第1部分 第2讲 第1节 名词和数词 （Word教师用书）-【金版新学案】2027年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（译林版）

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考名词与数词变形核心考点，涵盖名词的数（规则/不规则变化、不可数名词）、所有格、词性转换（动词/形容词变名词）及数词（基数词序数词转换、表达法、倍数），按“真题感知-模块细分-规则归纳”逻辑架构知识体系。通过考点表格梳理、方法点拨（如抽象名词具体化）、近三年真题训练及分层小题微练，帮助学生系统突破变形难点，体现复习的针对性。 资料以真题引领强化实战对接，采用规则可视化表格（如名词复数变化、词性转换后缀）提升复习效率，通过抽象名词具体化对比表等设计培养学生语言能力与思维品质。分层练习精准巩固，助力学生在有限时间内掌握变形规律，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支撑。

第二讲　需“变形”的名词、数词、形容词和副词 第1节　名词和数词 【真题试做】——感知高考中的语法 1．(2025·全国一卷)When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing's most powerful significance (significant). 2．(2025·北京卷)In the ninth (nine) grade, I went in for my first group interview for a leadership position as a shy girl. 3．(2025·北京卷)Therefore, they do not feel the satisfaction (satisfy) of being academically challenged. 4．(2025·浙江1月卷)I encourage my daughter to make healthy snack choices and often dissuade (劝阻) her from a second (two) dessert. 5．(2025·浙江1月卷)Ask the audience to contribute their ideas or to take a role in explaining new concepts and policies (policy) to others. 6．(2025·全国二卷)Each dish was tailor­made to raise awareness (aware) regarding food waste. 7．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement (achieve) in contemporary design. 8．(2025·全国一卷)They could have written pages on the necessity (necessary) of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn't strike them as important. 9．(2023·全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well­known Aesop's fables date to the sixth (six) century, B．C. (一)名词 名词的数 (1)可数名词变复数的规则变化 可数名词变复数形式时，一般在词尾加­s或­es，具体变化规则如下所示： 情况 方法 例词 一般情况 加­s student→students, teacher→teachers, doctor→doctors, table→tables 以­s，­x，­ch，­sh结尾 加­es glass→glasses, dish→dishes, box→boxes, watch→watches 注意：stomach的复数形式直接加­s 以“辅音字 母＋y”结尾 变y为i，再加­es family→families, baby→babies, army→armies， body→bodies 以­f 或­fe结尾 一般变f或fe为v，再加­es；少数直接加­s thief→thieves, wife→wives, knife→knives， shelf→shelves, life→lives, belief→beliefs， proof→proofs, roof→roofs, chief→chiefs 以­o结尾 通常加­s 有的加­es radio→radios, video→videos, zoo→zoos, tobacco→tobaccos, hero→heroes, potato→potatoes, tomato→tomatoes (2)可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化 变化规则 例词 自身有特殊变化的名词 child→children, man→men, tooth→teeth, foot→feet, mouse→mice, phenomenon→phenomena, medium→media 单复数同形 sheep, deer, series, aircraft, means, species (3)不可数名词 ① 只用作不可数名词的有：advice, furniture, fun, information, news, weather, progress, wealth等。 ② 抽象名词具体化：抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为具体的动作、行为或类别等概念。 单词 抽象名词意义 具体化名词意义 success 成功 成功的人或事 pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事 beauty 美；美丽 美丽的人或事物 comfort 安慰；慰藉 令人感到安慰 的人或事物 danger 危险 危险的人或因素 delight 高兴 令人高兴的事 failure 失败 失败的人或事物 surprise 惊奇；意外 令人惊奇的事情 shock 震惊 令人震惊的事情 pride 骄傲 令人骄傲的人或事情 名词所有格 有生命名词 不以s结尾的名词加­'s children's books 以s结尾的复数名词加­' the girls' dormitory 以s结尾的单数名词加­'s或­' our boss's office our boss' office 无生命名词 通常用of所有格表示 the capital of Peru 表示时间、距离、国家、城市、机构、节日等的名词通常用­'s所有格表示 Beijing's parks 双重所有格 名词＋of＋名词所有格/名词性物主代词 a friend of my father's 【点拨】　(1)并列名词变所有格时，若表示不同的所有关系，则分别在两个名词后加­'s；如果表示共有关系，则只在最后一个名词后加­'s。如： ① Kate and Mary's room 凯特和玛丽的房间(二者共有) ② Kate's and Mary's rooms 凯特和玛丽的房间(各自的) (2)表示店铺或某人的家时，名词所有格之后的shop, house, home等常省去。如： ① at the doctor's (office) 在(医生的)诊室里 ② at Mr.Green's (house) 在格林先生家 词性转换 (1)动词变名词 ­al approve→approval; arrive→arrival ­ance/­ence appear→appearance; exist→existence ­tion/­ation compete→competition；explain→explanation ­(ss)ion discuss→discussion; admit→admission ­ment achieve→achievement；argue→argument ­ure/­ture press→pressure; mix→mixture ­y recover→recovery; discover→discovery 其他 choose→choice; vary→variety (2)形容词变名词 ­age short→shortage ­cy efficient→efficiency; fluent→fluency ­dom free→freedom; wise→wisdom ­ce different→difference; silent→silence ­ness weak→weakness; careless→carelessness ­th warm→warmth ­ty/­ity safe→safety; disable→disability 小题微练1 1．The discovery (discover) of new energy sources has greatly changed people's lives. 2．My mother bought two knives (knife) and a few tomatoes (tomato) from the supermarket this morning. 3．The safety (safe) of students is always the top priority for every school and teacher. 4．I met a classmate of my sister's (sister) at the airport. 5．The explanation (explain) given by the professor helped us understand the difficult theory better. 6．His weakness (weak) in mathematics has affected his overall academic performance. 7．There is a shortage (short) of fresh water in some remote areas of the country during dry seasons. 8．My grandfather has collected a lot of old radios (radio) which were popular in the 1980s. 9．The freedom (free) to express one's own opinions is an important right in a democratic society. 10．The warmth (warm) of her smile made me feel welcome when I first arrived at the new company. (二)数词 基数词和序数词的相互转换 (1)一般来说，序数词是由相应基数词词尾加­th构成。 (2)十位整数变序数词的构成方法是：将y变为i，再加­eth。 (3)两位或两位以上的基数词变序数词时，仅将个位数变为序数词。 此外，常考的基数词、序数词一般会在100以内，具体见下表： one—first two—second three—third four—fourth five—fifth six—sixth seven—seventh eight—eighth nine—ninth ten—tenth eleven—eleventh twelve—twelfth thirteen—thirteenth fourteen—fourteenth fifteen—fifteenth sixteen—sixteenth seventeen—seventeenth eighteen—eighteenth nineteen—nineteenth twenty—twentieth thirty—thirtieth　forty—fortieth　fifty—fiftieth sixty—sixtieth　seventy—seventieth eighty—eightieth ninety—ninetieth 与数词相关的表达法 (1)分数由基数词作分子、序数词作分母构成。除分子是“1”的情况外，序数词都要用复数形式。 (2)表示某人的大约年龄，即“几十多岁”时，使用基数词的复数形式。“in sb's＋整十的基数词的复数”意为“在某人几十多岁时”，如：in his fifties。 (3)当hundred, thousand, million, billion前面有基数词时，用单数形式，词尾不加­s；前面有many, several, a few修饰时，仍用单数形式，如：several billion years。 (4)“数词＋普通名词＋形容词”构成的合成形容词中，数词和普通名词都要用单数形式。 倍数表达法 (1)倍数＋as＋形容词(副词)原级＋as ... My income is twice as much as yours.我的收入是你的2倍。 (2)倍数＋the size/length/width/depth/height of ... My house is twice the size of his.我的房子是他的两倍大。 (3)倍数＋that of ... ① The size of my house is twice that of his.我的房子是他的两倍大。 ② In this factory, the output of July is 4 times that of January.这个工厂七月份的产量是一月份的四倍。 (4)倍数＋比较级＋than ... The output of cars in 2022 is 4 times greater than that of 2021.2022年小轿车产量是2021年的4倍。 小题微练2 1．Today is my grandfather's eightieth (eighty) birthday, so we are going to hold a big party for him. 2．This is the third (three) time I have reminded you to bring your homework this week. 3．The old man has been living alone in the village since he was in his sixties (sixty). 4．The number of online shoppers this year is twice (two) that of last year. 5．The twelfth (twelve)month of the year is December, which is usually cold in many places. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $