第1部分 第1讲 第3节 情态动词和虚拟语气 （Word教师用书）-【金版新学案】2027年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（译林版）

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考情态动词和虚拟语气核心考点，按“基本用法-特殊情境-综合应用”逻辑层次展开，通过真题试做感知高考，考点梳理分层讲解，方法指导结合表格对比，真题训练衔接教材案例，分层练习巩固应用，帮助学生系统构建知识网络，精准突破语法难点。 讲义以语言能力和思维品质培养为导向，创新设计“情态动词+have done”用法对比表及虚拟条件句省略倒装专项训练，通过语法与写作补全活动提升语言应用能力。真题与教材结合的复习策略，配合即时反馈的分层练习，确保学生短时高效掌握考点，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰路径。

第3节　情态动词和虚拟语气 【真题试做】——感知高考中的语法 1．(2025·全国二卷)Adding more nature to our environment can change (可以改变) our mood and how we think. 2．(2025·全国一卷)They could have written (本可以写) pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn't strike them as important. 3．(2022·北京卷)We should have (应该有) at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. 4．(2022·新高考Ⅱ)Even if you haven't been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help (可能帮助) improve your aging heart. 5．(2022·新高考Ⅰ)You may have just read (可能刚刚读了) the text, but the ideas, concepts and images may fly right out of your head. 6．(2021·北京卷)You must have (必须有) an excellent knowledge of office­related software. 7．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting (act) out the stories with my voice and they loved it! 8．(2018·浙江卷)I told my father how Mrs.Stanley talked as if Mr.Stanley were (be) still alive. (一)情态动词 情态动词的基本用法 情态动词表推测 情态动词＋have done (1)对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测 must have done (过去)一定……；语气比较肯定；用于肯定句 may (might) have done (过去)可能……；语气不确定；用于肯定句 can (could) have done 用于否定句或疑问句，表示怀疑或不确定 (2)表示“与过去事实相反” could have done 过去本可以做某事但实际上没做 needn't have done 过去本不必做某事但实际上做了 ought to/should have done 过去本应该做某事但实际上没做 oughtn't to/shouldn't have done 过去不应该做某事但实际上做了 might have done 过去本可能做某事但实际上没做 情态动词的特殊用法 (1)can/could的否定式与比较级连用，表示最高级含义。 This book couldn't be more interesting.这本书再有趣不过了。 (2)can/could的否定式与enough或too (much)连用，表示“再……也不为过”。 You couldn't spend too much time on English listening.花再多时间练英语听力也不为过。 (3)must可表示“偏要，硬要”，常用于疑问句或条件状语从句中。 Why must you talk so loudly in the library? 你为什么偏要在图书馆里大声说话？ (4)may/might as well表示“最好；不妨”。 We may as well finish the work today instead of tomorrow.我们不如今天把工作做完，别拖到明天。 (5)would可表示过去的习惯，与used to相比，前者常表示过去反复的动作，后者常表示过去的状态或习惯现在已不复存在。 Every morning, she would go for a walk in the park.以前每天早上，她都会去公园散步。 (6)should有时表示说话人对某事感到意外、惊奇，意为“竟然会”。 I can't believe he should lie to his parents.我不敢相信他竟然会对父母撒谎。 小题微练1 1．你应该为你的错误向她道歉。 You should apologise to her for your mistake. 2．我可以问你一个关于作业的问题吗？ May I ask you a question about the homework? 3．外面一定在下雨，因为地面是湿的。 It must be raining outside because the ground is wet. 4．她现在不可能在家，我十分钟前看到她出去了。 She can't be at home now; I saw her go out ten minutes ago. 5．你本不必买这么多食物，我们只有三位客人。 You needn't have bought so much food; we only have three guests. 6．我从没想过他竟然会在考试中作弊。 I never thought he should cheat in the exam. 7．我们不妨坐地铁，比开车快。 We may/might as well take the subway; it's faster than driving. 8．你昨天不可能见到她，她当时在另一个城市。 You couldn't have seen her yesterday; she was in another city. 9．我爷爷年轻时能游过这条河。 My grandfather could swim across the river when he was young. 10．如果你需要，你可以借我的伞。 You can borrow my umbrella if you need it. (二)虚拟语气 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 类型 从句中谓语动词形式 主句中谓语动词形式 与现在事实相反 动词的过去式(be的过去式用were) should/would/could/might＋动词原形 与过去事实相反 had＋过去分词 should/would/could/might＋have＋过去 分词 与将来事实相反 should/were to＋动词原形；动词的过去式 should/would/could/might＋动词原形 ① Therefore, if I were you, I would arrange the meeting schedule based on the team members' work priorities and available time.因此，如果我是你，我会根据团队成员的工作优先级和空闲时间来安排会议日程。 ② If it had not been for your help, I wouldn't have made great progress in my English.如果没有你的帮助，我的英语水平就不会有很大的进步。 ③ If he were to come tomorrow, things would be easier.如果他明天来，事情就容易多了。 虚拟条件句的特殊用法 (1)虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装 如果if虚拟条件句中含有were/had/should，有时可把if省略，把were/had/should提到主语之前形成倒装；若为否定形式， not不可提前。 Had he caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.要是他赶上了早晨的火车，那他开会就不会迟到了。 (2)错综时间条件句 有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据它们各自发生的时间加以调整。 If we had booked a table earlier, we wouldn't be standing here in a queue now.(if条件句是对过去的虚拟，而主句是对现在的虚拟)如果我们早些订位子，现在也就不用站在这里排队了。 (3)含蓄虚拟条件句 ①有时假设的情况不用条件句表达，而是用but for, without等介词(短语)来表示。 We wouldn't have finished the project on time without your timely help.如果没有你的及时帮助，我们就不会按时完成那项工程。 ②用连词otherwise, or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气。 I was ill that day, otherwise I would have taken part in the discussion.那天我病了，否则我会参加讨论的。 ③but分句说明真实情况，另一个分句用虚拟语气说明本应实现而未实现的假设。 I would be most glad to help you, but I'm busy now.我倒是很乐意帮你的忙，但是我现在太忙了。 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用 (1)在“It is＋important/necessary/natural/strange/essential/vital/a pity＋that ... ”句型中，谓语动词用 “(should＋)动词原形”。 It's vital that we (should) take our safe driving along the road seriously. 重视道路安全驾驶是至关重要的。 (2)在would rather (that)后的宾语从句中，从句谓语动词：如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作，从句用一般过去时；如果表示过去发生的动作，从句用过去完成时。 I'd rather he had gone to the seaside with me the day before yesterday.要是他前天和我去海边就好了。 (3)当句中含有以下单词或其变形时，该句中的名词性从句(宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句)部分常用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 “(should＋)动词原形”。 一坚持：insist 二命令：order, command 三建议：suggest, advise, propose 四要求：request, require, ask, demand 外加一个敦促：urge It was suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.建议我们第二天早点出发。 (4)wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气 ① 对现在的虚拟： 过去式(be的过去式用were) ② 对过去的虚拟： had＋过去分词 ③ 对将来的虚拟：would/could/might＋动词原形 I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday.我希望我昨天见到了那位电影明星。 虚拟语气在特定句式中的应用 (1)if only引导的条件句及感叹句 ① 对现在的虚拟：if only＋主语＋过去式 ② 对过去的虚拟：if only＋主语＋had＋过去分词 ③ 对将来的虚拟：if only＋主语＋would/could/ should/might＋动词原形 If only it would stop raining, we could go for a walk.要是天能停雨就好了，我们就可以去散步了。 (2)as if/though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句 ① 对现在的虚拟：as if/though＋过去式(be用were) ② 对过去的虚拟：as if/though＋had＋过去分词 ③ 对将来的虚拟：as if/though＋would/could/might＋动词原形 She looks as if she were not interested in the topic at all.她看起来好像对这个话题完全不感兴趣。 (3)“It is (high/about) time (that) ...”句型中，从句谓语动词用过去式或“should＋动词原形(should不能省略)”。 It is high time that we started/should start out. 我们该出发了。 小题微练2 1．要是他们提前通知我们，我们就能准备得更充分了。 If they had informed us in advance, we could have prepared better. 2．万一你需要帮助，别犹豫，给我打电话。 Should you need any help, please don't hesitate to call me. 3．要是我们早点知道真相，就不会犯这样的错误了。 Had we known the truth earlier, we wouldn't have made such a mistake. 4．她真希望自己没对朋友许下那个承诺。 She would rather she had not made that promise to her friend. 5．经理要求所有员工在周五前提交报告。 The manager demanded that all employees (should) submit the report by Friday. 6．要是我能回到童年就好了。 If only I could go back to my childhood． 7．我们该采取措施保护环境了。 It is high time that we took/should take measures to protect the environment. 8．要不是天气不好，我们这周末就去徒步旅行了。 Were it not for the bad weather, we would go hiking this weekend. 9．要是没有你的支持，我不可能这么快实现目标。 But for your support, I couldn't have achieved my goal so soon. 10．他当时忙于工作，否则就去参加派对了。 He was busy with work; otherwise, he would have attended the party． Ⅰ.语法与教材 1．(外研版必修二U2)The letters were also beautifully illustrated—each must have taken (一定花费了) its true author, Tolkien, a long time to complete. 2．(北师大版必修一U1)To achieve all I want, I must use (必须利用) my time well. 3．(北师大版选一U1)We teachers should have more time (应该有更多的时间) to make friends with all our students and really understand them. 4．(人教版必修三U5)Well, it may seem lucky (可能看起来是幸运的) to you but not to me! 5．(外研版必修一U2)Not only can you post specific questions, but you can also broaden your knowledge (也可以拓宽你的知识) by reading posts from other English learners around the world. 6．(人教版必修三U5)What would you do if you had a million­pound bank note (有一张百万英镑的钞票)? 7．(外研版选修二U1)I expected to feel instantly different, as if I had closed the door (已经关上了门) on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world. 8．(外研版必修三U3)But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died from the electric shock (肯定会死于电击). Ⅱ.语法与高考 Life is full of decisions where 1.we should consider (我们应该考虑) our options carefully.For instance, 2.if I were you (如果我是你), I would think twice before making a hasty commitment.We often reflect, “3.If only I had made a better choice then (要是我那时候做了更好的选择就好了)，” realising we 4.could have achieved more (本可以成就更多).It's vital that one 5.should learn from past mistakes (应该从过去的错误中学习) instead of repeating them.Sometimes, we must accept that our initial judgement 6.may not always be correct (可能并不总是正确), and unforeseen outcomes can occur despite our efforts. Looking back, I 7.should have listened to the advice (本应听从这个建议) given to me.Had I been more cautious, I 8.might have avoided (或许就能避免) many difficulties.Without those past errors, I wouldn't be struggling now.It's high time we 9.reflected/should reflect on our actions seriously (认真反思我们的行为).Why 10.must some people ignore warnings (一些人偏要忽视警告) until it's too late? I often wish I 11.had known earlier (早一点知道) what I understand now. If everyone were more mindful of their choices, society would become wiser collectively.Let's remember: we 12.may as well start making thoughtful decisions (不妨做出深思熟虑的决定) today, ensuring a future we won't look back on with disappointment. Ⅲ.语法与写作(用情态动词和虚拟语气的知识补全作文) 假定你是李华，在你作为交换生赴美国学习期间，你结交的好友埃里克为你提供了很多帮助。新年将至，请你写一篇邮件表达谢意，并邀请他来跟你一起过春节。内容包括： 1．表达感谢； 2．邀请埃里克来中国。 Dear Eric， I'm Li Hua.Do you still remember me？I studied in your school for 3 months last year.I'm very grateful for your help during my study in the US.At that time, you often recommended that 1.I (should) make new friends and adapt to the new life (我要结交新朋友和适应新生活).Without your help, 2.I couldn't have enjoyed my life there so much (我不可能如此享受我在那儿的生活).Besides, if you hadn't helped me, 3.my English couldn't have improved so quickly (我的英语本不可能提高得那么快). I remember that you are very interested in Chinese culture.If you are free during this winter holiday, how I wish 4.you could come to China during the Spring Festival to experience Chinese culture (你能在春节期间来中国体验中国文化)！I would rather that 5.you spent the Spring Festival with us happily (你和我们一起欢度春节).I'm sure it will be an unforgettable trip for you.I would be very happy 6.if you could accept my invitation (如果你接受我的邀请). I am looking forward to your coming. Yours， Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $