含义。that可以省略,尤其是在口语和非正式文体中。但在正式文体或某些特定动词后(如reply,protest等),有时保留that以使句子更清晰。
2. 用法
that引导的宾语从句通常跟在表示“观点、想法、事实、感觉”等动词之后,表达一个陈述性的事实或观点。
常用动词:think(认为),believe(相信),hope(希望),know(知道),say(说),tell(告诉),hear(听说),see(看到),feel(感觉),notice(注意到),doubt(怀疑),mean(意思是),suggest(建议),explain(解释),promise(承诺),remember(记得),forget(忘记)
例句:
· I think (that) he is right.(我认为他是对的。)
· She said (that) she would come to the party.(她说她会来参加派对。)
· We believe (that) hard work leads to success.(我们相信努力工作会带来成功。)
· He knows (that) practice makes perfect.(他知道熟能生巧。)
· I hope (that) you can pass the exam.(我希望你能通过考试。)
3. that的省略
一般情况下,that可以省略。但在以下情况中,that通常不省略:
情况一:当宾语从句的主语是that本身时。但这种情况很少见。
情况二:当宾语从句前面插入其他成分时。例句:He says that,in my opinion,the plan is not practical. (that通常不省略以保持句子结构清晰)
情况三:当两个或多个宾语从句并列时,第一个that可以省略,但第二个及以后的that通常不省略。例句:He said (that) he was tired and that he wanted to go home.
情况四:当主句的谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时。
(三)由if/whether引导的宾语从句
1. if和whether的含义和作用
if和whether在宾语从句中都表示“是否”,用于引导一个一般疑问句转化而来的宾语从句。它们只起连接作用,不充当句子成分,但有实际含义(“是否”)。
2. 用法
if/whether引导的宾语从句通常跟在表示“疑问、不确定、想知道”等动词之后,表达一个疑问的含义。
常用动词:ask(问),wonder(想知道),know(知道),see(明白),decide(决定),find out(查明),doubt(怀疑),care(在乎),mind(介意)
例句:
· I wonder if/whether he will come.(我想知道他是否会来。)
· She asked me if/whether I liked the gift.(她问我是否喜欢这个礼物。)
· Do you know if/whether there is a bank near here?(你知道附近是否有银行吗?)
· I don't care if/whether he agrees or not.(我不在乎他是否同意。)
· Let's find out if/whether the train has arrived.(让我们弄清楚火车是否到了。)
3. whether和if的区别(重要考点)
although两个词在很多情况下可以互换使用,但在某些情况下只能用whether,不能用if。
只能用whether不能用if的情况:
情况一:与or not直接连用时。可以说whether or not或whether... or not,但不能说if or not。例句:I don't know whether he will come or not.(√)I don't know if he will come or not.(也可接受,但正式文体中不推荐)I don't know if or not he will come.(×)
情况二:后面直接跟or not时,只能用whether。例句:Please tell me whether or not you agree.
情况三:与动词不定式连用时,只能用whether。例句:She hasn't decided whether to go or stay.(√)She hasn't decided if to go or stay.(×)
情况四:介词后的宾语从句,只能用whether。例句:I'm thinking about whether I should accept the offer.(√)I'm thinking about if I should accept the offer.(×)例句:It depends on whether it rains tomorrow.
情况五:引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时,只能用whether(此时不是宾语从句,但常作为考点)。例句:Whether he will come is still unknown.(主语从句)
情况六:与or not间隔使用,且or not放在句尾时,if和whether都可以。但紧密连接时只能用whether。
情况七:避免歧义时。当if可能被理解为“如果”时,使用whether避免歧义。例句:Please let me know if you need help. 这句话有歧义:可理解为“请让我知道你是否需要帮助”(宾语从句),也可理解为“如果你需要帮助,请告诉我”(条件状语从句)。用whether可以消除歧义:Please let me know whether you need help.
4. whether和if在宾语从句中的通用情况
在动词ask,wonder,know,see,care等后面的宾语从句中,if和whether通常可以互换使用,意思相同。例句:I don't know if/whether he is at home.
(四)宾语从句的语序
1. 陈述句语序
无论主句是什么句型(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句),宾语从句一律使用陈述句语序,即“主语 + 谓语 + 其他”的顺序。
错误示例:
· I don't know where does he live.(疑问句语序,助动词does提前)
· Can you tell me what is your name?(疑问句语序,be动词is提前)
· She asked why did you come late.(疑问句语序,助动词did提前)
正确示例:
· I don't know where he lives.
· Can you tell me what your name is?
· She asked why you came late.
2. 当连接词本身就是主语时
当连接词(who,what,which等)在宾语从句中充当主语时,从句保持原有语序即可,因为此时不需要调整。例句:I don't know who broke the window.(who是主语,语序不变)Tell me what happened yesterday.(what是主语,语序不变)
(五)宾语从句的时态
时态一致性是宾语从句的重要考点,需要根据主句的时态来调整从句的时态。
1. 主句为现在时(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时)
从句可以根据表达的需要使用任何时态。
例句:
· I know that he is a doctor.(从句为一般现在时)
· I know that he was a doctor five years ago.(从句为一般过去时)
· I know that he will become a famous doctor in the future.(从句为一般将来时)
· I have heard that he has already finished the work.(从句为现在完成时)
2. 主句为过去时(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时)
从句必须使用相应的过去时态。
从句的时态变化规律:
· 从句一般现在时 → 从句一般过去时
· 从句现在进行时 → 从句过去进行时
· 从句一般将来时 → 从句过去将来时(would + 动词原形)
· 从句现在完成时 → 从句过去完成时(had + 过去分词)
· 从句一般过去时 → 从句过去完成时(had + 过去分词)
例句:
· He said that he was a doctor.(原为一般现在时is,改为一般过去时was)
· He said that he would come the next day.(原为一般将来时will come,改为过去将来时would come)
· He said that he had already finished the work.(原为现在完成时has finished,改为过去完成时had finished)
· He said that he had seen the movie before.(原为一般过去时saw,改为过去完成时had seen)
3. 客观真理和自然规律
当宾语从句表达的是客观真理、自然规律、科学事实或格言谚语时,无论主句是什么时态,从句一律使用一般现在时。
例句:
· The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.(地球绕太阳转是客观真理)
· He learned that practice makes perfect.(熟能生巧是谚语)
· The scientist proved that water freezes at 0°C.(水在零度结冰是科学事实)
4. 时态不需要改变的情况
以下情况时态不需要改变:
· 客观真理和自然规律(如上所述)
· 从句中有具体的过去时间状语,且该时间状语不受主句影响时。例句:He said that he was born in 1990.(出生年份是固定事实,不用改为过去完成时)
· 从句描述的是反复发生的习惯性动作,且该习惯仍然存在时。
(六)宾语从句的否定转移
当主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,imagine,expect等表示“认为、相信、猜测”的动词时,如果宾语从句的语义是否定的,通常将否定词not转移到主句的谓语动词上。这种现象称为否定转移。
例句:
· 原表达:I think he is not right.
· 否定转移后:I don't think he is right.(我认为他不对。)
· 原表达:She believes she will not fail.
· 否定转移后:She doesn't believe she will fail.(她相信她不会失败。)
需要注意,否定转移后的反意疑问句,疑问部分应与宾语从句的主谓保持一致,而不是与主句一致。
· 例句:I don't think he is right,is he?(不是don't I?)
(七)宾语从句的简化
在某些情况下,宾语从句可以简化为更简单的结构。
1. 简化疑问词引导的宾语从句
疑问词 + 主语 + 谓语 → 疑问词 + to do(前提是主句主语与从句主语一致)
原句:I don't know what I should do. → 简化:I don't know what to do.
原句:She wondered which one she should choose. → 简化:She wondered which one to choose.
原句:He doesn't know where he can go. → 简化:He doesn't know where to go.
2. 简化that引导的宾语从句
某些动词后的that从句可以简化为“to do”或“doing”结构。
· I hope that I can see you soon. → I hope to see you soon.
· She decided that she would study harder. → She decided to study harder.
3. 简化if/whether引导的宾语从句
if/whether + 主语 + should do → whether + to do
原句:I don't know whether I should go. → 简化:I don't know whether to go.
注意:这种情况下只能用whether,不能用if。
二、习题部分
题目
一、用合适的连接词(that, if, whether)填空
1. I believe ________ you are telling the truth.
2. She asked me ________ I could help her with the box.
3. I don't know ________ he will come or not.
4. He said ________ he would visit his grandmother the next day.
5. We are thinking about ________ we should accept the offer.
6. I wonder ________ she has finished her homework.
7. She hasn't decided ________ to stay or leave.
8. The teacher told us ________ the earth moves around the sun.
9. He doesn't know ________ he should go to the party.
10. It depends on ________ it rains tomorrow.
二、选择正确的选项
1. I don't know ________ he will come tomorrow.
A. that
B. if
C. what
D. which
2. She said ________ she would help me with my English.
A. if
B. whether
C. that
D. what
3. Could you tell me ________ the nearest hospital is?
A. that
B. where
C. if
D. whether
4. I wonder ________ he is a doctor or not.
A. that
B. if
C. whether
D. what
5. The teacher asked us ________ we had finished our homework.
A. that
B. if
C. what
D. which
6. I think ________ he is a good student.
A. if
B. whether
C. that
D. what
7. Do you know ________ he was late again?
A. that
B. if
C. why
D. what
8. She asked me ________ I would like to go shopping with her.
A. that
B. whether
C. what
D. which
9. I don't know ________ to do next.
A. that
B. if
C. what
D. whether
10. He didn't tell me ________ he would come or stay at home.
A. that
B. if
C. whether
D. what
三、将下列句子改为宾语从句
1. Is he a teacher? I want to know.
2. Where does she live? Can you tell me?
3. The earth goes around the sun. The teacher told us.
4. Will you come to my birthday party? She asked me.
5. He has finished his homework. I think.
6. Why was he late? Do you know?
7. Does she like music? I wonder.
8. Practice makes perfect. My father always says.
9. When will the train arrive? Could you tell me?
10. He didn't pass the exam. I'm afraid.
四、改错(每题仅有一处错误)
1. I want to know that he will come tomorrow.
2. She asked me that I liked the gift.
3. Can you tell me where does he live?
4. I don't know if or not he will come.
5. He said that he will come to the party.
6. The teacher told us that light traveled faster than sound.
7. I think he isn't right.
8. She hasn't decided if to go abroad.
9. I don't know that he is a doctor or a nurse.
10. He asked me what was my name.
五、句型转换
1. He didn't come to school because he was ill. (合并为宾语从句)
2. He said, “I will call you tomorrow.” (改为间接引语,即宾语从句)
3. She said, “I have finished my work.” (改为间接引语)
4. “Do you like playing football?” Tom asked me. (改为间接引语)
5. “Where did you buy this book?” she asked me. (改为间接引语)
6. I think that he is not honest. (改为否定转移结构)
7. I don't know what I should do next. (简化为简单句)
8. She wondered which dress she should choose. (简化为简单句)
9. I don't know whether I should accept the invitation. (简化为简单句)
10. He asked me when he should leave. (简化为简单句)
六、翻译句子
1. 我认为他会来参加晚会。
2. 我想知道他是否喜欢这个礼物。
3. 老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。
4. 你能告诉我银行在哪里吗?
5. 她问我是否已经完成了作业。
6. 我不确定他是否会来。
7. 他说他第二天会来看我。
8. 我想知道为什么他迟到了。
9. 她还没有决定是否要出国留学。
10. 我认为他不对。(用否定转移)
三、答案与解析
一、用合适的连接词填空
1. 答案:that
解析:believe后接陈述事实的宾语从句,用that引导。that无实际含义,可以省略。句意:我相信你说的是实话。
2. 答案:if 或 whether
解析:ask后接一般疑问句转化来的宾语从句,表示“是否”,可用if或whether。句意:她问我是否能帮她搬那个箱子。
3. 答案:whether
解析:从句中出现or not,引导词只能用whether,不能用if。句意:我不知道他是否会来。
4. 答案:that
解析:said后接陈述事实的宾语从句,用that引导,可以省略。句意:他说他第二天会去看望他的祖母。
5. 答案:whether
解析:介词about后的宾语从句只能用whether,不能用if。句意:我们正在考虑是否应该接受这个提议。
6. 答案:if 或 whether
解析:wonder(想知道)后接一般疑问句转化来的宾语从句,表示“是否”,可用if或whether。句意:我想知道她是否完成了作业。
7. 答案:whether
解析:whether to do是固定结构,表示“是否做某事”,此时不能用if。句意:她还没有决定是留下还是离开。
8. 答案:that
解析:told us后接陈述事实的宾语从句。“地球围绕太阳转”是客观真理,用that引导。句意:老师告诉我们地球围绕太阳转。
9. 答案:if 或 whether
解析:doesn't know后接一般疑问句转化来的宾语从句,表示“是否”,可用if或whether。句意:他不知道是否应该去参加派对。
10. 答案:whether
解析:介词on后的宾语从句只能用whether,不能用if。句意:这取决于明天是否下雨。
二、选择正确的选项
1. 答案:B
解析:从句表达的是“是否”的含义,需要用if或whether。that引导陈述性从句,没有“是否”的含义。句意:我不知道他明天是否会来。
2. 答案:C
解析:said后接陈述事实的宾语从句,用that引导。said的内容是一个陈述(她会帮我),而不是疑问。句意:她说她会帮我学英语。
3. 答案:B
解析:从句表达的是“医院在哪里”的含义,需要疑问词where引导。that和if/whether都不符合。句意:你能告诉我最近的医院在哪里吗?
4. 答案:C
解析:从句中出现or not,引导词只能用whether。虽然if在某些情况下可与or not连用,但正式用法中whether更标准。句意:我想知道他是不是医生。
5. 答案:B
解析:asked us后接一般疑问句转化来的宾语从句,表示“是否”,用if或whether。句意:老师问我们是否完成了作业。
6. 答案:C
解析:think后接陈述事实的宾语从句,用that引导。句意:我认为他是个好学生。
7. 答案:C
解析:从句表达的是“他为什么迟到”的含义,需要疑问词why引导。that和if/whether不符合。句意:你知道他为什么又迟到了吗?
8. 答案:B
解析:asked me后接一般疑问句转化来的宾语从句,表示“是否”,用if或whether。选项中只有whether符合。句意:她问我是否想和她一起去购物。
9. 答案:C
解析:do后面缺少宾语,what在从句中充当do的宾语。what to do是固定结构。句意:我不知道接下来该做什么。
10. 答案:C
解析:从句中出现“he would come or stay at home”这一选择结构,用whether引导。注意or连接两个选项时,常用whether。句意:他没有告诉我他是来还是待在家里。
三、将下列句子改为宾语从句
1. 答案:I want to know if/whether he is a teacher.
解析:一般疑问句改为宾语从句,用if或whether引导,从句改为陈述句语序(he is a teacher,而非is he a teacher)。
2. 答案:Can you tell me where she lives?
解析:特殊疑问句改为宾语从句,用原疑问词where引导,从句改为陈述句语序(she lives,而非does she live)。
3. 答案:The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
解析:陈述句改为宾语从句,用that引导。“地球围绕太阳转”是客观真理,主句虽为过去时(told),从句仍用一般现在时。
4. 答案:She asked me if/whether I would come to her birthday party.
解析:一般疑问句改为宾语从句,用if或whether引导,从句改为陈述句语序。注意人称变化:you改为I,my改为her,will改为would(与主句过去时asked一致)。
5. 答案:I think (that) he has finished his homework.
解析:陈述句改为宾语从句,用that引导。that可以省略。
6. 答案:Do you know why he was late?
解析:特殊疑问句改为宾语从句,用原疑问词why引导,从句改为陈述句语序(he was late,而非was he late)。
7. 答案:I wonder if/whether she likes music.
解析:一般疑问句改为宾语从句,用if或whether引导,从句改为陈述句语序(she likes,而非does she like)。
8. 答案:My father always says (that) practice makes perfect.
解析:陈述句改为宾语从句,用that引导。“熟能生巧”是格言,用一般现在时makes。
9. 答案:Could you tell me when the train will arrive?
解析:特殊疑问句改为宾语从句,用原疑问词when引导,从句改为陈述句语序(the train will arrive,而非will the train arrive)。
10. 答案:I'm afraid (that) he didn't pass the exam.
解析:afraid后接宾语从句,用that引导。句意:恐怕他没有通过考试。
四、改错
1. 答案:I want to know if/whether he will come tomorrow.
解析:want to know表达“想知道”的含义,后接的是疑问内容,应该用if或whether引导,表示“是否”。that用于陈述性从句,不符合语境。
2. 答案:She asked me if/whether I liked the gift.
解析:ask表示“询问”,后接的内容应该是一个疑问。用that表示陈述,不符合语境。改为if或whether表示“是否”。
3. 答案:Can you tell me where he lives?
解析:宾语从句必须使用陈述句语序,将does he live改为he lives。疑问句语序是错误的。
4. 答案:I don't know whether or not he will come. 或 I don't know whether he will come or not.
解析:or not直接跟在引导词后面时,只能用whether,不能用if。if or not是错误的表达。
5. 答案:He said that he would come to the party.
解析:主句为过去时(said),从句需要用相应的过去时态。will应改为过去将来时would。
6. 答案:The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
解析:“光比声音传播快”是客观真理,无论主句是什么时态,从句永远用一般现在时。traveled应改为travels。
7. 答案:I don't think he is right.
解析:think引导的宾语从句,否定词应转移到主句中,形成否定转移。I think he isn't right应改为I don't think he is right。
8. 答案:She hasn't decided whether to go abroad.
解析:whether to do是固定结构,表示“是否做某事”,此时不能用if。if不能直接接动词不定式。
9. 答案:I don't know whether he is a doctor or a nurse.
解析:表示选择关系(是医生还是护士)时,用whether引导。that用于陈述,不表示选择。
10. 答案:He asked me what my name was.
解析:宾语从句必须使用陈述句语序。what was my name应改为what my name was。
五、句型转换
1. 答案:He said that he didn't come to school because he was ill.
解析:将直接引语改为间接引语,用that引导宾语从句,主句谓语由said承担。
2. 答案:He said that he would call me the next day.
解析:直接引语改为间接引语时,人称I改为he,you改为me,tomorrow改为the next day,will call改为would call。
3. 答案:She said that she had finished her work.
解析:直接引语改为间接引语时,人称I改为she,现在完成时have finished改为过去完成时had finished。
4. 答案:Tom asked me if/whether I liked playing football.
解析:一般疑问句改为间接引语,用if或whether引导,从句改为陈述句语序。人称you改为I,时态一般现在时改为一般过去时。
5. 答案:She asked me where I bought that book.
解析:特殊疑问句改为间接引语,用原疑问词where引导,从句改为陈述句语序。人称you改为I,this改为that。
6. 答案:I don't think he is honest.
解析:think引导的宾语从句,否定词应转移到主句中。I think he is not honest改为I don't think he is honest。
7. 答案:I don't know what to do next.
解析:当主句主语与从句主语一致时,宾语从句可以简化为“疑问词 + to do”。I don't know what I should do next中的what I should do可简化为what to do。
8. 答案:She wondered which dress to choose.
解析:which dress she should choose中的主语she与主句主语一致,可简化为which dress to choose。
9. 答案:I don't know whether to accept the invitation.
解析:whether I should accept可简化为whether to accept。注意只能用whether,不能用if。
10. 答案:He asked me when to leave.
解析:when he should leave中的主语he与主句主语一致,可简化为when to leave。
六、翻译句子
1. 答案:I think (that) he will come to the party.
解析:“认为”用think,“会来”用will come,宾语从句用that引导(可省略)。
2. 答案:I wonder if/whether he likes this gift.
解析:“想知道”用wonder,“是否”用if或whether,宾语从句用陈述句语序。
3. 答案:The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
解析:“光比声音传播得快”是客观真理,用一般现在时travels,不用过去时。
4. 答案:Can you tell me where the bank is?
解析:特殊疑问句“银行在哪里”改为宾语从句,用where引导,陈述句语序the bank is。
5. 答案:She asked me if/whether I had finished my homework.
解析:“是否”用if或whether,“已经完成了”主句asked为过去时,从句用过去完成时had finished。
6. 答案:I'm not sure if/whether he will come.
解析:“不确定”用not sure,“是否会来”用if/whether引导宾语从句。
7. 答案:He said that he would come to see me the next day.
解析:主句said为过去时,从句“第二天”用the next day,“会”用would。
8. 答案:I want to know why he was late.
解析:“为什么”用why引导宾语从句,陈述句语序he was late。
9. 答案:She hasn't decided whether to study abroad.
解析:“是否要出国留学”简化为whether to study abroad,注意不能用if。
10. 答案:I don't think he is right.
解析:否定转移结构。不说I think he isn't right,而说I don't think he is right。
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