第1部分 第2讲 第2节 形容词和副词 （Word教师用书）-【金版新学案】2027年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（译林版）

该高中英语讲义聚焦形容词和副词高考核心考点，涵盖句法功能、构词规律及比较等级用法，按“真题感知-规律梳理-分层应用”逻辑架构知识体系。通过考点分类解析、构词方法归纳、比较级句型总结等环节，结合近三年高考真题试做与教材例句对接，帮助学生构建完整知识网络，突破词性转换、等级运用等难点，体现复习的系统性与针对性。 讲义以语言能力和思维品质培养为核心，创新采用“真题-规律-应用”闭环教学策略。如讲解比较级时，先分析2023全国甲卷“the more...the more”真题例句，再设计情境仿写练习，提升学生语境分析与逻辑表达能力。设置基础微练、教材对接、高考语篇、写作补全等分层练习，配合即时反馈，确保高效复习，为教师把控复习节奏、学生提升应考能力提供有力支持。

第2节　形容词和副词 【真题试做】——感知高考中的语法 1．(2025·全国一卷，完形填空)In an instant, a woman raced into my house and left happily (happy) with the vase. 2．(2025北京卷，阅读C)Comparing yourself with someone who is doing worse (badly) than you could result in fear and worry if you think about how you could fall into similar circumstances. 3．(2025·北京卷，阅读理解)Instead of simply (simple) complaining, he decided to do something about it. 4．(2025·浙江1月卷，七选五)One of the most common (common) mistakes in communication is trying to do too much. 5．(2025·浙江1月卷，阅读C)With human inputs dramatically (dramatic) reduced, the garden's ecology can develop well. 6．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding (reward) experience. 7．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful (successful) when it's on paper than on screen. 8．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Some are classic short stories, and some are new original (origin) works. 9．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Digital texts, audio and video all have educational (education) roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. 10．(2023·全国乙卷)Younger plants are often cheaper than fully (full) grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature—which is part of the joy of owning plants. 11．(2023·全国甲卷)You'll soon find that the more (much) patience you practise, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations. 12．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest (big) bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. 13．(2020·北京卷)But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly (true) grasp any of the skills the author described. 形容词和副词 形容词和副词的句法功能 词性 功能 例句 形容词 在句中作定语、表语、补足语和状语(说明主语的状态、性质或特征等) Depressed and helpless，Eric burst into tears. 埃里克沮丧又无助，突然大哭起来。 副词 在句中作状语，修饰动词(短语)、形容词、副词、介词短语或句子等；方位副词可作后置定语、表语或补足语 I couldn't find my way out, so I stayed there all along. 我找不到出去的路，因此我一直待在那里。 形容词的构词规律 类别 例词 词尾加­y rain→rainy, cloud→cloudy, luck→lucky, health→healthy, sleep→sleepy, wealth→wealthy 词尾加­(e)d learn→learned, gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced, excite→excited 词尾加­ing challenge→challenging, surprise→surprising, convince→convincing, frighten→frightening 词尾加 ­ful/­less meaning→meaningful/meaningless， care→careful/careless, help→helpful/ helpless, harm→harmful/harmless, colour→colourful/colourless, thank→thankful/thankless, peace→peaceful/peaceless, use→useful/useless, home→homeless 词尾加­able accept→acceptable, comfort→ comfortable, knowledge→ knowledgeable, respect→respectable, reason→reasonable 词尾加­ous danger→dangerous, courage→ courageous, humour→humorous 词尾的­ce 变为­t confidence→confident, difference→different 词尾加­al music→musical, person→personal, nation→national, education→ educational, tradition→traditional 词尾加­ly friend→friendly, week→weekly, love→lovely 词尾加­en wood→wooden, wool→woolen 动词词尾加 ­ive/­ative attract→attractive, talk→talkative, prevent→preventive, protect→ protective 其他常 见变化 以重读闭音节结尾的名词变形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加­y，如sun→sunny, fun→funny等；以字母e结尾的名词变形容词时，要去掉e再加­y，如noise→noisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty等；此外，还有：energy→energetic, fool→foolish, pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific 【点拨】　区分­ed形容词与­ing形容词的具体方法： (1)­ing形容词主要用于修饰物或事，表示事物的性质、特征，常译为“令人……的”。 (2)­ed形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到……的”，强调人自身的感受或状态；修饰事物时，则多修饰smile (微笑), feeling (感觉), appearance (外貌), cry (哭), face (面部表情), voice (声音), mood (情绪), look (表情)等能体现人的情绪状况的名词。 副词的构词规律 类别 例词 形容词＋后缀­ly sudden→suddenly, sincere→sincerely, loud→loudly, clear→clearly 以“辅音字母＋­y”结尾的形容词，变y为i，再加­ly lucky→luckily, heavy→ heavily, angry→angrily, happy→happily 以­le结尾的形容词，去e，再加­y possible→possibly, simple→simply, comfortable→ comfortably, gentle→gently, probable→probably 以­ue结尾的形容词，去e，再加­ly true→truly 以­ic结尾的形容词，加­ally dramatic→dramatically， academic→academically， scientific→scientifically， basic→basically 比较级和最高级的用法 形容词和副词比较等级的考查主要体现在两个方面：一是通过标志词than或表比较意义的语境，判断用比较级还是最高级；二是考查一些固定结构中比较级和最高级的用法。 (1)比较级和最高级的构成 ①规则形式 ·单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词，在原级后加­er(比较级)、­est(最高级)构成，如clever→cleverer→cleverest。其他特殊变化见下表： 特殊情况 构成方法 例词 以不发音的字母­e结尾 加­r和­st brave→braver→bravest 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾 变y为i，再加­er和­est happy→happier→happiest 以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母 双写词尾辅音字母，再加­er和­est hot→hotter→hottest ·多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词，在原级前加more(比较级)和most(最高级)构成。 active→more active→most active happily→more happily→most happily 【点拨】　有少数双音节形容词，既可以加­er和­est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词包括：common, handsome, quiet, pleasant, cruel, stupid, tired，以及以­ow，­er结尾的词。 有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right, wrong, excellent, possible, empty, first, wooden, final, east, last等。 ②不规则形式 原级 比较级 最高级 good, well better best bad, ill worse worst many, much more most little less least far farther(指时间或空间上“更远的”) farthest(指时间或空间上“最久的；最远的”) further(指空间距离“更远的”；在更大程度上) furthest(指空间距离“最远的”；在最大程度上) old older/elder oldest/eldest (2)等级用法的固定句型 ① 同级比较：as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as，其否定形式是“not as/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”。 ② 比较级结构：形容词/副词的比较级＋than; more/less＋多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词＋than。常见的修饰比较级的词有any, much, even, far, by far, a lot, a great deal等。 The book is far more interesting than the books I have ever read.这本书比我以前读的书有趣多了。 ③ 最高级结构：the＋形容词的最高级(＋名词)＋比较范围(in/of/among短语)；one of the＋形容词的最高级＋名词复数。常用来修饰最高级的词有almost, by far以及序数词等。 Raymond's parents wanted him to have the best possible education.雷蒙德的父母想让他接受最好的教育。 (3)比较级的常用句型 ① “比较级＋and＋比较级” 或 “more and more/less and less＋原级” 表示 “越来越……”。 Holiday flight tickets are getting less and less expensive.假期的机票越来越便宜了。 ② “the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...”，表示“越……就越……”。 The more you listen and read, the better you write and speak.你听得越多、读得越多，你的写作和口语就越好。 ③ “the＋比较级＋of(the)＋名词/代词”，表示“(两者中)较……的”。 Of the two cameras, I would prefer the smaller one, which is very easy for me to carry.这两个照相机中，我喜欢较小的那个，它很容易携带。 (4)比较级形式表示最高级的含义 ① “否定词＋比较级”或“否定词＋such/so ... as” 结构，表示最高级含义。 Your story is perfect; I've never heard a better one before.你的故事太完美了；我从来没有听过比这更精彩的故事了。 ② 比较级在以下几种结构中均表示最高级含义： ·比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词 ·比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词 ·比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词 The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的任何其他河流都长。/长江是中国最长的河。 (5)倍数表达法 常见的倍数表达句型主要有： ·A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B ·A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B ·A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size, length, height等)＋of B ·A is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句 Smoking is harmful to people's health, killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents.吸烟有害健康，每年因吸烟而丧命的人比死于交通事故的多七倍。 小题微练 1．After the rain, the air became much fresher (fresh) and the sky turned bluer. 2．She angrily (angry) threw the letter on the desk after reading the bad news. 3．The more you expand your reading, the greater (great) your wisdom in dealing with matters. 4．The old man gently (gentle) touched the little cat's head and smiled warmly. 5．He is knowledgeable (knowledge) about history and can tell many ancient stories. 6．This is the worst (bad) result we could have got after preparing for so long. 7．You need to truly (true) understand the meaning of the article before writing the summary. 8．My sister is talented (talent) in music and she can play the piano very well. 9．The situation changed dramatically (dramatic) after the government issued the new policy. 10．This restaurant provides tasty (taste) food and excellent service for its customers. Ⅰ.语法与教材 1．(外研版选二U5)The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast dramatically (dramatic), giving it a wild and natural beauty. 2．(人教版选一U3)It is challenging (challenge) yet really fascinating to hike through the mountains in the pathless Sarek. 3．(人教版选修一U2)In the future, we will use advanced (advance) technology every day for automatic control of just about everything in our home. 4．(外研版必修一U5)The more we know about this lovely creature, the greater (great) the chance it will survive and keep its place in the natural world for a long time to come. 5．(人教版必修一U3)One of the most famous (famous) places in the world for karsts is Guilin in southwestern China. 6．(外研版必修三U1)How would you expect others to truly (true) understand your emotions if you only shared good news instead of bad? 7．(北师大版必修一U2)As people often say, any exercise is better (good) than none, but long­distance running in particular has a lot of benefits. 8．(外研版选三U1)However, he performs brave actions even when he feels afraid, proving that he is in fact a courageous (courage) individual. Ⅱ.语法与高考 Learning is a 1.meaningful (mean) journey that keeps us 2.energetic (energy) and curious.Every morning, I read English articles 3.carefully (careful), which helps me improve my language skills 4.steadily (steady).The more I practise, the 5.more confident (confident) I become.Sometimes, I encounter 6.challenging (challenge) words, but I never feel 7.discouraged (discourage).Instead, I look them up in dictionaries patiently. Among all learning methods, reading widely is the most 8.effective (effect) one.It not only broadens my horizons but also makes me realise how 9.knowledgeable (knowledge) those great writers are.I find reading more interesting than playing video games, as it brings me more lasting pleasure. Reading regularly has made my life more colorful.I spend twice as much time reading as I did last year.This healthy habit makes me a more 10.thoughtful (thought) person and helps me handle problems more wisely.11.Undoubtedly (undoubted), persistent learning is the best way to become a 12.better (good) version of myself. Ⅲ.语法与写作(用形容词和副词的知识补全作文) (2026·山东省实验中学高三一诊)假定你是李华，你在参加了外教戴维负责的学校英语角活动后，发现了一些问题。请给外教写一封邮件，内容包括： 1．说明问题； 2．提出建议。 Dear David， I'm Li Hua, who attended your English Corner last week.I noticed two main issues: 1.some topics are not helpful for beginners (有些话题对初学者来说没有帮助), and a few active students speak too much, 2.making others less willing to share (使其他人不太愿意分享).This 3.makes the activity less effective (使得活动的效果不那么好) than it could be. The more we balance participation, 4.the better the corner will be (英语角就会变得越好).I suggest choosing simpler topics first and 5.asking everyone to speak briefly (要求大家简短地发言).Also, you 6.could guide discussions systematically (可以系统地指导讨论) to ensure everyone gets a chance. I hope these suggestions help 7.make the English Corner the most popular activity for all (使英语角成为最受欢迎的活动).Thank you for your hard work, and I'm looking forward to the improved version. Yours， Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $