单元测评12 选修1 Unit 3 Conservation （Word练习）-【金版新学案】2027年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（北师大版）

**基本信息** 以环境保护为主题，整合多题型阅读与语言运用题，通过真题解析渗透解题方法，构建"主题引领-方法迁移-能力提升"的复习体系。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|5篇真题|细节定位、推理判断、主旨归纳等题型解法|从志愿者行动到全球环保政策，构建"个体-群体-全球"的环境保护认知链| |阅读七选五|2篇真题|篇章结构分析、逻辑关系判断|以"树木通信网络"和"鳞茎保护"为例，展示生态系统关联性| |完形填空|1篇真题|语境词义辨析、情感线索追踪|通过环保志愿者故事，体现"发现问题-解决问题-持续行动"的思维逻辑| |语法填空|1篇真题|语法规则应用、词性转换技巧|以中国清洁能源发展为载体，呈现环保行动的技术实现路径|

单元测评12　Unit 3　Conservation (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订!) A卷 (时间：45分钟　满分：50分) Ⅰ．阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共37.5分) A (2025·江西省九江市高三下二模) Join Our Volunteers 　　Volunteer programmes with the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS) play a huge role in helping us connect people with nature and protect threatened species in Scotland and around the world．Whether you are helping us with visitor engagement， education or gardens， RZSS volunteers make an impact every day． 　　If you are looking for an incredibly rewarding opportunity， you have come to the right place! If you have any other questions about the programme， please email our team at volunteer@rzss．org．uk． 　　The Royal Zoological Society of Scotland volunteer programme requires interested individuals to： 　　·Be at least 18 years old． 　　·Demonstrate commitment to the highest standards of customer service． 　　·Have enthusiasm for people， animals and conservation． 　　·Commit to the volunteer programme for a minimum of 70 hours per year． 　　·Attend volunteer induction (就职) and complete all required training． 　　·Complete a Disclosure Scotland background check． 　　Please note that volunteers are not involved in the direct care of animals or any hands-on animal care work． 　　RZSS recruits volunteers on a regular basis． Next recruitment dates for Edinburgh Zoo： 　　Engagement Volunteer and Education Volunteer group interviews 　　Wednesday 2 April & Friday 4 April 　　Edinburgh Zoo Volunteer induction 　　Tuesday 8 April & Thursday 10 April Next interview date for Highland Wildlife Park： 　　Friday 11 April 　　Highland Wildlife Park Volunteer induction： Tuesday 6 May 　　More recruitment dates will be posted in the new year．To apply， please submit a Volunteer Expression of Interest form． 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了苏格兰皇家动物学会(RZSS)的志愿者项目，包括项目的目的、对志愿者的要求、招募流程、以及即将进行的招募活动的日期等信息，从而吸引对自然保护、动物和教育工作有热情的人士申请成为志愿者。 1.What is the main goal of RZSS？ A．To raise money for the zoo． B．To protect endangered animals． C．To provide jobs for people． D．To educate visitors about animals． 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Volunteer programmes with the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS) play a huge role in helping us connect people with nature and protect threatened species in Scotland and around the world．”可知，RZSS的志愿者项目在帮助将人与大自然联系起来以及保护苏格兰乃至全球濒危物种方面发挥着重要作用，由此可推断出其主要目标之一是保护濒危动物。故选B。 2.What is required for the volunteers？ A．Having volunteering experience． B．Caring for animals in person． C．Showing passion for education． D．Finishing necessary training． 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The Royal Zoological Society of Scotland volunteer programme requires interested individuals to”中“Attend volunteer induction (就职) and complete all required training．”可知，成为 RZSS 的志愿者需要参加志愿者入职培训并完成所有规定的培训，也就是要完成必要的培训。故选D。 3.When is the next interview for Highland Wildlife Park？ A．On Tuesday 6 May． B．On Friday 4 April． C．On Thursday 10 April． D．On Friday 11 April． 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章“Next interview date for Highland Wildlife Park： Friday 11 April”可知，高地野生动物园的下一次面试日期是4月11日(周五)。故选D。 B (2025·安徽省阜阳市高三上期末) 　　Last summer， I was assigned to take photos that could communicate the urgency of climate change in northern Canada．When I arrived at an abandoned village on Resolute Bay， I scanned the shore with my camera．Suddenly， I spotted a bear lying on the ground．It didn’t move for almost an hour．But when it finally stood up， I had to catch my breath．The bear’s once strong body was just skin and bones； every step that it took was painfully slow． 　　When I posted the photos on the social media， I wrote， “This is what starvation may look like．I wonder whether the global population of 25，000 polar bears would die the way this bear is dying．” 　　I did not say that this particular bear was killed by climate change．But news organizations around the world focused on 　it　．The first line of the story published in National Geographic read， “This is what climate change looks like”—with “climate change” highlighted in yellow．Other news agencies even adopted more dramatic headlines． 　　It was estimated that my photos had been read by about 2.5 billion people around the world．But there was a problem： Most people and the news agencies didn’t pick up or misunderstood the real message I tried to send with them．Many people expressed gratitude that I’d provided shocking evidence on climate change， while others who are still trying to deny the existence of climate change accused me of spreading false information． 　　Perhaps I had made a mistake in not telling the full story—that I was looking for pictures that might foretell the future and that I didn’t know what had happened to this particular polar bear． 　　I can’t say that this bear was starving because of climate change， but I am happy that my photos have moved the conversation about climate change to the forefront， where it must remain until this problem is solved． 　　Until then， when I come across a scene like this one， I will again share with the world—and take pains to be sure that my intention is clear． 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者拍摄了一张北极熊的照片引发了对气候变化讨论的故事。 4.How did the author feel when the bear stood up？ A．Shocked．　　 B．Scared． C．Amused．　　 D．Relieved． 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“But when it finally stood up， I had to catch my breath．The bear’s once strong body was just skin and bones； every step that it took was painfully slow．”可知，当这只熊站起来时，作者看到它瘦骨嶙峋、步履维艰的样子，感到非常震惊。故选A。 5.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to？ A．The story． B．The photo． C．The starving bear． D．Climate change． 答案：D 解析：代词指代题。根据上文“I did not say that this particular bear was killed by climate change．”和下文“The first line of the story published in National Geographic read， ‘This is what climate change looks like’—with ‘climate change’ highlighted in yellow．”可知，这些新闻机构的关注点都是“气候变化”，由此可知，it指代上文提到的“climate change”。故选D。 6.Why did the author share those photos？ A．To provide more direct evidence on climate change． B．To show the link between the bear and climate change． C．To warn of the possible consequences of climate change． D．To expose the false information about climate change． 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Last summer， I was assigned to take photos that could communicate the urgency of climate change in northern Canada．”和第五段“that I was looking for pictures that might foretell the future”可知，作者分享这些照片是为了警告人们气候变化可能带来的严重后果。故选C。 7.What is the best title for the text？ A．How to admit mistakes B．My misunderstood intention C．How to please readers D．My amazing tour 答案：B 解析：标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了作者拍摄的北极熊照片引发了全球关注，但作者的真正意图却被误解的故事，由此可知，选项B“我被误解的意图”最能概括文章主旨，适合作本文标题。故选B。 C (2025·河南省三门峡市高三上期末) 　　A world rich in thriving nature—flourishing forests， rivers， and oceans filled with life—is essential for humanity’s future．Nature’s recovery signals the planet’s recovery， and our survival depends on it．However， global wildlife populations have declined by 73% in the last 50 years， as reported in the 2024 Living Planet Report．Human activities continue to drive biodiversity loss， damaging Earth’s life-support systems and threatening human survival． 　　Two years ago， the COP15 Global Biodiversity Framework set a clear 2030 objective： to stop and reverse nature loss， ensuring biodiversity improves by the decade’s end．However， at COP16， while progress was made—such as recognizing Indigenous Peoples’ role as nature stewards(守护者) and ensuring companies pay for using genetic resources—a key issue remains： measuring progress accurately．Many nations have not yet submitted biodiversity plans， and there is no universal method for assessing nature’s loss or recovery． 　　Businesses and financial institutions are realizing the need to become nature positive．They recognize nature’s importance to their success and seek measurable outcomes．However， the wide variety of conflicting metrics (衡量指标) complicates comparisons and evaluations．Inspired by the “CO2 equivalent” used to track emissions， the Nature Positive Initiative is working to develop reliable biodiversity metrics to assess progress and ensure accountability． 　　Measuring nature is complex， but proxies can simplify the process．Just as climate change metrics hold governments and businesses accountable for their carbon impact， we need a similar approach for nature．The critical question—“Is nature improving or worsening？”—must be answerable globally， from farms to financial institutions， regardless of location． 　　Encouragingly， policies are emerging．The EU Nature Restoration Law enforces restoration targets， and the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive will require businesses to disclose their nature impacts．Botswana’s voluntary guidelines for listed companies also mark progress．These steps are vital to guide efforts and track results effectively． 　　Ultimately， this work aims for success： thriving forests， buzzing meadows， vibrant birds， and abundant fish．When nature thrives， economies and well-being flourish．Achieving this will prove we value nature not only for survival but for its inherent beauty． 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类活动致生物多样性受损，当前正努力制定措施保护自然并衡量进展。 8.What likely causes the significant decline in global wildlife populations？ A．Natural evolution processes． B．A single catastrophic event． C．Random fluctuations in population． D．Human-induced habitat destruction． 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Human activities continue to drive biodiversity loss”可知，人类活动是导致生物多样性丧失的主要原因，故全球野生动物数量显著下降很可能是由人类活动导致的栖息地破坏造成的。故选D。 9.What makes it hard to precisely measure nature restoration progress？ A．The constantly changing natural environment． B．The lack of advanced technological tools． C．The diversity of ecosystems and species． D．The inconsistent definitions and methods used． 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“there is no universal method for assessing nature’s loss or recovery”可知，缺乏统一的评估方法是精确衡量自然恢复进展的主要困难，即所使用的定义和方法不一致。故选D。 10.Why is the Nature Positive Initiative working on developing biodiversity metrics？ A．To compete with other initiatives． B．To simplify the concept of nature protection． C．To provide a standard for evaluating nature’s condition． D．To attract more investors． 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“the Nature Positive Initiative is working to develop reliable biodiversity metrics to assess progress and ensure accountability”可知，该倡议致力于制定生物多样性衡量指标，是为了提供一个评估自然状况的标准。故选C。 11.What can be inferred about the current state of nature protection policies？ A．They are well-established and effective． B．They are being developed and improved． C．They are too strict and hinder development． D．They are only focused on developed countries． 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段“Encouragingly， policies are emerging...These steps are vital to guide efforts and track results effectively．”可知，新的政策不断出现，这些步骤对于有效指导和跟踪成果至关重要，由此可推断自然保护政策正在不断发展和完善。故选B。 D (2025·云南省保山市高三下二模) 　　Killer whales hunt fish with clicks and buzzes—they choose and chase their prey with sound waves．But boat traffic noise is hiding salmon (鲑鱼) from them， making their favorite meal harder to find． 　　Ocean noise has been increasing over the years， and an international research team recently reported in Global Change Biology that when the water got too noisy， whales spent more time looking for food but caught fewer fish．The study tracked every move and sound that individual killer whale made， as well as the sound reaching them． 　　Researchers found that for every decibel (分贝) increase in the maximum level of background noise reaching killer whales， they were four percent more likely to search for food and had a 12.5 percent lower chance of catching a fish they chased． 　　Catching fewer fish means eating less and if the whales eat too little， they are at higher risk of having health problems， delaying or skipping having babies， or failing to support babies they do have． 　　The killer whales are listed as endangered under the U．S．Endangered Species Act， and only 73 or 74 individuals remain．In Canada， they have healthier numbers， but Canadian law still lists them as threatened．The salmon that killer whales mostly rely on for food face their own challenges， such as water pollution， and warming freshwater habitats． 　　The noise problem is one that researchers view as long lasting， yet possibly more straightforward to fix than declining fish populations or pollution—ships could simply slow down to make less noise．Washington State law requires vessels to reduce to a maximum seven knot speed within a half mile of the whales and limits the distance between a vessel and killer whales．The state is increasing the minimum distance to 1，000 yards starting January 1， 2025. 　　Buzz about innovations in propeller (推进器) technology is also positive．A propeller by Sharrow Marine， for example， is based on a design for a quieter drone propeller．If claims of a more efficient and quieter boat propeller are true， that’s good news for both reducing fuel use and quieting traffic． 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，海洋噪音的增加会使虎鲸更难找到食物，研究人员认为，船只可以放慢速度，减少噪音，另外关于推进器技术创新的讨论也是积极的。 12.How did the scientists do the researches？ A．By doing experiments． B．By surveying questions． C．By tracing killer whales． D．By analyzing other researches． 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“The study tracked every move and sound that individual killer whale made， as well as the sound reaching them．”可知，这项研究是通过追踪虎鲸的移动和声音来进行的，故选C。 13.What happens when ocean noise gets higher？ A．Killer whales do more fish hunting． B．Killer whales don’t feel like eating． C．The number of fish is fast decreasing． D．Fish hide themselves from killer whales． 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，当噪音分贝增加，虎鲸就会增加4%的可能去觅食并且捕到食物的可能性还少12.5%。因此，当海洋噪音变得更高，虎鲸就需要去捕鱼，故选A。 14.Why does the author mention the threats the salmon face？ A．To prevent overfishing． B．To help reduce water pollution． C．To protect salmon from extinction． D．To stress a challenge of killer whales． 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段“In Canada， they have healthier numbers， but Canadian law still lists them as threatened．The salmon that killer whales mostly rely on for food face their own challenges， such as water pollution， and warming freshwater habitats．”可知，尽管在加拿大虎鲸的数量还算可观，但由于水污染以及变暖的淡水栖息地等问题，虎鲸赖以生存的食物鲑鱼面临着自身的生存挑战。结合全篇文章的中心，作者提及鲑鱼面临的挑战实际上是为了强调虎鲸的生存挑战，故选D。 15.What’s new about the propeller by Sharrow Marine？ A．It helps the ship go faster． B．It limits the speed of the ship． C．It produces less noise from the ship． D．It equips the ship with new technical devices． 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“A propeller by Sharrow Marine， for example， is based on a design for a quieter drone propeller．If claims of a more efficient and quieter boat propeller are true， that’s good news for both reducing fuel use and quieting traffic．”可知，新型推进器可以产生较低的噪音，故选C。 Ⅱ．阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·江西省吉安市高三下一模) 　　When we look at a forest， it’s easy to see a collection of trees standing tall and separate， each seemingly independent．　　1　　 Under the forest floor lies a hidden network—a web of roots and fungi (真菌) that allow trees to “talk” to each other．This system， often referred to as the “wood wide web”， enables trees to support one another in ways that were once unimaginable． 　　The primary way trees “talk” to each other is through their roots and an underground network called mycorrhizal (菌根) fungi．Attaching to tree roots， these fungi create a vast web that connects multiple trees within a forest．In exchange for sugars produced through photosynthesis (光合作用)， the fungi provide trees with essential nutrients．　　2　　 　　Through this underground system， trees share information and send signals．When a tree is attacked by harmful insects， it can release chemical messages through the network．　　3　　 Then neighboring trees may strengthen their defenses by producing chemicals in their leaves to protect themselves． 　　　　4　　 Rather than managing individual trees， conservation efforts must focus on preserving the forest’s wholeness．Beyond that， reforestation efforts can benefit from understanding tree communication．By planting diverse species and fostering the growth of mycorrhizal fungi， restoration projects can create ecosystems that are more self-sustaining． 　　Understanding this hidden language shows us clearly that all living things on Earth are linked together．　　5　　 By protecting these ecosystems， we protect not only trees but the complicated networks that support all life within them． A．Not all trees communicate in the same way． B．These chemical signals can act as warnings． C．But the messages trees send are not easy to find． D．It also reminds us how critical forests are to keep life going． E．However， research reveals that trees are far from being alone． F．The idea of tree communication reshapes how we protect forests． G．This cooperation is the core of the forest’s communication system． 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了树木之间通过地下菌根真菌网络进行交流与合作，揭示了森林生态系统中树木之间复杂而微妙的联系，并强调了保护森林对于维持地球生命网络的重要性。 1.答案：E 解析：上文“When we look at a forest， it’s easy to see a collection of trees standing tall and separate， each seemingly independent．”描述树木看似独立，下文“Under the forest floor lies a hidden network—a web of roots and fungi(真菌) that allow trees to ‘talk’ to each other．”说明树木之间并不是独立的，它们之间有联系，E选项承上启下，选项中的However与上文形成转折关系，且trees are far from being alone与下文中的a hidden network相呼应，说明树木之间有联系，并不是独立的，符合语境。故选E。 2.答案：G 解析：上文“In exchange for sugars produced through photosynthesis(光合作用)， the fungi provide trees with essential nutrients．”说明真菌和树木之间是互利的关系，G选项说明这种互利关系的重要性，选项中的This cooperation指代上文这句话，符合语境。故选G。 3.答案：B 解析：上文“When a tree is attacked by harmful insects， it can release chemical messages through the network．”说明树木会释放化学信息，B选项说明这种化学信息的作用，承接上文，选项中的These chemical signals指代上文中的chemical messages，符合语境。故选B。 4.答案：F 解析：下文“Rather than managing individual trees， conservation efforts must focus on preserving the forest’s wholeness．Beyond that， reforestation efforts can benefit from understanding tree communication．”说明保护森林的两个方法，F选项引出下文关于保护森林方式的内容，概括本段内容，符合语境。故选F。 5.答案：D 解析：上文“Understanding this hidden language shows us clearly that all living things on Earth are linked together．”说明理解树木之间的交流让我们看到了地球上所有生物之间的联系，D选项说明这种联系的重要性，选项中的It also reminds us与上文中的shows us clearly相呼应，符合语境。故选D。 B卷 (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订!) (时间：45分钟　满分：62.5分) Ⅰ．阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2026·湖南省多校联考高三下联考) 　　On a cold day recently under stubborn grey skies， a band of green-fingered volunteers can be found in Somerset’s Chew valley with tools in their hands and dirt under their fingernails．About 30 helpers are divided into pairs， carefully planting hawthorn， blackthorn and crab apple saplings， one tree at a time， determined not to be scared away by the scale of the project： they are creating one of the biggest new woodlands in England． 　　The Lower Chew Forest， as it will be known， is a vast new woodland between Bristol and Bath， made up of 100，000 native trees planted by about 1，000 volunteers mobilized by charity Avon Needs Trees．The charity says the 420-acre woodland will increase biodiversity， reduce flooding and lock up carbon to help prevent climate breakdown．But what does it take to make it happen？ 　　John Chew， a 66-year-old teacher， is in charge of those who come to plant trees．According to him， the tree-planters， from children to those in their late 80s， mostly arrive from Bristol， Bath and the surrounding villages of the Mendips and Chew valley． 　　“One of the reasons why Avon Needs Trees has become so successful over the last four or five years is that so many people are concerned about climate change， biodiversity loss， things like that，” he says．“The spades do not slip easily into the thick clay soil； planting tree after tree takes some effort．But the volunteers are all thrilled to be here， each for their own unique reasons．” “I read in the media about the climate crisis， and I think for me to be able to 　mitigate　 it is to come and actively do something，” says Georgie Duckworth， 41， a writer who lives in the Chew valley．“So being here feels like a positive step．” 　　According to Dave Wood， chief executive of Avon Needs Trees， the project takes “quite a lot of blood， sweat and tears” to acquire， but is now well on its way．“The people-power side of this has never been a barrier for us，” Wood says．“We have so much community support and help from people．” 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在萨默塞特的丘谷，一群志愿者正在参与一项大规模的植树项目，旨在增加生物多样性、减少洪水和固定碳以帮助防止气候崩溃。 1.What is the main function of the description of the scene？ A．It shows the difficulty of the tree-planting work． B．It highlights the beautiful scenery of the Chew valley． C．It sets the stage for introducing the tree-planting project． D．It clarifies the tough working conditions of volunteers． 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“they are creating one of the biggest new woodlands in England”可知，此描述旨在引出下文对这一大型植树项目的详细介绍。故选C。 2.What is the main purpose of the Lower Chew Forest project？ A．To offer jobs to local people． B．To help deal with environmental issues． C．To develop tourism in the Chew valley． D．To create a new habitat for endangered species． 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“the 420-acre woodland will increase biodiversity， reduce flooding and lock up carbon to help prevent climate breakdown”可知，项目的主要目的是应对环境问题。故选B。 3.What does the underlined word “mitigate” in Paragraph 4 mean？ A．Distinguish．　　 B．Comprehend． C．Address．　　 D．Postpone． 答案：C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段“I think for me to be able to mitigate it is to come and actively do something”可知，通过行动来“应对，解决”气候危机。故选C。 4.What is Wood’s attitude towards the project’s progress？ A．Worried．　　 B．Dismissive． C．Mixed．　　 D．Satisfied． 答案：D 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段“but is now well on its way”以及“We have so much community support”可知，伍德对项目进展持满意态度。故选D。 B (2025·江西省吉安市高三上期末) 　　Rising sea levels， driven by global warming， are becoming greater at an alarming rate， putting coastal communities worldwide at risk．By 2050， experts predict that nearly 300 million people living in coastal areas will face annual flooding．Japan’s N-Ark hopes to fight against the impact of climate change with an innovative floating city． 　　Dogen City will measure roughly 1 mile in diameter and about 2.5 miles in circumference (周长)．The circular shape will protect people against tsunamis．The floating city will have a unique two-layer design．The top layer will house a self-sufficient sea city．The second undersea layer will feature a sea-cooled data center for city management， healthcare， and drug discovery． 　　Dogen City will be able to accommodate 10，000 people and up to 40，000 visitors at a time．The self-sufficient sea city will feature food production facilities， schools， hospitals， sports areas， offices， and parks．New farming technology will enable farmers there to produce up to 7，000 tons of food annually using seawater． 　　Additionally， locals and visitors alike will have access to the most advanced healthcare assessments and medical care．The ambitious plan also includes a special area to launch and land rockets for space tourism．The project’s designers have set an ambitious target of completing Dogen City by 2030.However， key details such as the location and cost of the project remain unannounced． 　　Dogen City is not the only floating city in the works．In 2022， the South Korean city of Busan also showed plans for a sustainable ocean city．When built， it will be able to house up to 100，000 people． 　　While these projects are still conceptual (概念的)， the Netherlands has been home to a thriving floating community since 2021.The innovative Schoonschip neighborhood consists of 46 homes across 30 water plots and is home to around 100 residents．Although relatively small， it is a promising model for building self-sufficient， eco-friendly floating cities． 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。日本计划建造一个漂浮城市Dogen City以应对气候变化对海平面上升的影响。 5.What does the first paragraph mainly talk about？ A．Global warming． B．The impact of rising sea levels． C．Coastal community development． D．Population growth in coastal areas． 答案：B 解析：段落大意题。根据第一段可知，全球变暖导致海平面正以惊人的速度上升，使全球沿海地区面临威胁，日本的N-Ark希望建造一个漂浮城市来应对海平面上升的影响。因此，本段主要谈论了海平面上升的影响。故选B。 6.What is the primary purpose of Dogen City’s circular shape？ A．To maximize living space． B．To improve transportation efficiency． C．To increase appreciation of the beauty． D．To provide protection against tsunamis． 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“The circular shape will protect people against tsunamis．”可知，该城市做成环形的主要目的是保护居民免遭海啸伤害。故选D。 7.What can we know about the project from Paragraph 4？ A．It’s facing strong opposition． B．It has some unpublished key details． C．It’s fully funded and ready to begin． D．It’ll be completed ahead of schedule． 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“However， key details such as the location and cost of the project remain unannounced．”可知，该城市的建设还有一些关键细节没有公布。故选B。 8.What makes the Dutch project different from the others mentioned？ A．It is larger than the other projects． B．It is still in the planning stage． C．It is already functioning with people living there． D．It focuses mainly on eco-friendly energy． 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“While these projects are still conceptual(概念的)， the Netherlands has been home to a thriving floating community since 2021.”可知，荷兰的漂浮社区Schoonschip已经正常运作并有人居住。故选C。 Ⅱ．阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·广西高三一模) Protect Bulbs (鳞茎) from Animals and Cold Weather 　　Many plants produce bulbs that flower in the spring in regions that have four seasons and cold winters．To keep away animals， you can put a net over the soil and cover it with straw to a thickness of 10 centimeters．The method is good for most bulb plants， especially ones like garlic and crocuses (藏红花)．　　1　　 　　Netting or a kind of fencing called chicken wire can serve as a physical barrier that prevents animals from digging up plants．Such barriers do not block sunlight and water from reaching the soil．　　2　　 They can be removed in the spring． 　　Straw is a good covering material that helps keep the temperature of the soil from changing too much．That can help avoid damage to plants caused by freezing conditions．　　3　　 Protecting soil is important during the winter when cold dry weather can damage even the strongest plants． 　　　　4　　 Hay (干草) is animal feed．It contains some seeds that will cause problems in your garden．Straw is leftover material from crop harvesting．It is better because it has fewer seeds．Straw is less likely to contain chemicals used for insect control on crops．Straw is also good for other purposes around your house． 　　Don’t use some popular fertilizers such as bone meal， blood meal or fish fertilizers．　　5　　 Don’t leave parts of bulbs on the ground in your garden because they might be a sign to animals that there is food nearby．There are many products meant to drive away animals that eat bulbs， which include squirrels， rabbits and others． A．It also keeps the soil from drying out． B．In the end， their flowers are beautiful． C．It is quite important to use straw in your garden． D．Hungry animals may find such fertilizers attractive． E．That’s because animals like to eat the bulbs of these plants． F．They can be fixed to the ground with pieces of wood or rocks． G．Don’t plant bulb plants that will cause problems in your garden． 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了保护植物的鳞茎免受动物和寒冷天气的伤害的措施。 1.答案：E 解析：根据上文的“To keep away animals， you can put a net over the soil and cover it with straw to a thickness of 10 centimeters．The method is good for most bulb plants， especially ones like garlic and crocuses (藏红花)．”可知，对大多数鳞茎植物，可以在土壤上放一张网，并用10厘米厚的稻草覆盖它，防止动物靠近，此空位于段尾，此空应衔接上文的内容，E选项讲述的内容承接上文，解释了为什么要保护这些植物的鳞茎，与上文为因果关系。故选E项。 2.答案：F 解析：根据上文的“Netting or a kind of fencing called chicken wire can serve as a physical barrier that prevents animals from digging up plants．Such barriers do not block sunlight and water from reaching the soil．”可知，使用铁丝网围栏作为物理屏障可以防止动物挖开植物，还可以让阳光和水分进入土壤，有很多的好处，结合下文的“They can be removed in the spring．”可知，春天可以将其移走。由此可知，此空讲述的仍与如何使用铁丝网这样的屏障相关，F选项解释了如何固定上文中提到的屏障，承接上文，且其中的They与下文中的They指代的内容一致。故选F项。 3.答案：A 解析：根据上文的“Straw is a good covering material that helps keep the temperature of the soil from changing too much．That can help avoid damage to plants caused by freezing conditions．”可知，此处讲述的是稻草作为覆盖材料的益处，结合下文的“Protecting soil is important during the winter when cold dry weather can damage even the strongest plants．”可知，此处讲述的是保护土壤很重要，由此可知，此空讲述的内容与稻草对保护土壤相关，A选项中的It指代的是上文的Straw，且与下文中涉及的保护土壤相关，符合语境。故选A项。 4.答案：C 解析：此空应为本段的主题句，结合下文的“Hay (干草) is animal feed．It contains some seeds that will cause problems in your garden．Straw is leftover material from crop harvesting．It is better because it has fewer seeds．Straw is less likely to contain chemicals used for insect control on crops．”可知，本段讲述的内容仍与稻草作为覆盖材料的重要性相关，C选项讲述的内容与上文提到的稻草的好处相呼应，符合语境。故选C项。 5.答案：D 解析：根据上文的“Don’t use some popular fertilizers such as bone meal， blood meal or fish fertilizers．”可知，本段建议不要使用一些流行的肥料，结合下文的“Don’t leave parts of bulbs on the ground in your garden because they might be a sign to animals that there is food nearby．”可知，此处分析了不要把鳞茎留在花园的原因，D选项解释了为什么不要使用一些常见的肥料的原因，与上文内容吻合，且与下文的内容相关。故选D项。 Ⅲ．完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2025·江苏省南京市、盐城市高三一模) 　　When Mysha decided to improve her fitness in late 2019， taking up running was a no-brainer．She lives in a beautiful town on Scotland’s east coast， so she found　　1　　wasn’t so bad， with breathtaking scenery． 　　Yet even though Mysha quickly fell in love with running， something started to　　2　　her—the beaches and paths she ran along were covered in litter．　　3　　， she was always doing a little litter-picking， but when she saw an American runner online talking about plogging， a new　　4　　emerging among runners， she was excited to try it out for herself， plogging 5　　in Sweden， and the word comes from the Swedish word ploka， meaning “to　　6 while jogging”．Mysha started following a(n)　　7　　online called Environmental Fitness and began to take an shopping bag with her on runs and fill it with　　8　　． 　　It wasn’t long until she uncovered some of the upsetting　　9　　of littering．She started to find　　10　　chemicals contained in batteries leaking into the environment and small animals　　11　　in plastic bottles struggling to chew their way out．These discoveries made Mysha even more 　　12　　about litter picking．She joined her local litter-picking group and soon was asked to 　　13　　leadership of the group．Despite the big volumes of litter being dropped， Mysha and her fellow litter-pickers　　14　　to get out and plog． 　　“The thought of keeping other people’s spirits up and seeing their　　15　　 spread to more people keeps me going．Together， we can achieve amazing things!” Mysha says． 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Mysha在跑步过程中，沿途捡拾垃圾，并加入一个名为“环境健身”的网络倡议，并希望这一行为传播到更多的人。 1.A．jogging B．skating C．cycling D．hiking 答案：A 解析：根据下文“Yet even though Mysha quickly fell in love with running”可知，此处表示Mysha是在慢跑。故选A。 2.A．puzzle B．excite C．bother D．amuse 答案：C 解析：根据下文“the beaches and paths she ran along were covered in litter．”可知，Mysha看到海滩边和步道上布满垃圾，感到很困扰。故选C。 3.A．Proudly B．Actually C．Secretly D．Luckily 答案：B 解析：根据下文“she was always doing a little litter-picking”可知，现实生活中，Mysha一直在捡垃圾。故选B。 4.A．trend B．skill C．lesson D．trick 答案：A 解析：根据下文“she was excited to try it out for herself”可知，Mysha想亲自尝试一下这个新出现的流行趋势。故选A。 5.A．existed B．renewed C．advanced D．originated 答案：D 解析：根据下文“the word comes from the Swedish word ploka”可知，这个单词来源于瑞典语，因此此处表示plogging起源于瑞典。故选D。 6.A．relax B．pick C．think D．recycle 答案：B 解析：根据下文“began to take an shopping bag with her on runs and fill it with 　　　　”可知，这些人跑步时带着购物袋是为了沿途捡拾垃圾。故选B。 7.A．order B．rule C．initiative D．tradition 答案：C 解析：根据“began to take an shopping bag with her on runs”可知，此处人们开始参与跑步时捡拾垃圾，因此这里指跟随这个倡议开始行动。故选C。 8.A．food B．clothes C．tools D．waste 答案：D 解析：根据下文“It wasn’t long until she uncovered some of the upsetting 　　　　 of littering”可知，Mysha看到沿途令人担忧的垃圾，因此人们携带购物袋边跑步边捡拾垃圾。故选D。 9.A．truths B．processes C．instances D．consequences 答案：D 解析：根据下文“struggling to chew their way out”可知，动物被困住，才会挣扎想要逃跑。这是环境污染的不良后果。故选D。 10.A．rare B．poisonous C．organic D．unstable 答案：B 解析：根据下文“chemicals contained in batteries”可知，包含在电池里的化学物质是有毒的。故选B。 11.A．raised B．trapped C．placed D．buried 答案：B 解析：根据下文“struggling to chew their way out”可知，动物被困住，才会挣扎想要逃跑。故选B。 12.A．curious B．worried C．passionate D．confused 答案：C 解析：根据下文“She joined her local litter-picking group”可知，Mysha加入了本地捡拾垃圾小组，因此她对这个环保行为充满热情。故选C。 13.A．take over B．insist on C．turn down D．rise to 答案：A 解析：根据下文“leadership of the group”可知，Mysha接管担任了小组领导。故选A。 14.A．ceased B．hesitated C．attempted D．continued 答案：D 解析：根据上文“Despite the big volumes of litter being dropped”可知，尽管环保小组人员数量骤降，这里有让步关系，所以Mysha和其他成员继续环保行为，与上文形成对比转折。故选D。 15.A．actions B．dreams C．hobbies D．memories 答案：A 解析：根据下文“Together， we can achieve amazing things!”可知，我们在共同努力开展环保行动，并影响了很多人。故选A。 Ⅳ．语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2025·贵州省安顺市高三下二模) 　　China is leading the global transition to cleaner energy， with significant advancements in its wind and photovoltaic (PV) (光电的) power industries．So far， China’s installed PV capacity 1.　　　　　　　　 (reach) about 470 million kilowatts， leading the global rankings for eight years in 2.　　　　　　　　 row， while its wind power capacity hit 389 million kilowatts， leading 3.　　　　　　　　 (global) for 13 years， according to the National Energy Administration (NEA)． 　　The country is accelerating the upgrade of its wind and solar power industries．In wind power， China has made key 4.　　　　　　　　 (breakthrough)， such as the invention of super-long bladed (叶片)， surpassing international competitors in large-scale and floating wind power platforms．The world’s first 16-megawatt offshore wind turbine，5.　　　　　　　is located in Fujian， has begun generating electricity．Wind power clusters are forming across China， from Hainan to Shanxi， with complete industrial chains 6.　　　　　　　　(support) the field． 　　China’s solar power industry is also making rapid progress in 7.　　　　　　(technology) innovation．A PV cell module from a Chinese company recently achieved record 8.　 (efficient)．These advanced modules are more resistant to high temperatures and can generate power from both sides． 　　China’s wind and solar power companies are expanding， with key components accounting 9.　　　　　　　　 70 % of the global market share．The rapid growth of these industries has significantly contributed to China’s economic development．China plans 10.　　　　　　　　 (have) a total installed capacity of over 1.2 billion kilowatts for its wind and photovoltaic power generation by 2030， as part of its transition to a clean energy system． 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述的是中国在清洁能源转型方面的领先地位，特别是在风电和光伏(PV)发电产业方面取得的显著进展。 1.答案：has reached 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。由So far可知，句子时态是现在完成时，主语capacity是不可数名词，因此空格处是has reached。故填has reached。 2.答案：a 解析：考查冠词。in a row是固定短语，意为“连续”，因此空格处用a，故填a。 3.答案：globally 解析：考查副词。空格处用副词globally修饰动词leading，globally意为“全球地”。故填globally。 4.答案：breakthroughs 解析：考查名词的复数。breakthrough是可数名词，表示“突破”，且此处强调多个突破，因此要用复数形式breakthroughs。故填breakthroughs。 5.答案：which 解析：考查定语从句。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词turbine是物，因此空格处用关系代词which，故填which。 6.答案：supporting 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是with复合结构，complete industrial chains和support之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，作宾语补足语，故填supporting。 7.答案：technological 解析：考查形容词。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词innovation，technology的形容词是technological，意为“技术的”。故填technological。 8.答案：efficiency 解析：考查名词。空格处用名词作宾语，efficient的名词是efficiency，意为“效率”，是不可数名词，故填efficiency。 9.答案：for 解析：考查介词。account for是固定短语，意为“占……的比例”，因此空格处用介词for，故填for。 10.答案：to have 解析：考查不定式。plan to do sth是固定短语，意为“计划做某事”，因此空格处用不定式to have。故填to have。 学生用书⬇第147页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $