高中英语语法-- 定语从句2027年高考英语一轮复习课件

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦定语从句专题，依据高考评价体系梳理了关系代词、关系副词用法及特殊情形（如只用that、as引导等），通过易混点对比（when/that、why/which等）明确高频考点分布，归纳语法填空、完形填空、书面表达中的常考题型，构建系统备考框架。 课件亮点在于“考点精讲+实战训练+思维建模”策略，如通过“找从句-判成分-选关系词”三步解题法培养思维品质，结合小练一中where/which辨析题提升语言能力。特设易错陷阱警示和高仿真练习，助力学生掌握答题技巧，教师可据此精准教学，实现高效冲刺。

The Attributive Clause 1 一、什么是定语？ 定语：修饰限定名词的句子成分， 要翻译成“…的” a tall girl a car key an interesting person a developed country 定语前置 a way to learn maths the road to success the book written by the man the man sleeping in the room 定语后置 There are 100 students left. There are 100 students left, who are listening carefully. 二、定语从句相关概念 定义：在复合句中作定语的句子。 （放在名词或代词后面） The boy who is reading is Tom. 先行词 关系代词 修饰 关系词作用： 1.引导作用 2. 替代作用 3. 在定语从句中充当一定成分 关 系 词 that 关系代词 关系副词 which who whom whose when where why which 指物，在定语从句中作主 、宾。 作宾语时，可省略。 which eg: China is a country has a long history. ● 先行词 关系代词 which 三、关系代词引导的定从 eg: China is a country _______ I want to visit. which that指人/物，在定语从句中作主、宾、表。 作宾语时，可省略。 that eg: China is a country has a long history. ● 在从句中作主语 that eg: China is a country ______ I want to visit. that 在从句中作宾语 eg: China is no longer a country ______ it used to be. that 在从句中作表语 China is no longer ______ it used to be. what 判断从句类型 who指人,在定语从句中作主、宾。 作宾语时，可省略。 whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。 who/whom ● A couch potato is a person spends a lot of time watching. The student _________ I taught two years ago has joined the army. 先行词 关系代词 who whom/who 关系代词 先行词 whose指人/物, 在定语从句中作定语 。不可省略。 whose The boy father is a teacher is a new classmate of mine. My daughter bought a useful dictionary cover was printed “Oxford University”． ● 先行词 关系代词 先行词 关系代词 whose whose 关系代词 先行词 关系代词代替先行词在定从中作 关系代词是否可省略 who whom whose that which 关系代词表格要牢记 人 人 人/物 人/物 物 主/宾/表 宾 定 主/宾/表 主/宾 宾语 可省 其余 不可省 把两个简单句用定从合并成一个复合句 1）A nurse is a person. A nurse looks after patients in the hospital. 2）The patient is my friend. The nurse is looking after the patient. A nurse is a person who look after patients in the hospital. The patient who/whom/that the nurse is looking after is my friend. 把两个简单句用定从合并成一个复合句 3）The old temple needs repairing. The old temple’s roof was damaged in a storm. 4) The boy cried sadly. The boy’s watch was lost. The old temple whose roof was damaged in a storm needs repairing. The boy whose watch was lost cried sadly. 1. The noodles that// which I cooked were delicious. 翻译：我煮的面条很好吃。 2. The woman who// that spoke to me in the shop is my aunt. 翻译：在商店里和我说话的那个妇女是我的姨妈。 3. Hefei is no longer the city that it used to be. 翻译：合肥不再是它以前的样子了。 4. China is a country that// which has a long history. 翻译：中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。 5. The fish that// which we bought this morning was not fresh. 翻译：我们今天早晨买的鱼不新鲜。 6.She is the manager that// whom//who you want to know. 翻译：她就是你想认识的那个经理。 7. I know a boy whose father is an engineer. 翻译：我认识一个男孩，他的父亲是位工程师。 关系代词只用that不用which的情形 (1)当不定代词something，nothing，all，both, much，few，any， little等作先行词或修饰先行词，只用that，不用which。 * This is all ________ we have learned from her. (2)先行词被the only，the very, the last等修饰时 * These are the very points ________ puzzle me. (3)先行词为序数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。 * This is the most beautiful city ________ I have visited in China. (that) that (that) (4)先行词既有人，又有物时。 * He talked about the men and the places ______attracted him. (5)主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时。 * Which is the bike _______ you lost? * Who is the girl _______ you spoke to just now? (6)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，只能用that。 * China isn’t the country _______ it was. that (that) that (that) 关系代词不用that的情形 (1)非限制性定语从句中，不用that。 Tom passed the exam, which made us surprised. (2)关系代词前有介词时。 * I still miss the house in which I lived 10 years ago. (3)先行词是that或those时。 * I don't like those which he gave me. 【 关系代词as 】 as 引导定语从句时，在从句中作主、宾、表。 *As we know, Lei Feng is a warm-hearted man. (宾语) *We have found such materials as are used in their factory. (主语) *He is not the same man as he was.（表语） She is so nice a girl as we all like. as 引导定语从句: As we (all) know, As is well known, As is known to us all, As we can see, 正如我们所看到的 As is mentioned above, 正如上面所提到那样 As is often the case, 正如通常情况这样 As is expected, 正如所预料那样 四、关系副词引导的定从 关系副词 先行词 关系副词在定从中作 关系副词是否可省略 when where why 关系副词表格要牢记 时间 地点 reason 时间状语 地点状语 原因状语 × Exercise 1.October 1,1949 is the day _____ the PRC was founded. which B. when C. that D. on that 2.Is that the reason _____ you are for the plan. which B. what C. why D. for that 3. Is this the place ______ you were born? A. which B.where C.what D.that 【注意】如scene, position, situation, condition, case, point, stage, level, atmosphere, state(状态,情形)等 表示“情况，状况”等的名词作先行词时，且在定从中作状语，常用where引导定从。 They had to face the conditions _________ pressure was heavy. where How to解题？ 1. 找出定语从句 2. 判断定从中成分是否完整 3. 选择适当的关系词 This is the place we have lived for 5 years. we have lived in for 5 years. The reason _________ he didn’t come was that he was injured. __________ he gave is not very good. where which why that/which 几点补充 介词+which/whom 引导的定从 根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配 This is the book I spent 8 dollars. This is the book I paid 8 dollars. on which for which 介词如何选用？ 2. 根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定 I remember the day I joined the Party. I remember the year I lived there. 3. 根据句意来决定。 I have only 3 pens, two are broken. Water is very important for us we can't live. on which in which 当介词放在关系代词前，代词只能用which或whom of which without which whose指人或物， “...的”，在从句中作定语。 I know a boy ______father is an engineer. 我认识一个男孩，他的父亲是位工程师。 She saw a film ______name she has forgotten. 她看了一部电影，名字她忘记了。 (作定语) (作定语) whose whose 不可省 whose在定语从句中指人时可说成“the＋名词＋of whom”或“of whom＋the＋名词”的形式。 The boy mother is a doctor is my friend. ＝ The boy is a doctor is my friend. ＝The boy is a doctor is my friend. 妈妈是医生的男孩，是我的朋友。 whose of whom the mother the mother of whom whose在定语从句中指物时可说成“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”的形式。 He has written a book name I've forgotten. ＝He has written a book I've forgotten. ＝He has written a book I've forgotten. 他写了一本书，我忘了书名。 whose the name of which of which the name the way “方式/方法”后的定语从句 I don’t like the way you speak to her. 2. You speak to her in the way I don’t like. in which / that / 省略 which /that /省 定语从句 ☞ 关系代词 as ① 在从句中通常做主语、宾语，代指整个主句的内容；      ② 表示的意思是“正如，正像”； ③ 其引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前、中、后。 As 引导的非限制性定语从句 1. As we all know, Taiwan is a part of China. （as在从句中做know的宾语，代指整个主句。） 2. The compass, as is well-known to all, was invented in ancient China.. （as在从句中做主语，代指整个主句。） 3. She is always working hard, as we see. （as在从句中做see的宾语，代指整个主句。） as/which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 1. 先行词：as 的先行词一般为整个主句； 而which 可指代整个主句，也可指代主句的一部分。 She is always working hard, as we see. The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting. 2. 从句位置： as引导的从句可置于句首，句中或句尾。 而which引导的定语从句只能置于主句之后。 As everyone can see, she is very honest. She is honest, which everyone can see. As 引导的非限制性定语从句 3. 意义：as 引导非限制性定语从句时常译为“正如”， which常译为“这，那”。 As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health. Tom suddenly fell ill, which made us very sad. As 引导的非限制性定语从句 考点：as 用作关系代词，既可指人，也可指物。 当先行词前有such / so 、as 、the same 修饰时，同时定语从句缺少主语或宾语时，应使用关系代词as，即 such/so ... as..., the same ... as ...， as ... as ... Such teachers as know Tom think him smart. 2. I will buy the same dictionary as you have. 3. There is so warm a house as we want to live in. 4. She will marry as healthy a man as she can find. As 引导的限制性定语从句 There is so warm a house _______we want to live in. He has so difficult a problem, _______ none of us can solve. He has so difficult a problem ________ none of us can solve it. as as that 小练一下 易混点1: such/so…as… 和such/so…that…的区别 1.He is such a clever boy _______ everyone likes. 2.He is such a clever boy _______ everyone likes him. such/so … as… 引导定语从句，从句中as 要做成分 such/so … that… 引导状语从句，从句中that 不做成分 As 引导的限制性定语从句 as that 易混点2: the same…as… 和the same…that…的区别 (引导的都是定语从句) I have bought the same book as you have. This is the same book that I bought last week. As 引导的限制性定语从句 the same … as 同一类人或物 the same … that 同一人或物 （两本书） （同一本书） 定语从句 ☞ 易混句子 I still remember the days _______ I worked in the factory. I still remember the days __________ I spent with my colleagues. 易混 1 when that/which 易混 2 We were on the way _______ it began to rain. I don’t like the way __________ you speak to your parents. when that when引导的时间状从 the way作先行词的特殊定语从句 the way + (that / in which) + 定语从句 ...的方式 Mr Zheng didn’t know the reason _______ he was absent. Mr Zheng couldn’t accept the reason __________ he explained. 易混 3 why that/which 易混 4 This is _______ he said at the meeting yesterday. This is all __________ he said at the meeting yesterday. what that 表语从句 定语从句 We’re just trying to reach a point ______ both sides will sit down together and talk. Remember that there is still one point ___________ we must make clear tomorrow. 易混 5 where 易混 6 He has three sons, and one of ___________ is an engineer. He has three sons, one of___________ is an engineer. that/which them and引导的两个简单并列句 whom _______ is reported in the newspaper, they have beaten Pacers. _______ is reported in the newspaper that they have beaten Pacers. _______ is reported in the newspaper is that they have beaten Pacers. 易混 7 As It 易混 8 This is the house_______ windows haven’t been cleaned for months. This is the house ____ ____ the windows haven’t been cleaned for months. What whose ...的 of which It was in the hospital___________ he came across a friend of his. It was the hospital___________ he came across a friend of his. 易混 9 that 易混 10 Tokyo is such an attractive place _____everyone likes to visit. Tokyo is such an attractive place _____everyone likes to visit it. where as that 定语从句 状语从句 Exercise 定语从句专练 小练一 1. Is this the place ______ you were born? A. which B.where C.what D.that 2. Is this the place ______ some German friends visited last year? A. which B.where C.what D. why 3.The house _______ the famous writer wrote his works is a museum now. A. which B.where C.what D.that 4.The house _______ the famous writer bought many years ago is a museum now. A. that B.where C.what D. why 5.He told her the reason___ he is unhappy, but she doesn’t believe the reason ______ he gives her. A. why; why B. why; which C. that; why D. which; why 6. This is the first play ________ I have seen since I came here. 7. I’ve never heard of the people and things ________ you talked about just now. 8. The books on the desk, ______ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.   that that whose   9.Some passers-by witnessed the car accident five passengers were killed, a baby included. 10. The house ________ __________ I lived ten years ago is old enough.   where in which  11.There are many people _____ ___ you can turn when you are in trouble. 12. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, my grandparents and some relatives live.   to whom where 13. Who is the girl _______is standing under the tree?  14. Which is the machine ____ we used last Sunday. 当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that. that that 55 小练二 1. The video, ______length was just 7 seconds, has been viewed more than 19 million times in just two days. 2. To those _________have read the book, the young actors and actresses brought the characters alive again.   3. ___is expected, these programs should be positive in their forms as well as functions. 4. Here are my neighbours ________home was destroyed by earthquake. 5. The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people _________were asleep. whose who As whose that/ who 6. The next day people put up shelters in the open air made with anything _______ they could find. 7. Several days later most of the buildings __________had been damaged were repaired. 8. This frightened boy _______ mother were lost in the disaster is looking for her now. 9. The man with__________ you are going to make friends is my father’s neighbour. 10. ______ is often the case, he is absent. (that) that/which whose whom As 11. We should read such books__________ will make us better and wiser. 12. A young man had a new girl friend, ______ is a teacher. 13. Because of my poor memory, all__________you told me has been forgotten. 14. Alice received an invitation from her boss, __________ came as a surprise. 15. The old man had three sons, all of __________died during the World War Ⅱ. 16.We went to see our friend ______ husband lost his life in the earthquake. as who that which whom whose 带定语从句的谚语： 1. God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助之。 2. He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。 3. He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉。 绕口令： I thought a thought. But the thought I thought was not the thought I thought I thought. 我思考一个问题。可是，我所思考的问题并不是我认为自己正在思考的问题 感谢收看 $