Unit 8 Making a Difference 核心重点词汇、词性转换、短语、句型专项练习 - 2025-2026学年人教版八年级下册英语

**基本信息** 聚焦Unit 8核心词汇、短语及句型，通过“词-短语-句-篇”递进训练，系统提升语言应用能力，助力夯实基础与中考备考。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词性转换|19题|考查名词复数、动词、名词、副词等词形变化|从基础词形规则切入，构建词汇形态认知体系| |短语翻译|19题|短语中英互译，含固定搭配与单元核心表达|强化短语积累，衔接词汇与句子应用| |词汇应用|60题|语境中词形变化填空及汉译英单词拼写|结合语法（时态、词性）考查词汇在语境中的准确运用| |句子翻译|15题|中英句型互译，含时态、固定句型|实现词汇短语向句子层面的综合转化| |短文填空|15题|语篇中语法与词汇综合填空|整合单元语言知识，提升语篇理解与表达能力|

人教版八年级下册英语 Unit 8 Making a Difference 参考答案+详细解析 一、词性转换 1. gentlemen 解析：gentleman 为可数名词，复数形式是不规则变化，把 man 改为 men。 2. miss 解析：missing 是形容词（失踪的），动词原形 miss 意为“错过；想念”。 3. practice/practise；practise/practice 解析：practical（adj. 实用的）；practice（n. 实践），英式拼写 practise 为动词，美式 practice 可兼作名/动词。 4. success；successfully；succeed 解析：successful（adj. 成功的）；success（n. 成功）；successfully（adv. 成功地）；succeed（v. 成功），固定搭配 succeed in doing sth.。 5. valuable；valueless 解析：value（n./v. 价值；重视）；valuable（adj. 有价值的）；valueless（adj. 无价值的，否定后缀 -less）。 6. volunteer 解析：voluntary（adj. 自愿的）；volunteer 可作名词“志愿者”、动词“自愿做”。 7. will 解析：willing（adj. 乐意的）；will 作名词意为“意愿”，作动词意为“愿意；将要”。 8. donation 解析：donate（v. 捐赠），名词形式 donation（捐赠物；捐赠行为）。 9. talented 解析：talent（n. 天赋），形容词 talented（有天赋的）。 10. advertise 解析：advertisement/ad（n. 广告），动词 advertise（做广告）。 11. social 解析：society（n. 社会），形容词 social（社会的）。 12. communal 解析：community（n. 社区），形容词 communal（社区的；公共的）。 13. environmental 解析：environment（n. 环境），形容词 environmental（环境的）。 14. pollution；polluted 解析：pollute（v. 污染）；pollution（n. 污染）；polluted（adj. 被污染的）。 15. harmful；harmfully 解析：harm（n./v. 伤害）；harmful（adj. 有害的）；harmfully（adv. 有害地）。 16. responsibly；responsibility 解析：responsible（adj. 有责任心的）；responsibly（adv. 负责地）；responsibility（n. 责任）。 17. dependent；independent 解析：depend（v. 依靠）；dependent（adj. 依赖的）；independent（adj. 独立的，反义词）。 18. communication；communicative 解析：communicate（v. 交流）；communication（n. 交流）；communicative（adj. 善于沟通的）。 19. understanding；understanding 解析：understand（v. 理解）；understanding 可作形容词“善解人意的”、名词“理解”。 二、短语翻译 20. be familiar with 21. show sb. around 22. introduce sth. to sb. 23. be willing to do 24. send an e-mail 25. sign up 26. ever since 27. above all 28. make a difference 29. start with / begin with 30. call for action 31. prepare for / get ready for 32. the key to 33. rush into danger 34. the power of 35. the elderly / old people 36. pick up 37. look after / take care of 38. walk the dog 39. make a difference（同28，重复考点） 一、用括号内单词的正确形式填空 1. working 解析：固定搭配 keep on doing sth. 坚持/持续做某事。 2. Have; visited 解析：yet 是现在完成时标志词，一般疑问句结构：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词。 3. joined 解析：already 用于现在完成时，have + 过去分词，join 过去分词为 joined。 4. elder 解析：elder brother 固定表达“哥哥”，侧重长幼辈分；older 侧重年龄大小。 5. missing 解析：be + 形容词作表语，missing 失踪的、找不到的。 6. has blown 解析：for three hours 表持续一段时间，用现在完成时；blow 过去分词 blown。 7. helpful 解析：It’s + adj. + to do sth. 固定句型，help 的形容词 helpful（有帮助的）。 8. beauty 解析：the + 名词 + of 结构，beautiful 的名词 beauty（美景；美丽）。 9. cultural 解析：修饰名词 differences 用形容词，culture → cultural（文化的）。 10. successful 解析：be 动词后接形容词作表语，be successful in... 在……方面成功。 11. hiking 解析：过去进行时：was/were + doing，句型 was doing...when... 正在做某事，这时……。 12. has received 解析：since 引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时；as well as 就前原则，主语 she 为单数，用 has。 13. importance 解析：the + 名词 + of，important 的名词 importance（重要性）。 14. organization 解析：a school + 名词，organize 的名词 organization（组织）。 15. leaves 解析：leaf 树叶，可数名词，公园扫地用复数 leaves（不规则变化）。 16. rescued 解析：have + 过去分词构成现在完成时，rescue 过去分词 rescued。 17. unwilling 解析：根据句意“该告别了，但我们不情愿”，加否定前缀 un-，unwilling 不情愿的。 18. elderly 解析：the + 形容词 表示一类人，the elderly 老人、长者。 19. talented 解析：so + 形容词 + that... 句型，talent → talented（有天赋的）。 20. weekly 解析：副词作状语，weekly 每周地；get together weekly 每周相聚。 21. medical 解析：修饰名词 examination 用形容词，medicine → medical（医学的）。 22. has even taught 解析：结合语境用现在完成时，表动作已发生且有影响，teach 过去分词 taught。 23. to volunteer 解析：固定搭配 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事。 24. active 解析：固定短语 take an active part in 积极参加。 25. themselves 解析：固定搭配 enjoy oneself 玩得开心，主语 they 对应反身代词 themselves。 26. collected 解析：现在完成时，have + 过去分词，collect 过去分词 collected。 27. has fallen 解析：since 从句，主句用现在完成时；fall 过去分词 fallen。 28. has donated 解析：since 2020 是现在完成时标志，主语 she 单数，用 has donated。 29. donation 解析：形容词性物主代词 His 后接名词，donate → donation（捐赠物）。 30. writing 解析：writing skills 固定搭配“写作技能”，动名词作定语。 二、根据汉语提示完成单词 1. lonely 解析：lonely 形容词，孤独的（侧重内心感受）；alone 侧重“独自”。 2. volunteers 解析：these 后接可数名词复数，volunteer 复数 volunteers。 3. pocket 解析：a 后接单数名词，pocket 口袋。 4. charity 解析：many 后接名词复数，charity 慈善，复数 charities。 5. organization 解析：this 后接单数名词，organization 组织。 6. worth 解析：固定搭配 be worth doing 值得做某事。 7. adult 解析：a(n) 后接单数名词，adult 成年人。 8. madam 解析：madam 夫人、女士，日常礼貌称呼。 9. underestimate 解析：祈使句用动词原形，underestimate 低估。 10. proud 解析：固定搭配 be proud of 为……感到自豪。 11. efforts 解析：固定搭配 make great efforts 做出巨大努力。 12. influence/effect 解析：a deep + 名词，have an influence/effect on 对……有影响。 13. provide 解析：固定搭配 provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物，主语 parents 用原形。 14. shelter 解析：a warm 后接单数名词，shelter 庇护所。 15. interviewer 解析：interviewer 面试官，可数名词。 16. stadium 解析：stadium 运动场、体育场。 17. talent 解析：a great + 单数名词，have a talent for 有……天赋。 18. voluntary 解析：形容词修饰名词 work，voluntary 自愿的。 19. practical 解析：形容词作表语，practical 实用的。 20. audience 解析：audience 观众，集合名词。 21. advertisement/ad 解析：an 后接单数名词，advertisement 广告。 22. train 解析：情态动词 should 后接动词原形，train 训练。 23. army 解析：join the army 固定短语“参军”。 24. common 解析：形容词修饰名词 efforts，common 平凡的、普通的。 25. prove 解析：情态动词 can 后接动词原形，prove 证明。 26. literary 解析：形容词修饰名词 works，literary 文学的。 27. troubles 解析：trouble 表示“烦恼”常用复数 troubles。 28. value 解析：情态动词 should 后接动词原形，value 珍视、重视。 29. successful 解析：形容词修饰名词 class，successful 成功的。 30. warmly 解析：副词修饰动词 welcomed，warmly 热情地。 三、句子翻译（填空版） 1. ever since last year 解析：ever since 自从……，用于现在完成时。 2. make a big difference 解析：make a difference 有影响，big 加强语气。 3. In fact; animal shelter 解析：in fact 事实上；animal shelter 动物收容所。 4. in need; the key to 解析：people in need 有需要的人；the key to ……的关键。 5. used to; is used to helping 解析：used to do 过去常常做；be used to doing 习惯于做。 6. Because of; learn that every animal 解析：because of + 名词/代词；learn that 宾语从句。 7. put up 解析：put up posters 张贴海报。 8. our world full of life 解析：make + 宾语 + 形容词/介词短语，full of life 充满生机。 9. the key to 解析：固定搭配 the key to a happy life 幸福生活的关键。 10. kept on doing 解析：keep on doing 坚持做，现在完成时用过去分词 kept。 11. taken place 解析：take place 发生（无被动），现在完成时用 taken place。 12. weekly; how to play 解析：weekly activities 每周活动；teach sb. how to do 教某人如何做。 13. are willing to 解析：be willing to do 愿意做某事，主语为复数，be 动词用 are。 14. Being a; practical life-saving skills 解析：动名词短语作主语；life-saving skills 救生技能。 15. volunteer to join the army 解析：volunteer to do 自愿做；join the army 参军。 四、短文填空 1. in 解析：people in need 固定搭配“有需要的人”。 2. signed 解析：Have you ever + 过去分词，sign 过去分词 signed。 3. successful 解析：形容词修饰名词 volunteer，successful 成功的。 4. if 解析：连词引导条件状语从句，意为“如果你想做志愿工作”。 5. are 解析：there be 句型，后面 people 为复数，用 are。 6. providing 解析：what about + doing sth. 提建议句型。 7. a 解析：in a word 固定短语“总之”。 8. to find 解析：固定句型 It’s + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是……的。 9. charities 解析：and 并列多个名词，用复数 charities（慈善机构）。 10. Third 解析：前文 First、Second，此处用 Third（第三），表顺序。 11. shown 解析：现在完成时，have + 过去分词，show 过去分词 shown。 12. from 解析：learn sth. from... 从……中学到东西。 13. volunteer 解析：名词作定语，volunteer public task 志愿公共任务。 14. yourself 解析：push oneself 逼迫自己，祈使句主语为 you，反身代词 yourself。 15. surely 解析：副词修饰动词 find，sure → surely（无疑地、肯定地）。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026春季新版八年级下册人教版英语Unit 8 Making a Difference 核心重点词汇、词性转换、短语、句型专项练习 单元重点词性转换、短语默写 一、词性转换。 1．gentleman n. 先生；君子→________ n. (pl.) 2．missing adj. 失踪的；丢失的→________ v. 错过 3．practical adj. 实用的；实际的→________ n. →________ v. 4．successful adj. 成功的；有成就的→________ n. 成功→________ adv. →________ v. 5．value n. 重要作用；价值v. 重视→________ adj. 有价值的→________ adj. 无价值的；不值钱的 6．voluntary adj. 自愿的；无偿的→________ n. & v. 自愿；志愿 7．willing adj. 乐意的；愿意的→________ n. 意愿 v. 愿意 8．donate v. 捐赠；赠送→________ n. 捐赠 9．talent n. 才能；天赋；天才→________ adj. 有才能的；有天赋的 10．advertisement n. (= ad) 广告；启事→________ v. 打广告；做广告 11．society (形容词)________ 12．community (形容词)________ 13．environment (形容词)________ 14．pollute (名词)________→(形容词，受污染的)________ 15．harm (形容词)________→(副词)________ 16．responsible (副词)________→(名词)________ 17．depend (形容词，依赖的)________→(反义词，独立的)________ 18．communicate (名词)________→(形容词，善于沟通的)________ 19．understand (形容词)________→(名词，理解)________ 二、短语翻译。 20．通晓；熟悉 ________ 21．带某人参观 ________ 22．向某人介绍某事 ________ 23．愿意做 ________ 24．发一封电子邮件 ________ 25．报名 _________________ 26．自从；自……以后 _________________ 27．最主要的是 _________________ 28．有作用；有影响 _________________ 29．以……开始 _________________ 30．行动号召 _________________ 31．为……做准备 _________________ 32．……的关键 _________________ 33．冲入危险中 _________________ 34．……的力量 _________________ 35．老人；上了年纪的人 ________ 36．捡起 ________ 37．照顾 ________ 38．遛狗 ________ 39．有作用；有影响 ________ 单元专项训练 一、用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1．I will keep on ________ (work) as a volunteer. 2．—________ you ________ (visit) the history museum yet? —No, I’m going to visit it next month. 3．Lily and Lucy have already ________ (join) the school volunteer club to help the old. 4．My ________ (old) brother often helps me with my homework. 5．I looked everywhere but my notebook is still ________ (miss). 6．The wind ________ (blow) for three hours, and it is still strong. 7．It’s ________ (help) to learn some basic skills to deal with natural disasters. 8．The ________ (beautiful) of the Li River attracts many visitors every year. 9．The ________ (culture) differences between China and Western countries are very interesting. 10．We all admire the scientist who is ________ (success) in space research. 11．I was ________ (hike) in the mountains with some friends when it was raining heavily. 12．Since they got there, she as well as her classmates ________ (receive) great kindness from the locals. 13．From this special experience, he learns the ________ (important) of honesty. 14．I joined a school ________ (organize) to learn traditional Chinese calligraphy. 15．I often sweep ________ (leaf) in the park. 16．We’ve ________ (rescue) people in the earthquake. 17．It’s time to say goodbye, but we are ________ (willing) to. 18．We should take good care of the ________ (elder) who live alone. 19．The young writer is so ________ (talent) that his works are popular all over the country. 20．Many families get together ________ (week) to share their happiness and troubles. 21．He needs to take a ________ (medicine) examination before entering the school. 22．He ________ (even teach) some of them how to use a mobile phone. 23．He offers ________ (volunteer) three times a week. 24．My mother often advises me to take an ________ (act) part in sports and social activities. 25．They enjoyed ________ (they) at the sports meeting. 26．They have already ________ (collect) three bags of waste from the beach. 27．My little brother ________ (fall) over many times since he started learning to ride a bike. 28．She ________ (donate) some books to the village school since 2020. 29．His ________ (donate) of books helped many poor children have the chance to read. 30.Reading more good books can improve our ________ (write) skills. 二、根据汉语提示完成单词。 1．We should often visit the ________ (孤独的) old people in our neighborhood. 2．These ________ (志愿者) always devote their spare time to helping others. 3．The kangaroo has a ________ (口袋) to carry its baby. 4．They held many ________ (慈善) shows to raise money for AIDS research. 5．This volunteer ________ (组织) will clean the park near our home this weekend. 6．This interesting storybook is ________ (值得) reading again during our holiday. 7．Every child will grow up to be a(n) ________ (成年人) and face different life challenges. 8．Excuse me, ________ (夫人；女士). Could you tell me the way to the nearest bank? 9．Never ________ (低估) the power of continuous small good deeds. 10．We are ________ (自豪的) of our classmates who always do good things for others. 11．He made great ________ (努力) to help the homeless people live a normal life. 12．His words had a deep ________(影响) on my decision to help others. 13．Parents ________ (提供) us with love and care. 14．To survive in the wild, people need food, water and a warm ________ (庇护所). 15．The ________ (面试官) asked me some easy questions. 16．The city built a large ________ (运动场) for big sports events. 17．She has a great ________ (才能) for music, which makes her the most popular student in my school. 18．We believed that our ________ (自愿的) work was meaningful and brought warmth to the old people. 19．Our teacher said this English dictionary is ________ (实用的) for solving word problems. 20．The ________ (观众) cheered loudly when the team won the school competition. 21．Yesterday I saw an ________ (广告) about a new sports club on TV. 22．We should ________ (训练) the dogs to help disabled people. 23．The young man joined the ________ (军队) to serve his country. 24．Great success often comes from ________ (平凡的) efforts. 25．Can you ________ (证明) that you were at home last night? 26．I like reading ________ (文学的) works in my spare time. 27．It’s very necessary to pour out our ________ (烦恼) to our parents. 28．We should ________ (珍视) the friendship between us. 29．For a ________ (成功) class, humor is necessary. 30.They are welcomed to our school ________ (热情). 三、句子翻译。 1．自从去年以来，我就一直在做志愿者。 I have been a volunteer________ ________ ________ ________. 2．小小的善举可以对世界产生巨大的影响。 Small kind acts can ________ ________ ________ to the world. 3．是的。事实上，我已经在动物收容所做志愿者一年了。 Yeah. __________ __________, I’ve been a volunteer at an __________ __________ for a year. 4．帮助有需要的人是幸福生活的关键。 Helping people ________ ________ is ________ ________ ________ a happy life. 5．他过去常常周末在家，现在习惯帮助他人。 He ________ ________ stay at home on weekends, but now he ________ ________ ________ ________ others. 6．因为它，我明白了每一只动物都是特别的，都需要爱。 __________ __________ it, I l__________ __________ __________ __________ is special and needs love. 7．我们可以张贴海报来号召更多人参与志愿服务。 We can ________ ________ posters to ask more people to take part in volunteer work. 8．我相信动物是我们的朋友，它们让我们的世界充满生机。 I believe that animals are our friends, and they make ________ ________ ________. 9．小小的善意是快乐生活的关键。 Small kindnesses are ________ ________ ________ a happy life. 10．自从去年冬天，我就坚持做志愿活动。 I have ________ ________ ________ volunteer work ever since last winter. 11．自从政府开始实施乡村振兴计划，我的家乡已经发生了翻天覆地的变化。 Great changes have ________ ________ in my hometown since the government started the rural revitalization plan. 12．志愿者们会组织每周活动并且帮助教孩子们如何做不同的运动。 Volunteers will ________ ________ activities and help to teach children ________ ________ ________ different sports. 13．许多同学愿意伸出援手，小小的善举能点亮他人的一天。 Many students ________ ________ ________ give a hand—small kindness can light up someone’s day. 14．作为一名志愿者，我学到了许多实用的救生技能。 ________ ________ ________ volunteer has taught me many ________ ________ ________. 15．每年都有成千上万的年轻人自愿参军。 Thousands of young people ________ ________ ________ _________ ________ ________ every year. 四、短文填空，用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 Just as the saying goes,“The rose in your hand, the sweet smell in mine.”Volunteering is good for people 1．________need and for our society. Have you ever 2．________ (sign) up to take part in volunteering? And do you want to be a 3．________ (success) volunteer? Here is some advice for you 4．________ you want to volunteer. First, there 5．________ (be) so many people who need help. If you are good with children, what about 6．________ (provide) them with good ways of learning? If you are outgoing, go to the hospital and make the sick people feel happy. In 7．________ word, there is always something for you. Second, it’s not difficult 8．________ (find) that volunteers are needed in many different places. Communities, libraries, local animal centres, sports teams and 9．________ (charity) are all good choices for you. 10．________ (three), you don’t need to spend all your time volunteering. In fact, the study has 11．________ (show) just two to three hours each week can be good for you and your future job. Volunteering should be a fun and meaningful hobby. It is not another chore on your to-do list. Since you spend your time, it’s important that you learn something 12．________ your volunteering. Try to find a proper 13． (volunteer) public task. If you find such work boring, don’t push 14．________ (you) too hard to keep doing it. Instead, look for another one. When you volunteer, you will 15．________ (sure) find that you are growing as a person while helping others. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $