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高三一轮复习讲义 外研版
必修 第一册
Unit 6 At one with nature
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核心知识巩固
02
探究必备知识
语基自主学习
01
内容索引
05
单元测评
04
提升关键能力
06
阶段测评
语基自主学习
返回
1.sheet n. (冰或水等的)一大片
2.terrace n. 梯田
3.dynasty n. 朝代
4.steep adj. 陡的,陡峭的
5.shallow adj. 浅的
6.vapour n. 蒸气
7.mineral n. 矿物,矿产
8.barrier n. 障碍,壁垒
9.reef n. 礁
注: 表示熟词生义; 表示反义词
Ⅰ.阅读单词
10.basin n. 盆地, 低洼地
11.canyon n. 峡谷
12.valley n. 谷,山谷
13.platform n. 高台,平台
14.waterfall n. 瀑布
15.channel n. 海峡
16.tunnel n. 隧道
17.camel n. 骆驼
18.desert n. 沙漠,荒漠
19.green fingers 高超的种植技能
20.sunflower n. 向日葵
21.rooftop n. 屋顶
22.thistle n. 蓟
23.herb n. (用于调味)香草
1.wrap v. 包,裹
2.frost n. 霜
3.therefore adv. 因此,由此
4.soil n. 土壤
5.crop n. 庄稼,作物
6.material n. 材料
7.priority n. 优先处理的事,当务之急
8.beauty n. 美,美丽
9.structure n. 结构,构造,组织
10.living adj. 活的,活着的
Ⅱ.核心单词
11.organism n. 生物,有机体
12.grand adj. 宏伟的,壮丽的
13.narrow adj. 狭窄的,不宽的
14.thunder v. 打雷
15.climate n. 气候
16.inside adv. 在(建筑物、房间)内
17.publish v. 出版
18.expert adj. 内行的,专家的
19.branch n. 树枝
20.rent v. 租用,租借
21.flavour n. 味,味道
1.observe v.观察;监视
→observation n.观察;观测
→observer n.观测者
→observatory n.天文台,观象台
2.consume v.消耗,耗费
→consumer n.消费者
→consumption n.消费,消耗
3.harm v.伤害,损害
→harmful adj.有害的
→ harmless adj.无害的
Ⅲ.拓展单词
4.please v.(使)开心,(使)满意
→pleased adj.感到高兴的,满意的
→pleasing adj.令人高兴的,令人满意的
→pleasure n.快乐,满足
→pleasant adj.令人愉快的
5.prevent v.阻挡,防止
→prevention n.阻挡,防止
→preventive adj.防备的;预防性的
6.complete vt.完成
→completion n.完成,结束
→completely adv.完全地;彻底地
7.limit vt.限制
→limited adj.有限的
→limitation n.限制
→ limitless adj.无限制的
8.sail v.(乘船)航行
→sailor n.海员
→sailing n.航海
9.replace v.以……替换,更换
→replacement n.取代,代替
10.design v.设计
→designer n.设计师
11.agriculture n.农业
→agricultural adj.农业的
12.harmony n.融洽相处,和谐
→harmonious adj.和谐的;融洽的
13.frost n.霜
→frosty adj.有霜的
14.system n.系统
→systematic adj.系统的
→systematically adv.系统地
15.region n.地区,区域
→regional adj.地区的,区域的
16.energy n.力量,活力
→energetic adj.精力充沛的
→energetically adv.精力充沛地
17.benefit n.好处,益处
→beneficial adj.有益的,有利的
→beneficially adv.有益地
18.narrow adj.狭窄的,不宽的
→narrowly adv.狭隘地;勉强地
构词法:以-de/-d/-t等结尾的动词,变名词时后缀可以是-sion/-ssion,表示性质或行为。
①conclude得出结论→conclusion结论 decide决定→decision决定
②extend延伸→extension延伸 expand扩张;增加→expansion扩张;增加
③admit准许;承认→admission准许加入
1.go to(the)trouble to do sth 不辞劳苦做某事;费力做某事
2.turn...into... 把……变成……
3.prevent...from... 防止……遭受……
4.wash away 冲掉;冲走
5.pass down 传递;传下来
6.reflect on 仔细考虑,思考
7.lead to 引起,导致
8.at one with 完全一致;是……的一部分;与……融为一体
9.from the bottom to the very top 从底部到顶端
10.in harmony with 与……协调一致;与……和谐相处
Ⅳ.重点短语
11.in doubt 存在疑问;怀疑
12.be home to 是……的所在地;是……的家园
13.plenty of 许多
1.Summer sees the mountains turn bright green with growing rice.(无灵主语)
盛夏,佳禾吐绿,将群山染成一片青翠。
2.Reaching as far as the eye can see,these terraces cover tall mountains,often from the bottom to the very top.(分词短语作伴随状语)
目之所及,梯田包裹着巍峨的高山,往往从山脚一直盘旋到山顶。
3.During the rainy season,it is along these waterways that rainwater moves down the mountains and into the terraces.(强调句型)
在雨季,雨水会沿着这些水渠从山上流下进入梯田。
Ⅴ.经典句型
探究必备知识
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design(教材义)v.设计;(补充义)筹划,制订n.设计;图案;计划
先练透
①(2025·浙江1月卷)Yet as Martin has found in her work,gender is one of the fundamental ways people form connections with objects,particularly those ________(design)with human characteristics.
②(2025·浙江1月卷)Dutch plantsman and ________(design)Piet Oudolf's gardens popularized this style,adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes...
③(2025·全国二卷)Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews,it ________ _______________________(从一开始就被设计) as a short-lived experiment...
1
designed
designer
was
designed from the start
④(读后续写之景色描写)如画的风景是大自然精心设计的,起伏的山丘、巨大的瀑布和茂密的森林描绘了一幅令人惊叹的杰作。
The picturesque landscape _______________________________________,with rolling hills,vast waterfalls,and thick forests that painted a breathtaking masterpiece.
was deliberately designed by nature
(1)be designed for... 为……而设计
(2)be designed to do... 为做……而设计;目的是……
(3)by design 故意地;有意为之
(4)designer n. 设计师
再归纳
limited adj.有限的
先练透
①(2025·全国一卷)The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool _________(limit)intake.
②Once we found the place,it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the _______(limit)time.
③(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Inside the office,they encourage recycling and waste reduction by ________(limit)garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.
④(读后续写之主旨升华)人的生命是有限的,可是为人民服务是无限的。
There is a limit to one's life,but there is ____________________________.
2
to limit
limited
limiting
no limit to serving the people
(1)limit...to... 把……限制在……内
be limited to... 仅限于……
(2)limit n. 限制,限度
without limit 无限制地
there is a/no limit to(doing)sth 对(做)某事是有限/无限的
再归纳
benefit(教材义)n.好处,益处;(补充义)n.救济金v.对(某人)有用,使受益
先练透
①(2025·浙江1月卷)The ________(benefit)are substantial for both the gardener and planet.
②(2025·八省联考卷改编)Scientists at Radboud University conducted a study to determine when exercise was most __________(benefit)to learning.
③The students __________(benefit)most from college are those who are totally engaged in academic life.
④(读后续写之主旨升华)他没想到这个小小的善举会让他受益良多。
It never occurred to him that his small act of kindness would _______________ _______.
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benefits
beneficial
benefiting
benefit him so
much
(1)benefit from/by... 从……中受益;得益于……
(2)be of(great)benefit to...= be(very)beneficial to...
对……(非常)有益;(非常)有益于……
(3)for the benefit of... 为了……的利益
(4)beneficial adj. 有益的
再归纳
replace v.以……替换,更换
先练透
①(2025·全国一卷)Describing her alarm at its proposed _____________
(replace)with an expressway,Jane Jacobs called on her mayor(市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live...”
②(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)After harvest,users simply replace the plants ____ a new pre-seeded pod(容器)to get the next growth cycle started.
③In these chapters,I examine issues such as the importance of solitude and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure ___________(replace)the time most now spent on mindless device use.
4
replacement
with
to replace
④(读后续写之情感细节)我取代他成为学校戏剧中的主角,这让全班同学大为震惊。
I ___________________________________ in the school drama,which came as a big shock to the class.
replaced him as the leading role
(1)be replaced by 被……替换/取代
(2)take the place of sb=take sb's place 代替某人
in place of 代替
(3)replace...as... 取代……而成为……
再归纳
harm(教材义)v.伤害,损害;(补充义)n.伤害,损害
先练透
①(2025·浙江1月卷)While gendering a product may be good marketing,it may also strengthen outdated or _______(harm)ideas about power and identity.
②Lots of bad behavior still exists in our school, _______________________ (这对……有巨大的危害)the image of our school.
③(读后续写之动作语言描写)我用手捂住电话,低声告诉她我没有恶意。
I cupped my hand over the phone,whispering that __________________.
5
harmful
which does great harm to
I meant no harm
(1)do/cause harm to sb=do/cause sb harm 对某人造成损害/伤害
(2)harmful adj. 有害的
be harmful to... 对……有害
(3)There is no harm in doing sth 做某事没有害处
再归纳
go to trouble to do sth费尽周折做某事
先练透
①(2025·江苏调研卷)One afternoon, _______________________________
(感到困扰和不确定) about my future after a disappointing exam,I decided to knock on Mrs.Thompson's door.
②(中国元素)我的朋友颇费周折地获得了一套正宗的中国茶具,以便于充分体验中国传统茶道的优雅和宁静。
My friend _____________________________________ an authentic Chinese tea set to fully experience the elegance and quietness of traditional Chinese tea ceremonies.
6
feeling troubled and uncertain
went to great trouble to acquire
③(读后续写之动作情绪描写)街上的一位女士看到他遇上了麻烦,就过去帮他,对此他非常感激。
A woman in the street saw that he __________________________________,for which he was quite grateful.
was in trouble and came to his aid
take the trouble to do 不辞辛劳地做
get into/out of trouble 陷入/摆脱困境
save sb the trouble of doing sth 省去了某人做某事的麻烦
have(no)trouble(in)doing sth 做某事(不)费力
in trouble 陷入困境;处于困境;遇上麻烦
再归纳
句型公式:表达“见证”的拟人用法(无灵主语句)
先练透
①(2025·全国一卷读后续写) ________________________________________ __________________(接下来的几个小时见证了我们在外面散步) and talking open-heartedly.
②The track _______________________________________________(见证了大卫参加比赛的场景)to the best of his ability.
③(2024·全国甲卷)近年来,中国的交通格局发生了显著变化。
_______________________________________________________ in China's transportation landscape.
7
The next few hours witnessed us taking a walk
outside
saw/witnessed David participating in the race
Recent years have witnessed/seen remarkable changes
(1)see意为“见证,目睹,经历”时,常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语,表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。
(2)与see用法相同的动词有find,witness,say,experience等,这些词在句中作谓语,用物作主语时,表示一种拟人的手法,以增添语言色彩,使表达更形象。
再归纳
核心知识巩固
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维度一 词汇语境运用
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2025·浙江1月卷)However,obtaining items that are rare,recently _________(publish)or in high demand may take longer.
2.(2025·浙江1月卷)Instead,she recommends applying a well-known concept among nutrition _______ (expert)called the “Division of Responsibility”...
3.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Moreover,these data are biased and favor certain _______ (region),time periods,and species.
4.(2024·全国甲卷)Learn about the _________ (material)and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab.
published
experts
regions
materials
5.Here is some advice on how to make a trip by rail as ________ (pleasure)as possible.
6.They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the ____________ (agriculture)economy.
pleasant
agricultural
Ⅱ.语篇语境填空
In our fast-paced world,it's crucial to find moments to be at one with nature.When we step into the forest,it's like 1.______________(wrap) in a peaceful embrace.The trees stand tall,their trunks like strong pillars,2.___ the leaves rustle gently in the breeze,creating a 3._________________(harmony) symphony.
The forest floor is covered with 4.______(sheet) of fallen leaves,a natural carpet that 5.__________(beauty) the area.However,we,as consumers,must be aware that our actions can harm this delicate ecosystem.Nowadays,many species 6.__________________(harm)due to human activities.
being wrapped
and
harmonious
sheets
beautifies
are(being)harmed
7.__________(prevent) further damage is our responsibility.We should work towards the 8.__________(complete) of conservation projects.For example,we can focus on protecting endangered plants and animals.By doing so,we can ensure that future generations can also experience 9.___ beauty of being at one with nature.
Let's remember that we are part of this natural world,and only by living in harmony with it can we 10._____(true)find peace and a sense of belonging.
Preventing
completion
the
truly
维度二 阅读理解清障
Ⅰ.熟词生义/一词多义(写出句中加黑词汇的词性及汉语意思)
1.(2025·全国二卷)
M:Don't worry,Alice.Just pay as much as you can and I'll make up the rest.
W:Thank you.Then I can place the order. _________________________
2.(2025·全国一卷)The fuels for transport need to be not just green,cheap and powerful,but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around.
_______________
3.(2023·全国甲卷) ...who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name,opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010. ________
v. 发出(订单);订购
adj. 环保的
n.分店
4.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)In doing so,I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. ________
5.(2023·浙江1月卷)He gathered handfuls of damp tree leaves,wrapped them with string,and lit the bunch to create a torch(火把). ______________
vt.进行
v.用……缠绕
Ⅱ.构词训练
(写出下列黑体词的构词方法和词义)
构词
规则 ①“-ology”是一个名词后缀,添加在词根后构成名词,用来表示“……学”“……论”“……研究”,代表对某一特定领域的系统研究。
②“-ological”是形容词后缀,它由“-ology”派生而来,添加在词根后构成形容词,意思是“与……学有关的”“……学的”,用于描述和某一学科相关的事物或特征。
③“-ologist”是名词后缀,加在词根后构成名词,指“从事……学科研究的人”“……学家”,代表在某一特定学科领域进行专业研究的人员。
1.(2025·全国二卷)Ho recognizes the psychological benefit of helping kids keep up with their peers(同龄人) outside the hospital.
__________________________________________________
2.(2025·全国二卷)From technological solutions to educational campaigns,food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we're already growing.
_____________________________________________
3.Many biologists are working on finding a cure for this rare disease.
________________________________________________________________
psychology n.心理学→psychological adj.心理学的
technology n.技术→technological adj.技术上的
biology n.生物学→biological adj.生物学的→biologist n.生物学家
提升关键能力
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Part 1.应用文增分练
请结合本单元话题,用单元词汇句型完成下面的应用文写作,并背诵。
【情境呈现】
你校上周举行了一次郊外湖边生态旅游活动,英语老师要求同学们写一篇英文日记,记录活动内容和感受。要点包括:(1)旅游活动过程;(2)个人感受。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;2.请按如下格式作答。
Oct.12,2025 Sunny
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【布局谋篇】
首段 开篇提出
问题 Oct.12,2025 Sunny
Last weekend witnessed an eco-travel of our school to a lake in the suburb.
中段 解决方案 All the students from 10 classes participated in the activity.As scheduled,we set out at 9 am from the gate of the school,and
①________________________________________________(我们花了大约30分钟才到达湖边;it takes sb some time to do sth句型).The lake is surrounded by trees.We were struck by the beauty of its natural scenery.In addition,the air is fresh,and the water is clear,which seems to be in harmony with us.Benefiting a lot from the travel,I find myself full of energy.I also realise that we should not only enjoy nature,
②______________________________________(而且防止它受到伤害).
末段 个人观点 All in all,the eco-travel is a pleasant trip.
it took us about 30 minutes to arrive at the lake
but also prevent it from being harmed
【多元表达】
用which引导非限制性定语从句将下列两句合并为一个主从复合句:
The lake is surrounded by trees.We were struck by the beauty of its natural scenery.
The lake,③_______________________________,struck us with the beauty of its natural scenery.
which is surrounded by trees
2.读后续写提能练
拓展语料积累 情感细节描写之“感激、感动”
【语言素材】
名词/
动词 gratitude, appreciation, thankfulness, thank, move, touch, appreciate, choke 形容词/
副词 thankful,thankfully,grateful,gratefully,moved, touched
短语 ①have a deep gratitude towards对……深怀感激;②with gratitude/appreciation感激地; ③owe sb a lot/a great deal非常感激某人;④be deeply moved/touched by ...被……深深感动 流泪 ①shed tears of gratitude流下感激的泪水;②be moved to tears感动得落泪;
③with a lump in one's throat哽咽着
【靓句表达】
1.With tears of gratitude welling up in my eyes, I bowed deeply to my teacher to convey my heartfelt gratitude for her generous assistance.
感激的泪水在我的眼眶中打转,我向老师深深地鞠躬,以此表达我对她慷慨帮助的衷心感谢。
2.As he handed me the book I had been longing for, I looked at him with gratitude shining in my eyes.
当他把我一直渴望的那本书递给我时,我看着他,眼中闪烁着感激的光芒。
3.She was deeply moved by his selfless act of kindness.Her heart was filled with gratitude, and she determined to pay it forward someday.她被他无私的善举深深打动。她的心中充满了感激,并且下定决心有一天要把这份善意传递下去。
4.Learning what had happened,Peter's mother shed tears of joy and gratitude.
知道发生了什么后,彼得的母亲流下喜悦和感激的泪水。
5.We all have a deep gratitude towards the volunteers, whose selfless efforts made the community event a great success.我们都对志愿者们怀有深切的感激,他们的无私付出让这场社区活动圆满成功。
6.She owes her best friend a lot, because her friend stayed with her all night when she was going through a hard time.她很感激闺蜜,因为在她经历困难时,闺蜜陪了她一整晚。
续写语料运用 用表“感激、感动”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵
微场景:主题“善行互助”——被帮助后的“感激、感动”
At that time, a big wave of joy and warmth surged through my body.My throat tightened with emotions.I bowed ①__________ (grateful).I didn't even realize that my eyes had welled up, and ②___________________________________________
(感激的泪水在我的面颊滑落).③________________________________________
____________ (我哽咽着感谢他们的帮助).Afzal's mother wiped my tears and held me closer.Looking at her gentle smiles, I suddenly felt how lucky I was to have her help, and ④_______________________________________________(一种深深的感激之情在我心中不断涌起).
gratefully
tears of gratitude were rolling down my face
With a lump in my throat, I thanked them for
their help
a deep sense of gratitude kept welling up inside me
单元测评6 Unit 6 At one with nature
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Ⅰ.阅读理解(本题共8个小题,每小题2.5分,共20分)
A
Jane Jacobs spent her working life advancing a distinct vision of the city—in particular focusing on what makes a successful urban community.At the heart of her vision is the idea that urban life should be an energetic and rich affair, whereby people are able to interact with one another in dense(稠密的)and exciting urban environments.She prefers disorder to order, walking to driving, and diversity to uniformity.
For Jacobs, urban communities are organic beings that should be left to grow and change by themselves and not be subject to the grand plans of so-called experts and officials.The best judges of how a city should be—and how it should develop—are the local residents themselves.Jacobs argues that urban communities are best placed to understand how their city functions, because city life is created and sustained through their various interactions.
Jacobs notes that the built form of a city is crucial to the life of an urban community, especially the sidewalks.The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks, which allow people to meet, talk, and get to know one another.Such a complex but ultimately enriching set of encounters helps individuals know their neighbors and neighborhood better.
Diversity and mixed-use of space are also, for Jacobs, key elements of this urban form.The commercial, business, and residential elements of a city should not be separated out but instead be side by side, to allow for greater integration of people.There should also be a diversity of old and new buildings, and people's interactions should determine how buildings get used and reused.
Finally, urban communities grow better in places where a critical mass of people live, work, and interact.Such high-density spaces are, she feels, engines of creativity and vitality.They are also safe places to be, because the higher density means that there are more“eyes on the street”:shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighborhood.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕Jane Jacobs的城市愿景展开,介绍了她认为成功的城市社区应具备的要素,包含人际互动、空间利用方式和人口密度等方面。
1.What does Jacobs find most important for a successful urban community?
A.Efficient public transport.
B.Strong interaction between people.
C.Uniform style of buildings.
D.A comparatively large population.
细节理解题。根据第一 段中的“At the heart of her vision is the idea that urban life should be an energetic and rich affair, whereby people are able to interact with one another in dense(稠密的) and exciting urban environments.”可知,Jacobs认为对于一个成功的城市社区而言,最重要的是人们之间的互动。故选B。
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2.Who does Jacobs think should make decisions on urban development?
A.Local residents.
B.Government officials.
C.City planners.
D.Construction workers.
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The best judges of how a city should be—and how it should develop—are the local residents themselves.”可知,Jacobs 认为应该由当地居民来决定城市的发展。故选A。
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3.How does Jacobs suggest sidewalks be built?
A.Lined with plants.
B.Painted with clear signs.
C.Tightly connected.
D.Convenient for the old.
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks, which allow people to meet, talk, and get to know one another.”可知,Jacobs 认为人们居住的街道应该是密集交叉的人行道模式,这样能让人们见面、交谈和了解彼此。故选C。
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4.According to Jacobs, the “eyes on the street” bring a sense of __________.
A.pride B.comfort
C.security D.urgency
推理判断题。最后一段中的“They are also safe places to be, because the higher density means that there are more ‘eyes on the street’:shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighborhood.”表明这些“街道上的眼睛”(了解并密切关注该区域的店主和当地人)使得这些高密度空间成为安全的地方。由此可推知,“街道上的眼睛”带来的是安全感。故选C。
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B
Like other cities in New Jersey's Rust Belt(铁锈地带),Paterson has fallen on hard times, with its once-famous textile(纺织品) industry in disrepair and its schools abandoned.
Strickland, an expert in school design and instructor at MIT, had been hired as a consultant to help Paterson find sites for new schools.The architect hatched a grand plan to help revitalize(使 复 兴) Paterson's schools and the city itself.
Six career academies are holding classes at old sites.These small changes have not gone unnoticed.The city, as the residents expected, has the potential to shine.A nearly unoccupied three-story shopping mall houses two schools, one focused on medical careers, the other on media arts and urban planning.English and math teachers for the two schools lead classes in storefronts that were empty just a year ago.Across town, under the thick wooden beams(横 梁) of an old textile factory and a train engine plant, students with disabilities will learn about careers with the region's transportation systems.
Strickland requires his graduate students at MIT to help Paterson construct models for new building projects in the city.Jane Riesman, one of Strickland's students, has been working with her kids on an educational park that would replace a wasteland of lifeless asphalt(沥青)and grass that stretches between two downtown schools.The surrounding neighborhood is hardly inspiring;pulling down of high-rise housing project is underway, showering dust everywhere.But Riesman's students envision a very different place.One of the student models includes a swimming pool, skating court, climbing wall, sandbox, and a pond with a fountain and lots of trees,“It's fun, and it makes us feel like we're in charge and helping the community,”says 15-year-old Marilyn Medina, one of the model's creators.
Strickland says it's important for the students to dream.“They're setting a tone for the town,”he says.“The kids can push the envelope and change the culture.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个关于城市复兴和社区建设的故事,重点描述了如何通过教育和创新设计来改善新泽西州帕特森市的现状,让其焕发光彩。
5.What was Paterson like in the past according to paragraph 1?
A.It fell into severe disrepair.
B.It rarely produced any iron.
C.Its textile industry was well-known.
D.Its schools were completely deserted.
细节理解题。题干中的“in the past”与第一段中的“once”为同义词,意为“曾经”。结合“once-famous”可知,与新泽西州“铁锈地带”的其他城市一样,帕特森也陷入了困境,曾经著名的纺织工业日渐式微,学校也被废弃。因此,在过去,帕特森的纺织工业是很出名的。故选C。
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6.What was the residents' attitude towards Strickland's plan?
A.Opposed. B.Favorable.
C.Dismissive. D.Uncaring.
观点态度题。根据该句“The city,as the residents expected,has the potential to shine.”可推断,居民们对Strickland的计划持赞成的态度。opposed反对的;favorable支持的;dismissive轻蔑的;uncaring冷漠的。故选B。
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7.What can we infer about Riesman's students?
A.Diligent and innocent.
B.Funny and responsible.
C.Honest and trustworthy.
D.Imaginative and helpful.
推理判断题。根据第四段中的学生的例子可知,Riesman的学生们设想了一个完全不同的地方。其中一个学生模型包括一个游泳池、一个溜冰场、一面攀岩墙、一个沙坑,还有一个带喷泉的池塘和许多树木。15岁的Marilyn Medina认为这很有趣,让他们觉得自己在负责并帮助社区。由此可见,Riesman的学生们是富有想象力且乐于助人的。故选D。
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8.What does the text focus on?
A.Developing students' logical thinking.
B.Revitalizing the city's shopping mall.
C.Witnessing the rise and fall of Paterson.
D.Transforming old buildings to make them shine.
推理判断题。本文主要围绕Strickland(麻省理工学院的专家)以及他的学生Jane Riesman等人物展开,讲述了他们如何通过设计和规划帮助帕特森复兴的故事。因此,D项“改变老建筑,使它们焕发光彩”是本文的重点。故选D。
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Ⅱ.完形填空(本题共15个小题,每小题1分,共15分)
Two years ago, I decided to gather some neighbors to create a community garden.The 1 came from two neglected(被忽视的) flower beds at the top of our street, filled with weeds, garbage, and dog waste.“Why are we 2 this?” I thought.I figured anything we did would be an improvement.
3 ,the neighbors were all in.We removed needles, glass, masks, and tons of other garbage.We did not receive any funding, so we had to be 4 . We started with the smaller bed, getting plants from our gardens.Martha, a chef, 5 her roses.“Plant them near the base of the apple tree,”she advised.Kishore,with an amazing front garden, 6 tulips(郁金香)and carnations(康乃馨).I planted violets.With a few interesting 7 well placed, before we knew it, there was a garden.
The larger bed was still a 8 .I would weed it but the soil was 9 .When I was thinking about 10 it, neighbors across the street had cut branches from a large tree, leaving a giant pile of coverings on the street, so I 11 them onto the bed to hold back the 12 and to improve the soil.
“Every time I walk past, I am amazed at how quickly we transform the 13 ,” I said.It's far from 14 , but no garden ever is.The 15 lies in the ongoing process.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了作者和一些邻居把两个被忽视的街头花坛改造成社区花园的故事。
1.A.depression B.accident
C.message D.inspiration
根据上文“Two years ago, I decided to gather some neighbors to create a community garden.”可知,作者决定和一些邻居创建一个社区花园,因此两个被忽视的花坛成为创建社区花园的灵感来源。故选D。
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2.A.wasting B.considering
C.wondering D.receiving
根据下一句“I figured anything we did would be an improvement .”可知,作者觉得做的任何事都是一种改善。由此可知,作者认为两个花坛被忽视是一种浪费,可以做一些事情来改善。故选A。
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3.A.Strangely B.Frankly
C.Luckily D.Apparently
根据空后“the neighbors were all in”可知,邻居们都参与进来了。对作者来说,参与的人越多越幸运。故选C。
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4.A.serious B.tolerant
C.creative D.cautious
根据上文“We did not receive any funding”以及下文邻居们的各种提议可知,作者他们没有得到资金,就只能发挥各自的创造力。故选C。
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5.A.decorated B.shared
C.arranged D.watered
根据上文“We started with the smaller bed, getting plants from our gardens.”可知,作者他们从自家花园拿植物来建花园,所以Martha是分享了她的玫瑰。故选B。
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6.A.contributed B.purchased
C.admired D.picked
由上一题可知,大家从自家花园拿植物来建花园,因此Kishore也把自己花园里的花贡献出来。故选A。
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7.A.rivers B.mountains
C.rocks D.yards
根据下文“before we knew it, there was a garden”可知,花园形成了。结合常识可知,种了植物后,作者他们又放了一些石头,从而建成了一个花园。故选C。
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8.A. mess B.shelter
C.trial D.protection
根据空后“I would weed it ...”可推知,较大的那个花坛还杂草丛生,一团糟。故选A。
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9.A.high B.heavy
C.poor D.sticky
根据空前的but及本段最后“to improve the soil”可知,作者想要改善土壤,所以当作者想要除草时,发现土壤情况不太好。结合选项的意思,C选项符合语境。
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10.A.taking control of B.giving up on
C.holding on to D.making use of
根据上题可知,作者想要除草,但土壤贫瘠,因此考虑放弃这个花坛。故选B。
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11.A.burned B.folded
C.distributed D.expected
根据空前的so及其前面的内容“街对面的邻居从一棵大树上砍下了树枝,在街上留下了一大堆覆盖物”可知,作者打算利用这些树枝。再结合选项意思可知,作者要把它们铺到花坛上。故选C。
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12.A.flowers B.weeds
C.birds D.vehicles
根据空后“to improve the soil”可知,作者想要改善土壤,因此会把树枝铺在花坛上以抑制杂草生长。故选B。
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13.A.space B.power
C.strength D.authority
根据第一段中的“two neglected(被忽视的) flower beds at the top of our street”可知,此处是指改造街道尽头的这 一 片空地。故选A。
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14.A.welcomed B.changed
C.completed D.agreed
根据下文“the ongoing process”可知,改造还在进行中, 还远未完工。故选C。
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15.A.target B.beauty
C.principal D.secret
根据空后“lies in the ongoing process”可知,此处是指花园的美就在这个持续的过程中。故选B。
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阶段测评(一)
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Ⅰ.阅读理解(本题共15个小题,每小题2.5分,共37.5分)
A
Let's get the bad news out of the way first:Dried fruit is a concentrated source of calories and sugars.The keys to getting the most out of it are to keep portions (份额) small and avoid those with added sugars.And choose the fruits that offer the biggest benefits, like the three here.
1.Apricots
PORTION SIZE 5 apricots CALORIES 95
These orange orbs supply vitamin E, which helps to protect cells against the kind of damage that can trigger cancer and other chronic diseases.You also get 3 grams of fiber and 10 percent of the Daily Value.
2.Figs
PORTION SIZE 5 figs CALORIES 105
Figs have more fiber than many other dried fruits, and they supply a decent amount of calcium.They may sometimes look like they're sprinkled with sugar, but they're not.The natural fruit sugar in the figs can crystallize and leave a white coating.
3.Prunes
PORTION SIZE 4 prunes CALORIES 92
Research suggests the mix of antioxidants and other nutrients in prunes may help build up bones, helping to prevent osteoporosis.One serving of prunes has about 20 percent of the Daily Value for vitamin K.The low intakes have been linked to painful blood vessel (血管) problems.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了三种能提供最大益处的水果。
1.How many calories will you get if you have a portion of apricots and figs?
A.116. B.118.
C.124. D.200.
细节理解题。根据1.Apricots中“PORTION SIZE 5 apricots CALORIES 95”以及2.Figs中“PORTION SIZE 5 figs CALORIES 105”可知,如果你吃一份杏子和无花果,你会得到95+105=200卡路里。故选D项。
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2.What is a benefit of prunes?
A.Relieve pain.
B.Improve bone strength.
C.Prevent cancer.
D.Promote calcium absorption.
细节理解题。根据3.Prunes中“Research suggests the mix of antioxidants and other nutrients in prunes may help build up bones, helping to prevent osteoporosis.”可知,西梅的好处是提高骨骼强度。故选B项。
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3.What advice is offered on dried fruit?
A.Take small servings.
B.Add some sugar.
C.Mix with other nutrients.
D.Stay away from it.
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Let's get the bad news out of the way first:Dried fruit is a concentrated source of calories and sugars.The keys to getting the most out of it are to keep portions (份额) small and avoid those with added sugars.”可知,干果应该少量食用。故选A项。
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B
Four-year-old Camila loves to dress up and rarely leaves the house without lipstick.Camila's mother Annette Vea Lopez didn't always know how to respond to Camila's self-expression, but since participating in the Casa de los Ninos Parents as Teachers program, she now accepts her daughter's fashion choices happily.
“Camila's been very independent since she was very young,”Vea Lopez said.“Adults would always comment on her makeup and how she dressed.She was always very girly.She's 4 now and still that way.That's just her personality.We love her just as she is.And we love that Parents as Teachers always encouraged us to let Camila be herself.”
Vea Lopez heard about the Parents as Teachers home visitation program from a friend who suggested that she take part with the 1-year-old Camila.The FTFPSRP Council funds this program to help parents become their child's first and best teachers.Parents as Teachers gives families personalized, in-home support through a trained parent educator.
During home visits, the parent educator introduced the family to activities that support social-emotional development, such as being able to recognize and label emotions.Vea Lopez notices the impact these activities have had on her daughter.“I see that Camila's confidence and self-esteem have grown.She began to open up to me more and talk about when she was feeling anxious or what she needed support with,”said Vea Lopez.
Camila recently graduated from the program and is ready for kindergarten,and Vea Lopez feels indebted to Parents as Teachers for helping get her there.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了四岁女孩Camila和她的母亲Annette Vea Lopez参与“家长即教师”项目后,母亲学会了如何更好地支持女儿的自我表达,以及该项目对家庭产生的积极影响。
4.How did Annette feel about Camila's self-expression at first?
A.Helpless. B.Favorable.
C.Unclear. D.Indifferent.
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Camila's mother Annette Vea Lopez didn't always know how to respond to Camila's self-expression.”可推知,一开始Annette对于Camila的自我表达感到无助。故选A。
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5.What can we know from Vea Lopez's words in paragraph 2?
A.Camila has changed her personality as she grows older.
B.Parents as Teachers supports Camila to be true to herself.
C.Camila's independence started when she was 4 years old.
D.Adults' comments on Camila had a negative impact on her.
推理判断题。根据第二段中“That's just her personality.We love her just as she is.And we love that Parents as Teachers always encouraged us to let Camila be herself.”可推知,“家长即教师”项目支持Camila保持自我。故选B。
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6.What is the purpose of the Parents as Teachers project?
A.To raise more money for needy families.
B.To ensure great harmony in every family.
C.To train children to be more personalized.
D.To help parents bring up their children well.
推理判断题。根据第三段中“The FTFPSRP Council funds this program to help parents become their child's first and best teachers.Parents as Teachers gives families personalized, in-home support through a trained parent educator.”可推知,该项目的目的是帮助父母更好地抚养和教育孩子。故选D。
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7.What do the underlined words“feels indebted to”mean in the last paragraph?
A.Sponsors. B.Boosts.
C.Credits. D.Assesses.
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Camila recently graduated from the program and is ready for kindergarten.”及下文“for helping get her there”可知,Camila顺利毕业,Vea Lopez认为是“家长即教师”项目帮助Camila成长,所以她应该是感激这个项目。由此可知,feels indebted to表示“感到感激或欠某人的情”,C选项“Credits”有“归功于;感激”的意思,最贴近“feels indebted to”的含义。故选C。
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C
Scientists have found that floating solar panels could provide a huge amount of electricity if they were placed on lakes and other bodies of water around the world.Floating solar panels could also help save water and protect land.
Solar panels—also known as“photovoltaic”panels—are used to turn sunlight into electricity.Most solar panels are placed on land in large collections called solar farms.But recently people have begun to explore putting floating solar panels on water.Because these panels float, some people call them “floatovoltaics (浮动光伏)”.
The researchers behind the new study looked at 114,555 reservoirs worldwide.They used computer programs to figure out how much electricity could be produced yearly by covering 30% of these reservoirs with floating solar panels.The answer was surprisingly large—more than twice the amount of energy the United States generates in a year.And 10 times as much energy as all the solar power currently being generated in the world.The researchers described the results as “remarkable”.
The scientists found that floatovoltaics would be especially useful when reservoirs were near smaller cities (50,000 people or less).The researchers say there are about 6,256 cities around the world where floating solar panels could provide all the electricity the cities need.
Floatovoltaics can also help save water by limiting evaporation (蒸发)from reservoirs.The scientists say that solar panels covering just 30% of the reservoirs' surfaces could save as much water as 300 million people would use in a year.There are several other reasons that make floatovoltaics a good idea.Photovoltaic panels work better when they're not extremely hot.The water helps cool the panels so that they create more energy.Putting solar panels on water also means that there's no need to clear land for a solar farm.That's more and more important as countries work to fight climate change and protect natural spaces for wild animals.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了浮动太阳能电池板——既能发电又能节约水,同时保护野生生物(生存)的自然空间。
8.What did the researchers think of the study results?
A.Skeptical. B.Amazing.
C.Worrying. D.Interesting.
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The answer was surprisingly large”及“The researchers described the results as‘remarkable’.”可知,研究人员认为这些结果是“非凡的”, remarkable 与 amazing的意思相近,故选B。
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9.Where should floating solar panels be placed to make them extremely helpful?
A.In small cities with more rain and less sunshine.
B.In huge cities with many small lakes and rivers.
C.In tiny cities near reservoirs with less than 50,000 people.
D.In large cities far from reservoirs with more than 50,000 people.
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The scientists found that floatovoltaics would be especially useful when reservoirs were near smaller cities (50,000 people or less).”可知,在不超过5万人的城市,浮动光伏是尤其有用的。故选C。
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10.Why is covering reservoirs with floating solar panels useful?
A.It can help reduce water evaporation.
B.It can prevent water from being polluted.
C.It purifies the water available for consumption.
D.It provides enough sunlight for the solar panels.
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Floatovoltaics can also help save water by limiting evaporation(蒸发) from reservoirs.”可知,用浮动太阳能板覆盖水库可以帮助减少水的蒸发。故选A。
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11.What's the best title for the text?
A.The Methods of Using Floatovoltaics
B.The Prospects of the Power Industry
C.Solar Farms—Turning Sunlight Into Electricity
D.Floating Solar Panels—Making Energy, Saving Water
标题归纳题。文章第一段指出:科学家们发现,如果将浮动的太阳能电池板放置在世界各地的湖泊和其他水域的表面上,它们可以提供大量的电力。浮动的太阳能电池板也有助于节约水和保护土地。结合下文中对浮动太阳能板的介绍可知,文章主要介绍了浮动太阳能电池板——既能发电又能节约水。所以 D项为本文的最佳标题,既与本文的内容一致,又概括了本文的主题。
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D
If you could work from any location in the world, where would you go? Picture filling in a spreadsheet on a sandy Caribbean island, or maybe a little rooftop cafe in Rome where you can sip great coffee while editing a social media video.More and more countries are offering digital nomad(游牧民)visas and therefore the chance to work remotely, from wherever you'd like to.
This trend is growing, with a 2023 report indicating 11% of US workers identifying themselves as digital nomads, a figure projected to rise by over 20 million in five years.Initially, digital nomads were mostly freelancers like social media managers or software developers, but now even traditional professionals like accountants and lawyers are embracing this lifestyle.But what is the life of a digital nomad really like?
Rowena Hennigan, who writes for Harvard Business Review, is a digital nomad along with her family.They have a“home base”in Spain but frequently go away for __________ that can last from weeks to months.She says,“Compared to a traditional model of raising children, remote working has allowed my family to move away from that kind of intensity, and this way, we all get to move at a more sustainable and healthy pace.” Plus, her family are regularly exposed to new cultures, languages and natural beauty.
However, it doesn't work for everyone.Francesca Specter, a writer for The Guardian, decided to country-hop and her“office”included beaches, cafes and coworking spaces.But along with struggling to find reliable wi-fi and fighting terrible loneliness, she wrote that she felt envious as she cooled her overheating
workcations
laptop in the shade while holidaymakers relaxed by the pool.She said,“I was fighting against dull concerns, such as missing luggage or sleep loss after an overnight flight delay.”
So, it's not for everyone, but if you ever feel like escaping the rat race, why not give it a go?
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。随着越来越多的国家提供数字游民签证,更多人有机会远程工作。文中讲述了数字游民数量的增长,列举了数字游民的生活实例,也提到了这种生活方式存在的问题,最后引发读者思考是否尝试这种生活方式。
12.What is the advantage of being a digital nomad according to the text?
A.A higher income.
B.A better work-life balance.
C.A flexible work location.
D.A faster career promotion.
细节理解题。根据第一段,尤其是“the chance to work remotely, from wherever you'd like to”可知,数字游民可以随时随地远程工作,即工作地点灵活。故选C项。
√
13.Who was probably a digital nomad originally?
A.A blogger. B.A lawyer.
C.An athlete. D.An accountant.
推理判断题。根据第二段的“Initially, digital nomads were mostly freelancers like social media managers or software developers”可知,最初数字游民主要是像社交媒体经理或软件开发人员这样的自由职业者。结合常识,博主属于自由职业者。故选A项。
√
14.What does the underlined word “workcations” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.Changing jobs frequently.
B.Working while on vacation.
C.Touring in different countries.
D.Taking breaks between jobs.
词义猜测题。第三段首句说Rowena Hennigan和她家人都是数字游民;再结合画线词所在句的句意可知,他们在西班牙有一个“家”,但经常出去进行为期数周到数月的“workcations”。结合他们是数字游民以及通过构词法知识可推知,画线词的含义应是“在度假时工作”。故选B项。
√
15.What is the author's attitude towards digital nomads?
A.Oppositive. B.Supportive.
C.Dismissive. D.Indifferent.
观点态度题。通读全文,尤其是第三段和最后一段可知,作者描述了数字游民这种生活方式的好处,并承认这种生活方式不适合所有人,但还是鼓励那些想逃离激烈竞争的人尝试,所以作者对数字游民的态度是支持的。故选B项。
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Ⅱ.阅读七选五(本题共5个小题,每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
There are so many definitions of wisdom.Simply put, wisdom is a mix of insight, common sense, experience, and results to sound judgement.It is not merely a desirable quality but an absolute necessity in the world.1( ) It shines our way through darkness.
Growing up with fairy tales and fantasy movies, I always associated wisdom with Gandalf, Yoda, and Albus Dumbledore.Although these characters have given every one of us tons of inspiration, wisdom actually lies within ourselves.2( ) And how?
3( ) You will never grow from being in your comfort zone, which is why you need to get out of it.Do change your routine and experience as much as what life takes you to! In fact, there are always several sides to a life story.To identify the truth, you need to be receptive to different views.Never base your perspective on the most popular opinions.It is not emotion-based either.Instead, train your mind to be a judgment-free space for ideas.Open-mindedness opens new pathways to profound insights.
What if you are desperate for personal growth and improvement? 4( ) The more time you spend with them, the more transfer of knowledge there will be.Your tutors can be whoever is wiser than you.Yet prior to that, engage in dialogue with them to find out why.
Rome was not built in a day.5( ) It is important to acknowledge that it takes a span of your life and continuous effort to mature in wisdom as you navigate life's challenges.
A.Individuals need to bring it out.
B.It isn't something you are born with.
C.Knowledge speaks, but wisdom listens.
D.Remember developing wisdom is beyond a destination.
E.A shortcut to do that is to have wise people as your tutors.
F.In order to navigate in it, wisdom becomes our guiding light.
G.Starting up new experiences is an avenue for acquiring wisdom.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。讲述了智慧的定义,并论述了智慧其实在于自身,然后指出了培养智慧的方法和需要注意的问题等。
There are so many definitions of wisdom.Simply put, wisdom is a mix of insight, common sense, experience, and results to sound judgement.It is not merely a desirable quality but an absolute necessity in the world.1(
) It shines our way through darkness.
空前提到了“in the world”,空后一句提到了“It shines our way through darkness”(它照亮了我们穿越黑暗的道路)。F项“为了在世界中航行,智慧成为我们的指路明灯”符合语境。故选F项。
F.In order to
navigate in it, wisdom becomes our guiding light.
Growing up with fairy tales and fantasy movies, I always associated wisdom with Gandalf, Yoda, and Albus Dumbledore.Although these characters have given every one of us tons of inspiration, wisdom actually lies within ourselves.2( ) And how?
根据空后一句“And how?”以及语篇知识可知,空处应该是作者的一种呼吁性观点。A项“个人需要发掘它”不仅表达了作者对待智慧的一种呼吁性观点,还与空前的“智慧其实存在于我们自身之中”语意连贯。故选A项。
A.Individuals need to bring it out.
3( ) You will never grow from being in your comfort zone, which is why you need to get out of it.Do change your routine and experience as much as what life takes you to! In fact, there are always several sides to a life story.To identify the truth, you need to be receptive to different views.Never base your perspective on the most popular opinions.It is not emotion-based either.Instead, train your mind to be a judgment-free space for ideas.Open-mindedness opens new pathways to profound insights.
段落主旨句。第三段主要论述了人要走出舒适区去成长,要改变日常习惯,尽可能多地体验生活带给你的一切。开放的思想开辟了通往深刻洞察力的新途径。G项“开始新的经历是获取智慧的途径”很好地概括了本段内容。故选G项。
G.Starting up new experiences is an avenue for acquiring wisdom.
What if you are desperate for personal growth and improvement?
4( ) The more time you spend with them, the more transfer of knowledge there will be.Your tutors can be whoever is wiser than you.Yet prior to that, engage in dialogue with them to find out why.
空前一句提出问题,此处应为回答句;再根据空后一句“The more time you spend with them”中的代词“them”可知,空处应该含有可数名词复数。E项“做这件事的一个捷径是找智慧的人当导师”回答了空前问题,且其中出现的名词复数tutors既与“them”形成代词指代关系,又与后文中的“tutors”是原词复现。故选E项。
E.A shortcut to do that is to have wise people as your tutors.
Rome was not built in a day.5(
) It is important to acknowledge that it takes a span of your life and continuous effort to mature in wisdom as you navigate life's challenges.
该空前后分别通过谚语句和解释句来说明智慧的发展是一个漫长的过程。D项“记住,培养智慧不仅仅是一个目的”符合语境,故选D项。
D.Remember developing wisdom is beyond
a destination.
Ⅲ.语法填空(本题共10个小题,每小题1.5分,共15分)
In China, boiling tea on a stove is a special way 1 (enjoy)tea and it has a special kind of magic.It's all about taking good tea 2 (leaf) and maybe adding some pretty rosebuds to make it fancy.
考查动词不定式。设空处在句中作way的后置定语,应该使用动词不定式。故填to enjoy。
考查名词复数。设空处作宾语,leaf为可数名词,此处为泛指,应用其复数形式。故填leaves。
to enjoy
leaves
You put the tea in a pot and heat 3 up along with some nuts or fruits on the stove, which fills the room with a comfortable and pleasant aroma(香味).When you do this, you can hear the fire crackling and smell the yummy tea smell.You feel like you're part of something 4 (real) special.
考查代词。设空处代指上文中的“the tea”,应使用代词it。故填it。
考查副词。设空处修饰形容词special,应用副词。故填really。
it
really
Sometimes people even wear cool traditional clothes called Hanfu while
5_____________(drink) this kind of tea.
考查现在分词。设空处为状语从句(while they are drinking this kind of tea)的省略,状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句谓语中有be动词时,可省略从句主语和be动词。故填drinking。
drinking
This way of drinking tea 6 (show) that people like things that are simple and close to nature, 7 a lot of us want in our busy lives.
考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处后为that引导的宾语从句,由此可知设空处作主句谓语,结合上下文的时态可知,此处应用一般现在时。主语“This way of drinking tea”为单数形式,谓语也应用单数形式。故填shows。
考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句,设空处在从句中作宾语,先行词指物。故填which。
shows
which
More and more people are getting into stove-boiled tea because it also helps them feel 8 (connect) to old traditions.It's a nice 9 (remind) that there are still nice things from the past that can make us feel calm 10______
happy, just like this old tea tradition that has been around for a long time.
考查形容词。设空处位于系动词后作表语,表示“有关联的”,需使用形容词。故填connected。
考查名词。设空处在句中作表语,空前为不定冠词a,需用可数名词单数形式。故填reminder。
connected
reminder
and
考查连词。calm和happy是并列关系,需使用表并列关系的并列连词。故填and。
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WELCOME UNIT
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