单元测评5 必修2 Unit 5 Humans and Nature （Word练习）-【金版新学案】2027年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（北师大版）

**基本信息** 聚焦“人与社会”“人与自然”主题，通过多样化语篇强化语言能力与思维品质，系统整合阅读策略与解题方法。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|15题（含细节、推理、词义、标题题型）|细节题定位原文关键信息，推理题分析逻辑关系，词义题结合上下文语境，标题题归纳主旨|从信息识别到逻辑推理，构建“定位-分析-归纳”递进式阅读思维链| |阅读七选五|10题（环保、旅游主题）|空格前后语境衔接，代词指代与逻辑词关联，段落主旨匹配|以语篇连贯为核心，训练“句间-段间”逻辑关系分析能力| |完形填空|15题（环保创新主题）|上下文语境词义辨析，情感线索与逻辑连贯，固定搭配运用|通过叙事线索串联词汇知识与语篇理解，提升语境应用能力| |语法填空|10题（国际合作主题）|动词时态语态、非谓语动词、定语从句等语法点，词性转换与冠词运用|以语法规则为框架，结合语篇意义实现语法知识的情境化输出|

单元测评5　Unit 5　Humans and Nature (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订!) A卷 (时间：45分钟　满分：50分) Ⅰ．阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共37.5分) A (2026·四川省部分学校高三下4月联考) 　　With educational resources， you have access to valuable things to help you grow better．Here are four types of them that may be suitable for specific advancements in some areas． Law 101 Classroom 　　This classroom provides learners of all ages with a basic understanding of the modern law’s text， history， and structure．Drawing on primary source documents， learners will study law cases from a range of diverse voices interactively．Each class you take includes law essays， quality analysis， and expert instructions．All the courses allow you to learn at your own speed according to your situations， so you can fit them into your schedule． Humanities Library 　　The humanities refer to courses in two major categories， art and culture， designed to enrich students’ knowledge of the world together with their own life．This library provides degree programs in many areas， which allow students to compare their thinking with that of persons from other regions and times， thus enabling them to better understand themselves， the society， and the world with their own mind． Financial Media Lab 　　The skills and expertise required for a career in finance are in high demand across countless industries．Luckily， the free platform offers recent graduates， early to mid-career professionals and other individuals videos， podcasts， and courses on financial topics， delivered by some world-renowned financial management universities． Act One More Dance Talent Studio 　　The art studio offers affordable classes that are set up to be weekly dance lessons in all forms．And these lessons are targeted at kids aged 5-12 and teens aged 13-19 at various dance skill levels， including introductory dance foundation classes．You can enroll anytime during the season．Your enrollment and tuition fee is for the full session season， typically 9-12 weeks． 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四种不同类型的教育资源，包括法律、人文、金融和舞蹈艺术方面的课程。 1.Which word best describes the courses in the Law 101 Classroom？ A．Complex．　　 B．Irrelevant． C．Traditional．　　 D．Self-paced． 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。 根据Law 101 Classroom部分中的 “All the courses allow you to learn at your own speed according to your situations， so you can fit them into your schedule．” 可知，其课程特点是“自定进度”的。故选D。 2.What does the Humanities Library aim to do？ A．Provide science programs． B．Compare different knowledge． C．Enhance students’ ability to think． D．Lead students to care more about others’ lives． 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。 根据Humanities Library部分中的“...allow students to compare their thinking with that of persons from other regions and times， thus enabling them to better understand themselves， the society， and the world with their own mind．”可知，其目的是通过比较和反思来增强学生的思考能力。故选C。 3.Which department’s graduates are most probably interested in the Financial Media Lab？ A．Business Administration． B．News Media． C．Law． D．Art． 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。 根据Financial Media Lab部分中的 “The skills and expertise required for a career in finance are in high demand... some world-renowned financial management universities．”可知，该平台提供金融领域的资源，因此最可能吸引工商管理(Business Administration)等相关专业的毕业生。故选A。 B (2025·湖南省永州市高三下三模) 　　During my undergraduate years in Kerala， India， a severe flood changed my life．One morning， I was urgently awakened by a friend informing me that heavy rain had caused flooding in our area．Outside， the scene was chaotic： families trapped on rooftops， children crying for help， and hospital patients being evacuated (疏散)．My friends and I immediately joined the rescue efforts， distributing food to those affected．This experience had a profound impact on me， leading me to a new career path． 　　I had initially pursued civil engineering， inspired by my dream of designing buildings．However， as my studies progressed， I became more interested in research．The flood clarified my direction．After volunteering in affected communities that summer， I decided to focus on natural disasters．I applied for a master’s program in development studies， a multidisciplinary (多学科的) course covering sustainable development， geography， and economics， with hands-on community projects．This decision greatly surprised my friends and family， who questioned why I was leaving engineering for social sciences．They worried about my job prospects， but I was determined to follow my passion． 　　The program exposed me to projects helping communities plan for climate change， strengthening my belief in this path．I then applied for a Ph．D．， despite financial uncertainty and the challenge of switching fields．Many universities preferred candidates with consistent academic backgrounds， and I faced rejections and skepticism during interviews．However， one program accepted me， allowing me to study how better water resource management and policy can help vulnerable populations adapt to climate change uncertainties． 　　Starting the Ph．D．was exciting but challenging．Now， three years into my program， I am confident in my decision．The challenges are worth it， as I can dive into an issue I care deeply about and potentially help people．My journey has taught me that following your heart， even on an unconventional path， is the right choice． 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在印度喀拉拉邦读本科时，一场严重的洪水改变其职业道路的经历。作者从最初的土木工程专业，转向研究自然灾害，并坚定地在这条道路上追求梦想。 4.What does the writer want to show by mentioning the flood experience？ A．The urgency of rescue efforts． B．The necessity of distributing food． C．Its significant effect on his career path． D．Its disastrous consequences for the residents． 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，作者提及洪水经历是为了表明它对自己的职业道路产生了重大影响。故选C项。 5.How did the writer’s friends and family feel about his career decision？ A．They felt happy and proud． B．They felt angry and confused． C．They felt doubtful and dismissive． D．They felt shocked and concerned． 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“This decision greatly surprised my friends and family， who questioned why I was leaving engineering for social sciences．They worried about my job prospects， but I was determined to follow my passion．”可知，作者的朋友和家人对他的职业决定感到惊讶，并且质疑他为什么放弃工程学转向社会科学，还担心他的就业前景，即他们感到震惊和担忧。故选D项。 6.Which of the following best describes the writer’s application process for a Ph．D．？ A．Eventful．　　 B．Unbearable． C．Delightful．　　 D．Effortless． 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I then applied for a Ph．D...．help vulnerable populations adapt to climate change uncertainties．”可知，作者申请博士学位时面临经济上的不确定性、跨专业的挑战，许多大学更倾向于学术背景一致的候选人，面试中还遭遇了拒绝和质疑，尽管困难重重，但最终有一个项目录取了他。由此可推断出作者申请博士学位的过程充满了波折。故选A项。 7.What can we learn from the text？ A．Challenges are unavoidable． B．We should think before we act． C．We should pursue our dreams despite conventions． D．Following others’ advice helps make right decisions． 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，作者的经历让他明白，即使选择一条非传统的道路，也要追随自己的内心，即我们应该不顾常规去追求梦想。故选C项。 C (2025·江西省新余市高三下二模) 　　We all know cacti (仙人掌) store water—but to survive， they also adjust their flower positions to gain more sunlight or shade， and so much more．Scientists have been copying the 　resilient 　plants’ methods to help engineer our future． 　　One of the most exciting advancements involves Copiapoa， a genus of cacti with at least 32 species found in the coastal Atacama Desert， the driest nonpolar desert on Earth．These cacti， typically five to six inches wide， can form gray-green bushes that spread out over an area otherwise empty of vegetation． 　　Documented by many scientists， Copiapoas probably survive by “drinking” the salty fog that sweeps in from the sea every morning， as well as the dew—tiny bits of water—that forms on their spines (尖刺) and skin．This has inspired researcher Tegwen Malik from Swansea University to think about whether the dew-collecting process might be reproduced in metal structures． 　　Specifically， Malik took a close look at the one-and-a-quarter-inch spines of Copiapoas and found that their surface has a series of tiny channels that broaden at the base．“This creates a surface roughness that enables dew drops to move along them even against gravity，” she says． 　　Starting in 2013， she set out to re-create that structure by engineering a flat metal reproduction of the stems and spines of the Copiapoa， which she began testing under a series of different temperatures and humidities．After several years of experiments—testing indoor and outdoor conditions， and with various cooling methods—she finally got it to work．In 2023， Malik published a study showing that the irregular surface was 8 percent more efficient at harvesting dew than a flat sheet used as a baseline． 　　Malik imagines desert homes with water-collecting features to provide clean water in dry regions．“The easiest way could be to place dew-harvesting surfaces on roofs， but you could also have these structures in tents in the desert，” she says．“We truly have hidden treasures in the Copiapoa， and we are only just learning some of their secrets．” 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家受仙人掌启发，研发出了可以在干旱地区收集露水的金属结构，为干燥地区提供清洁水源。 8.What does the underlined word “resilient” mean in Paragraph 1？ A．Highly adaptable to different soils． B．Able to grow quickly and efficiently． C．Resistant to diseases and harmful insects． D．Capable of surviving difficult conditions． 答案：D 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段内容可知，画线词修饰的plants指代cacti (仙人掌)，这种植物能在干旱的沙漠中生存下来，所以推断resilient的意思是“能在困难环境中生存下来的”。故选D。 9.What drove Tegwen Malik to study Copiapoas？ A．Their metal-like surface． B．Their mechanism to gather water． C．Their typical appearance． D．Their ability to form water drops． 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段可知，是仙人掌收集水分的机制启发了Tegwen Malik去研究它。故选B。 10.What was the main focus of Malik’s experiment with the Copiapoa？ A．Recreating a flat metal copy of it． B．Testing if its metal copy would work． C．Seeing how it survives various climates． D．Finding the most efficient cooling method for it． 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中“Starting in 2013...than a flat sheet used as a baseline．”可知，Malik关于Copiapoa的实验重点是测试它的金属复制品是否有效。故选B。 11.How may Malik’s metal structure be applied？ A．To secure water supply in dry areas． B．To clean salty water in desert homes． C．To enable desert explorers to travel light． D．To improve ways to discover hidden treasures． 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Malik imagines desert homes with water-collecting features to provide clean water in dry regions．”可知，Malik的金属结构可能被应用于确保干旱地区的水供应。故选A。 D (2025·辽宁省重点中学协作校高三下二模) 　　An alarming phenomenon has sprung up over the past few years： Many students are arriving at college unprepared to read entire books．Professors said they’ve seen a general change in how their students engage with literature．Students feel stressed at the thought of reading multiple books a semester． 　　Why is this happening？ The attraction of smartphones and social media came up， and it appears that many middle and high schools are teaching fewer full books．But a deeper cause is a change in values， not ability．The problem does not appear to be that “kids these days” are incurious or uninterested in reading．Instead， young people might be responding to a cultural message： Books just aren’t that important． 　　The professors didn’t think their students were lazy．If anything， they were shocked at how overscheduled and anxious college kids are today—and they saw that their students’ schedules are crowded with activities that are less about personal development and more relevant to future employment．“There are too many demands on their time and focus to devote themselves easily or fully to works of literature that might take 20 hours to consume，” James Shapiro， an English professor at Columbia， said． 　　In 1971， 37 percent of students said that a central objective of their college years was to become well-off financially.73 percent said it was to develop a meaningful philosophy of life．By 2015， those numbers had almost completely switched.82 percent of students said that it was essential for them to use college to become well-off financially， while 47 percent said they wanted to develop a meaningful philosophy of life．Experts and parents alike have emphasized preprofessional courses and downplayed the importance of humanistic study．In this environment， spending hours reading a novel may seem unproductive． 　　In some ways， this is a hopeful conclusion： If we’ve shifted what we value， then it stands to reason that we could， as a society， shift back．The responsibility doesn’t lie only with Gen Z．Everyone who’s upset about the change has a role to play in turning it around． 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了当代大学生阅读整本书能力下降这一令人担忧的现象，揭示了其背后的深层社会原因，并呼吁全社会共同推动教育价值观的回归。 12.What is the main concern raised in Paragraph 1？ A．Students’ struggle with literature． B．Professors’ dissatisfaction with students． C．Universities’ failure to prepare students． D．Students’ declining interest in classic works． 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。 根据第一段 “Many students are arriving at college unprepared to read entire books．”以及“Students feel stressed at the thought of reading multiple books a semester．”可知，本段主要提出了学生在文学阅读方面遇到的困难。故选A。 13.What can be inferred from James Shapiro’s words？ A．Students can’t manage time properly． B．Students prefer to read shorter materials． C．Students have no ability to focus on lengthy texts． D．Students are too occupied to fully appreciate literature． 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。 根据第三段 James Shapiro 的话 “There are too many demands on their time and focus to devote themselves easily or fully to works of literature”可知，学生们因日程过满而无暇充分欣赏文学。故选D。 14.Why are the statistics mentioned in Paragraph 4？ A．To show students’ stress and anxiety． B．To illustrate the shift in students’ priorities． C．To highlight the significance of personal growth． D．To argue for the value of preprofessional courses． 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。 第四段通过对比1971年和2015年大学生求学目标的数据，旨在说明学生们的优先事项和价值观发生了显著变化。故选B。 15.Which can be a suitable title for the passage？ A．What Are the Challenges of Modern Education？ B．Why Are College Students Avoiding Literature？ C．Can Society Restore the Value of Reading Literature？ D．How Has Technology Redefined Reading for Students？ 答案：B 解析：标题归纳题。 通读全文，文章开篇提出大学生难以阅读整本书的现象，随后从科技干扰、学校教学、尤其是价值观转变(更看重职业前景而非人文素养)等角度深入分析了其原因，因此全文核心是探讨“大学生为何回避文学”。故选B。 Ⅱ．阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·辽宁省县域重点高中高三下二模) 　　Greenwashing is the process of conveying a false impression or providing misleading information about how a company’s products are environmentally sound．Companies involved in greenwashing behavior might make claims that their products are from recycled materials or have energy-saving benefits．　　1　　 But companies engaged in greenwashing typically exaggerate (夸大) the benefits．For example， the manufacturer of a rug who increased the recycled content from 2% to 3% can label it as 50% more recycled content than before．Although technically true， the message conveys the false impression．　　2　　 　　Greenwashing is an attempt to take advantage of the growing demand for environmentally sound products， whether that means they are more natural， healthier， free of chemicals， recyclable， or less wasteful of natural resources．Products can be greenwashed through renaming， rebranding， or repackaging them．In reality， the company may not be making a meaningful commitment to green initiatives． 　　　　3　　 Some products are genuinely green．The marketers of truly green products are only too happy to be specific about the beneficial attributes (特性) of their products．The website for Allbirds， for example， explains that its sneakers are made from merino wool， with laces made from recycled plastic bottles， and insoles that contain castor bean oil．　　4　　 　　An environmental marketing claim should specify whether it refers to the product， the packaging， or just a portion of the product or package．A plastic package containing a new shower curtain is labeled “recyclable”．　　5　　 But in either case， the label is deceptive if any part of the package or its content cannot be recycled． A．Some of the environmental claims might be partly true． B．Of course， not all companies are involved in greenwashing． C．It is not clear whether the package or the content is recyclable． D．Even the boxes used in shipping are produced using recycled paper． E．Some products are completely or partly made from recycled material． F．Consumers may think it contains a significant amount of recycled fiber． G．These benefits may sound practically unrealistic to the general public． 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍绿色漂绿现象，指出部分公司夸大环保宣传，同时也存在真正绿色产品，并强调环保标签需明晰。 1.答案：A 解析：由下文“But companies engaged in greenwashing typically exaggerate(夸大) the benefits．For example， the manufacturer of a rug who increased the recycled content from 2% to 3% can label it as 50% more recycled content than before．Although technically true， the message conveys the false impression．”可知，尽管技术上说法正确但传达错误印象，这说明一些环保声明可能部分是真实的。A项引出下文对绿色漂绿行为中部分声明看似属实但实际上误导人的阐述，故选A项。 2.答案：F 解析：根据上文“For example， the manufacturer of a rug who increased the recycled content from 2% to 3% can label it as 50% more recycled content than before．Although technically true， the message conveys the false impression．”可知，地毯回收含量提升幅度不大却给出误导性标注，F项承接上文，说明这种误导性标注会让消费者产生错误认知，故选F。 3.答案：B 解析：由下文“Some products are genuinely green．The marketers of truly green products are only too happy to be specific about the beneficial attributes(特性) of their products．”可知，本段阐述存在真正环保的产品，有些产品是真正环保的，B项引出下文对真正环保公司及产品的介绍，故选B。 4.答案：D 解析：由上文“The website for Allbirds， for example， explains that its sneakers are made from merino wool， with laces made from recycled plastic bottles， and insoles that contain castor bean oil．”可知，这里在介绍 Allbirds 品牌运动鞋的环保材质，而D项进一步补充该品牌在包装运输方面的环保举措，承接上文。故选D。 5.答案：C 解析：由上文“A plastic package containing a new shower curtain is labeled ‘recyclable’．”及下文“But in either case， the label is deceptive if any part of the package or its content cannot be recycled．”可知，C项承接上文提到的标有“可回收”的包装，引出下文关于若部分不可回收标签具有欺骗性的论述。故选C。 B卷 (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订!) (时间：45分钟　满分：62.5分) Ⅰ．阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·安徽省安庆市高三下二模) 　　Earthquakes， some unnoticeably quiet， hold the potential for destruction．Traditionally， seismologists have relied on seismometers (地震检波器) to detect and analyze earthquakes．However， this process has been filled with limitations， being both time-consuming and often imprecise．But the era of AI is coming．Zachary Ross from Caltech recognized the vast amounts of seismic data available in California and saw an opportunity for innovation． 　　Ross initially focused on the countless tiny earthquakes that had previously avoided detection．By creating models of known seismic wave patterns and applying an algorithm (算法) to search for similar ones， he unearthed nearly two million previously hidden quakes between 2008 and 2017.This discovery uncovered a detailed and previously unseen fault network， providing crucial insights into the underground activity． 　　Subsequently， Ross employed more advanced self-learning programs．These programs not only identified new types of seismic events， such as the long-lasting earthquakes in California and the previously undetected volcanic activity in Hawaii， but also predicted the characteristics of a wide variety of earthquakes． 　　In the seismological community， there is a sense of cautious optimism regarding Ross’s work．AI has the potential to change the field by processing seismic records with unmatched speed and precision，　elevating　 the capabilities of scientists．For instance， it can handle multiple seismic records and present them in three dimensions far more quickly than humans． 　　Nevertheless， there are concerns．Geoscientists who are not skilled in machine learning may struggle to keep up．There is a need to train the broader seismology community to understand and evaluate these AI-driven products． 　　As these programs continue to progress and gain accuracy， they could significantly improve earthquake early-warning systems．In earthquake areas like Tokyo， AI is already being used to scan images and detect disasters such as fires and building collapses， enabling authorities to respond quickly．While AI offers great promise， it remains a tool．It is set to become an essential part of earthquake research， much like seismometers， but with the potential to unlock a new level of understanding and preparedness． 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能在地震研究中的应用。传统的地震检测方法存在局限性，而 Zachary Ross 利用人工智能算法取得了一些重要发现，虽然人工智能在地震研究中带来了希望，但也存在一些担忧。 1.What is a disadvantage of the traditional earthquake detection method？ A．It costs too much． B．It requires lots of data． C．It relies on many staff． D．It’s slow and inaccurate． 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Traditionally， seismologists have relied on seismometers (地震检波器) to detect and analyze earthquakes．However， this process has been filled with limitations， being both time-consuming and often imprecise．”可知，传统地震检测方法的缺点是缓慢且不准确。故选D。 2.What can we learn from Ross’s discovery？ A．It revealed a comprehensive unseen network． B．It exposed many undetectable earthquakes． C．It predicted new types of volcanic activities． D．It confused people about the underground event． 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“This discovery uncovered a detailed and previously unseen fault network， providing crucial insights into the underground activity．”可知，Ross 的发现揭示了一个全面的、以前未被看到的网络。故选A。 3.What does the underlined word “elevating” in Paragraph 4 mean？ A．Boosting．　　B．Restricting． C．Underestimating．　　D．Guaranteeing． 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段“AI has the potential to change the field by processing seismic records with unmatched speed and precision”可知，人工智能的速度和精度提升地震记录，从而提升科学家的能力，所以“elevating”意思是“提升”。故选A。 4.What’s the author’s attitude towards AI in earthquake research？ A．Completely critical． B．Somewhat doubtful． C．Cautiously positive． D．Overly supportive． 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“While AI offers great promise， it remains a tool．It is set to become an essential part of earthquake research， much like seismometers， but with the potential to unlock a new level of understanding and preparedness．”可知，作者对人工智能在地震研究中的态度是谨慎的积极。故选C。 B (2025·山东省济南市高三下开学考试) 　　Climate change is largely responsible for the mass die-off of our planet’s coral reefs (珊瑚礁)， as stress caused by higher water temperatures causes corals to drive away the algae (藻类) living within them．The loss of that life-giving algae isn’t the only problem， however． 　　Stressed corals are also more likely to be infected by naturally occurring bacteria．In the past， populations of those extremely small living things were kept to manageable levels by sea cucumbers (海参)， which feed on seafloor sediment (沉积物)．Unfortunately， due to over-harvesting for use in the Asian seafood market， sea cucumbers are now becoming increasingly rare in many regions． 　　In order to see just how crucial the animals are to coral health， a Georgia Tech team led by Mark Hay and Cody Clements conducted a series of field experiments in the South Pacific Ocean． 　　Near the island of Mo’orea in French Polynesia， the scientists left existing sea cucumbers in 10 plots of sandy seabed and removed them from 10 others， then planted five coral groups in each of the plots．Those plots were subsequently inspected on a daily basis for a period of 45 days．It was ultimately found that coral death rate caused by sediment-associated diseases was 15 times greater in the sea-cucumber-less plots． 　　Hay and Clements now hope that their findings will motivate governments and other groups to implement stricter limits on the harvesting of sea cucumbers， and to begin raising the animals for release onto corals that are in need of protection．Farmed sea cucumbers could potentially also find use in keeping fish farms clean， and possibly even delaying certain diseases． 　　“If you remove all the sediment eaters in the great fish tank of Earth， you’re going to get a dirty tank eventually，” said Clements．“People have paid lip service to the idea that sea cucumbers could be important for a long time， but we didn’t know the scale of their importance until now．” 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海参通过吃海底沉积物来控制那些可能感染珊瑚的微生物种群数量，减少疾病危害，起到维持珊瑚健康的作用，研究人员呼吁加强海参保护以维护珊瑚礁生态。 5.Why are sea cucumbers important for coral health？ A．They directly provide nutrients to corals． B．They help to reduce disease risk to corals． C．They produce algae essential for coral life． D．They drive the harmful algae away from corals． 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“Stressed corals are also more likely... which feed on seafloor sediment (沉积物)．”可知，海参对珊瑚的健康很重要，因为它们有助于减少珊瑚患病的风险。故选B项。 6.What was the key difference between the two sets of plots in the experiment？ A．The presence or absence of sea cucumbers． B．The types of coral groups planted in them． C．The quantity of seafloor sediment in each plot． D．The frequency of inspections over the 45-day period． 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“Near the island of Mo’orea in French Polynesia， the scientists left existing sea cucumbers in 10 plots of sandy seabed and removed them from 10 others， then planted five coral groups in each of the plots．”可知，进行实验的两组海床地块的关键区别在于有无海参。故选A项。 7.What did Hay and Clements appeal for？ A．A ban on seafood harvesting in the tested region． B．The establishment of new coral reserves worldwide． C．The adoption of more sea cucumber conservation practices． D．Further study on the uses of farmed sea cucumbers in medicine． 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中“Hay and Clements now hope that their findings will motivate governments and other groups to implement stricter limits on the harvesting of sea cucumbers， and to begin raising the animals for release onto corals that are in need of protection．”可知，Hay和Clements呼吁采取更多措施保护海参。故选C项。 8.What do Clements’ words imply in the last paragraph？ A．The importance of sea cucumbers was greatly overstated． B．Sea cucumbers were considered insignificant for a long time． C．People have already taken measures to protect sea cucumbers． D．Sea cucumbers play a vital role in keeping marine ecosystem healthy． 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中Clements所说的话“If you remove all the sediment eaters in the great fish tank of Earth， you’re going to get a dirty tank eventually”可知，Clements用鱼缸清洁这一比喻形象地说明如果把处理沉积物的海参移除了，海洋环境就会变差。由此可知，海参在维持健康海洋环境方面起着至关重要的作用。故选D项。 Ⅱ．阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·河南省信阳市高三下二模) 　　Copenhagen is a beautiful city that attracts a large number of tourists， especially during the summer．While tourism is great for the economy， it also has an impact on environment．In order to change that， tourists can participate in green activities like picking up litter， using public transport， or biking around the city．　　1　　 　　This project is called CopenPay and it is being trialed this summer．　　2　　 The project was introduced by Copenhagen’s official tourism organization to get tourists to act more sustainably．While many tourists express the desire for eco-friendly travel， very few have changed their behavior． 　　　　3　　 It will reward green actions including taking part in clean-ups or volunteering at an urban farm．The project is trust-based， so it is unlikely that the venues will ask for proof but some may request a photo of you doing a green activity or a train ticket． 　　There are 24 participants in the pilot program， including museums and urban experiences for tourists to participate in．There are several places offering free ice cream or coffee for taking public transport．Visitors to the National Gallery who bring plastic waste can participate in a workshop to turn the trash into a piece of art．　　4　　 There are free tours at the Cisternerne underground art hall， if you walk or bike to the venue． 　　Maybe none of these small activities will make a huge impact on the environment．However， small things do make a difference．　　5　　 Besides， tourists can bring an important souvenir home from their vacation． A．They will change people’s attitudes． B．Few tourists show interest in this project． C．Tourists can choose to take public transport． D．CopenPay hopes to help bridge the gap in this way． E．It was designed to help reduce the environmental costs． F．They will be rewarded with food or souvenirs after doing these． G．Tourists can help care for the gardens at a museum for free admission． 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了哥本哈根市正在通过一些奖励措施鼓励游客采取环保行动。 1.答案：F 解析：前文“While tourism is great for the economy， it also has an impact on environment．In order to change that， tourists can participate in green activities like picking up litter， using public transport， or biking around the city．”提到为改变旅游业对环境的破坏，游客被组织参与绿色活动，因此F项说明游客在完成任务后可以得到奖励，承接前文，其中的They指代前一句中的tourists，these指代前一句中的green activities。故选F。 2.答案：E 解析：前文“This project is called CopenPay and it is being trialed this summer．”提到该项目的名称和试用时间，后文“The project was introduced by Copenhagen’s official tourism organization to get tourists to act more sustainably．”进一步介绍该项目的组织者和目的，因此E项说明该项目的宗旨，承前启后。故选E。 3.答案：D 解析：后文“It will reward green actions including taking part in clean-ups or volunteering at an urban farm．”提到该项目会奖励绿色行动，因此D项指出该项目希望实现的目标，后文是介绍目标实现的方式，其中的CopenPay是后一句中It指代的对象。故选D。 4.答案：G 解析：前文“Visitors to the National Gallery who bring plastic waste can participate in a workshop to turn the trash into a piece of art．”介绍国家美术馆鼓励的绿色活动，后文“There are free tours at the Cisternerne underground art hall， if you walk or bike to the venue．”介绍Cisternerne地下艺术大厅鼓励的绿色活动，因此G项介绍博物馆鼓励的绿色活动，和前后句是并列关系，都在列举该项目的不同参与方提供的绿色活动。故选G。 5.答案：A 解析：前文“However， small things do make a difference．”肯定小事情的重要价值，后文“Besides， tourists can bring an important souvenir home from their vacation．”指出另一好处是得到纪念品，因此A项指出一个好处是改变人们的态度，承接前文，后文和选项是递进关系，其中的They指代前一句中的small things。故选A。 Ⅲ．完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2025·河北省石家庄市高三上期末) 　　Sargassum is the smelly seaweed piling up on beaches across the Caribbean．It isn’t something most people　　1　　 kindly．But for Omar de Vazquez， a gardener， it was something like a(n) 　　2　　． 　　Years ago， as part of his gardening business， Omar launched a beach cleanup service to　　3　　 the leafy seaweed．But， as its 　　4　　 intensified， he started considering how to turn it into something useful， and in 2018 he 　　5　　 a way to use it in building blocks．He started his company—SargaBlock to market the bricks which are being 　　6　　 by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) as a sustainable solution to a current environmental problem． 　　“When I look at SargaBlock， it’s like looking in a　　7　　，” he says， comparing his company to overcoming his personal 　　8　　， including drug and alcohol addiction．“That was a time when I felt unwanted and 　　9　　， like the sargassum people complained about．” 　　Luckily， Omar grew up in nature and poverty， which　　10　　 his character and turned him into someone who takes action．He wanted to make something good out of something everyone saw as bad．Omar then put his idea into 　　11　　， mixing 40% sargassum with other organic materials， like clay， which he then puts into a block-forming machine．The process was 　　12　　． 　　The UNDP selected Omar’s work for their Accelerator Lab， which　　13　　 and recognizes innovative solutions to environmental challenges globally．The idea is that some of the most timely and creative 　　14　　 come from locals suffering from environmental dilemmas 　　15　　． 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。海藻在加勒比海海滩堆积如山，多数人对此头疼不已，但园艺师奥马尔却视其为机遇。他本从事海滩清理工作，后决心将海藻变为资源，终在2018年发明海藻砖，创办SargaBlock公司。 1.A．look upon　　 B．bring in C．give up　　 D．come across 答案：A 解析：根据前文的“Sargassum is the smelly seaweed piling up on beaches across the Caribbean．”可知，马尾藻是一种堆积在加勒比海海滩上的臭海藻，人们不喜欢这种东西， look upon意为“看待”，在此处符合句意，表达人们对海藻的态度不是积极的。故选A项。 2.A．game　　 B．gift C．race　　 D．trouble 答案：B 解析：根据后文的“But， as its 　　　　 intensified， he started considering how to turn it into something useful， and in 2018 he 　　　　 a way to use it in building blocks．”可知，奥马尔找到了利用这种海藻的方法，对他而言这是一种机遇，所以用gift“礼物”来形容最贴切。故选B项。 3.A．access　　 B．harvest C．remove　　 D．process 答案：C 解析：根据前文的“Omar launched a beach cleanup service to”可知，奥马尔发起了一项海滩清理服务，所以要清除海藻。故选C项。 4.A．heat　　 B．image C．presence　　 D．movement 答案：C 解析：根据后文的“he started considering how to turn it into something useful， and in 2018 he 　　　　 a way to use it in building blocks”可知，海藻的存在越来越严重，他必须考虑其他方法应对。故选C项。 5.A．worked out　　 B．called for C．showed off　　 D．turned down 答案：A 解析：根据后文的“a way to use it in building blocks”可知，他找到利用海藻方法。故选A项。 6.A．highlighted　　 B．undervalued C．overemphasized　　 D．withdrawn 答案：A 解析：根据后文的“by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) as a sustainable solution to a current environmental problem”可知，这种砖是解决当前环境问题的可持续解决方案，联合国开发计划署对此进行强调。故选A项。 7.A．window　　 B．mirror C．dictionary　　 D．puzzle 答案：B 解析：根据前文的“When I look at SargaBlock， it’s like looking in a”可知，这里比喻SargaBlock像一面镜子反映出他的个人经历。故选B项。 8.A．struggles　　 B．fears C．desires　　 D．opinions 答案：A 解析：根据前文的“comparing his company to overcoming his personal”和后文“including drug and alcohol addiction”可知，他把自己的公司比作克服自己的个人困难，struggles指的是“斗争，挣扎”，符合个人挑战的描述。故选A项。 9.A．appreciated　　 B．infected C．interrupted　　 D．rejected 答案：D 解析：根据后文的“like the sargassum people complained about”可知，本句描述奥马尔当时的感受，就像人们抱怨的马尾藻一样，他也被拒绝。故选D项。 10.A．fitted　　 B．shaped C．revealed　　 D．described 答案：B 解析：根据前文的“Luckily， Omar grew up in nature and poverty”和后文“his character and turned him into someone who takes action”可知，这里指自然和贫困的环境对他的性格形成有影响，这些塑造了他的性格。故选B项。 11.A．operation　　 B．words C．bills　　 D．profit 答案：A 解析：根据后文的“mixing 40% sargassum with other organic materials， like clay， which he then puts into a block-forming machine”可知，奥马尔将他的想法付诸实践，创造了新的解决方案。故选A项。 12.A．straightforward　　B．transforming　　C．natural　　D．consuming 答案：B 解析：根据后文的“The UNDP selected Omar’s work for their Accelerator Lab， which 　　　　 and recognizes innovative solutions to environmental challenges globally．”可知，他的新方法得到联合国开发计划署的认可，这个过程正在转变海藻的处理方式。故选B项。 13.A．combines　　 B．provides C．identifies　　 D．drafts 答案：C 解析：根据后文的“and recognizes innovative solutions to environmental challenges globally”可知，该实验室负责识别和认可应对全球环境挑战的创新解决方案，identifies意味着“识别，确认”，符合实验室寻找并确认创新方案的职责。故选C项。 14.A．responses　　 B．reminder C．appeal　　 D．issues 答案：A 解析：根据后文的“come from locals”可知，联合国开发计划署认为最及时、最具创意的回应来自那些直接遭受环境困境的当地人， responses指的是“应对，反应，回应”，这里指针对环境问题的解决方案。故选A项。 15.A．alongside　　 B．offshore C．underneath　　 D．firsthand 答案：D 解析：根据前文的“come from locals suffering from environmental dilemmas”可知，一些最及时、最具创意的回应来自那些直接遭受环境困境的当地人，firsthand意味着“直接的，第一手的”，符合当地人亲身经历环境问题的描述。故选D项。 Ⅳ．语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2025·山东省滨州市高三上期末) 　　Thanks to a water desalination (脱盐) project by State Grid Brazil， people in Joao Camara have safe drinking water at home．Before the project， the residents in a Joao Camara village had 1.　　　　　　　　 (difficult) gaining access to safe drinking water．Affected by the semi-arid climate， the local groundwater has a bitter taste due to high-salt content and isn’t suitable for drinking．The water issue 2.　　　　　　　　 (threaten) the health and development of local communities for a long time． 　　When the workers from the State Grid Brazil heard about the water crisis， they decided to carry out a public welfare project to desalinate the brackish water．The project includes a smart water supply system 3.　　　　　　　 　 (equip) with salty water desalination facilities，4.　　　　　　　　 employ advanced technology to purify groundwater． 　　On Dec.31， 2022， making safe drinking water accessible became 5.　　　　　　　　 　　　 reality： people there could turn on the taps in their community with clean water flowing for daily use．“As ‘salty water’ turns into ‘sweet water’， the project has significantly improved the daily lives of every family， thus 6.　　　　　　　　 (fill) the community with a continuous flow of hope and vitality，” Renato from CPFL Energia says． 　　The project 7.　　　　　　　　 (undertake) in response to the Belt and Road Initiative， and adheres to the concept of energy saving and environmental protection．Chinese companies，8.　　　　　　　　 the State Grid， have 9.　　　　　　　　 (active) participated in the energy infrastructure construction in Brazil to better serve the 10.　　　　　　　　 (sustain) economic development of the country and contribute more to the bilateral cooperation and cultural exchanges． 　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了国家电网巴西公司通过实施一个脱盐项目，为若昂·卡马拉村的居民提供了安全饮用水，改善了当地社区的生活条件，并体现了中巴双边合作和文化交流的意义。 1.答案：difficulty/difficulties 解析：考查名词。have difficulty (in) doing sth是固定短语，意为“做某事有困难”，其中difficulty可以表示抽象概念，作不可数名词，也可以用作可数名词，用复数形式difficulties，表示泛指多种困难。故填difficulty或difficulties。 2.答案：has threatened/has been threatening 解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语for a long time可知，此处应使用现在完成时，表示动作从过去持续到现在；或现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去。且主语为单数，因此，此处应填has threatened或has been threatening(现在完成进行时)。故填has threatened/has been threatening。 3.答案：equipped 解析：考查非谓语动词。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰a smart water supply system，equip与a smart water supply system之间是被动关系，因此应使用过去分词equipped。故填equipped。 4.答案：which 解析：考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词salty water desalination facilities，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，因此应使用关系代词which引导。故填which。 5.答案：a 解析：考查冠词。reality是可数名词，此处表示泛指“一件现实的事情”，且reality发音以辅音音素开头，因此应使用不定冠词a。故填a。 6.答案：filling 解析：考查非谓语动词。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，fill和前面的句子之间为主谓关系，需用现在分词作结果状语。故填filling。 7.答案：is undertaken 解析：考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。此处是谓语动词，根据“adheres”可知，此处使用一般现在时，且主语The project与undertake之间是被动关系，因此应使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填is undertaken。 8.答案：like 解析：考查介词。表示“像”应用介词like。故填like。 9.答案：actively 解析：考查副词。修饰动词participated，需用副词actively，作状语。故填actively。 10.答案：sustainable 解析：考查形容词。修饰名词development需用形容词sustainable，作定语。故填sustainable。 学生用书⬇第69页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $